小学英语书信的正确格式范文通用20篇

示例一：

Dear____,

There will a _____(内容) at/in______(地点) on____(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.

The occasion will start at _______(具体时间). This will be followed by a ____(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，__________(另一个安排)

I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ______(通知你的最后期限)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

A man can die but once.

人生只有一次死。

A match will set fire to a large building.

星星之火，可以燎原。

A miss is as good as a mile.

失之毫厘，差之千里。

A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

开头不好，结尾必糟。

A man can not spin and reel at the same time.

一心不能二用。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

困难和不幸不能使人富有，却能使人聪明。

A word to the wise is enough.

聪明人不用细说。

A good beginning makes a good ending.

欲善其终 , 必先善其始。

After rain comes fair weather.

否极泰来。

A body without knowledge is like a house without a foundation.

人无知犹如房屋无基。

A door must be either shut or open.

门不关就得开，二者必居其一。 / 非此即彼。

A little body often harbors a great soul.

浓缩的都是精品。

A man can do no more than he can.

凡事只能量力而行。

A merry heart goes all the way.

心情愉快，办事痛快。

An honest man‘s word is as good as his bond.

君子一言，驷马难追。

All roads lead to Rome.

处处有路通长安。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

一天一个苹果，医生不来找我。

A man is never too old to learn.

活到老，学到老。

A little labour, much health.

常常走动，无病无痛。

A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept.

蛋糕莫保留，坏习气要除掉。

A life without a friend is a life without a sun.

人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有阳光。

A little learning is a dangerous thing.

浅学寡识是件危险的事。

Act fairly by all men.

一视同仁。

A little of everything, and nothing at all.

样样皆通，样样稀松。

A picture is a poem without words.

画为无言诗。

A word spoken cannot be recalled.

一言说出，难以收回。

A little is better than none.

有一点总比没有好。

A good medicine tastes bitter.

良药苦口，忠言逆耳。

A little help is worth a deal of pity.

一次行动胜过一筐空话。

All beginnings are hard.

万事开头难。

A book is like a garden carried in the pocket.

书是随时携带的花园。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是第二个自我。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.

蜡烛照亮了别人，燃尽了自己。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作而无娱乐会使人愚钝。

A good conscience is a continual feast.

白日不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。

A good name is better than riches.

好名誉胜过有财富

A bad workman always blames his tools.

劣工咎器。

A snow year, a good year.

瑞雪兆丰年。

An evil lesson is soon learned.

学坏容易。

A lazy youth, a lousy age.

少年懒惰，老来贫苦。

A work ill done must be twice done.

工作未干好，只得重返工。

After supper walk a mile.

饭后百步走，活到九十九。

An empty bag cannot stand upright.

空袋子放不真。

A tree is known by its fruit.

观其行而知其人。

All things are difficult before they are easy.

万事开头难。

A good medicine tastes bitter.

良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。

All men can‘t be first.

并非所有的都能获第一。

A thousand mile trip begins with one step.

千里之行，始于足下。

导语：你有写日记的习惯吗?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于日记的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

小学六年级英语作文：My Day(4篇)

My Day 1

May first is a Sunday. And it is the Labor’s Day. My mother said to me :“Open your eyes!And look out of the window. What a fine day! Let’s go to park,” So my mother, my classmate and I went to the park. We took some foods in my schoolbag. On the way to the park. I saw the blue sky with snow-white clouds. I saw pear trees and some apple trees and so on. Below the trees, there are several kinds of flowers. It’s colorful, blue, red, yellow, pink, purple, orange and white. I saw some balloons and butterflies in the sky. I ate popcorn, cornflakes, banana and lollipop. They were wonderful.

In the afternoon, we went to the zoo. I visited the birds, mice, cats, dogs, budgies, hamsters, rabbits and so on.

May Day is my favorite day!

My Day 2

I had a wonderful holiday at spring festival . I went to the park with my friends . We met at eight o‘clock at the school gate . We went to the park by bike .It was a beautiful day . We sat under a big tree and chated with each other . We took about some movies and some fun things . We had lunch there . We ate hamburgers and some drinks , but I know they are not healthy and not good for us . Then we played some games .

