高中英语旅行作文范文【20篇】

Last year, I traveled to Beijing by train. I was very fast. But, I like travel by train, because I like the feeling in the train. Besides, I can enjoy the scenery on the way. However, after the journey last week, I dont want to travel by train anymore, because it is too tired to have fun. It took me sixteen hours on the train. I was very tired and I had to spend a day to have a good rest. And it was boring on the train. Therefore, I think it should not travel by train if its far.

In the past few decades, our Earth has changed a lot, but to the bad

direction. Among these changes, the air pollutions resulting from a huge number

of automobiles and coal-burning is almost the severest. The severe air pollution

alarms humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable

production and usage of automobiles. However, with the deepening of

urbanization, more cars are needed, which will make the air pollution worse.

Therefore, the following actions should be taken. First, we should apply the

most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as

substitutes for fossil fuels. Second, try hard to develop possible

transportation means, which are enviromental friendly. So that the citizens can

reduce the dependence on cars. In short, our humans should take responsibilities

for the air pollution and have to find ways to solve this problem.

The happiest memory in my childhood was making snowman with my friends. As

I was a little boy, I always went out with my friends to make snowmen and play

with snow when it snowed heavily. We divided ourselves into several groups, two

or three people in each group. Then, we began to make our own snowman. We used

buttons to be snowmans eyes and carrots for its nose. After making our snowman,

we compared ours with others’ to decide whose snowman is the best. Sometimes, we

wrapped our scarfs around snowmen or put our caps on their head, so as to make

our snowman more beautiful. The last time I making a snowman was when I was in

university. But it snowed rarely these years. Thus, making snowman has become

the long-lost fun for me. How I hope it would be snowy this winter!

we are supposed to expresour gratitude to otheron thanksgiving day. however, we should feel gratitude everday.

god hatwo dwellings, one in heaven, and the other in a meek and thankful heart. be grateful to otheria wato show your love. in our daillife, we often receive help from our parents, friends, colleagueand strangers. perhapit ia little thing, pick up the pen you drop, lift a heavbox for you or offer you a seat in the bus. we should be thankful to them for whatever thehave done. the more love you give, the more love you receive.

Christmas Day is very popular around the world, when that day comes, we can

see the Christmas products sell everywhere, though Christmas Day is not

originating from China, in our country, more and more people spend that day. A

foreigner pointed out that Christmas meant to be grateful for them, while for

Chinese people, it was just a day for celebrating. To me, Christmas indeed means

a day to have fun.

When I was small, I did not have the concept of Christmas, because in my

mind, I only knew Chinese traditional festivals, I liked Spring Festival best, I

could get a lot of money from parents. When I went to high school, all of my

friends would talk about Christmas Day when the day was near, so I started to

know it. Almost every young people like Christmas, but if you ask them what the

meaning of the day, less of them can answer.

The meaning of Christmas Day is to remind people of Jesus’s birth, it is so

important for the western people, but for me, I only want to have fun, everyone

is celebrating it, so I join them, being happy, that’s enough for me.

The Origin of Halloween

While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistent by all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same.

Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feast of Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead.

Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition.

The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night. Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacify the evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating.

万圣节的起源

尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同，但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。

万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于Samhain节的庆祝活动，Samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。

Samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在Samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。

凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄。因为他们认为不是所有的灵魂都是友善的，所以就把礼物和好吃的留在外面安慰恶灵来确保来年的庄稼可以丰收。这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。

[高中万圣节英语作文

Florence is my favorite city.Its name in Italian means "the city of flowers".And it is located in central Italy.In the north of it are Careggi mountain and Rifredi mountain.Besides,there are always many fine days in Florence.During the 15th century to the 16th century,Florence was the most famous art center in Europe.It is the birthplace of Renaissance,many great artists were born here,like Dante.For me ,Florence has its special meaning.My favorite man who has been living in my heart for two years called Xiang Yutian.Since we first met,his dream is to go to Florence.But his dream failed to be realized until he lost his memory.It is such a great pity.So,if you havent still made up your mind,listen to me,go to Florence and hug the person you love.

[高中英语作文200字

The generation gap is unavoidable in almost every family, which brings

about a number of conflicts in a family. In my opinion, to limit the bad effects

of the generation gap, each family should use the following three methods:

First of all, it is important that family members discuss openly about

their pleasures or sadness in childhood in family gatherings. This activity does

not only create a close relationship but also help build up understanding among

all members. For instance, once children are aware that their grandparents and

even their parents did not have a good upbringing during their hard childhood,

they will stop complaining about the previous generations’ obsoleteness. In the

meantime, once old people realize young people are nurtured in a new modern way,

it is easy for them to be tolerant of young people’s new habits or hobbies.

