中考英语作文写作指导推荐20篇

我们在写作文的时候，做好在开篇的时候就写出自己的亮点，下面是小编整理的开篇见亮点作文得高分，欢迎阅读。

作文在中考语文科目中所占比重相当大。尽管今年中考作文的分数比往年少了10分，但仍占到了50分之多，因此，格外受考生关注。朝阳区教研中心语文教研室主任李满园说，中考作文要想得高分，考生就要抓住得分点，开篇要见亮点。

每个考生手里都有《考试说明》。有些考生觉得它没有多大用处，其实它是考试和复习的重要依据。考生要认真阅读第6页对于写作的要求，按要求备考。《考试说明》中对考生写作共提出了四点要求，一是根据题意和要求写作，中心明确、思想健康、条理清楚地表达自己的思想，力求有创意的表达;二是能根据表达的中心选择恰当的表达方式，合理安排内容的顺序和详略;三是写记叙文做到内容具体，写简单的说明文做到明白清楚，写简单的议论文做到有条有理有据，根据生活需要写日常生活应用文;四是正确使用标点符号。

那么，考生该如何备考呢?李老师说，实际上，作文不用准备太多篇，内容以“我”为圆心，即以自己的生活为半径，思想、情感为画笔，画一个圆，考生准备的作文范围应在这个圆里，就足以应对中考了。

李老师说，考场作文首先要能抓住评卷老师的眼球，这就要求作文有一个精彩的开头，文章的开篇就要显示出自己驾驭语言的能力，要新颖、别致。文章开头一定要尽快切入主题，要体现出考生的文采。如要写一个助人为乐的人物，考生就可以这样开头：生活中有美丽的风景，助人为乐、认真负责的他，构成了我眼中最和谐美丽的一道风景。这个开头就直奔主题，让评卷老师自然而然地知道这篇作文要表达的主题是什么。此外，作文里面还要有一股真情流露，以情感人，有新颖的构思，有与文体相符的得体语言，同时结尾要自然、耐人寻味，最后还要有一个整洁的卷面。

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下面是语文迷网为大家整理的一些英语写作常用的句子，希望对你有帮助。

1、Time flies.

时光易逝。

2、Time is money.

一寸光阴一寸金。

3、Time and tide wait for no man.

岁月无情;岁月易逝;岁月不待人。

4、Time tries all.

时间检验一切。

5、Time tries truth.

时间检验真理。

6、Time past cannot be called back again.

光阴一去不复返。

7、All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

8、No one can call back yesterday;Yesterday will not be called again.

昨日不复来。

9、Tomorrow comes never.

切莫依赖明天。

10、One today is worth two tomorrows.

一个今天胜似两个明天。

11、The morning sun never lasts a day.

好景不常;朝阳不能光照全日。

12、Christmas comes but once a year.

圣诞一年只一度。

13、Pleasant hours fly past.

快乐时光去如飞。

14、Happiness takes no account of time.

欢娱不惜时光逝。

15、Time tames the strongest grief.

时间能缓和极度的悲痛。

16、The day is short but the work is much.

工作多，光阴迫。

17、Never deter till tomorrow that which you can do today.

今日事须今日毕，切勿拖延到明天。

18、Have you somewhat to do tomorrow,do it today.

明天如有事，今天就去做。

19、To him that does everything in its proper time,one day is worth three.

事事及时做，一日胜三日。

20、To save time is to lengthen life.

节省时间就是延长生命。

21、Everything has its time and that time must be watched.

万物皆有时，时来不可失。

22、Take time when time cometh,lest time steal away.

时来必须要趁时，不然时去无声息。

23、When an opportunity is neglected,it never comes back to you.

机不可失，时不再来;机会一过，永不再来。

24、Make hay while the sun shines.

晒草要趁太阳好。

25、according to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4 000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

26、although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

27、an increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

28、in fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

28、in the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活得时间更长成为可能。

30、in view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

31、it is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

32、many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康

33、many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

34、no invention has received more praise and abuse than internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评

35、no one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

36、people equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

37、people seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

38、proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

39、the latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感

40、the majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

twenty-five hundred years ago life in china was very hard. most of the people were hopelessly poor. into these times one of china’s great leaders was born. he was confucius. confucius came from a noble family, but his parents were poor. his father died when confucius was only three years old. the boy was a good and obedient son to his mother.

he grew up to be quiet, thoughtful, and studious. as confucius watched the people around him, he became eager to help them. at last he left his family and started out his students to be honest and kind, and to honor their parents. he taught them that a good man never lets himself get angry. many of his savings were gathered together and written down. one of his famous savings is “do not do to others what you do not wish others to do to you. “ for years he wandered from province to province spreading his ideas to all who would listen to him.

“人与自然”类作文怎么写呢?以下是小编给大家整理的“人与自然”类作文写作指导，欢迎大家查看。

“人与自然”类作文主要涉及三个话题。

1、欣赏自然，表述自然之美

《普通高中语文课程标准(实验)》指出：“自然风光、文物古迹、风俗民情，国内外和地方的重要事件，学生的家庭生活以及日常生活话题等都可以成为语文课程的资源。”由此，我们不难理解为什么各种版本的语文教材中都有大量自然风光类的文章了。我们生活在神奇而美丽的大自然中，自然界蕴含着各种美：动态美和静态美互相补充，阳刚美和阴柔美兼而有之……我们不仅要将足迹留在山水里，还要用自己的彩笔描绘大自然的如画风光。

2、体悟自然，书写自然美景引发的人生感怀

着名诗人徐志摩在名篇《翡冷翠山居闲话》中写道“只要你自己性灵上不长疮瘢，眼不盲，耳不塞”，大自然“这无形迹的最高等教育便永远是你的名分，这不取费的最珍贵的补剂便永远供你受用。只要你认识了这一部书，你在这世界上寂寞时便不寂寞，穷困时不穷困，苦恼时有安慰，挫折时有鼓励，软弱时有督责……”。

3、敬畏自然，反思生态的恶化，呼吁人类善待万物

有个叫西雅图的印第安酋长，曾有一段发人深省的话：“人类属于大地。但大地不属于人类。世界上万物都是相互关联的，就像血液把我们身体的各个部分连接在一起。生命之网并非人类所编织。人类不过是这个网络中的一根线、一个结。但人类所做的一切，最终会影响到这个网络，也影响到人类本身。”的确，我们应把自己看成大自然生态链中的一个组成部分，思考人与自然的和谐相处方式。

习作欣赏

阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

地球诞生至今，已有46亿年。46亿年的漫长岁月。才造就了今天这么一个鸟语花香的美好世界——人类赖以生存的世界。

可是，作为万物之灵的人类竟愚蠢地毁坏赖以生存的环境：乱砍滥伐原始森林，乱捕滥杀野生动物，盲目开采地下矿藏，肆意排放工业废水……于是水土流失了，绿洲消失了，土地沙化了，气候恶劣了……环境污染与生态破坏已成为举世关注的重大问题。今天，人们才发现保护环境的重要意义。

要求选择一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题;不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。

人，真的很聪明吗徐宗璐

人类从亘古的荒原走来。一直走到高楼林立的都市：人类从愚昧落后的部落走来，一直走到文明和开化的现代社会。这一路高歌猛进，无不说明人类是这个世界上最聪明的生物，不愧为“宇宙之精华，万物之灵长”。近几百年来，人类的聪明才智更是发挥到了极致：蒸汽机、电、核能……这一切的一切，不断显示着人类的智慧和力量。然而。仅凭这些。就能断言人类是最聪明的吗?就能判定现在的世界优于过去，并预测未来的世界一定更美好吗?