We were all fell tired ,but we were very happy ! It was great fun !

My Day 3

Today is Monday. I get up at 6:00. I have my breakfast at about 6:30.Then I clean my room, wash my face and brush my teeth. I have noodles for breakfast. I go to school at 7:00. I do morning exercises at 7:50.We have four classes in morning. At 11:30, I’m very hungry. I have lunch at school. I go to bed at 12:00 in the noon. We have three classes in the afternoon. I have computer class and art classes. I like them very much. I go home at 5:30. I do homework after school. My sister、brother and I watch TV at 8:00 in the evening. Then I wash my face and brush my teeth. I go to bed at 10:00.

My Day 4

Today is Sunday. It is sunny. I don‘t go to school. I want go shopping. I get up at 6:30 in the morning.I have some cereal and an egg for breakfast. I go out at 8:00. The shop is near . I go there on foot. Many people are in the shop. I buy a pencil . At 12:00 I go home for lunch. I have some vegetable and meat for lunch. I read a book in the afternoon. I eat some noodles and fruit for supper. After supper, I do my homework. then I watch TV. Later, I play on the computer. I lie on my bed. I listen to the radio. I have a happy day.

翻译

我的1天

5月1日是星期日。今天是劳动节。妈妈对我说：“睁开你的眼睛!望向窗外。多好的天气啊!让我们去公园吧，“所以我的妈妈，我和我的同学去了公园。我们在书包里拿了一些食物。在去公园的路上。我看见蓝天白云。我看见梨树和一些苹果树等等。树下有几种花。它是五颜六色的，蓝色，红色，黄色，粉色，紫色，橙色和白色。我看见一些气球和蝴蝶在天空中。我吃了爆米花，玉米片，香蕉和棒棒糖。他们是美妙的。

下午，我们去了动物园。我参观了鸟类，老鼠，猫，狗，鹦鹉，仓鼠，兔子等。

五一节是我最喜欢的一天!

我的2天

在春节我度过了一个美妙的假期。我和我的朋友去公园。我们八点在学校门口见面。我们骑自行车去公园，那是一个美丽的日子。我们坐在一棵大树下互相聊天。我们拍了一些电影和一些有趣的事情。我们在那里吃午饭。我们吃汉堡包和一些饮料，但我知道他们不健康，对我们不好。然后我们玩了一些游戏。

我们都累了，但我们很高兴!这很有趣!

我的3天

今天是星期一。我6点起床。我大约在：6分58秒30.then我打扫我的房间吃早饭，洗脸刷牙。我早餐吃面条。我七点钟去上学。我做早操在7 50.we在早上有四节课。11:30，我很饿。我在学校吃午饭。我中午12点上床睡觉。我们下午有三节课。我上电脑课和美术课。我非常喜欢他们。我5:30回家。放学后我做作业。我姐姐、弟弟和我晚上8点看电视。然后我洗脸刷牙。我10点上床睡觉。

我的4天

今天是星期日。是晴天。我不上学。我想去购物。我早上6点半起床，早餐吃麦片粥和鸡蛋。我8点出去。商店在附近。我步行去那里。许多人在商店里。我买了一支铅笔。中午12点我回家吃午饭。我午饭吃了一些蔬菜和肉。我下午读了一本书。晚饭我吃面条和水果。晚饭后，我做作业。然后我看电视。后来，我在电脑上玩。我躺在床上。我听收音机。我有一个快乐的日子。

Sent away the hot summer, ushered in the cool autumn, autumn, layering make dye, stacked stream of gold, the most beautiful should be the number of orchards.

You see, the fruit of the orchard started a game of beauty. The first one is talking orange, it said: "You see, we are all wearing a yellow robe, more prestige Yeah." "Well! We are the most beautiful, we are all purple Yingying, crystal clear in the sun , The more beautiful! "The grape went on. Pomegranate grinned and said with a smile: "My mouth is hidden, but the beautiful ruby Oh!" "We are the most beautiful, wearing red cheongsam." Apple does not convinced, "my pulp with boiled A boiled, but also good for people with diarrhea! We are the most useful. "" My flesh sweet and delicious, many varieties. "Grapefruit bravely said. "Hey, do not leave me, my shape is beautiful, some round, some like a gourd, the fruit is also very good, you can eat directly, you can also and rock sugar stew to eat, cough. I was the most useful "Pear proudly said ... ... fruit in the orchard you squeeze me touch, to show off their own beauty, their own use, calling the fruit growers as soon as possible to pick.