Secondly, people of each generation should not develop a very high feeling

about themselves. In order to do that, they should not think that they are the

only right people in their family because each person has his or her own

limitations. Teenagers would realize that their parents have to struggle with

pain to support them financially, and they would stop rebelling their

strictness. Parents would realize that their children’s new style does no harm

to their studies and stop imposing their own unsuitable standards on their

children.

Finally, the generation gap and its bad effects can be limited if all

members cooperate to build up a close-knit family relationship and a harmonious

atmosphere in which they are open and tolerant of each other. I strongly believe

that each family, by doing that, can enjoy a cozy atmosphere with minimum

interference by the generation gap.

About Travel

There is a saying that “You can either travel or read,but either your body or soul must be on the way.” With the improvement of living standards, more and more people have time and money to travel. During traveling, one can meet various people, make new friends and experience various lifestyles of different places.

Almost everyone has their own favorite place to travel because of specific reasons, such as the people, climate or scenery of that place, the influence of friends or some beautiful memories and so on.

Nowadays, people do not have to think much about transportation. People can travel by car or driving themsleves to near places, or by train, plane to far places.So, if you have a place want to travel, just go and relax yourself.

[关于旅行的中学英语作文

In my opinion, the movie “ the pursuit of happyness “ is a meaningful film,

the hero of the movie is an active man. Though his life was very hard, his wife

left because of the situation of their family.His work was also unfortunate. He

never gave up and still work hard.Then he took care of his little son. He is

going after happiness all the time, so his life is running . Time is very

importmant to him, he must finish his task on time , or he wouldnt live a

steady life , he has to pay the rent and taxes and so on, but he insist on

taking every chance to make his life live better and he believe in himself.

Finally, he succeed , his part of life in the movie is moving and real.

I also like the song in the movie very much, it says “ the mountains have

high places and low places ……”

Everyone has a dream, if you work as hard as the hero of the movie , your

dream will come ture, so I will learn from the hero ---Chris Gardner.

And I believe my dream isn’t far away!

Music is the important part of my life. The world needs music to amuse

peoples life. As they live in the fast pace, music can bring them the great joy

and relax. Since I was very small, I fell in love with music and every time when

I heard music, my body would move and feel relaxed. The function of music is

various.

There is a famous song, which called let the music heal your soul. A lot of

young people have their favorite singers. When they see their idols face to

face, they would say thank you to the singers, because their songs inspire these

young people to move on in the dark days. The songs deliver positive messages to

the public and inspire them to never give up.

Listening to the music is the main way for the young people to release

their pressure. Every day before I sleep, I will listen to the light music,

which helps me to take relax and make me sleep well. The reason why so many

people like to KTV after their work lies in releasing pressure. They need to

shout and then forget about the annoyance.

Music is favored by everyone and it is the indispensable part of our

life.

The Pregant Teenage Girl

Recently, a girl who was born after the year of 2000 showing a picture of her pregant image in Weibo. This teenage girl wrote down the words that she was busying giving birth to a child for her so called husband, who was also a teenager. Soon this picture became the hot issue. People were so shocked by the girl’s young face, which looked so innocent and she was just no more than 16!Such a young girl surely did not have the ability to raise a kid, what’s more, they even did not figure out the meaning of responsibility. The problem of family education was brought to the public again. The root of young pregancy lies in the parents’ caring. The lack of communication between parents and chidren is easy to have such problem. It is not appropriate to have baby at such early age.

最近,一个出生在2000年后的女孩在微博展示了她怀孕的照片。这少女写下一些话,她忙着为所谓的丈夫生孩子,他丈夫也是一个少年。很快这张照片成为了热点。人们如此震惊于这位女孩稚嫩的脸,她看上去很天真,不超过16 岁!这样一个年轻的女孩肯定没有能力抚养孩子,更重要的是,他们甚至没有弄清楚责任的意义。家庭教育的问题再次被带到公众面前。如此年轻就怀孕的根源在于父母的关怀程度。父母和子女之间缺乏沟通很容易有这样的问题。如此小的年纪就有孩子是不合适的。

[高中写人英语作文

Now National Day is coming. I have made a plan for it .I am going to Beijing with my parents.Because there are many places of interest .First we want to visit the Great Wall ,which is considered one of the seven wonders in the world. Second we want to visit the summer palace ,where lived many emperors during the hot days. Then we want to visit the Water Cube,where many important events are held .Finally we want to visit hutong to get a knowledge of the culture of old Beijing .I think this trip must be very interesting and we will have a good time.

