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1000弘扬朱子文化传承中华美德小学生书信
全文共 1802 字
+ 加入清单“东周出孔丘,南宋有朱熹。中国古文化,泰山和武夷。”这是著名学者蔡尚思对文化巨匠朱熹的评价。朱熹博览群书,融会诸家,体察社情民意,著述讲学,建立了完整的理学体系,被世人尊称为朱子。出生于尤溪的朱熹,一生大部分时间在武夷山一带度过,并在风景秀丽的九曲溪畔辟有一所书院——武夷精舍,在此一边写作,一边讲学,给后人留下了丰富的文化遗产。
今天,我们从朱子思想中可以汲取什么营养?朱子学对现代社会和现代生活有什么价值和意义?本月初,武夷书院讲坛在武夷山开讲,“朱子学第一人”、清华大学国学院院长陈来,朱熹后裔、华东师范大学古籍研究所教授朱杰人,从不同角度解码朱子思想。让我们跟随学者的脚步,穿越时空,亲近大师。
文化继往开来、传承创新的典范
儒家思想的特色之一,就是具有强烈的文化传承自觉,在不断传承五经的过程中,发展新的诠释,适应时代和文化的挑战。“宋代道学是儒家发展的新形态,以朱子为中心的宋儒理学特别强调传承道统的意识,对‘学绝道丧’特别忧患,‘学绝道丧’就是文化传承的中断,这对今天重续文化传承和价值传承有重要启示。”“文化传承最核心的是价值观。中华文化在几千年的发展中,形成了一套相当完整的价值体系。这一套体系是中华民族刚健不息、厚德载物精神的价值基础和根源。”陈来认为,朱子广泛继承了儒家的学术文化,对古代文化作了全面的整理,对四书的集结和诠释几乎花费了毕生精力,是文化继往开来、传承创新的典范,这是近1000年来无人可与之相比的。
在陈来看来,朱子思想中最重要的“格物致知”理论,是对儒家“学习”思想的一种哲学论证和展开。朱熹用“即物穷理”来解释格物,提出格物就是要穷理,也就是去了解事物的道理;穷理必须在事物上穷,不能脱离事物。“即物穷理”的主要途径就是多读书、观察事物、思考其道理。
朱熹仕宦九载,立朝御前46天,上书请辞64次,把毕生的精力都花在了研究、著述、授教之上,“绝意仕途,以继二程绝学为己任,奋发读书著述”。朱熹参与创建、修复、讲学、题记的书院有64所,其中自建4所。武夷书院原名武夷精舍,由朱熹亲自擘画、营建,宋淳熙十年(1183年)建成。据记载,自武夷书院建成后,武夷山理学学术活动空前活跃。中国古代四大书院中的白鹿洞书院和岳麓书院,都和朱熹的讲学与教育实践有关。
陈来认为,朱子是中国传统文人士大夫的杰出代表。朱子学的对象主要是士人,朱子学的宗旨是为士人提供一套道德学问思想体系,因此朱子强调“学习”“读书”的性格,与其宗旨相一致。以古代朱子学的标准来看,现代人的受教育程度都超过小学而属于“大学”,所以重视《大学》的朱子学适用于当今社会的几乎所有人。
在朱子思想中,其教育理念同样具有现代意义。“从《论语训蒙口义》到《四书章句集注》,多数朱子的经典解释著作都着眼于学生的经典学习,这使得朱子的著作在今天通识教育的经典学习中仍有参考意义。”陈来说。
为儒学补上宇宙论和心性论的缺口
康熙曾给武夷精舍赐一块匾额,上书“学达性天”。从事朱子文化研究已有26载的朱杰人认为,这四个字把朱子一生最重要的贡献写出来了,意思是朱子的学问达到了人性和宇宙的本源,为一度被边缘化的儒学补上了宇宙论和心性论的缺口。
陈来指出,朱熹论道德的思想有许多在今天仍有借鉴意义。如朱熹关于理性与欲望、道理原则与个人私欲关系的看法。朱熹阐发了古代“道心唯做,人心唯危”的思想,认为“人心”与生俱来。但如果“无所主宰,留而忘返”,社会就会“危”。要使人心不致危害社会,就应该用“道心”主宰“人心”。朱熹认为道心的特点是公,即反映了社会公共的道德法则。
“朱熹在那个时代,还没有从加强法制以约束人的行为来考虑,所以朱熹的方法是完全诉诸道德,这是理学的局限性,但突出道德意识的重要性还是难能可贵的。”陈来说。
朱熹和理学还提出“天理”和“人欲”的问题。朱熹认为,欲望应当受道德原则的制约。“所谓‘存天理、灭人欲’,就是坚持道德不能建立在欲望的基础上,必须建立在理性主宰、责任意识、美德培养之上,主张用反映社会共同要求的道德原则来克服违背公共道德的私欲,把外在的道德规范化为人体的内在自觉。”陈来指出,这在当今社会仍有重要的意义。
“当然,在理性和欲望的关系方面,朱熹对有些问题的处理并不完满,他比较忽视欲望和生命力的满足,未能重视理性和欲望也有统一的一面。”陈来说,整体而言,朱熹的思想对封建时代的精神文明和民族精神发展起了积极的作用。
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+ 加入清单another new term comes again,so i should have a study plan to promot myself.
firstly,i descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.and pay more attention to the knowledge which i didnt know it clearly.