我的回答是：不能!

仰望天空。候鸟凄厉的叫声，带来远方战火依然的消息：驰骋高原，再难见到藏羚羊奔跑的矫健身姿……这一切，又是谁造下的孽?

大量的事实告诉我们，有许多人只受到功利的影响。而没有接受智慧的启蒙。近代的战争多数已不单纯为了正义，更多的是为了物欲和私利。这充分暴露出人性中贪婪、自私和暴戾的一面。有些国家为了不可告人的目的，使用贫铀弹等杀人武器，丝毫不顾对环境的破坏，导致受难地区的无奉百姓患癌症等疾病的比例大幅度上升。这不仅仅是愚蠢，更是道德的沦丧，是彻头彻尾的犯罪。还有，由于人类无节制地向大自然掠夺索取，致使环境日益恶化。生物种类大幅度减少。300亿年前地球上大约有25亿个物种，现在仅存1亿个左右。在已灭绝的约24亿个物种中，有60%是20世纪灭绝的。从17世纪起，动物的灭绝进入了加速时期。据联合国环境规划署统计，现在仅存的约1亿个物种中，鸟类每两年灭绝1种，兽类每一年就灭绝1种。今后的趋势是：植物可能以每小时1种的速度灭绝，动物可能每天减少1种。我不禁想问，仅有的这些物种在地球上还能支撑多久?大海雀、渡渡鸟、旅鸽、卡罗莱纳鹦鹉、高加索野牛……这些早已被人类灭绝的动物，如果能够复活的话，我们从它们眼中看到的将是平和、善意，还是愤怒与敌意?事实上，现在连看一看敌意的目光也成了一种无法实现的奢望。

人类只是地球生命之网上的一段绳索，人类施之于这“网”的，也是人类施之于自己的。人类的文明已经让这张“网”变得千疮百孔。人类用科技来防止小行星将地球“咬”出一个缺口，是聪明的，但自己将这张生命之“网”撕扯得破败不堪。那就不能不说是糊涂之极了。也许有时残缺是一种美，但对整个地球生态环境来说，残缺决不是美!我们需要一个完整而美好的地球。造物主给了人类一个美丽的星球，人类应该怀着感恩的心与地球和谐相处。

21世纪的钟声早已敲响。可我们是否应该将20世纪乃至前几个世纪人类的所作所为放在一架一头是聪明另一头是愚蠢的天平上称一下，看看哪一头会更重?或许，对于未来世界而言，这样做能使我们免生许多遗憾。

导语：写英语作文的时候适当引用一些名言警句，能够给我们的作文加分哦，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

01. Practice makes perfect.

熟能生巧.

02. Time is money.

时间就是金钱

03. Easier said than done.

说来容易做来难

04. Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者事竟成.

05. Look before you leap.

三思而后行.

06. Knowledge is power.

知识就是力量

07. God helps those who help themselves.

自助者天助.

08. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

心之所愿，无事不成

09. It’s never too old to learn.

活到老，学到老

10. No pains, no gains.

不劳无获

11. Once in a blue moon.

千载难逢

12. To make the impossible possible.

将不可能变为可能

13. Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母

14. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情

15. First things first.

先做重要之事

16. Great minds think alike.

英雄所见略同

17. Rome was not built in a day.

成功并非一朝一夕的事

18. All that glitters is not gold.

闪光的未必都是金子

19. East or west, home is the best.

金窝银窝不如自家草窝

20. Time and tide wait for no man.

时间不等人

21. There is but a secret to success—Never give up!

成功只有一个秘诀—永不放弃!

22. Where there is life, there is hope.

有生命必有希望

23. Beauty will buy no beef.

漂亮不能当饭吃

24. Better late than never.

迟做总比不做好

25. Every little helps.

点滴都有用;积少成多

26. The shortest answer is doing.

最简短的回答就是行动

27. No news is good news.

没消息，就是好消息

28. Well begun, half done.

好的开始是成功的一半

29. All for one, one for all.

人人为我，我为人人

30. One false step will make a great difference.

失之毫厘，谬以千里

31. Facts speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩

32. As the tree, so the fruit.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆

33. To live is to learn; to learn is to better live.

活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着

34. Like and like make good friends.

趣味相投

35. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只学习不玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻

Since i was an innocent child, i had the idea to be a doctor in the future. I always see the people died in the TV, i feels

frustrated about it. therefore, a dream to be a doctor came into my mind. I want to be the person who can save people＇s life just like God Jesus

写好这篇作文，要注意以下几个问题：

（一）什么是感恩。

宽泛的说就是对别人所给的帮助表示感激。它的情感比感谢要深切、要厚重、要丰沛。

（二）对谁感恩。

这个问题其实就是这篇文章的主要写作对象和范围。

在写作范围上同学们一定要拓宽选材空间，可以思考的范围有：回顾历史，放眼社会，倾听大自然，展望未来。

在写作对象上同学们要倾注丰富情感，可以寄托的情感的载体有人、物、景、事等。

（三）感恩的原因。

这是这篇作文的写作缘由。感恩，充实着我们的生活；感恩，塑造着我们的心灵；感恩，

使世界变得美丽；感恩，使我们拥有爱心，天天拥有感恩之心是多么幸福、清净的境界。但现代社会中有很多缺乏感恩的表现：对父母辛苦的无动于衷、对老师付出的漠然置之、对动物受伤的冷眼相待、对别人危难的缺乏同情、对民族忧患的缺乏关注。。。。面对这些现象，我们可以展现自己与写作对象之间发生的事件交往、情感交流和独特体悟。很多事情、很多情感值得我们写入作文。可以参考的有：

1父母亲的爱惜、呵护

2老师们的指导、教诲

3朋友间的关心、提醒

4陌生人的帮助、风险

4大自然的恩赐、赋予

5失败后的鞭策、启迪

6祖国、民族的强壮、哺育

（四）怎样感恩

感恩，不像你想像得那么遥不可及，它做起来也很简单。以下给出几个小材料，通过这几个小材料，总结下我们可以借鉴的感恩的做法：

一．为何国王把王位传给第三个儿子？

有个国王有三个儿子，他很疼爱他们，但不知传位给谁。最后，他让三个儿子回答如何表达对父亲的爱。大儿子说：我要把父王的功德制成帽子，让全国的百姓天天把您供在头上。二儿子说：我要把父王的功德制成鞋子，让普天下的百姓都知道是您支撑他们。三儿子：我只想把您当做一位平凡的父亲，永远放在我心里。最后，国王把王位传给了第三个儿子。

通过这则材料我们总结出的是：

感恩需要真诚，它应该来自心灵的深处。

二、小女孩为何获得雷鸣般的掌声？

老师正在做一次如何感恩父母的调查。一个同学马上说：等我长大的时候，我要送一套很大很大的别墅给他们。其他的同学露出惊奇和羡慕的目光。另一个同学接着说：我要请爸爸妈妈出去旅游，南极的冰川和北极的极光就是我送给他们的礼物！其他的同学传出不小的赞叹声。只有一个女孩怯怯地说：我要给妈妈洗头，让让她的长发飘逸起来空气在这一刻凝固了，教室里静得能听见心跳声。为什么？老师不解地问。在一次车祸中，妈妈的双手致残了，只有我给她洗头对妈妈来说，洗头是种幸福！教室里爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