国庆节要到了，我已经定了一个计划，我和我的父母去北京，因为那有很多名胜古迹。首先我们要去长城 ，它被认为是世界七大奇观之一。第二我们要参观颐和园，许多帝王避暑的地方。然后我们去水立方，很多重大的体育比赛都在那举行。最后我们要去参观胡同 去了解一下老北京的文化。我想这次旅行一定很有趣，所以我们一定会玩得很高兴。

[初中英语国庆假期旅行作文

An unforgettable experience

My mom used to say that I was born to swim. But the truth is that I didn t know how to swim until the last year of my primary school!

Mom always said that I could swim in the basin when I was only two months old. I was surprised at the amazing fact. If this was true, then why was I afraid of water? I went to swim every summer, but I didn t make a little progress. I was worried and blamed myself several times. When I watched people swimming freely, how I wished I had learnt to swim!

The story of how I learnt to swim is dramatic. One hot summer afternoon, my father and I went to the swimming pool to swim. While my father was changing his clothes, I was roaming along the bank of the pool. Suddenly I heard a voice, Look out! and then came a big noise and beautiful splashes. Just when I was admiring the swimmer s skills, I slipped into the pool! I was so afraid that I shouted at once! But the water kept coming towards me and I drank a lot of it. I was moving upside down and trying to reach the bank. I was struggling very hard to keep my head above the water.

A minute was like a hundred years to me. To my surprise, I was able to keep the style! Just then, my father, saw me and he seemed to be shocked. He then said, Calm down, just wave your arms and legs like this. Right! And I got it! I finally learnt to swim! You can t imagine how happy I was and I wanted to jump for joy!

[一次难忘的经历高中英语作文

Topic 1: Festivals

春节The Spring Festival 农历 lunar calendar 正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar

买年货 do Spring Festival shopping

红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)

New Year’s Day 元旦 Christmas Day 圣诞节 New Year’s Eve 除夕 Spring Festival 春节

April Fools’Day 愚人节 Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节 Lantern Festival 元宵节 Dragon Boat Festival 端午节

Labor Day 劳动节 Day of the Dead 清明节 lucky money 压岁钱 世界爱滋病日(12月1日)-----WORLD AIDS DAY

介绍春节

假如你是李华，你校的外教要在中国过春节，请你根据以下内容，用英文写一篇短文介绍我国的春节，并祝他们节日愉快。

时间 一般在二月份，中国农历正月初一，前后要持续半个月

风俗 :

1. 12生肖命名，如狗、猴、虎等，今年是猪年

2. 春节前人们要大扫除，大年夜全家人在聚集一起吃年夜饭

3. 年初一、初二走访亲友，给孩子们压岁钱

写作要求：

(1)必须包括以上全部内容(题目已经写好);

(2)只能使用5个句子。

参考词汇： 农历Chinese Lunar Calendar 压岁钱lucky money

A brief Introduction of the Chinese Spring Festival

The Chinese Spring Festival comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year, which is usually in February. There is a name for each year, such as the dog, the monkey, the tiger or one of the twelve animals, and this year is the year of the pig.

Before the New Year’s Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a good cleaning and on the last evening of the old year, all the members of a family will get together and have a big meal. On the first or second day of the new year, people usually go to visit their relatives and friends and give some lucky money to children.

I wish you have a good time during the Spring Festival.

[高中优秀英语作文：《春节》

我背着和我差不多高的旅行包，随着老爸来到了驴友俱乐部门口。老爸把我交给一个叫擎天柱的叔叔，可惜他长得没有《变形金刚》里的那个擎天柱帅。呵呵，山寨版。老爸又唠叨几句，出门在外一切行动要听擎天柱叔叔，自己要当心什么的，然后才一步三回头地走了。我看着眼前这位其貌不扬的擎天柱叔叔，心想：看来这两天就得跟着这个柱子叔叔过了。

柱子叔叔把我带上车，依次介绍了车上的人，这回可真是大开眼界，竟然有叫唐老鸭叔叔的，叫唐婆的，叫巧克力叔叔的，叫爱吃鱼的猫阿姨，天才哥哥和小白哥哥，石头哥哥，听柱子叔叔说他们的名字多是网名。郁闷!回去非得叫老爸也帮我取一个网名，幸亏我还有个英文名字叫shirley，于是我响亮地介绍了一下自己。

大巴车把我们带到了群山环绕，绿树成荫的风景区。开在盘山公路上，我们像走迷宫一样，盘啊盘，转呀转，好不容易开上山，一拐弯又在往山下冲，整得我们头昏脑胀，脑子里像有几百个小炸弹，炸得我们迷失方向。迷迷糊糊中听到柱子叔叔说：“到了，到了。”我睁开眼一望，这就是传说中的白际啊!

