我的家庭英语作文高中作文带翻译20篇

我的家庭是一个温暖的家庭。是个六口之家，成员有在我学习上严格生活中开朗的爸爸，有天天在厨房洗衣机旁忙碌的妈妈，有每天在电脑前又长的很帅的哥哥，有内向长的很漂亮的大嫂，还有一个四个月大，长相斯文，脾气却很大的侄女。当然，还有那个活泼可爱的我。

在家里，爸爸是最疼爱我的人，记得那年冬天，爸爸骑摩托车带我去姑姑家，走到半路上突然飘起雪花，爸爸急忙停车，脱下自己的外套把我包的严严实实，就又骑车继续行驶，行至一个拐弯处，因为地下太滑，车随势就滑到了下来，说时迟那时快，爸爸抱住我一个纵身后跃，把自己的身体结结实实的摔在地上，不顾自己的疼痛，急忙坐起，当看到怀中安然无恙的我时，爸爸便会心的露出了笑容，后来我不知道其实爸爸那一次被摔伤的很重，一年多伤痛才渐渐好转。

妈妈是我们家最辛苦的一个人，上班下班还包揽了家里的一切家务，因为妈妈天天蹲在地上擦地板，为此爸爸和妈妈闹了矛盾，还特意给妈妈买了一把专业擦地板的大拖把，但是妈妈还是一直瞒着爸爸每天早上趁爸爸还没起床依旧用自己的方式擦家里的地板，但是却瞒不过每天早上上学的我，并协议让我们一起瞒着爸爸，其实我知道爸爸那样做心疼妈妈，有时看着我们干净整洁的家，我心中也难免觉得妈妈真是太辛苦了。

最小的家庭成员是四个月大的侄女——依雯，她两眼大大的，头发黑黑的，体型胖胖的，显得很可爱，一次半夜四点多，大家都在睡梦中，突然，我被一阵“哇——哇——”撕心裂肺的哭声吵醒了，唉！我这个侄女就是一个特可爱又特能闹的小宝宝。

我的哥哥今天二十四岁了，虽然有时候也爱吃零食、玩电脑、看动画片，但在工作上从不含糊，经常受到单位领导的表扬，是一个精力充沛富有激情的时代人。

我的嫂嫂很漂亮，是一个善良、内向、坚强的人，既是我的嫂嫂也是我的朋友，经常和我一起玩，我太喜欢我的这个嫂嫂了，我真庆幸哥哥给我找了一个这么好的嫂嫂。

我爱我的家，更爱我的每一个家庭成员。

This period of songhua river flows north river jilin city.

How beautiful she was, white net, the color is simple, but will make you feel shine at the moment. Approached her, as if into another world. She like a shaft of the green long picture, like a mirror, like a huge dragon, like a mothers warm hands, caressing jilin the earth. Is she, has brought up the residents near the river. No! Is raising the whole people in jilin. Without her, we would not have good day now, there will be no happy life now, there will be no happy time now!

The winter in the north, a layer of a layer of water ice, can skate. Only the songhua river is not frozen, so the world called the north only a frozen river. Winter, songhua river, only small wearing green sweater wild ducks, also have other color, in the floating, as if quietly thinking about what profound problem. From time to time to see them move the shoulder, neck, very lovely. Sometimes fly a few water birds, skim over the water, want to skate in the songhua river, ha, that is in the dream.

Summer, I remember once, I went to the rivers edge, wow! Water rose to the place where we walk, a bottom go to, water shoes, I am happy is broken. Is playing with water, there is a crawling leeches, really ugly, scared me; One side to a big sister, using ice cream sticks, fight with leeches, let me have a "zhi dou leeches" drama!

The lijiang river water static, clean, green, let all the letters with admiration, has left many colorful article! I think the author may not have been to jilin, did not witness the songhua river.

[高中英语作文我的家乡哈尔滨

Saving Water

The world is not only hungry,but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75 % of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% -- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes,underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.

However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly-- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small exampie of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel, it takes about 91, 000 liters of water?