Autumn is a colorful season, I love autumn, more love autumn orchard.

①称呼：顶格，有的还可以加上一定的限定、修饰词，如亲爱的等。

②问候语：如写“你好”、“近来身体是否安康”等。独立成段，不可直接接下文。否则，就会违反构段意义单一的要求，变成多义段了。

③正文。这是信的主体，可以分为若干段来书写。

④祝颂语。以最一般的“此致”、“敬礼”为例。“此致”可以有两种正确的位置来进行书写，一是紧接着主体正文之后，不另起段，不加标点;二是在正文之下另起一行空两格书写。“敬礼”写在“此致”的下一行，顶格书写。后应该加上一个惊叹号，以表示祝颂的诚意和强度。 称呼和祝颂语后半部分的顶格，是对收信人的一种尊重。是古代书信“抬头”传统的延续。古人书信为竖写，行文涉及对方收信人姓名或称呼，为了表示尊重，不论书写到何处，都要把对方的姓名或称呼提到下一行的顶头书写。它的基本做法，为现代书信所吸收。

⑤具名和日期。写信人的姓名或名字，写在祝颂语下方空一至二行的右侧。最好还要在写信人姓名之前写上与收信人的关系，如儿×××、父×××、你的朋友×××等。再下一行写日期。 如果忘了写某事，则可以在日期下空一行、再空两格写上“又附”，再另起行书写未尽事宜。

12 March 2006

Dear Sir,

I am highly disappointed in the proposed 2004-05 budget cuts to educa1ion. Taking away basic aid status and slashing our school budgets is a recipe for educational disaster in our school. The future lies with our children. They must have access to high quality educa1ion.

My husband and I have worked hard to be able to live in a school district that provides high quality education for our children. Cutting funding in districts like ours will have a negative impact on property values.

The school that my daughter attends is hardly wha1 I would describe as a "rich" school. Parents are asked to pay for books for all the classes, science supplies and for their students to participate in the performing arts among other items. If our school is to remain a world leader in technological development, cutting our school funds is the worst possible choice to make.

Education funds should not be diverted away from education.

Yours faithfully,

Tom Williams

母亲节是五月的第二个星期日。今年母亲节那天，我为母亲买了一件毛衣和一束鲜花作为礼物，感谢母亲为我付出的辛苦。母亲收到礼物后，非常高兴。

Mother＇sDaycomes on the second Sunday in May each year. On that day this year, I bought a sweater and some flowers for my mother to thank her for her hard work for me. Receiving my gift, my mother was very happy.

小学二年级英语作文：Last Weekend

I had a happy weekend last week.

On Saturday morning, I watched TV and helped my mother wash clothes. In the afternoon, I cleaned three bedrooms in my house-- mine, my parents’ and my brother’s.

On Sunday, I played football in the park. Then I went to my grandparents’ house. Grandpa played the piano! The whole family was so happy. Later, we wanted to swim. But it was too cold.

This was last weekend.

小学二年级英语作文：My New Teacher

My new teacher is science teacher. He’s very strong. He has a big mouth, two big ears, two big eyes and a not too big and not too small nose. He often wears a black new shirt and brown pants, with two big shoes.

My science teacher is very kind. And he is very smart, isn’t he? Today, we have science class. We are very happy. Because he is so funny. Who is he? He’s a Mr. Zhou .

小学二年级英语作文：My English Teacher

In my life, Ms. Wang is the most important person to me. Her teaching skills are diverse. In class, she usually uses games and posters. She works hard for us. When other teachers rest, she still keeps working and working. When we are mischievous, she is good at giving systematic guidance.

We are really grateful for what she has done for us. We want to say ”thank you” to her.

小学二年级英语作文：我喜欢哈尔滨

There is snow and ice everywhere and you are always in a white world. You must wear warm clothes.