我们赶紧下车，迎面扑来的清香空气让我一下来精神了。只听见湍急的泉水在哗哗地唱着动听的歌。柱子叔叔叫大家准备一下，马上去玩水游泳。我迫不及待地换好泳衣，嘴里不停地问：“柱子叔叔，什么时候走啊?”柱子叔叔只好不停地说：“快了，快了。”呵呵，估计叔叔开始嫌我烦了吧。

我们一边听着泉水唱歌，一边向终点走去----百丈冲瀑布。可是老天爷偏偏和我们作对，刚刚还是晴空万里，竟然马上就倾盆大雨，把我们一个个淋成了落汤鸡，本来就不好走的山路更加难走了，好不容易跨上几步，脚底一滑，又倒退了回来。这时我才感受到书上描写红军叔叔长征时的那种艰难。在柱子叔叔的带领下，大家互相帮助，就像一个大家庭一样稳步向前走着。

百丈冲大瀑布从高高的岩石上，飞流直下，弹起了许多许多好看的泡沫，飘在水面上，如同雪花被山水冲下来一样，我听那泉水唱得更欢快了。我们来到瀑布下面的水潭里，那水清澈见底，凉凉地喝了一口，甜滋滋的。清凉的泉水不但把我们身上的尘土和疲劳全多冲走了，还冲走了我的一只鞋，要不是唐老鸭叔叔眼疾手快，一把抓了回来，那我的小脚可就要惨不忍睹了。

我们来到一个像滑梯一样的斜坡，柱子叔叔在树上系了根绳子，我们几个小孩子如同玩接力棒，从这个人手里传到另一个人，顺利地下了斜坡。我们来到第二个斜坡，看上去更刺激，但也有点怕怕，心里有点像装了十五个水桶-----七上八下的，也不知道哪块该死的石头绊了我一下，我被水冲了下去，结果上有斜坡下有深潭，现在才领会到什么叫进退两难，只好大喊救命。更惨的还在后头，不停地走路，腿脚没力了，走路多不稳，老是让水冲倒，身上让石片划破好多，乌青块也出来了，幸亏有大家庭里的叔叔、阿姨、哥哥不停地鼓励我，总算没有做逃兵，整个行程和大人们一样坚持到了最后。不过有个小插曲很不好意思的，柱子叔叔说我吃吃饭，吃着吃着竟然睡着了，大概体力透支得厉害。可不要笑话我哦!

这次旅行，让我这位娇气的小公主，在大自然中经受了一次磨练，体验到了漂流带来的快乐和刺激，享受到了成功的喜悦。同时感受到了大家庭的温暖，懂得了只要同心协力，没有完不成的事。

[一次难忘的旅行高中学生作文

My name is zhangyifan, this year 15-year-old boy, my special features is writing.I am an introverted person, very happy can spend a junior high school with everyone .I hope in the future day can spend amusedly with everyone for three years, increasing a perfect but substantial recollection for our lifes!

5月1日高二（3）班的学生志愿者li yue 和zhang hua 去阳光敬老院（sunshine nursing home）开展志愿者活动（送水果，打扫，聊天等）。假设你校英语报的记者，请写一则新闻报道：1。 时间，地点，人物，活动；2。 老人们的反映；3。 简短评论

范文：

students volunteers brought sunshine to the elderly。on may day， liyue and zhang hua， students from class three，grade two， went to sunshine nursing home and did some voluntary work。 upon their arrival。 li yue and zhang hua were warmly welcomed，and respectfully， they presented the elderly with fruits and flowers。then they started working at once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor。 everything done。 they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people。

when it was time for the volunteers to leave。 the elderly people thanked them for their kindness。 they said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever。

li yue and zhang hua were very happy。 what they did has brought joy to other people and enriched their own lives。

by chen jie， school newspaper。

[高中志愿者活动英语作文

Friends can be classmate, can be meet by the chance, also can be to forget... Since the childhood, we all have friends, but there is always a best friend.