We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale. For us, the systems are as important as the spacecraft.

节约用水

我们的世界不仅饥饿，而且因为缺水而干渴。对你来说这可能似乎奇怪：因为我们的地球表面75%由水覆盖着。但是，这巨大的数量中97%是海水、或咸水。只有剩下3%

的来自河流、湖泊、地下，和其他来源的淡水供人们饮用、使用。即使如此，这3%的水源我们也不能够完全使用，因为有些淡水是以冰山或冰河的形式存在。更糟糕的是，一些水源已遭受了污染。

然而，尽管按现状看来，这些少量的淡水即使时常转化成雨水的形式，对我们来说，也仍然够用。可是我们对水的需求却日益迅速增长。我们只有现在采取措施解决这一问

题才能避免未来世界范围内的严重水资源缺乏。限量供水会对农业和工业产生不良的影响。我们举个小小的事例就能证明水对工业的必要性。每生产一吨钢材就要消耗91，000升水，你知道吗?

我们必须杜绝对宝贵水资源的浪费。我们应该采取的第一步就是要发展水再利用的方法。该领域的实验已在进行，但是仅是小规模地进行。水资源再利用系统的重要性

对我们而言，与空间站不相上下。

My name is Helen. I’m eleven years old.

There are three people in my family: my mother , my father and I.

We live in Wenzhou. It is a beautiful city.

My mother is very beautiful. She has long hair , two big eyes , a small nose and a small mouth.

My father is a cook. He is also very busy . He often comes home late. He likes playing football , sometimes he plays with me.

I am a good student. I like English , Math and Computer. I am good at playing the piano , My favorite pet is dogs. I like eating meat. So , I am a little fat. I love my family. We’re all very happy.

[我的家庭的英语作文

Coming all the way up and down in five thousand, the Chinese travel-stained, feet tread is a profound cultural background. But today, a reference to the Chinese traditional etiquette, most people there is no clear concept, and even a this kind of traditional etiquette humanization is out of date. As a result, Chinas etiquette culture is suffering from unprecedented in the past with disdain.

However, the Chinese nation traditional etiquette culture is the practice of the Chinese people for thousands of years to deal with interpersonal relationship, between people conduct guidelines.

Yang, with his xueyou swim juice for the correct answer to go to the teachers house to consult. When the dead of winter, cold, came to ride home, comes at a time when Mr Was sitting by the roadside meditation resting to restore energy, Yang two people dare not to disturb the teacher, respectfully stand outside the door, waiting for Mr Wake up and come here for a long time, wake up, cheng found standing in the wind and snow Yang from the window and saw her again in the snow. At the foot of snow has been after more than a foot. Since then, "ChengMenLiXue" historic 美谈 story is told.

Etiquette is self-critical, in is a kind of specification, is showed to the respect of others. The ancients cloud "not learn ritual, without" the embodiment of the civilization etiquette is not only a man quality, breeding, also is personal morals and embodiment of social ethics.

The eastern han dynasty huang-xiang just nine years old, he know aged respected, filial piety. Cold in the winter, then parents on ones own body after the quilt warm, peaceful to please their parents; In the hot summer, to the parents with a fan fan cool drive midge, to serve parents and peaceful. Huang-xiang seat is in the etiquette of the Chinese traditional filial piety, filial piety, starts from the minor matter.

Over the past century, due to various reasons, some good ethics have been varying degrees of damage. People now have more abundant than in the past to filial piety economic foundation, the heart is gone, his father not overwhelmed, but powerful unintentionally.

The tang dynasty years, wl back to nylon China datang FanGuo, once, back to the nylon countries to show friendly to the datang, sent messengers with a treasure see tangwangshan, one of the most precious is the white swan. On the way, white swan not careful to fly away, the messenger just plucked a few root goose feather, but failed to seize the white swan, angel in fear of goose feather is dedicated to the emperor taizong, tang dynasty didnt blame him, but felt that he is so honest that, from now on, "thousands of miles to send goose feather, courtesy light affective heavy" story to spread.