通过这则材料我们总结出的是：

感恩需要爱，它是幸福的另一种表达。

感恩需要细心呵护，它应该来自平凡的生活。

三、奥运会冠军顾俊的感人之处何在？

《江南时报》报道，载誉归来的奥运会冠军顾俊回到家乡无锡，得知父亲顾德元所在的无锡第四纺织机械厂正遇到贷款难题，便毫不犹豫地拿出自己的16枚金牌，给父亲拿去作为贷款抵押。如今，这家企业蒸蒸日上。当职工们共拿出20万元奖励她时，顾俊却说：我为家乡人民做些事情是应该的没有家乡的哺育，就没有我的今天。

通过这则材料我们总结出的是：

感恩需要提升境界,它应该来自博大的胸怀。

四、国手拒绝回国原因哪般？

釜山亚运会之前，中国篮球协会召回在美国打球的王治郅，准备将他与姚明、巴特尔组成固若金汤的防线。然而，由于害怕经济利益受到损失，这位无人能替的国手最终没有回国效力。比赛的结果可以想象，我们以几分之差屈居亚军

通过这则材料我们总结出的是：

感恩应该远离冷漠，拒绝自私，对心胸狭窄勇敢地说不。

[如何指导感恩话题作文的写作

在读过一篇文章或一本书之后，把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来，写成的文章就叫“读后感”。以下是小编给大家整理的初中生读后感的写作指导的内容，欢迎大家查看。

一、读后感的概念

读后感的概念有两重含义：一是真实的、不受任何约束的读后感，二是一种作文的体裁，考试时要接受各种条件的约束。下面这篇读后感，就接近于第一种读后感。写这种读后感，主要是给自己看的，一定要真实，有什么感想(当然感想应当有意义，值得一写)就写什么感想，与心得笔记不同，它要展开来写，尽量像一篇文章，尽量写得生动、实在、深刻。一般应当写清楚读了什么，有什么感想，联想到了什么，对自己有什么作用等。它不追求文体、格式框框，写起来也可长可短。

二、读后感的写法

写读后感最重要的一点是要读出所读书籍或者文章的“眼睛”，它是你展开来写的基础、中心和出发点，这个问题我们已经在上一讲里说过了，这里就不多讲了。其次，写读后感，有它一定的规矩，有的书上把它归纳为“引、议、联、结”，四个字，想公式一样。对于这些规矩我们不可以不学，考试时只要内容有创意，套用这种公式未尝不可;但我们也不要受其所限，写成千篇一律的“八股文”，也可尝试在结构上有自己的创意，有自己的个性。但不管怎样，读后感也离不开“读”——对原文的引述、概括、评价等等，离不开“感”——自己的感想。只要把这两个字表达好了，就是好的读后感。

三、写读后感的基本技巧

在读过一篇文章或一本书之后，把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来，写成的文章就叫“读后感”。

读后感的基本思路如下：

(1)简述原文有关内容。如所读书、文的篇名、作者、写作年代，以及原书或原文的内容概要。写这部分内容是为了交代感想从何而来，并为后文的议论作好铺垫。这部分一定要突出一个“简”字，决不能大段大段地叙述所读书、文的具体内容，而是要简述与感想有直接关系的部分，略去与感想无关的东西。

(2)亮明基本观点。选择感受最深的一点，用一个简洁的句子明确表述出来。这样的句子可称为“观点句”。这个观点句表述的，就是这篇文章的中心论点。“观点句”在文中的位置是可以灵活的，可以在篇首，也可以在篇末或篇中。初学写作的同学，最好采用开门见山的方法，把观点写在篇首。

(3)围绕基本观点摆事实讲道理。这部分就是议论文的本论部分，是对基本观点(即中心论点)的阐述，通过摆事实讲道理证明观点的正确性，使论点更加突出、更有说服力。这个过程应注意的是，所摆事实、所讲道理都必须紧紧围绕基本观点，为基本观点服务。

(4)围绕基本观点联系实际。一篇好的读后感应当有时代气息，有真情实感。要做到这一点，必须善于联系实际。这“实际”可以是个人的思想、言行、经历，也可以是某种社会现象。联系实际时也应当注意紧紧围绕基本观点，为观点服务，而不能盲目联系、前后脱节。

以上四点是写读后感的基本思路，但是这思路不是一成不变的，要善于灵活掌握。比如，“简述原文”一般在“亮明观点”前，但二者先后次序互换也是可以的。再者，如果在第三个步骤摆事实讲道理时所摆的事实就是社会现象或个人经历，就不必再写第四个部分了。

四、写读后感应注意的问题

第一是要重视“读”

在“读”与“感”的关系中，“读”是“感”的前提、基础;“感”是“读”的延伸或者说结果。必须先“读”而后“感”，不“读”则无“感”。因此，要写读后感首先要读懂原文，要准确把握原文的基本内容，正确理解原文的中心思想和关键语句的含义，深入体会作者的写作目的和文中表达的思想感情。

第二是要准确选择感受点

读完一本书或一篇文章，会有许多感想和体会;对同样一本书或一篇文章，不同的人从不同的角度思考问题，更是会产生不同的看法、受到不同的启迪。以大家熟知的“滥竽充数”成语故事为例，从讽刺南郭先生的角度去思考，可以领悟到没有真本领蒙混过日子的人早晚要“露馅”，认识到掌握真才实学的重要性;若是考虑在齐宣王时南郭先生能混下去的原因，就可以想到领导者要有实事求是的领导作风，不能搞华而不实，否则会给混水摸鱼的人留下空子可钻;再要从管理体制的角度去思考，就可进一步认识到齐宣王的“大锅饭”缺少必要的考评机制，为南郭先生一类的人提供了饱食终日混日子的客观条件，从而联想到改革开放以来，打破“铁饭碗”，废除大锅饭的必要性。

一篇读后感，不能写出诸多的感想或体会，这就要加以选择。作为初学者，就要选择自己感受最深又觉得有话可说的一点来写。要注意把握分析问题的角度，注意联系自己的实际情况，从众多的头绪中选择最恰当的感受点，作为全文议论的中心。

1982年，他终于流出大山，进入陕西省作家协会工作。1992年，正是由于农村生活的积累，使他写出了大气磅礴、颇具史诗感的《白鹿原》。他就是陈忠实。后来有人问他：“怎样面对困难与挫折?”老先生淡淡地说：“像水一样流淌。”像水一样流淌，这是岁月积淀的智慧。遇见困难，努力了，无法消灭它，不如像流水一样，在大山旁边寻找较低处突围，依山而行。只要我们不忘努力，不断奔突，也一样能够走出困境，到达远方，实现梦想。

【温馨提示】人生如水，不忘努力，不断奔突，就会获得成功。人生是无法预设的，但道路是可以选择的，梦想也是可以设定的。只要“像水一样流淌”，心朝大海，一定会春暖花开。此则素材可用来应对“成功的秘诀”、“成长”、“信念”、“追求”、“目标”和“磨炼”等话题作文。

近年来中考作文大多为话题作文。相对命题作文和半命题作文而言，话题作文首先要求学生围绕话题拟一个恰当的题目。但常常见到话题作文的考卷上，或因粗心不写题目；或因懒于思考直接用原话题；或缺乏创新，拟定的题目千篇一律，毫无新意。这样，都会不同程度地对整篇文章产生不良影响。要知道，一个巧妙的题目不仅能调动阅读老师的阅读兴趣，而且能让阅卷老师很快捕捉到文章所要表达的中心，为进一步理解全文奠定基础。