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+ 加入清单I have a lot of happy things, but I feel most happy is my six birthday.
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篇5:小学四年级英语作文myhobbies
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+ 加入清单Go to an Academy
Date:Sun.,Mar.12 Waether:Cloudy
I do badly in math.
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参加补习班
日期:3月12日 星期日 天气:多云
我数学很差。
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译文:今天天气晴朗比较热。我起得很早,帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。下午我和朋友去我家最近的游泳池游泳。在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很有趣。
篇11:小学暑假计划英语作文
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+ 加入清单导语:每当暑假一到,我都会很高兴.想到有两个月的时间可以不用上课,那简直就是一年当中最美好的时光了。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
Im happy to have such a good summer holiday!Of course,I have many things to prepare.
First,I need to make a plan about my holiday.I will do my homework 5 hours a day,and I want to read some famous English books to improve myEnglish.
Then, I will see some funny comedies. They can relax myself!
If I have enough time,I will go to the beach.I will go there with my parents and cousins.Well stay there for three days. We also will do a lot of things there,for examper,playingvolleyball ,windsurfing ,having barbecue at night.and so on.The trip will be the most wonderful one that I have ever have been going.
I will try my best to do these tings! I hope I have a good time 。
【参考译文】
我很高兴有这样一个好暑假!当然,我有许多事情要准备。
首先,我要制定计划关于我的假期。我将要做我的家庭作业每天5个小时,我想读一些著名的英文书籍,来提高我的英语。
然后,我将会看一些有趣的喜剧。他们能使我放松!
如果我有足够的时间,我将会去海滩。我将和我父母和堂(表)兄弟姐妹。我们会在那里待三天。我们也将会在这儿做很多事情,例如,打沙滩排球,冲浪,在晚上烧烤,等等。这次旅行将会是我曾经去过的一个极好的地方。
我将尽我最大的努力做这些事!我希望我过得开心。
我的暑假计划英语作文
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+ 加入清单I have a nice friend. His name is Roy. He lives in XieQiao. He’s 12 years old and his birthday is in March. He speaks Chinese. He can speak English, too. He’s short. His hair is short. He wears a pair of yellow glasses. He likes swimming in the river in summer. Swimming can make him happy. His math and English are very good. Sometimes he teaches me math. Usually I read books with him. He will be my good friend forever.