Chinese traditional etiquette, should be reflect the life style of spiritual value, the record it can make our formalization.

Traditional etiquette is spread for thousands of years of Chinese blood, if clogged arteries, China can only be called is a modern country, and not as China. Extensive and profound Chinese traditional etiquette culture, it is enough to make Chinese and overseas people attract RongYao and proud, it is important the cohesion of the Chinese nation, without it, people will get lost; Without it, China was only an empty shell.

Throughout ancient and modern development of China and other countries, there is no loss of denying yourself a nation traditional etiquette, there is no one would think that their own excellent traditional etiquette is outdated, harmful. And spread the Chinese traditional etiquette culture. Is each Chinese childrens responsibility, only in this way, we can clear conscience to loudly say: "I am a Chinese!"

参考翻译：

上下五千年，中国一路风尘仆仆走来，脚下踏的是深厚的文化底蕴。但在今天，一提及中国传统礼仪，大多数人并没有什么清晰概念，甚至则一位这种传统礼仪人化是过时的东西。因此，中国礼仪文化正在遭受着史无前例的以往与不屑。

然而，中华民族传统礼仪文化是中国人民几千年来处理人际关系的实践结晶，是人与人之间行为规范的准则。

杨时与他的学友游酢为求的正确答案一起去老师家请教。时值隆冬，天寒地冻，来到程家时，适逢先生坐在路旁打坐养神，杨时二人不敢惊动老师，就恭恭敬敬立在门外，等候先生醒来，过来良久，程一觉醒来，从窗口发现侍立在风雪中的杨时，只见她遍身披雪。脚下雪已有一尺多后了。此后，“程门立雪”的故事就成了尊师重道的千古美谈。

礼仪是律己，进人是一种规范，是表现了对他人的尊重。古人云“不学礼，无以立”文明礼仪不仅是个人素质、教养的体现，也是个人道德和社会公德的体现。

东汉黄香仅仅九岁，就懂得尊老爱幼，孝顺父母。在冬天严寒之时，就用自己的身体将父母的被子温暖后，再请父母安寝;在夏日炎热之际，则用扇子给父母扇凉驱蚊，以侍奉父母安寝。黄香温席是在中国传统孝之礼仪，孝顺父母，从小事做起。

近百年来，由于种种原因，一些优秀的伦理道德遭到不同程度的破坏。如今的人们已经有了较之过去更为雄厚的经济基础来孝敬老人，心已经没了，孝敬父母不是有心无力，而是有力无心。

唐朝贞观年间，西城回纶国是大唐的藩国，一次，回纶国为了表示对大唐的友好，派使者带一批珍宝见唐王，其中最珍贵的是白天鹅。途中，白天鹅不谨飞走，使者只拔下几根鹅毛，却没能抓住白天鹅，使者在担心害怕之余吧鹅毛献给了唐太宗，唐代宗并没有怪罪他，反而觉得他忠诚老实，不辱使命，从此，“千里送鹅毛，礼轻情意重”的故事干为流传开来。

中国传统礼仪，应是体现精神价值的生活方式，传录它可以使我们的礼仪化发扬光大。

传统礼仪毕竟是中国传续了几千年的血脉，若血脉堵塞，中国只能被称为是一个现代国，而不能称其为中国了。中国传统礼仪文化博大精深，它足以使国人和海外人引来容耀和自豪，它是中华民族重要的凝聚力，没有它，国人将迷失自我;没有它，中国便只剩下一个空壳。

纵观古今中外各国发展，世上没有一个民族失否定自身传统礼仪的，没有任何一个民族会认为自己的优秀的传统礼仪是过时的，有害的。而传来中国传统礼仪文化。是每个华夏儿女的责任，只有这样，我们才能无愧地大声说：“我是中国人!”

[中华文化的传承英语作文及翻译

Bat falling upon the ground was caught by a Weasel, ofwhom he earnestly besought his life. The Weasel refused,saying, that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. TheBat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, andthus saved his life.