The most exciting thing is playing with snow. Skating is also very interesting there.

I will always remember Harbin, for the snow, the ice and all the beautiful things. I love Harbin.

小学二年级英语作文：My Teacher

I have a new teacher.She is an English teacher,her name is Miss He.She is young and beautiful.She is strict but kind.She often goes to work by motor bike.But sometimes she likes piaying sports.Usualli she likes reading book.I like my English teacher very much.What about you?

小学二年级英语作文：My Backpack

I have a backpack. It is large and it is blue. It is a birthday gift from my parents. I love it very much. It is very hard-working, because I keep all my school things in it. It is very heavy. It is with all the time during school days. It is a good friend of mine.

I like to hear music, music helps me get out of annoyance. Before I go to

bed, I always need to listen to soft music, so that I can sleep soon. When I am

in bad mood, I will listen to hard music, I will rock my head and then sing with

the song. Listening to music is good way to relax myself, I plan to buy a guitar

and learn music.

Hi everybody, my name is XX ,whats your name?

Im 11 years old, how old are you?

My favourite sport is swimming, whats your favourite sport?

My favourite food is hamburgers,what food do you like?

There are three people in my family, which are : my father, my mother and me. How much people are there in you family and who are they?

I love my home ,Do you love your home also?

Thats all.

Best Regards,

thank you!

导语：日常打招呼是人的基本礼貌之一，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.I am Ada. 我是艾达。

2.Hello. 你好。

3.Good morning. 早上好。

4.This is Cade. 这是凯德。

5.This is Miss Daisy,your English teacher. 这是戴西小姐，你们的英语教师。

6.How do you do? 你好!

7.Hi! 你好!

8.Goodbye. 再见。

9.So long. 再见。

10.Bye-bye. 再见。

A

Ada:Hello,I am Ada. 你好，我是艾达。

Mr White:Hello,I am Mr White. 你好，我是瓦特先生。

Bobby:Im Bobby. 我是鲍比。

Cade:Im Cade. 我是凯德。

B

Bobby:Good morning,Mr White. Im Bobby.早上好，瓦特先生。我是鲍比。

Mr White:Good morning. 早上好。

Ada:Good morning.Im ada. 早上好，我是艾达。

Miss Daisy:Im Miss Daisy.Good Morning. 我是戴西小姐，早上好。

C

Mr white:This is Cade.This is Ellen. 这是凯德。这是爱伦。

Ada:How do you do?你们好!

Mr White:This is Miss Daisy,your English teacher. 这是戴西小姐，你们的英语教师。

Pupils:How do you do? 你好!

I have stayed in Shanghai alone for a week.

Its time for me to go to my real home,it is in Beijing.My parents are waiting for me.Although outside is no matter how beautiful, Beijing is still my home.In fact,there is many fresh things.Like red bayberries.In the afternoon,I took a bus to Beijing.

I was very unlucky that my mp3 was stolen.I was very sad.I didnt know why thieves went to steal others things.Why dont they hunt for a job?I hope there is no thief in our motherland.

书信是相隔较远，暂时见不到面的人们相互交流情感与思想的工具。以下小编为你收集了小学生书信正确格式，希望给你带来一些借鉴的作用。

开头顶格写对方的称呼（冒号），第二行空两格写你们好（叹号），第三行空两格写书信的正文，可以用几小节来写。正文完了后，要写上祝福语（另起一行空两格写祝你们，再另起一行顶格写身体健康！），最后，在信的右下方写上署名，再下一行写上日期。这才是完整的书信。例如：

亲爱的爸爸妈妈：

（空两格）你们好！

（正文另起一行空两格，应该写出真情实感，可以回忆小时候父母对你的关爱，也可以写你对父母的不理解或某些委屈以及请求或感谢之类的话，总之应该是个人内心的表达，让读者的心灵为之震撼，为之感动，这才是成功的文章。）

（空两格）祝你们

身体健康！

（右下角）你们的孩子任任

（右下角）20xx年5月27日

书信结构：称呼、启词、正文、过渡句、祝颂词、署名、日期这七部分组成。

1、称呼【亲爱的XXX、敬爱的XXX】

2、启词【您好】

3、正文【你对XXX要说的话】

4、过渡句【特此说明、特此致歉等】

5、祝颂词【祝你万事如意、祝你学习天天向上等】

6、署名【自己的全名】

7、日期【XXXX年X月X日】

二年级英语作文：My new friend

Now, I’m in Huang Pu School. I’m a new pupil here. But I have some new friends. Luky is one of them. Luky’s Chinese name is Fan Junran.