当然，拟题是需要技巧的，或以题揭示中心，或以题引人深思。或借用修辞，或巧用诗句，或展开联想，例如，以“梦”、“梦想”为话题，下面这些题目都令人耳目一新。《想做英雄》《我生活在梦想的盒子里》(以题揭示中心)，《现实和梦想有多远》(以题引人深思)，《梦如潮水》《给心灵插上翅膀》(借用修辞)，《手可摘星辰》《梦想与人生齐飞》(巧用诗句)，《种子的梦想》《化作轻风》(展开联想)。

求真求深立新意。考场作文在立意上主要存在三个方面的问题：一是立意不真或空喊高调，矫揉造作；或编造悲剧，博得同情；二是立意不深。叙述生活，却不能深层次地挖掘生活中潜隐的哲理；三是立意不新。不能多角度审视生活，品味生活，尤其是不能写出自己对生活独特的心灵体验。如果同学们在考场上注意以上三点，就能在作文立意上独显风格。下面这篇习作之所以能得到认可，就是因为在立意上求真，写出了自己真实的生活，独特的心里感受，同时也挖掘出了生活背后令人深思的哲理。

“……面对这一切(指学业上所遇到的艰难痛苦)，我想逃避，但看到父母眼中闪烁着期待的目光，我又不忍心这样做。无意间，看到李敖说的一句话：?不怕苦，苦半辈子；怕苦，苦一辈子，?仅仅十三个字，就彻彻底底地征服了我，让我心中树起一座标牌，上面清晰地刻着?苦?字，然后是一个前进的标志。其实，真正地习惯了苦的生活，反而变得充实起来。一天忙碌之后，感觉如同沐浴后那样舒坦、惬意。”

一、充分准备，打好基础。

为了提高初一英语作文写作水平，平时应加强阅读，多背诵一些句形、段落甚至短文。俗话说：读书破万卷，下笔如有神，只有多读，多记，多背诵，才能出口成章，下笔成文。此外，写好初一英语作文还要掌握一些应用文体的写作方法，如书信、日记、通知等，它们大多有固定的格式。

二、认真审题，明确要求

在写初一英语作文的时候仔细看清写作要求和提示，分清材料的主次，接着确定体裁、格式和人物、地点等要素；最后确定时态，同时考虑相关的语态搭配用法。 三、遣词造句、表达规范

初一英语作文用词要恰当，不可逐句把提示翻译成英语。写作时，应尽量选用你最熟悉、最有把握的词和句型来表达思想。如果有些单词不会些，有些句型不会表达，可以设法绕开，用熟悉的同义词、同义短语或同义句来代替。要学会善于运用适当的关联词，如and, or, but, so，because, since等，以使初一英语作文行文逻辑紧密，自然流畅。 四、认真撰写，卷面整洁

初一英语考试中也会有初一英语作文题，如果时间允许，书面表达一定要先写草稿。在抄写入答题卷前，要先进行检查修改。首先检查所写内容是否切题；之后检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当；最后检查所用时态、语态、人称是否符合要求，前后是否一致。 中考复习研讨会指导课件，极具价值。 关联词

1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, both&and, not only&but also, neither&nor;2.表示选择: or, either∨3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all, 4.表示因果: because, so, therefore5.表示条件: if , unless6.表示对比: instead, not&but, on the one hand&on the other hand;7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words;8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end;9.表示强调: also, besides, what’s more, actually, in fact, 10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word, generally speaking,

导语：人世间有很多值得感恩感动感怀感念感激，而最难报的绝对是父母的恩情。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

这是网络上一直在盛传的关于感恩母爱的感人的故事，关于行孝不能等的感人故事，不管故事是真还是假，起码这个感人故事让很多人的内心发生了触动，把这个故事转载在这里，希望朋友们记得：人世间最难报的就是父母恩，愿我们都能：以反哺之心奉敬父母，以感恩之心孝顺父母!别应了那句 树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不在!

感恩母爱的故事,树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不在!

媳妇说："煮淡一点你就嫌没有味道，现在煮咸一点你却说咽不下。你究竟怎想怎么样?"

母亲一见儿子回来，二话不说便把饭菜往嘴里送。她怒瞪他一眼。

儿子试了一口，马上吐出来， 儿子说："我不是说过了吗，妈有病不能吃太咸!"

"那好!妈是你的，以后由你来煮!"媳妇怒气冲冲地回房。

儿子无奈地轻叹一声，然后对母亲说："妈，别吃了，我去煮个面给?"

"仔，你是不是有话想跟妈说，是就说好了，别憋在心里!"

"妈，公司下个月升我职，我会很忙，至于老婆，她说很想出来工作，所以......"

母亲马上意识到儿子的意思："仔，不要送妈去老人院。"声音似乎在哀求。

儿子沉默片刻，他是在寻找更好的理由。 "妈，其实老人院并没有甚么不好?知道老婆一但工作，一定没有时间好好服侍。老人院有吃有住有人服侍照顾， 不是比在家里好得多吗?"

"可是，阿财叔他......"

洗了澡，草草吃了一碗方便面，儿子便到书房去。他茫然地伫立于窗前，有些犹豫不决。

母亲年轻便守寡，含辛茹苦将他抚养成人，供他出国读书。但她从不用年轻时的牺牲当作要胁他孝顺的筹码，反而是妻子以婚姻要胁他!真的要让母亲住老人院吗?他问自己，他有些不忍。

"可以陪你下半世的人是你老婆，难道是你妈吗?"阿财叔的儿子总是这样提醒他。

"你妈都这么老了，好命的话可以活多几年，为何不趁这几年好好孝顺她呢?树欲静而风不息，子欲养而亲不待啊!"亲戚总是这样劝他。

儿子不敢再想下去，深怕自己真的会改变初衷。

晚，太阳收敛起灼热的金光，躲在山后憩息。一间建在郊外山岗的一座贵族老人院。

是的，钱用得越多，儿子才心安理得。当儿子领着母亲步入大厅时，崭新的电视机，42英寸的荧幕正播放着一部喜剧，但观众一点笑声也没有。几个衣着一样，发型一样的老妪歪歪斜斜地坐在发沙上，神情呆滞而落寞。有个老人在自言自语，有个正缓缓弯下腰，想去捡掉在地上的一块饼干吃。

儿子知道母亲喜欢光亮，所以为她选了一间阳光充足的房间。从窗口望出去，树荫下，一片芳草如茵。几名护士推着坐在轮椅的老者在夕阳下散步，四周悄然寂静得令人心酸。纵是夕阳无限好，毕竟已到了黄昏，他心中低低叹息。

"妈，我......我要走了!"母亲只能点头。他走时，母亲频频挥手，她张着没有牙的嘴，苍白干燥的咀唇在嗫嚅着，一副欲语还休的样子。

儿子这才注意到母亲银灰色的头发，深陷的眼窝以及打着细褶的皱脸。母亲，真的老了!

他霍然记起一则儿时旧事。那年他才6岁，母亲有事回乡，不便携他同行，于是把他寄住在阿财叔家几天。母亲临走时，他惊恐地抱着母亲的腿不肯放，伤心大声号哭道："妈妈不要丢下我!妈妈不要走!" 最后母亲没有丢下他。

他连忙离开房间，顺手把门关上，不敢回头，深恐那记忆像鬼魅似地追缠而来。

他回到家，妻子与岳母正疯狂的把母亲房里的一切扔个不亦乐乎。身高3英寸的奖杯--那是他小学作文比赛《我的母亲》第1名的胜利品!华英字典--那是母亲整个月省吃省用所买给他的第1份生日礼物!还有母亲临睡前要擦的风湿油，没有他为她擦，带去老人院又有甚么意义呢?

