期末考试英语记叙文写作指导精彩20篇

一、请“，我的最爱”为题，写一篇文章。要求：

1) 请将题目补充完整。例如：妈妈、家里的猫咪、故乡的小河、蜘蛛侠

2) 运用记叙文写你最熟悉的内容，表达你的真情实感。

3) 写作中不得出现真实的姓名、班级。

4) 字数不少于600字。

二、还记得临出门时被妈妈拦住“逼”你喝牛奶吗？还记得坐在电脑桌前被爸爸强行关机“押”回书桌吗？还记得你在大嚼田园汉堡时妈妈喝着红茶微笑地注视着你的神态吗？还记得你做错事时老师严厉的目光吗？爱是絮絮叨叨，琐琐碎碎，爱是细微未节，鸡毛蒜皮。请在横线上填上妈妈或爸爸或老师，使题目完整，然后作文，注意要写出真情实感，字数在550以上。

三、在生活中，人与人之间的交往常使我们悟出一些做人的道理。你一定会有这样的经历或见闻，对这些道理也会有自己的认识。请以“做人要”为题，写一篇文章。要求：

1) 可以从以下10个词语中选择一个，与上面的题干组成题目，这十个词语是：诚实、真诚、守信、宽容、正直、尊重他人、有责任感、有孝心、有主见、有合作精神。

2) 除诗歌、戏剧外，文体不限。要有真情实感，通过具体的事情来表现中心，不得少于600字。

3) 不得出现真实的校名、人名。

四、阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。

古代春秋时期，子罕拒绝了一个宋国人向他献上的宝玉。他对献玉的人说“我把不贪婪当作珍宝，你把美玉当作珍宝。如今，你把它给了我，我们俩都将失去自己的珍宝。不如让我们各人拥有自己的珍宝吧。”美玉是珍宝，美德也是珍宝。其实每个人对“珍宝”的认识不同，每个人都会拥有自己的最珍爱的宝物。她可能是一件物品，也可能是一段美好的回忆，一次成功的经验，一个深刻的教训，一句真诚的话语请以“珍宝”为话题：写一篇文章。要求：不少于500字；题目自拟；除诗歌外，文体自选；文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。

五、作文（任选一题）

题目一：友谊有时就像花朵，当你孤寂时它会带来一缕温馨和芳香；友谊有时又像火苗，当你寒冷时数它会驱逐严寒，带给你无限的温暖；友谊有时还像雨丝，当你失意时它会滋润你那干涸的心；友谊有时更像一座桥，当你误解时它会沟通你我的情。请联系自己的学习、生活、交往的实际，以“友谊”为话题，选择一两件事例，或叙述，或抒情，写出进你的作文中。要求：以记叙文为主，题目自拟，字迹工整，不少于500字。

题目二：以《我好想来》为题，写一篇文章。

要求：先把题目补充完整，如“成功”、“有个知心朋友”、“有自己的小天地”、“快快长大”、“再看一眼”或“美梦成真”、“飞上月球”、“回到过去”等。字迹工整，文体不限，字数不少于500字。

初一语文期末考试作文会考什么？

1. 有关爱的 概率20%

2. 有关改革开放30周年, 可能是写你身边的变化 建议用以小见大的手法概率40%

3. 刚进初一,父母对自己的期盼或自己的变化 40%

写一个人变化的作文

时间会让人产生变化，尤其是步入初中，更容易变。我不知道自己变了多少，可是，我是看着她变化的。

她以前是善良的，活泼的，可爱的，还有上进心。你看，她如果看见了谁生病，她马上带他去医院;她如果看见我们在玩游戏，她也要来插一手;如果她看见自己考差了，她还会大哭一场，争取在下一次把它考好。这样的人，谁都会喜欢她的呀!

可是她从六年级时，她爸妈离婚后，她每天都跟那些坏学生到处玩，晚上去网吧，还经常翘课，变得很坏，还学会了拒人于千里之外，让人帮不了她。她的学习成绩从90多分下降到了20多分。

后来她妈妈把她带到了农村读书，直到现在初一了，她又回到了我们学校，刚开始她有所改变，可才过两个星期，她有变回了那样，还学会了抽烟喝酒，连她妈也管不到她了。她看见我也从不再说话，连一个微笑、一句话都不愿给。我和她可是从小玩到大的朋友呀!