Shortly afterwards the Bat again fellon the ground, and was carght by another Weasel, whom helikewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that hehad a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him thathe was not a mouse, but a bat; and thus a second timeescaped.It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.

一只蝙蝠坠落到地面上来，被一只鼠狼捉住了，蝙蝠哀求讨饶。鼠狼不答应，说它自己最爱和鸟类为敌。蝙蝠便证明它自己不是鸟，只是一只老鼠，因此鼠狼就放了它。

不久这只蝙蝠又坠落到地上来，被另一只鼠狼捉住，它同样地哀求讨饶。那鼠狼说它自己最恨老鼠，蝙蝠证明自己并不是老鼠，而是一只蝙蝠；因此，它第二次又安然地逃离危险了。随机应变乃聪明之举。

[少儿英语作文带翻译：蝙蝠和鼠狼

Mathematics was too difficult for me, the teacher spoke so fast that I

could not understand. I failed every math exam, my dad was very angry, he

wouldnt let me watch TV, or let me go out, I was very sad. The math teacher

always asks me to go to the office and tell me the problem. I am not afraid to

make mistakes, because I can correct them. I keep practicing, speed up my

problem, and dont forget to preview and review. In the most recent exam, I

achieved excellent results in maths. A good learner has many good learning

habits.

数学对我来说太难了，老师讲的太快，以至于我不能听懂。每次数学考试我都不及格，我的爸爸很生气，他不让我看电视，也不让我出去玩，我很难过。数学老师总是让我去办公室，给我讲题。我开始不害怕犯错，因为我还可以改正。我不断的练习，加快了我的做题速度，并且不忘记预习和复习。在最近的一次考试里，我的数学成绩达到了优秀。一个好的学习者有很多好的学习习惯。

One sunny afternoon, when I was merrily riding home, I heard "Help! Help!".

一个晴朗的午后，当我开心地骑车回家时，我听到（有人喊）“救命！救命！”。

I rode to the riverside and found a boy of about five in the river struggling. I jumped into the water, swam to the boy and dragged him to the river bank. The boy said he was trying to catch a fish near the river bank and carelessly fell into the water. I asked him where his home was and sent him home.

我（赶紧）骑到河边，发现一个大约5岁的男孩在河里挣扎。我（马上）跳进水里，游向男孩，并把他拖到岸边。男孩说他（刚刚）是在河边试着抓鱼，（后来），一不小心就掉进水里了。我要到了他家地址，并送他回家。

"Thank you very much!" The boys parents said, when I left his home. Though I got home late that afternoon, I was very happy.

一当我要离开他们家的时候，那个男孩的父母说：“非常谢谢你！”尽管在那个下午，我回家晚了，但我还是很开心的。

High school life is so wonderful for me, and I have made many good friends.

We fight for our future together. As there are so many subjects for me to learn,

I spend most of the time studying knowledge. But deep in my heart, I like sports

so much, especially tennis. When I knew our school had tennis club. I felt so

excited and wanted to be part of it. But the problem was that what if I lagged

behind other students in study as I spent the time on this hobby. At last, I

still decided to join tennis club, because I wanted to do something special and

enriched my high school life. I tried hard to make plans for my study. At the

same time, I spared some time to play tennis. I found the balance and enjoyed

the thing l liked.

I’m looking forward to the coming of my winter holiday. In order to have a

good time in the vacation, I have made a plan for it. At first, my mother must

ask me to do homework. If I don’t follow her words, I wouldn’t have peace in the

following days until I finish my homework. So the first thing I will do in the

winter holiday is to finish my homework. And then I will take full use of my

time to go out play with my friends, because I will have to help my mother to

prepare for the Spring Festival when it’s in the corner. Three days before

Spring Festival, I will go to my grandmother’s home for a visit with my parents.