"够了，别再扔了!"儿子怒吼道。

"这么多垃圾，不把它扔掉，怎么放得下我的东西。" 岳母没好气地说。

"就是嘛!你赶快把你妈那张烂床给抬出去，我明天要为我妈添张新的!"

一堆童年的照片展现在儿子眼前，那是母亲带他到动物园和游乐园拍的照片。

"它们是我妈的财产，一样也不能丢!"

"你这算甚态度?对我妈这么大声，我要你向我妈道歉!"

"我娶你就要爱你的母亲，为什么?嫁给我就不能爱我的母亲?"

雨后的黑夜分外冷寂，街道萧瑟，行人车辆格外稀少。一辆宝马在路上飞驰，频频闯红灯，陷黄格，呼一声又飞驰而过。那辆轿车一路奔往山岗上的那间老人院，停车直奔上楼，推开母亲卧房的门。

他幽灵似地站着，母亲正抚摸着风湿痛的双腿低泣。 她见到儿子手中正拿着那瓶风湿油，显然感到安慰的说："妈忘了带，幸好你拿来!"他走到母亲身边，跪了下来。

"很晚了，妈自己擦可以了，你明天还要上班，回去吧!"

他嗫嚅片刻，终于忍不住啜泣道："妈，对不起，请原谅我!我们回家去吧!"

【母爱感人故事】感悟

人世间有很多值得感恩感动感怀感念感激，而最难报的绝对是父母的恩情。虽然，父母对我们的要求未必有多少，生命不要求我们成为最好的，只要求我们作最大的努力!树欲静而风不止，子欲养而亲不在!有句话说， "勿做迟孝之人，勿行假善之事!"而"羊有跪乳之恩，鸦有反哺之孝。" 动物尚能如此，愿我们都能：以反哺之心奉敬父母，以感恩之心孝顺父母!易-----物之性也。人当随而不可慢。慢则误也。误则悔也。悔则哀之。

随着自己愈长大，看着父母亲脸庞从年轻变憔悴，头发从乌丝变白发,动作从迅捷变缓慢，多心疼!父母亲总是将最好、最宝贵的留给我们，像蜡烛不停的燃烧自己，照亮孩子!而我呢?有没有腾出一个空间给我的父母，或者只是在当我需要停泊岸时，才会想起他们......

其实父母亲要的真的不多，只是一句随意的问候「爸、妈，你们今天好吗?」随意买的宵夜，煮一顿再普通不过的晚餐，睡前帮他们盖盖被子，天冷帮他们添衣服、戴手套....都能让他们高兴温馨很久。有时，我常在想：我希望我的子女以后如何对我。那现在，我有没有如此对待我的父母?我相信，人是环环相扣的;现在，你如何对待你的父母;以后，你的子女就如何待你。

打好坚实的记叙文写作基础，是写好说明文、议论文的前提。下面是小编为你带来的中考记叙文写作五法2017，欢迎阅读。

技巧一：中心突出，立意深远

首先，立意必须集中而突出。即使需要使用较多的素材也只能统一在一个中心之下，这样才不会散而无主，不至于喧宾夺主。其次，记叙文务必符合积极、健康、深刻、高远的立意要求。其三，要善于从日常小事中发现深刻、有时代气息的主题，善于从事件的表面向深处挖掘，使主题变得深刻起来。其四，运用对比可以让人物的形象更鲜明，事件的中心揭示得更深刻。如将美与丑、善与恶、强与弱、悲与喜对比，将人或事的前后变化对比，将不同的人对某人某事的态度对比等等。另外，你也可以用环境描写来渲染气氛，暗示事件发展，衬托人物心情等，从而彰显主旨。如一篇《责任重于泰山》的作文。作者先用“每个人都有着每个人的责任，责任重于泰山”作题记，然后分别用一、二、三作小标题，依次叙写了张老师出人意料地带病冒雪上课、检察长在战友(因救护自己而牺牲)儿子的判决书上签字前矛盾的思想斗争、县委书记为了泄洪抢险而顾大局舍小家决定炸除自己从小生活的村庄这三件事，说明了给学生上课是教师的责任、严格执法是领导者的责任、保护国家利益是所有公民的责任，从而使“不同的位置有不同的责任”的主旨得以凸显。

技巧二：详略得当，内容充实

选材要鲜活。即选构要真实、新颖、典型，从生活中捕捉精彩的典型素材，筛选出那些最高兴、最悲痛、最深刻、最难忘、最能打动人心、最能展现时代风貌的典型事件，或者概括提炼，或者放大细节，或者定格镜头，必能写出具有、独特个性、深刻感悟和超级感染力的佳作来。情节通常包括事件的开端、发展、高潮、结局等几部分，如作文《一张贺卡》，作者以“贺卡”为线，围绕一个穷学生给老师“送贺卡”这件事展开生动描述，把“买贺卡”“送贺卡”“卖贺卡”三个场面一线串起，使文章曲折生动、感人至深;但在处理素材的详略时，却略写“送贺卡”，而把自己“买贺卡”前的思想斗争、老师“卖贺卡”后的感动心理浓墨重彩描述，这样就突出了一个正直、慈爱、善良的老师形象。

技巧三：情感真挚，叙中含情

在刻画人物时，要将真情实感融入到细致、生动的人物描写和事件叙述中去，人物有了真情实感便获得了鲜活的生命。可以通过细节描写、选用情感鲜明的词语、打造抒情语句来流露真情。例如《懂你，懂你》中描写丰富细腻、真挚感人。作者将“我”的深切感受、心理活动和母亲的动作、神态和语言描写结合起来，一个，心思细密、宽厚温和、体贴女儿的母亲形象跃然纸上。

技巧四：结构清爽，叙事生动

首先结构要完整，写人叙事要清晰。应善于运用前后照应、一线串珠等技法组织材料。其次叙事要生动，情节要曲折。叙事写人时可以使用前后对比法、设置悬念法、抑扬生变法、虚构科幻法等来使文章尺水兴波、妙趣横生。如一篇《我的这杯“苦咖啡”》的作文，作者分别以“麦田?烈日”“村边?夏夜”“小院?清早”“医院?黄昏”为小标题，按地点和时间变化为序依次描绘了四个生活场景，表现了作者和爷爷之间细腻深厚的祖孙情。这种以情为线的行文，立意、情感、事件以一贯之，极具结构美和情感美。

技巧五：个性人物，形象鲜明

写人记事的记叙文大多是通过塑造人物形象来揭示中心的。你可以通过个性分明的外貌、神态、服饰、语言、动作、心理等描写来展现人物的思想感情和性格特征。例如通过不同人物的语言便能体现出各自文雅有礼、粗鲁低俗、豪爽干脆、优柔寡断、风趣幽默、干巴木讷等迥异的性格。你也可以随着事件的发展或观察角度的变化，对人物进行多层次描写，或将正面描写与侧面描写相结合，特别要注意细节描写和概括描写相结合。

【范文】

难忘的那一幕

时光常常在我们不经意时溜走，但有时又把我们定格在那永恒的瞬间，或使我们彷徨，或使我们流连，或使我们感动，或使我们深思.……(开篇由一丝感慨入题，运用排比，干脆利落而又文采斐然。)

前不久，我就遇见过这么一幕。那是过端午节的前一天，正是我们镇逢集的日子。难得有假期，我带上平时积攒的零花钱，一大早就去逛街。大街上人来车往，十分热闹。两旁店铺里各种商品琳琅满目，商家争相销售的叫卖声不绝于耳，空气里弥漫着各色小吃、水果的香甜味道……整条大街到处洋溢着节日前热闹的气氛。(描述大街上的喜庆气氛，既为人物的出场提供了合理化背景，又反衬了人物的悲惨境遇。)