She’s twelve years old. She is tall, but not plump. She has black long hair, two big eyes and a lovely mouth. She often tells me lots of the funny things.

Luky has many hobbies. She likes sports very much. She can play basketball. She plays very well. She is good at the high jump, long-distance running and swimming.

She is very health, right? And Luky likes art. She likes singing, dancing and playing the electronic organ. She dances very well.

She likes Hip-hop so much. She is so cool when she dances Hip-hop.

We are good friends now. I’m so happy to meet her. She is a very breeziness girl. Do you want to be friends with her now?

二年级英语作文：My English friend

My English friend name is jim.

He is ten, his family in london,he and his family member comes our china to play.he has a cosin,he name is qianyu hi is oniy four years old,but he has a lot of questions.look he is pointing at the chopsticks to ask that my this is anything.

I and jim has become the good friend .several days later jim said that he wanted, he said that i love china .i will forget that you zhou lei, will have free time london to look at me .ok see you jim.see you.

导语：日记能够帮助我们记录每天的生活，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语日记，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Today, when I go home after school, I go to a shop to buy a pencil. But, when I leave home in the morning, I forget to bring my wallet. I feel sad because I really need this pencil to finish my homework. Then a man behind me sees my worry, he takes out the money and pays for my bill. I am so thankful to this good man.

【参考译文】

今天，我放学后，我去了商店想买一支铅笔。可是，我早上出门的时候，我忘记带钱包了。我好难过，因为我真的需要这只铅笔来完成我的作业。然后我身后的一个男人看到我的担忧，他拿出钱，支付了我的账单。我很感谢这个好人。

My family has a cute and naughty little white dog, we call it "yellow".

Yellow and yellow round, the body covered with white long hair, hand touch, soft, warm, slippery, really like a group of lovely small pompon. Eyes black yo, like two shiny black pearls. Ears sharp, very sensitive, erected, vigilant to listen to all around. It is a very, very small "big dog".

Yellow is very lively and fun. When the yellow is very excited, it shook his tail to play its good show: sometimes at home to move west jump, sometimes desperately shaking the tail, sometimes with the claws flutter our legs asked to hold.

Yellow naive cute. We love very yellow.

1、Give me five.真棒！加油（互相鼓励）

2、Do my best! 尽我最大的努力！

3、Pride goes/comes before a fall. 骄傲使人失败。

4、Ask much, know much.问得多，懂得多。

5、Business comes before pleasure. 事业在先，享受在后

6、Its never too old to learn. / Live and learn. 活到老，学到老。

7、Do not teach fish to swim. / Dont try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs.不要班门弄斧。

8、One man, no man.个人力量，微不足道。

9、Better early than late.宁早勿迟 / 早做比迟做好。

10、Grasp all, lose all. / Better master one than engage with ten.样样都要，全都失掉。

11、Time is life.时间就是生命

12、Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。

13、You cans judge a book by its cover.人不可貌相

14、A man can do no more than he can.量力而行。

15、Live and learn.活到老，学到老。

16、A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠常怪工具差/ 不会撑船怪河弯。

17、Better late than never. 迟到总比不到强；迟做总比不做好。

18、A little learning is a dangerous thing.一知半解是危险的。

19、By reading we enrich the mind. 博览群书长见识。

20、More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。

21、Do it now.立刻行动。

22、Have a nice day! 过得开心！

23、Words are but wind, but seeing is believing / to see is to believe.耳听为虚，眼见为实

24、A man becomes learned by asking questions.不耻下问才能有学问

25、Honesty is the best policy.诚实为上策。

26、Time flies.光阴似箭。

27、If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. 同时追二免，必将无所获/脚踏两条船，必定落空