我有一个很好的朋友。他的名字叫罗伊。他住在谢桥。他12岁,他的生日是在3月。他会说汉语也会说英语。他不高。他的头发是短的。他带着一副黄色的眼镜。他喜欢在夏天到河里游泳。游泳能使他开心。他的数学和英语都很好。有时他教我数学。我常常跟他一起看书。他永远都是我的好朋友。
篇13:英语作文关于压力小学
全文共 1299 字
+ 加入清单In modern society, most people are under the higher pressure than ever
before and some people cannot handle the stress well and choose some extreme
ways to avoid or settle their stress.However, is stress a bad thing? As far as I
am concerned, everything has two coins, and we also need to realize it from two
aspects.
For one thing, stress is a kind of mental burden caused by nervousness or
anxiety. In modern society, stress is mostly caused by the high requirements or
heavy burden from surroundings or us, such as stress from peers or stress in
economy. If we cannot handle the stress well, we would be easy to be in a
negative mood and lost our motivation and courage to keep going or struggle with
difficulties. In this aspect, stress is a threat for our body and mental.
However, for another, stress can also be changed into a kind of motivation
if we handle it well. For example, when you find that you are surpassed by your
classmates in an examination, you feel stressful but at the same time, you also
tell yourself that you need to work harder to surpass him next time. Under this
stress, you will find yourself have more motivation and energy to study. In this
point, stress is a propeller for us to get more improvements.
Thus, we need to use a dialectical method to treat stress and handle it
properly。
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+ 加入清单Music is part of our life, nearly everybody will listen to the music, no
matter what nation they are from. Music is divided into many types, such as the
blues, the country music, the rock and roll. Once blues belonged to the black
people, but as time went by, music is accepted by all classes. People always
share the hottest songs together, just like they can communicate. Once in the
foreign country, I had dinner in a restaurant, where there had the singers.
People enjoyed the music when they were eating. At this moment, it was music
that brought people together, and they share the same emotion.
篇15:10:秋天的果园小学生英语作文
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+ 加入清单Autumn came! Autumn came to the mountains and plains; autumn came to the village farmland; autumn also came to the orchard. Autumn orchard fruitful, autumn orchard filled with mature and harvest, autumn orchard people intoxicated!
Autumn orchards are colorful. You look! The orchard, fruit ripe, persimmon, pomegranate, apple, pear you squeeze me touch, as if to fight people to pick it! Persimmon smile red face, like a small lanterns hanging on the branches. Pomegranate laughed his mouth, red fruit like a red agate. The apple was covered with branches and the heavy fruit bent over the branches, like a shy little girl, hiding under the leaves, and was reluctant to come out. Huang Chengcheng pears hanging crystal clear dew, facing the morning sun, reflecting the dazzling light, as if to say: "Do you want to bite me?" Autumn is the fruit show the season.
Autumn orchard is really beautiful! I love the fall of the orchard, more love autumn orchard to bring people the joy of harvest!
篇16:有关圣诞节英语作文小学
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+ 加入清单For most western countries, Christmas Day is the biggest festival, and all
the people will have the long vacation, just as Spring Festival in China. With
the development of globalization, Christmas Day is celebrated by people around
the world. When the day comes, Christmas trees can be seen in many shops and
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love Christmas is that they can get the great discounts from some products,
which saves them a lot of money. For American people, Christmas Day is the great
moment for the families to get together and enjoy the family hour, while for
some people they just treat it as the shopping day.
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+ 加入清单I love my campus, the beautiful campus.
In school, teaching building eight golden characters on the wall are greeted, "harmonious, bold and unrestrained, exploration, innovation", this is the school motto of our school.
Right, foot on the way with the stones of cobblestone, unknowingly came to the gallery. Corridors, greeted the vine climb to the top of gallery to for students to keep out the sun. The class was over, the students all like to play here. The park has a small bamboo forest, spring, small bamboo forests of bamboo shoots crowds of his head.