我买了自己喜欢的零食，边吃边四处闲看。老远看到一堆人围在路旁的一根线杆下不知道在干什么，好奇心驱使我快步跑过去，钻进了人群。眼前出现的情景和节日的氛围极不协调。一个蓬头垢面、浑身脏兮兮的男人匍匐在飞扬的尘土中，右边的裤管瘪瘪的压在身下，紧挨在他身边的是一辆破旧的三轮车，在一堆分不清颜色的破被上躺着两个黑乎乎的小孩。男人的面前摊着一张还算得上干净的白纸，上面满是歪歪扭扭的字，一个已经斑驳的瓷钵压在一个纸角上，里面零星地散落着不多的硬币。围观的人七嘴八舌地议论着。(只三两笔就把一个乞讨男人悲苦潦倒的形象呈现在眼前，实属传神。)

“啧啧，真是可怜，一条腿不算，还是个哑巴，拉扯着两个没娘的孩子，可咋活呀!”一个老太太一边摇头叹息一边往那瓷钵中放了几元硬币(简短一句话既交代子乞讨者的境况又体现出老太太的慈善;与下文众人的麻木形成对比。)

“可怜什么啊，都是装出来的，没准是—个骗子呢!”一个烫着大波浪的妇女鄙夷地说。

“是啊，是啊，现在装可怜骗钱的人可多了。”几个人也随声附和。(语言精炼，寥寥数语把旁观者的冷漠刻画入微。)

我伸手摸了摸兜中剩下的零钱，听到他们的话，又把手缩了回来。(“伸”“缩”两个字写出了我的矛盾心理。)

“让让，让让，有什么热闹好瞧啊?”两个油头粉面的年轻人拨开围观的人群，用锃亮的皮鞋拨弄了下摊在地上的纸。

其中一个皱着眉头道：“我当有什么好看的，原来是要饭的啊。像这样的人还不如早点死了算了，活着让人恶心!”(尖刻的语言背后站着一个丑陋的灵魂。)

“是啊，是啊，看着就让人倒胃口。”另一个随声附和。

作文中叙事作文一直占有很大比例，如何书写叙事作文?小编收集了叙事作文需选择正确叙事方法，欢迎阅读。

叙述是文章的表达方式之一。叙述要求把文章中要表现的人、事件交代明白，使文章线索清晰。叙述在记叙类文章中起着极为重要的作用。叙述的方式有多种，常见的叙述方式有两种：顺叙和倒叙。

顺叙是按照人物的经历或事件发生、发展的先后顺序进行的叙述。顺叙的文章，读者容易把握事情发展的来龙去脉。H版教材六年级第二学期课文《弹琴的姑娘》，说的是一个姑娘勤奋练琴的故事。文章叙述“我”无论是早上还是晚上，在胡同里经常听到“叮咚!叮咚!叮叮咚咚!”的琴声，练琴的声音一年四季未曾间断过。春夏秋冬，小姑娘锲而不舍地练着琴。课文按照时间顺序，叙述弹琴姑娘刻苦勤奋地练琴，同时融入“我”对琴声的感受和对姑娘的美好感情。由于作者成功地运用了顺叙的写法，故事情节显得清晰自然。

在运用顺叙的方式时，要注意用好表示时间或表示事件发生先后顺序的词语。另外，要避免平铺直叙，面面俱到。为此，要注意材料的取舍与详略。

倒叙不是按时间先后的顺序，而是将后发生的情况先写，然后再回转来交代事情发生、发展的经过。这种写法不仅能使文章曲折有致，波澜起伏，引人入胜，而且便于突出重点，吸引读者，增强艺术效果。

回忆性的文章，一般采用倒叙的记叙顺序，也就是从时间上来说，先写现在，再写过去。

倒叙法并不是把所有的内容都倒过来写，只是先叙后面发生的事情，再讲它的由来罢了。这样，就要注意处理好由倒叙转向顺叙时的文字衔接问题。要有一个很好的过渡，才不会给人以过于突然或是前后割裂的感觉。一般可用“事情的起因是……”“原来是……”或者用问句“为什么会……?”把结果与事情的起因衔接起来。

总之，叙述方式的选用，要从表达内容的需要出发。尤其是倒叙方式的运用，不要故弄玄虚，为倒叙而倒叙，这样，反而会适得其反。

出示习题： 开展一项动作游戏活动(比如：投乒乓球入盒子)请仔细观察两名游戏者的动作，抓住他们各自的特点，分步骤描述具体，注意两人动作的差异。

审题指导：内容要点，两名游戏者的动作

写法要点，抓住他们各自的特点，分步骤描述具体

写法指导：刻画人物，方法多样，其中对动作描写的偏好，可以说是任何一个作家都不例外的。高尔基认为，写人物要多行动少说话。老舍曾说，只有描写行动，人物才能站起来。当代心理学家们认为，人的内心是看不见摸不着的，只有动作才是真实可靠的。动作的确是透视人物心理的多棱镜。那么，怎样写好人物的动作呢?

一、要抓住特征性动作描写。

在特定的环境下，人物的动作具有相应的特征。我们要仔细地观察，抓住这些特征。我们常说：“行动从思想中来”，就是说人物的行动要符合人物的思想品质，每个人都有不同的性格，不同的感情，不同的内心世界。具有典型意义的人物动作描写，能使人物形象更加生动，更加鲜明。在描写人物动作时，不仅要写出他在做什么，而更重要的是描写他是怎样做的，并且要通过人物的动作描写，表现人物的性格特点和精神面貌。《彩色的翅膀》一课写守岛战士品尝海岛上结出的第一个西瓜时，是这样描写他们的动作的： “战士们都笑着，用两个指头捏起一小片来，细细地端详着，轻轻地闻着，慢慢地咬着，不住发出‘喷喷’的赞叹声。” 这种具有特征的动作描写，把战士们喜悦、激动、珍视、自豪的心情充分表达出来。

二、要写出连贯性的动作，描写一个人的动作要进行分解，也就是说一个人的动作是由一系列地动作构成的。把一个大动作分解成几个小动作，抓住人物最有特征的动作，一一进行叙述，那么整篇文章就能把人物动作写具体了。

炒菜

妈妈先把白菜一片片洗干净，又一片片摞起来，左手按住菜，右手拿起刀，一刀一刀地切着，把白菜切成一个个的小方块，剩下的菜叶放在旁边。开始炒菜了。妈妈先把锅坐在火上，等锅烧热后把油倒进锅里，不一会儿，锅里腾起了油烟，发出“嗞嗞”的声响。妈妈先把切好的葱花扔进锅里，等葱花变黄，腾起一股香味，又把菜倒进锅里，抄起锅铲，不停地翻动着。等菜慢慢由白变黄，妈妈再倒入酱油、醋，撒上盐，接着用铲子翻动了几下，撒上白糖、味精，迅速把锅端下来，翻炒了几下，就出锅了。妈妈炒的糖醋白菜，甜丝丝，酸溜溜，香喷喷，吃起来别有风味。这是妈妈的拿手菜呢!2014中考作文写作技巧：动作描写

妈妈是怎样炒糖醋白菜的呢?作者把妈妈炒菜的动作进行分解，用了表示连贯动作的词，然后抓住妈妈炒菜时最有代表性的动作，进行具体描写。如：先是——洗菜、切菜，开始——坐锅炒菜，又把——菜放锅里，再是——倒入调料，接着——用铲翻动。在这个片段作文里，由于用了表示动作先后顺序及动作连贯的词，清楚地写出了妈妈炒菜时的全过程，并且把妈妈炒菜时那熟练地样子清晰地展现在读者面前，给我们留下了深刻地印象。