My best friend is a little rabbit. Rabbit this name is very suitable for her, she is thin, wearing a pair of glasses, on her always find innocent and lovely.

In sports class, she can be fast! She ran like the wind, to pull a lot, you always dont know what she was thinking.

In class, she always listening, always not distracted; Next class, she will be very happy to play with us; Generous, but singing, there is always a little shy; After school, her laughter echoed in the quiet of the path.

One day after school, I and he is in a secluded road, see a cute kitten is "meow meow" cried, and its fur is white, the ear is pink short beard, its like an emerald eyes glowing aura. Little rabbit slowly moves the line of sight, "ah!" Little rabbit exclaimed, "its a calf injury, we take it home to bind up once!" Little rabbit say that finish, with poor looked at it, and looked at me with pleading eyes, for fear that I dont promise to her. "Ok." I agreed. She was glad to picked it up and gently stroked it a few times, said: "lets go." We quickly returned home.

Back home, we see it wound cleaning, and for gauze bandaging the wound, to feed it a little bit of biscuit, drank some water, we really like about it for a patient.

Later, the kittens injury is good, already can walk, it was glad to shake the tail, naughty blunt we call incessantly, seem to express our rescue of it. We also often go to see it, take care of it, the three of us became good friends.

I would also like to thank the kittens, if not it, friendship between rabbit and I wouldnt like gem denim!

译文

朋友可以是同学，可以是萍水相逢的人，也可以是忘年交……从小到大，我们都有朋友，但总有一个最好的朋友。

我最好的朋友是小兔。 小兔这个名称很适合她，她比较瘦，戴着一副眼镜，在她的身上总能找到天真可爱的气息。

上体育课时，她跑得可快啦!她跑起来像一阵风，鬼点子很多，你总不知道她在想什么。

上课时，她会认真听讲，总不分神;下课时，她也会很高兴地和我们玩耍;很大方，但唱歌时，总是有一点羞涩;放学时，她的欢声笑语回荡在僻静的小路上。

有一天放学后，我和他走在僻静的小路上，看见了一只可爱的小猫正“喵喵喵喵”地叫着，它的毛是雪白的，耳朵是粉红色的短短的胡须，它那绿宝石一样的眼睛里泛着灵气。小兔慢慢地移动了视线，“呀!”小兔惊叫一声，“它的小腿受伤了，我们把它带回家去包扎一下吧!”小兔说完，用可怜的目光看着它，又用恳求的目光看着我，生怕我不答应她似地。“好吧。”我答应了。她高兴地把它抱起来，轻轻地抚摸了它几下，说：“我们走吧。”我们飞快地回到了家里。

回到家后，我们把它的伤口清洗了一下，又找来纱布把伤口包扎了一下，给它喂了一点饼干，喝了一点水，我们对它可真像对一个病人呀。

后来，小猫的伤好了，已经可以走路了，它高兴地摇摇尾巴，淘气的冲我们叫个不停，似乎在表达我们对它的救助之恩。我们也经常一起去看望它，照顾它，我们三个成了好朋友。

我还要感谢这只小猫呢，如果不是它，我和小兔之间的友谊也不会像宝石一样坚固呢!

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

Many years ago, credit card was believed to be the great improvement to facilitate people’s life, since then, people didn’t have to carry the paper money at hand, a card could pay the bill. Nowadays, with the development of technology, a more convenient way has been invented. There are all kinds of APPs in China, people can shopping online, order the food and do all kinds of business, the most important thing is that they can pay money just to click the button. In the big cities, you don’t need to take money at hand, a smart phone can solve all the problems. When you buy things, you can take out your phone and then scan the two-dimension code, the bill is paid. The foreign media reported the convenient way and they were astonished by China’s change. In the future, more Apps will be invented.

许多年前,信用卡被认为是极大的改善和便利了人们的生活,从那时起,人们不用把纸币带在身上,信用卡可以支付账单。如今,随着技术的发展,发明了一种更加方便的方式。在中国有各种各样的应用程序,人们可以网上购物,饮食和做各种各样的业务,最重要的是,他们可以单击按钮付钱。在大城市,你不需要把钱带在身上,智能手机可以解决所有的问题。当你买东西时,你可以拿出你的手机,然后扫描二维码,支付账单。外国媒体报道了这种便捷的方式，他们震惊于中国的变化。在未来,更多的应用将会被发明出来。