After the Spring Festival I am going to travel with my family. As for where to

go, I don’t have any plan now. Maybe we will go to Harbin to the snow. Being the

southern local person, I have never seen snow and eager to see it once. After

the trip, I think I have to go back to school. This is my plan for the coming

winter vacation. What’s yours?

Everybody has a daily schedule. We do the same things almost every day. My

day is probaly like yours.

每个人都有日程安排。每天，我们总是做着相同的事情。我的一天就有可能像你们一样。

Heres my daily routine. I get up at 6:30 every morning. I take my time

waking up,but then I wash up quickly. I brush my teeth,comb my hair and put on

school uniform. I pack my bag for school and I leave. I never miss breakfast,so

I either eat at home or eat on the way to school. But I always eat hurry. After

school,I go to a cram school like all my friends. I study and finish my homework

for the day. Finally,I go home and I take a break. I have dinner with my

family,watch a little TV. I am usually in bed by 9:30.

这个就是我的日常安排，每天早上6点30起床。我花了一些时间起床，然后很快地洗漱完毕。我刷牙、梳头发以及穿上校服。我整理好书包后离开(家)。我从来不会不吃早餐，所以我可以在家或在去学校的路上吃早餐。但我总是吃得很匆忙。放学后，我就像我的朋友那样去补习学校(学习)。我学习并完成了当天的作业。最后，我回家并休息了会儿。我与家人一起吃晚饭，看一会儿电视。我常常在9点半的时候上床睡觉。

This is my routine from Monnday to Friday. However,the weekends are

different. I can wake up late. Then. I can do whatever I like. I believe my

routine is typical. It is probably a lot like yours.

这就是我从周一到周五的例行日程。可是，周末(安排)就不一样了。我可以很晚起床。然后我可以做任何我喜欢的事。我相信我的日程是很典型的。这就可能与你们的日程非常相似。

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAns post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers " to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

故事出自《史记汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

This morning I had a funny look into the matter. A dog in the ice dancing

"ballet." The dog dancing on the ice to slide to slide, and accidentally hit the

slide. Open limbs, good or funny. May be unexpected happened, it carefully stood

up! Forelegs, but a slip back a Gouchi Shi. Ridiculous, it is a very funny!

今天早上，我看看到了一件滑稽事。一只狗在冰上跳“芭蕾”。那只狗手舞足蹈的在冰面上滑来滑去，一不小心打了滑。四肢张开，好是滑稽。可让人意想不到是发生了，它小心翼翼地站起来了!可是前腿一打滑又来了一个狗吃屎。笑死人了，简直是太滑稽了

I miss you very much, Mum.

I have left you for four days. Maybe it is really a short time. But I feel it is too long. I found that I couldn’t do a lot of things without you. For example, I couldn’t wash my clothes clean. It is too hard for me. I felt it is too troublesome and toilsome, but I’m sixteen years old now. I must be independent. So, Mum, I don’t know what’s what and I’m very stubborn. Sometimes, I disobeied your desire, which made you very angry. Now, I regret it. When I see some white hair in your head, I felt very sad. You are not young nay more. Sometimes you look very haggard. I know that’s because you give too much. You always concerned with my school record, healthy and a lot of other things. My school record always made you very sad. That’s my falt. I’m sorry.

Mum, you are too labbrious. You must have a good rest. I come of my ago now. I will correct my mistakes. You can rest assured!

Mum, I wish you good health and happy. I love you! Mum!(www.kuaidu.com.cn)

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

August 7,2014 Friday Today, I did housework for grandmother. She is not

very healthy and I decide to do housework for her more frequently. And she will

feel happy and become better. Suddenly, an idea hit me that it’s terrible to

grow old becuase you have to worry about both your health and others’ opinions.

Once again, I make a decision to be a good girl.

译文：今天，我帮助了奶奶做家务。奶奶的身体不好。我以后要常帮她做事。这样她就会高兴身体也会好一些。突然觉得，人老了真不好。不但身体不会好，而且一不小心就会惹得大家讨厌。我又做了一个决定，以后一定要做个乖孩子。

This is a good start, the world for her coming lit up all the lights in between heaven and earth, she picked up the breeze of the pen, draw the mind carpet of flowers of the earth. In this world, the spring is coming.