三、准确运用动作词语。我们祖国的语言十分丰富，例如：表示动作的词有：拿、提、拎、推等等，运用哪些词语呢?这就要看文章的具体环境了。因此，在描写人物动作时，要准确使用词语，精选动词，力求把人物的动作写得准确、具体、鲜明，这样才能把人物的动作、形象，逼真地写出来。请你阅读下面的作文片段：

擦玻璃

别看张敏的个子矮，可是每次做扫除，她擦的玻璃最干净了!为了看看她到底有什么绝招儿，我仔细观察了她擦玻璃的动作。她敏捷地踩着椅子上了桌子，又从桌子迈上窗台。她先用一块干布掸了掸玻璃，然后再换一块潮湿的抹布，踮着脚，一只手抓住窗棂，一只手从上到下用抹布蹭玻璃。接着，又自上而下从左到右蹭了一遍。玻璃上有污点的地方，她就哈一口气，使劲蹭几下，还不干净，她又用手指抠几下，啊，污点终于被她消灭了。她从窗台上下来，站在地上，端详着被她擦得一尘不染的玻璃，美滋滋地笑了。原来她擦玻璃这样细致，还真有两下子呢!

这个作文片段在写张敏擦玻璃时，使用了“踩、迈、掸、踮、抓、蹭、哈、抠”等一系列的词，把擦玻璃的过程写得很具体，我们把这些词串连起来，在头脑中就会形成张敏擦玻璃又干净、又麻利的画面，从心底里佩服她把玻璃擦得一尘不染、又快又好地绝招。从这个实例中我们知道，恰如其分地使用表示动作的词，能够把内容写得充实、具体，把人物刻画得活灵活现，能够再现人物的思想品质，避免内容空洞无物。描写动作是为刻画人物，刻画人物是为了表达中心。因此紧紧围绕文章的中心，仔细观察，精心选择，具体描写，就成了写好人物动作的关键。我们要写出人物行动的方式和过程，并通过这种描写揭示人物的内心活动，显现人物的性格，这是我们努力的方向。

[中考作文写作技巧：动作描写

导语：一张张温情卡片传递着的是正能量。因为有了路人对收报老人的关爱，才令老人心生感激;因为有了老人对路人的关爱，才有了这一张张承载着温情与感动的卡片，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

在城市街头，我们都曾遇到过拾捡废品的老人，他们为补贴家用拾捡废品变卖，不过北京地铁站口一名自称为“四惠大爷”的老人却很特别。近日，有网民将“四惠大爷”发放感谢卡一事发上微博，一时之间吸引了众多网民关注，网民们都被这名可爱的老人感动了。他为了感谢平日送给他报纸的陌生人，便亲手制作了一张卡片，发放给进入地铁的市民。路人每给这位“四惠大爷”送一份看过的报纸，大爷都会深深鞠一躬，双手接过报纸，说声谢谢，并递上这样一个感恩卡。“再怎么着急，也别忘了吃早饭”“大家每天都给我报纸，感谢你”……卡片上朴素的语言，令许多网友感动得“泪奔”，有网友评论说：“这寻常的感恩和热心，这么简单而强烈”，“拿到卡片心里暖暖的”。这种来自普通人细致入微的温情语言再次将路人感动。

【运用指导】

一张张温情卡片传递着的是正能量。因为有了路人对收报老人的关爱，才令老人心生感激;因为有了老人对路人的关爱，才有了这一张张承载着温情与感动的卡片，这正是爱的循环，也是和谐的基础。点亮一盏心灯，照亮他人的同时，也温暖了自己，这就是正能量传递的结果。由此，素材可以运用到“正能量”“传递”“和谐”等话题当中。“四惠大爷”只是地铁站一个普普通通的收报老人，但就是这样一个平凡的老人，以他不平凡的温情卡片让无数都市人为之感动。温暖人心不一定要轰轰烈烈，简单、真诚一样能温暖人心!由此，素材可以运用到“简单与平凡”“感动”“真诚”等话题当中。

这是一个让人可亲可敬的老人。他用自己的一举一动诠释了那些越来越被现代人忽视的待人接物的传统美德。用双手接过报纸，向对方深鞠躬，并真诚地道一声“谢谢”，这些容易被我们忽略的细节流露出一个老者良好的素养。由此，素材可以运用到“传统美德”“细节”“感恩”等话题当中。

【运用方向】

(1)传递正能量;(2)素养;(3)和谐;(4)简单与平凡;(5)感动;(6)真诚;(7)细节。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

导语：越来越多汽车进入我们的家庭生活，改善了我们的生活，但同时也带来了很多问题，如塞车和车祸，给家庭和社会带来极大的危害。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

请写一篇有关交通安全的短文(80字左右)

内容包含：

(1)遵守交通规则，如走人行道/过斑马线。

(2)别在街道上或马路上玩耍和踢球。

(3)劝父母不能酒后驾车。

你可以适当增加内容，让短文通顺，过渡自然。

参考词汇：sidewalk 人行道、zebra-crossing 斑马线

注：第一段已给出，不计入总数

关于交通问题的中考英语作文

With more and more cars coming into our families, we are happy that it has greatly improved our life. But unluckily, it has also brought many problems, such as heavy traffic and traffic accidents.

Traffic safety is everybodys business. We must obey the rules. For example, we must walk on walk side, when we cross zebra – crossing, stop and look right and left, then go across fast. Dont play football on the road .we can tell our parents not to drink before they drive, not to run through red lights, not to talk and laugh while driving etc.

We can say cars are coming into our life, but only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybodys business can we be safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks.

【参考译文】

随着越来越多的汽车走进我们的家庭，我们很高兴它大大改善了我们的生活。但不幸的是，它也带来了许多问题，如交通拥挤和交通事故。

交通安全人人有责。我们必须遵守规定!例如，我们必须走在一边，当我们过斑马线，停下来，看左，右，然后跨越快速。不要在马路上踢足球，我们可以告诉父母开车前不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，开车时不要说话和笑。

我们可以说汽车正在进入我们的生活，但只有当每个人都认为交通安全是每个人的业务，我们可以安全驾驶道路和人行道上行走。

形象丰满主要对人物而言，要能使人物从纸上站起来，有血有肉，栩栩如生，小编收集了形象丰满，欢迎阅读。

形象丰满，主要是就记叙性文章(包括散文、故事和小小说等)而言的。形象丰满或是人物肖像、心理、语言、行动等描写比较齐全，人物丰满生动;或是叙事具体完整，情节曲折有致;或是细节描写细致逼真，有点有面。这样写人就会有血有肉，有个性特点，有复杂的思想感情和丰富的精神世界;状物就会栩栩如生，有层次感，有立体感，有丰富的内涵。

一人一物一场面都可以是形象。形象丰满主要对人物而言，要能使人物从纸上站起来，有血有肉，栩栩如生，使读者把文中的人物当作实有的人来看待，从而引起读者的浮想、遐思，爱憎分明。这就要求我们能够刻画出人物的个性特点，展现人物复杂的思想感情、丰富的精神世界，写出人物的复杂性，活泼地表现作品中的人物。

考生作文过程中常常存在三大问题。一是以贴标签的形式进行议论抒情而不是让写作对象自己来说话;二是以叙事代替描写，往往流于空泛、抽象，人物只留下一个影子，不能给读者具体、形象的感受;三是即使抓住了人物的某一个特点来写，但没能把握主要特征，往往过于单一、平板，不能充分展示所写对象的变化和复杂性，不能给读者留下深切的感受。