28、Just do it! 去做吧！

29、He who questions nothing learns nothing.不提问，没学问。（不提问题者学不到任何东西。）

30、Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

31、Saying and doing are two different things.说和做是迥然不同的两回事。

32、Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

33、Life is sweet.生活是可爱的。

34、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

35、A man cant be robbed of his learning.学问是偷不走的。

36、When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

37、Discontent is the first step in progress.不满足是进步的开端。

38、Take it easy.放轻松。()

39、Think twice before we leap.三思而后行。

40、Keep it up.坚持。

41、Saying is one thing, and doing another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。

42、A contented mind is a perpetual feast.知足长乐。

43、Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.鸡蛋未孵出，不要先数鸡。（不要过早乐观）

44、Seldom seen, soon forgotten.少见易忘

45、All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易

22 October 2004

Dear Sir,

I would like to apply for the post of Works Manager, which was advertised in The Guardian of I2 October 2004. I feel that my qualifications and experience are ideally suited for the position.

I was born in 1968, and I went to school from 1973 to 1988. In 1987 I took the General Certificate of Education, and I got good grades in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. After leaving school, I attended the Orient Technical College, where I first studied Fiber Technology and Color Chemistry; later I studied other subjects related to textile manufacture, and in 1991 I obtained the Diploma in Textiles.

After completing my studies, I joined the Top Clothing Company where I worked until 1996. In that year I moved to Prior Productions, who was pleased with my work, and as a result, in 1998, I was promoted to Assistant Works Manager there.

I enjoy my work, and I am prepared to work hard. Moreover, I am sure that Prior Productions would give me an excellent reference. I therefore feel that my application deserves your serious consideration.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Mary Ma

My mother tall tall, black hair, white face, my mother still have a pair of bright eyes, in my eyes my mother is the most beautiful.

Once I went to the store to see a colorful rope skipping, I liked it very much. I said to my mother, "I like the rope skipping, and I want to buy it." Mother said, "You do not have one, can not be so wasteful." I thought I had to get that rope, one day, I "My mother is very happy to give me money, but I did not buy text, but I bought the favorite rope skipping, it hidden in my bag."

Later, my mother helped me when finishing the bag when found that rope skipping, fiercely criticized me: "Why do you want to lie?" I scared to cry, this time, my mother came to comfort me said: "Do not cry , Know the wrong change is a good boy "You see my mother is not a harsh and kindly good mother?

Since then, I have never said a lie, I love my mother!

I am very happy today for I had the chance to help the old people in our subdistrict. Nowadays, many adults are busy with therir job and have no time to take good care of their old parents. I want to try my best to help the old come out of lonely life and now I can.

I will try my best to make the old people smile, I am sure I can do it!

【参考翻译】

我今天心情非常好,因为我有机会帮助老人们在我们的街道。如今,许多成年人都在忙于therir工作,没有时间去好好照顾他们年老的父母。我要尽我所能去帮助那些老年人走出孤独的生活,现在我可以。

我会尽我所能让老人们的微笑,我相信我能做到!

[小学英语日记之帮助老人

“东周出孔丘，南宋有朱熹。中国古文化，泰山和武夷。”这是著名学者蔡尚思对文化巨匠朱熹的评价。朱熹博览群书，融会诸家，体察社情民意，著述讲学，建立了完整的理学体系，被世人尊称为朱子。出生于尤溪的朱熹，一生大部分时间在武夷山一带度过，并在风景秀丽的九曲溪畔辟有一所书院——武夷精舍，在此一边写作，一边讲学，给后人留下了丰富的文化遗产。

今天，我们从朱子思想中可以汲取什么营养?朱子学对现代社会和现代生活有什么价值和意义?本月初，武夷书院讲坛在武夷山开讲，“朱子学第一人”、清华大学国学院院长陈来，朱熹后裔、华东师范大学古籍研究所教授朱杰人，从不同角度解码朱子思想。让我们跟随学者的脚步，穿越时空，亲近大师。