Start from now, the world is like open space, after she started her unique prosperous. All things recovery, the creatures of the world have started to busy to complete the mission of nature gives them, to life hard for the prosperity in the world, the flowers grass grow hard, that used to sorrow, now taken on a new look! The cold night, be light cut, deported from warm, everything begins to exclamation busy!

Arrogance arrogance was away, instead, the tenderness of spring, gentle hand to comfort the frightened animals, leading them go out of his house; Spring breeze gently calling underground) awoken elf, they go up from the soil, eventually turned into a small animals like to eat fruit, to appease these lovely children of nature.

The small pool in the distance, the duck mother followed by many cute little duck, the happy fish swimming in the water, the water unconsciously become very warm. Nearby, in the warm sunshine, the petals flying in the sunshine, full of the flower branches near the grass. Those beautiful flowers, as long as gently touch will have dropped.

Then under the sky began to rain, accompanied by more and more rapid "tick tick" melody, rain, and the fairies began to scour the chill of evil, for you weave with air of filar silk cool and refreshing, this is the beginning of spring.

这是一个美好的开始，世界因她的来临点亮了天地之间所有的灯，她拿起微风的笔，画出心目中繁花似锦的大地。在这个世界里，春天来临了。

从此刻开始，世界就像初开的宇宙，开始了她独特的繁华。万物复苏，世界的生灵们开始忙碌的完成大自然给予它们的使命，为了世间的繁华努力生活，花儿草儿拼命生长，那曾经凄清之地，现在焕然一新!那寒冷的夜，被光芒划破，被温暖驱逐，万物开始感叹繁华!

嚣张的气焰被赶走，取而代之的是春天的温柔，温和的手安慰着受惊的动物们，引领它们放心大胆走出自己的家;春风轻声呼唤着地下沉眠的小精灵，它们从土壤中奋发向上，最终变成了小动物们爱吃的果实，来安抚这些大自然的可爱的孩子们。

远处的小池边，鸭子妈妈后面跟着许多乖巧可爱的小鸭子，水中的鱼儿欢快的游着，池水在不知不觉中变得十分温暖。近处，在温暖的阳光照耀下，花瓣在阳光下飞舞，开满花的树枝几乎垂到青草上。那些美丽的花儿，只要轻轻一碰就会纷纷落下。

这时的天空开始下微雨，伴随着越来越急促的“嘀嗒嘀嗒”的旋律声时，雨，这个小精灵开始冲刷罪恶的寒气，换来用空气织出的丝丝清凉，这就是春天的开始。

The generation gap refers to the difference in attitude toward thing or the

lack of understanding between young people and older folks.

In families as well as in society, the young and the older may not agree

with each other on this and that from time to time. Young people would llke to

make as much money as they could and spend as much money as they could earn

while older folks are easily satisfied with what they earn and save as much as

possible. Young people llke the exciting and deafening pop music while older

folks prefer melodious folk-songs or classic music. A boy and a glrl today may

fall in love with each other as quick as lightning, while their parents or grand

parents might trudge over a long distance before they kissed each other and

became lovers when they were young.

However, we should not be amazed at the generation gap,for it is quite

natural in the development of society. The world is a changing world, in which

everything keeps changing, generations of human beings included. And changes

lead to progress.

Dear Miss Jiang,

I am writing to share my ideas about our English class. Now, our main

material in the class is the textbook, which is reasonable. But I think we can

get some other resources, such as English magazines, songs, movies and so on. We

can learn the basic knowledge from out textbook, and get some more from other

materials. In addition, those materials are more authentic and practical, which

will be useful to our learning. Besides, by doing so, we can get more fun from

learning and develop our interest to English. Please take good consideration of

my advice. Thank you!