1、以形传神，形神兼备。要让形象丰满必须把握形象的特征以及作者通过这一形象来传达什么思想感受。以形传神是连结“形”和“神”的桥梁，人物形象的丰满自然也离不开形貌逼真，而形貌逼真关键在于形神兼备。

2、尽可能多描写少叙述。无论是考场作文还是平时习作，不少同学总习惯以叙述代描写，以说明代描写，像一个讲解员，干巴巴地介绍人物，说明形象。这样的作文，形象自然乏味。如果换一种方式，表述同一事实，介绍同一对象，描写同叙述相比效果要好得多。如果我们尽可能采用描写手法，写好几件事，人物形象就会站起来。同样，用描写手法介绍一个物体，赋予物体人的情态，物体一定会活灵活现。例如，“一片树叶从枝头落下”，是叙述语，而“一片树叶绕树三匝，一步三回头，在树根脚下找到归宿”，则是描写抒情语，这就很有形象感，很有韵味。

特别要重视神情动作与个性化语言的描写。要让形象本身来说话。演员演戏要给观众留下深刻的印象，靠的是演员具体入微的神情动作和个性化的语言，而不是让演员站在幕后，只凭导演向观众介绍剧情;要想使文章形象丰满就必须让文章的形象本身说话，不能仅凭在行文时贴标签，“这是一位热情的人”，“那是一个冷漠的人”。这样的文章根本谈不上“形象丰满”。同时描写人物的行为动作时，要有一定的选择，决不是全盘记录，要选择最有意义的行动，既有思想性又能显示性格的行动，还能最有效的反映出人物性格的行动，这才最好。

3、全方位表现描写对象。人物形象是否丰满，与我们的表现角度有很大关系。如果我们全方位思考，那么就有这样一些角度可以选择：人物的语言有什么特点?人物的外貌有什么特征?人物的动作在哪些方面与众不同?人物的内心世界表现在什么地方?别人是如何看这个人的?如果能落实这些点，人物形象就会丰满起来。如果是状物，抓住了物体的特点，多角度感受，这物体就有了质感。

4、编故事串连几个细节。作文有故事情节，有精彩细节，人物就活了起来，形象就有立体感。近年来，那些获得满分的考场记叙文在此都有突出的表现。编织情节可采取误会法、巧合法、变形法等。细节描写有语言、动作、心理、肖像等。我们为何不试一试?即使是状物，也可采取拟人化方式，编织情节，描写细节，产生文学效果。

方法是在实践中总结出来的，我们可以在写作过程中深入感受、不断总结、不断完善丰富。

写景抒情散文是指融写景与抒情一体的散文。此类散文的写作缘起可能是游览胜迹、故里寻根、失意遣怀等。它所描绘的景和抒发的情不是简单地结合在一起，而是情景交融，呈现出“情由景生，景因情美”的和谐关系。在尝试此类散文写作时，应注重以下两方面：

㈠景物描写要传神

传神是指描写时不仅能够描绘出景物的特点，而且能给读者如在眼前的感觉。具体做法如下：

⑴善于观察

善于观察，即用心体悟身边的景物。对于景物的感受力是此类散文的写作基础。优秀的写景抒情散文描写的景物既在我们身边，又能挖掘出我们不曾发现的美。正如朱自清笔下的“荷塘”，读者看了原型图片之后会发现，我们身边也有很多这样的荷塘。如果没看《荷塘月色》，我们很可能日日从旁走过也不觉其美。这也印证了那句话“生活中不是缺少美，而是缺少发现的眼睛”。善于观察，才有所感，这是写作的前提。

⑵层次分明

层次分明即描绘景物时有主次、有先后之分，既能凸显细节之美，又给人和谐的整体感。仍以《荷塘月色》为例，作者依次写了荷叶、荷花、荷香、流水、月色、树影等景物，作者对这些景物的摹写均非常细腻，但它们又不是割裂的，如写荷叶，然后是荷叶中的荷花，然后是风送来的花叶的清香，由风的吹动引出流水；写月色，既注重从上至下的流动，又注重从下至上的浮动，从而构成了富有诗情画意的“荷塘月色”。可见，我们在描写景物时，可根据表达的需要对彰显景物特点的细节工笔描绘，使其凸显出来，又不斩断与之相关的背景，将其融进去。

⑶善用修辞

在描写景物时，应恰当运用比喻、拟人、通感等修辞手法。当你要把对景物的审美发现传达给读者时，尽量要将其转化为另一种人们熟知的美的形式。譬如《荷塘月色》中把花叶的若有若无的清香形象地比喻为高楼上渺茫的歌声，再如写花叶在月光下朦胧的美态，将其比作笼着轻纱的梦，令我们真切地感受到了这种朦胧的梦幻般的美。善用修辞能够使描写的对象生动形象、真实可感，同时使文章语言优美、文采斐然。

㈡情感抒发要自然

情感抒发要自然是指散文所表达的情感必须是真实的，同时情感的表达应该恰当。包括：

⑴有感而发，体现个人气质

情感是写景抒情散文的灵魂，真实的灵魂往往是可爱的。正如季羡林老人认为自己是好人的同时并不掩饰自己的诸多缺点，这反而令老人真实可爱。我们在进行写作时一定忠于内心的情感，不无病呻吟也不夸大其辞。没有真情，任何笔调都不能打动人心。情感的真实还能呈现出个性美。同样的是写北平，老舍的《想北平》淳朴亲切，表现的是他作为北京人对家的依恋，郁达夫的《故都的秋》清静悲凉，表现的是文人忧郁而优美的情怀。真实的情感令散文呈现出迷人的个人气质。

⑵善于渗透，情景交融

善于渗透是指巧妙地将情感融入到景物的描写中，借用景物来抒发感情、描绘心态。当作者借用景物作为抒情对象时，景物因情感而形成了美的意境，而情感透过景物直达人心，含蓄而隽永。譬如郁达夫《故都的秋》，“清”“静”既是对客观景物特点的描写和总结，又是作者内心的感受，两者融为一体，意味隽永。

要写出满分作文，就应该具备一下的四种特点，下面是整理的满分作文应具备的四大特点，欢迎阅读。

第一，能够让阅卷老师在比较短的时间内把全篇作文占领。让老师知道这篇作文的整体脉络发展是很好的，整体脉络的状态是没有超离题目要求的范畴的，这当然就为考生得高分准备了一个很好的前提和基础。

第二，紧密的勾连。在行文的过程当中，考生对于作文要求的题旨和需要表现的内容始终不离不弃。考生在积极的非常踊跃的亢奋的来表现作文题要求表现的内容，这是很重要的一点。

第三，开阔的视野。这个主要表现在作文的材料上，最好不能用一些比较平淡、众人皆知，甚至于经常被人用的东西。写作文的时候，考生要多举例子，有了中国的例子，能不能有外国的例子;有了古代的例子，能不能有现代的例子;有一些社会现实的例子，能不能有比较文艺一点的例子;有科学家的例子，能不能有一些艺术家的例子。这会反映一个学生的视野开阔度，也是很重要的一点。

第四，回旋的题旨。很重要的一点是让阅读者觉得考生的认识、考生的判断有一定的深度，也展现了一定的锋芒。不能在人云亦云的题旨上再说，高分作文的题旨不能让人觉得太浅薄，要让老师读完了以后有一个回旋的余地，有一定的份量和味道。