文化继往开来、传承创新的典范

儒家思想的特色之一，就是具有强烈的文化传承自觉，在不断传承五经的过程中，发展新的诠释，适应时代和文化的挑战。“宋代道学是儒家发展的新形态，以朱子为中心的宋儒理学特别强调传承道统的意识，对‘学绝道丧’特别忧患，‘学绝道丧’就是文化传承的中断，这对今天重续文化传承和价值传承有重要启示。”“文化传承最核心的是价值观。中华文化在几千年的发展中，形成了一套相当完整的价值体系。这一套体系是中华民族刚健不息、厚德载物精神的价值基础和根源。”陈来认为，朱子广泛继承了儒家的学术文化，对古代文化作了全面的整理，对四书的集结和诠释几乎花费了毕生精力，是文化继往开来、传承创新的典范，这是近1000年来无人可与之相比的。

在陈来看来，朱子思想中最重要的“格物致知”理论，是对儒家“学习”思想的一种哲学论证和展开。朱熹用“即物穷理”来解释格物，提出格物就是要穷理，也就是去了解事物的道理;穷理必须在事物上穷，不能脱离事物。“即物穷理”的主要途径就是多读书、观察事物、思考其道理。

朱熹仕宦九载，立朝御前46天，上书请辞64次，把毕生的精力都花在了研究、著述、授教之上，“绝意仕途，以继二程绝学为己任，奋发读书著述”。朱熹参与创建、修复、讲学、题记的书院有64所，其中自建4所。武夷书院原名武夷精舍，由朱熹亲自擘画、营建，宋淳熙十年(1183年)建成。据记载，自武夷书院建成后，武夷山理学学术活动空前活跃。中国古代四大书院中的白鹿洞书院和岳麓书院，都和朱熹的讲学与教育实践有关。

陈来认为，朱子是中国传统文人士大夫的杰出代表。朱子学的对象主要是士人，朱子学的宗旨是为士人提供一套道德学问思想体系，因此朱子强调“学习”“读书”的性格，与其宗旨相一致。以古代朱子学的标准来看，现代人的受教育程度都超过小学而属于“大学”，所以重视《大学》的朱子学适用于当今社会的几乎所有人。

在朱子思想中，其教育理念同样具有现代意义。“从《论语训蒙口义》到《四书章句集注》，多数朱子的经典解释著作都着眼于学生的经典学习，这使得朱子的著作在今天通识教育的经典学习中仍有参考意义。”陈来说。

为儒学补上宇宙论和心性论的缺口

康熙曾给武夷精舍赐一块匾额，上书“学达性天”。从事朱子文化研究已有26载的朱杰人认为，这四个字把朱子一生最重要的贡献写出来了，意思是朱子的学问达到了人性和宇宙的本源，为一度被边缘化的儒学补上了宇宙论和心性论的缺口。

陈来指出，朱熹论道德的思想有许多在今天仍有借鉴意义。如朱熹关于理性与欲望、道理原则与个人私欲关系的看法。朱熹阐发了古代“道心唯做，人心唯危”的思想，认为“人心”与生俱来。但如果“无所主宰，留而忘返”，社会就会“危”。要使人心不致危害社会，就应该用“道心”主宰“人心”。朱熹认为道心的特点是公，即反映了社会公共的道德法则。

“朱熹在那个时代，还没有从加强法制以约束人的行为来考虑，所以朱熹的方法是完全诉诸道德，这是理学的局限性，但突出道德意识的重要性还是难能可贵的。”陈来说。

朱熹和理学还提出“天理”和“人欲”的问题。朱熹认为，欲望应当受道德原则的制约。“所谓‘存天理、灭人欲’，就是坚持道德不能建立在欲望的基础上，必须建立在理性主宰、责任意识、美德培养之上，主张用反映社会共同要求的道德原则来克服违背公共道德的私欲，把外在的道德规范化为人体的内在自觉。”陈来指出，这在当今社会仍有重要的意义。

“当然，在理性和欲望的关系方面，朱熹对有些问题的处理并不完满，他比较忽视欲望和生命力的满足，未能重视理性和欲望也有统一的一面。”陈来说，整体而言，朱熹的思想对封建时代的精神文明和民族精神发展起了积极的作用。

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