Sincerely yours

Bella

尊敬的蒋老师：

您好!我写信是想和你谈谈我对英语课的想法。现在我们上课用的主要材料是课本，这是合理的。但是我认为我们可以获取一些其他资源，比如英语杂志，歌曲，电影等等。我们可以从课本上学到基本的知识，同时从其他材料获取更多知识。另外，那些材料更真实和实用，这对于我们的学习会有好处的。此外，通过这样做我们可以从学习中获得更多乐趣从而培养我们对英语的兴趣。请您认真考虑我的建议，谢谢!

Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. I was appreciating the beautiful lake when a scene that didn’t go with its harmony came into my eyes. A couple were cheering loudly on a boat, letting out the noise disturbing all the visitors around. They even threw litter and spat into the water, completely ignoring the sign nearby “No throwing litter into the lake!”

How could they lack public morality so much? I felt sad about them. And I was totally against what they did.

Every individual should think about others’ feelings and avoid polluting the environment while they are enjoying the beautiful scenery; otherwise the Fairy Lake Park would not be fairy at all and lake might be a pool of dirty dead water some day. Therefore we should mind our behavior in public places so that the environment in public places will be more and more beautiful.

译文

上周日，我去和我的朋友在仙女湖公园观光。我很欣赏美丽的湖时，一个场景，不去与和谐进入我的眼睛。一对夫妇被大声欢呼，船上的噪声干扰，让所有参观者。他们甚至扔垃圾，吐入水，完全无视标志附近的“不乱扔垃圾入湖!“

他们怎么可能缺乏公德这么多?我感到悲伤，他们。我是完全反对他们做了什么。

每一个人都应该考虑别人的感受，避免污染环境而他们享受美丽的风景;否则，仙女湖公园不会仙女在所有和湖是一池的水脏死了有一天。因此我们应该注意我们在公共场所的行为，在公共场所的环境会越来越漂亮。

Today is New Years Eve morning， firecrackers sounding snap snap away. As long as you take a look at the outside， red firecrackers everywhere， come together to form a Red Sea. The family have their own homes going up in the beautiful， it seems like in the match. My family is no exception， sweeping， glass， cabinets， such as rubbing. Prepare the arrival of the New Year. 今天是除夕，上午，鞭炮声劈啪劈啪的响个不停。只要你向外面看一看，到处都是红红的鞭炮，汇成了一条红海。各家人都把自己家打扮的漂漂亮亮的，好像在比美似的。我家也不例外，扫地、擦玻璃、擦柜子等。准备新年的到来。 Afternoon， we posted in accordance with the custom of the Chinese New Year couplets， father and a good paste， and then said to me： "I paste you posted， I looked at the high level you say rich， said that if the lower rising good you "， I asked my father why? Dad said： "The plan is a lucky，" "Oh， I understand，" We posted on the Alliance are： evil Hongfu family happy is： wang gas people to come into everything. 下午，我们就按过年的习俗贴春联，爸爸和好浆糊，然后对我说：“我贴你看着高低我贴高了你就说‘发财’，如果低了就说‘高升’好吗”，我问爸爸为什么呢?爸爸说：“就是图个吉祥”，“噢我懂了”我们贴的上联是：家有宏福千般喜，下联是：人来 旺气万事成。 End paste New Year， we began dumplings. Good luck to Tim， we are still a dumpling in a bag of coins. Dinner， my folder， a Dumpling， one to eat， "cough，" the voice of a coin吃出for my whole family applauded， and say that I am lucky this year. After dumplings， we saw the Chinese New Year Festival， my favorite essay nd "yellow soybeans." Liu Qian first a one-dollar coins into the cup， then into the host egg rings. "Bean yellow" in a person to "take off clouds" that they "Li Xiangyun" really funny. No wonder people say： "Spring Festival Evening Show" is a cultural feast. 贴完春联，我们就开始包饺子。为了添吉祥，我们还在一个饺子里包了一个硬币。吃晚饭时，我夹了一个饺子，一吃 “咯”的一声，吃出一个硬币全家人都为我鼓掌，说我今年有福气。吃完饺子，我们又