许多东西都会随着时间地消逝而变化，草木荣枯，候鸟南飞，生老病死，这些都叫做变化。一种事物，总会随着周围事物的变化而变化，也许是感染，也许是带动。坏的事物会让与它邻近的事物产生更糟糕的状况，自然而然的，好的事物也就会感化周围的事物，让它产生更深一层的升华。

其实无论她是变好变坏，我已经不习惯现在的她了，如果等到她真正变化完之后，我还会认识她吗但我还是希望她变好。

一个人从小到大，一生之变化谁也无法预料，身边诸人诸事都会随着岁月的流逝而改变。我以前知道自己也许有一天，会产生天大的变化，我一点都不害怕。但在我看见了她的变化后，我感到了恐惧，但该来的还是要来的，那我们就欣然接受吧!

人的一生都在变化!

那句话改变了我

童年，是熹微的晨光；童年，是一杯香醇的咖啡；童年，是破土而生的小草；童年，是淡雅的茶；童年，是我们多姿多彩的童年生活中，充满了欢声笑语。

每当我驰骋在溜冰场上，翩翩而飞时，身后必会传来人们啧啧的赞叹声。可在我风光的背后，谁又晓得我成功的基点呢？

那件事，似蔓藤，紧紧地缠绕在我的腰间，任凭我怎么扯也扯不开。那件事，似浓雾，散布在我的身边，任凭我怎么抓也抓不到。那件事

记得7岁时，我不知怎的就对溜冰着上了迷。每每空闲时，我就会跑到巷子里看那些大哥哥、大姐姐溜冰。看着他们溜冰时的潇洒，我是那么的羡慕、那么的羡慕。久而久之，爸爸自然察觉到了些什么。一天下午，爸爸故作神秘的递给我一个大礼盒。我打开一看，里面竟卧着一双我梦寐以求的溜冰鞋。顿时，我高兴地手舞足蹈，爸爸的脸上也绽开了花朵。从此，我的溜冰学涯便渐渐的拉开了序幕。初次溜冰时，我就像是在茫茫人海中找不到指向标。刚开始穿上溜冰鞋的我，就像脚底下踩了一块西瓜皮似的一会儿一个倒儿。

以前，每当我摔倒在地时，爸爸就会笑眯眯地把我扶起来。慢慢的，我就把摔倒在地被爸爸扶起来的无奈变成了依赖。这天，我又摔倒了，和大地母亲来了个经典式儿的拥抱。我瘫坐在地上，单等着爸爸来扶我。爸爸也习惯性地站起来准备来扶我。可是，就在爸爸马上来到我身边时，爸爸停下来皱着眉头似乎想起了什么。然后，踉踉跄跄的往后退了几步。就在我正疑惑中，爸爸‘‘站起来”的一声怒吼打破了我的思绪。

我可怜巴巴的望着爸爸，被吓得热泪盈眶。爸爸见状，瞪着眼睛继续吼道“还等什么？从哪里摔倒就从哪里站起来！”

爸爸的这句话触动了我，就像迷路的孩子找到了回家的方向。我手撑地，慢慢地站起来。继续向前滑行。虽然还是会摔倒，但是我不怕。因为，只要我想起了那句话，我就会再一次次的站起来。

日复一日，我身上的伤痕早已多的数不清了。但是，我觉得它是我这一生都值得去纪念。每当我失败时，我想起那句话，就会“站起来”。那句话给予了我力量。那句话，改变了我。

老师改变了我

老师，一个多么美丽的称号。老师是知识的源泉，是灵魂的工程师，是希望的火把。

老师，默默坚守岗位的是您，含辛茹苦的是您，无私奉献的还是您。您付出了，却不求回报，您是那么伟大而平凡的人。您付出了，我们就要回报，那张张画满红勾勾的试卷，就是您的回报。然而，就是您这样伟大而又平凡的人，改变了我。

我以前总是骄傲自满，考个好成绩，就欣喜若狂，是您的一句话，让我谦虚起来。有一次，小考我考了满分，拿到卷子心里就美滋滋的，到处在别人面前炫耀，却忽略了别人的内心感受。紧接着我又迎来了一次考试，因为有了先前的成绩，我没有那么细心了。然而，上天就是捉弄人，我竟然勉强及格。悲伤应该独占了我整个内心。

您把我叫到办公室，分析我这次考试的原因，我还记得您重点强调了一个词：骄傲。是啊，完全是因为我的骄傲自满才导致成绩直线下滑。

您心平气和地跟我说了一段话：“虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。一个成功的人一定有谦虚的态度，不满足现在的状况，只想着如何再进一步，而骄傲的人，永远只是失败者。”听了您的话，我心里得到很大的安慰。正是您的这句话改变了我。