Go further to the right, it is the playground of school. Have children in the rope skipping, running on the playground... there are a large camphor tree, spring, pulled out big camphor tree buds, summer big camphor tree is like a big green umbrella, to shade the students. In winter, at school, large camphor tree was covered with snow, like a big white hat. Big camphor tree is very charming all the year round, the classmates all like to go there to play, after gym class. Big camphor tree is like a kindly grandfather, to meet us to school every day, has watched the us to leave.
Campus, in the most distinctive is the teaching building of the hall, walked into the hall, the most noteworthy is that hung on the hall on top of the "west", "west" with photo is miyoshi students, the teacher I hope we can spread your wings and fly like a bird.
A circle around the school, you should be familiar with my campus is a bit, then please come to my school to watch!
我爱我的校园,这个美丽的校园。
走进校门,教学楼墙上的八个金光闪闪的大字映入眼帘,“和谐、奔放、探究、创新”,这是我们学校的校训。
向右走,脚踩在用一颗颗鹅卵石铺成的石子路上,不知不觉来到了长廊。长廊里,密密麻麻的藤攀上了廊顶,为同学们遮挡太阳。下课了,同学们都喜欢到这里玩。公园里有一片小竹林,春天到了,小竹林里的笋成群的探出头来。
再往右走,便是学校的操场。有小朋友在跳绳、跑步······操场上还有一棵大樟树,春天,大樟树抽出来新芽,夏天大樟树像一把绿色的大伞,为同学们遮阳。冬天,下学了,大樟树上盖满了雪,就像一顶巨大的白帽子。大樟树一年四季都非常迷人,同学们上完体育课时都喜欢去那儿玩耍、嬉戏。大樟树就像一位慈祥的老爷爷,每天迎接我们上学,有目送着我们离开。
校园里,最有特色的要数教学楼里的大厅了,走进大厅,最引人注意的是那挂在厅顶上的“西子鸟”,“西子鸟”上贴的都是三好学生的照片,老师希望我们能像小鸟一样展翅飞翔。
绕了学校一圈,你应该对我的校园有点熟悉了吧,那么就请来我的学校细细观赏吧!
篇18:正确使用网络英语
全文共 929 字
+ 加入清单Therapid development of the Internet in China has brought us great convenience in our daily life and work. We can send e-mail or even talk to our friends or parents via the Net. We can get whatever we need on line. So some people think we can learn all we need on the Internet.
But I do not agree with this opinion, because sometimes I find many students play the computer games, or talk about love affairs through the Net, which makes them fall behind others in study. In my opinion, the Internet should be a good tool for us to communicate with others rather than an invention for fun. What’s more, it will do harm to us instead of good if we spend too much time looking at a computer.
In summary, it would be very difficult to learn if you dont have a teacher. Also you should pay attention to the importance of working together in a class.So I hope every student values this great invention and makes good use of it.
篇19:关于我的烦恼英语作文小学
全文共 415 字
+ 加入清单I have a lot of troubles, such as going to school, homework, and parents’
ramble. They like the stars in the sky. I am afraid of the darkness. This is my
biggest trouble. At night, I am fear of going out alone. And when my parents
sleep, I even can’t go to the toilet. Therefore, I never drink water before
sleep. And I always turn on the light when I am sleeping. I know it’s not good
but I can’t sleep in the darkness.
篇20:小学英语日记
全文共 686 字
+ 加入清单忙碌的星期天
Last week , I had a busy Sunday.
I got up at six oclock at first ,Then ,I must washed my face and brushed
my teeth in ten minutes,Following,I need for breakfast .My breakfast was very
delicious ,so I ate them fast.After this,I went out and went played basketball
with my best friend ,Tom ,in the school playground .We knew many tempering is
good to health, so we can train each week together .In the noon,I went home and
cooked my lunch by myself ,then ate it .In the afternoon ,I stayed at home .I
read books and did my homework three hours .I n the evening ,it is mountain in
the sun ,I began to washed my dirty clothes .At the oclock ,I went to bed and
had a rest.
How a busy day it is !