老师，花儿需要阳光的沐浴，才能更鲜艳；小草需要雨露的滋润，才能更碧绿；我们则需要您的呵护，才能更健康。

老师，您就是我生命的导航船，照明灯，永远的指引我去寻找知识宝藏。

老师，谢谢您的谆谆教诲。

老师，是您的那句话改变了我，对我的影响深远。

我的变化

不知从何时开始，我那宁静的世界里闯入了“不明侵略者”。开始时，我还以为那只不过是我成长道路上的一个小插曲，谁知它们竞让我成了一名名副其实的追星族。

说起“百变小樱”那是有口说不出，在还不了解她之前，我是一个单纯的孩子，单纯到我的世界里一片空白，单纯到每天的我只知道重复着同一件事，单纯到只知道接受命令，而不知反抗……自从看了“百变小樱”后，我的世界里多了一份幻想，常常望着窗外的天空发愣，我什么时候也可以成为一名魔法师呢？每看见一个物品，总会幻想着它是由某张库洛牌变成的，而我则是手持魔法杖来收服它的主人，可是单纯的我还是用那份可笑的单纯将这份幻想毫不留情的埋藏了。

时间就这样慢慢地过着，转眼间我已读初中了，这几年间并没有出现其它的什么可说的事，谁知刚上初中不久，让我又一痴迷的事来了。

因为我们学校是寄宿，所以我们一般在周六的晚上就会用多媒体放映电影，男孩子们强

烈要求放《火影忍者》，而女生则是想看《蜡笔小新》，后来还是看了《火影》。开始时，我始终不愿去看，一到周六晚上，我就趴在课桌上见周公去了，后来，不知什么原因，我终于肯放下架子看《火影》了，这下糟了，刚一年就被吸引进去了，当时真恨不得抱着碟睡觉了，从此，我又迷上了《火影》，我喜欢里面的鸣人，因为他的坚强，他的天真，更因为他的忍道，我还喜欢佐助，因为他的帅气，他的执着，更因为他的勇敢。我最敬佩的是鸣人与佐助间那纯真的友谊。是他们让我懂得了人世间还有友谊的存在，是他们教会了我拼搏，教会了我勇敢。尽管他们只是虚幻的，可是天真的我总喜欢把他们当做实体去追逐，因为他们的精神、他们的友谊、让我感觉得到他们的存在，从那一刻起，我发誓我永远爱鸣人和佐助，爱他们这种百折不挠的精神。

不管怎样，事已至此，我发现我的世界里不再是空白，而是拥有许多东西，而且我惊奇的发现，当我接受了这“不明侵略者”后，并且痴迷上了他们后，成绩并没有下降，并且我还是老师，家长们眼中的乖乖女时，我开心地笑了，原来我还是我呀！

我学会了坚强 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。孤独的我走在寂静的大街上，哥！你离开了我！我没有哭！真的没有哭！我答应过你，我要坚强！

小树儿长高了

哥，你不顾我的泪流！不听我的撕喊！不看我的心碎！就这样走了！在那冰冷的街！你让我的世界乱了季节，春天舞着落叶，夏天飘着雪花，秋天落着雨儿，冬天开满鲜花，哥哥，你走了，离开了我，我努力不让自己哭泣，我要让你知道，我是个坚强的小孩，但是，哥！我心好痛，哥！你说，小树儿长高了，要学会坚强，什么事情，忍一忍，咬咬牙关就过去了！哥！我不再泪流，我要坚强，小树儿长高了，它得自己吸收阳光，养料了，什么事情，抬起头，去面对，不要退缩，坚强的我，一定能够战胜挫折的！哥！我学会了坚强！大手放开，小手坚强

哥！你走了，大手从小手的手中脱落，永远也不会在牵起了，哥！你走了，你说，大手放开了，要让小手学会坚强，哥！你走了，大手放开了，要让小手成长，学会坚强，失败了，不哭泣，在努力，摔倒了，不哭泣，再站起！哥！大手在，小手也会坚强啊！你何必要走啊！大手放开了，小手学会了坚强，它勇敢闯荡，去寻找属于它的方向！

我学会了坚强，坚强，让脆弱的树儿迎风成长，坚强，让预放的梅向着寒冷开放，坚强，让软弱的我，快乐成长！

一切都是瞬息，一切都将会过去，而那过去了的，就会成为亲切的怀念！什么事情，都让我们坚强去面对，快乐的日子将会来临！

篇八：期中考作文

期中考作文题目与导语不对称，导语部分把《我心中的最美课堂》限定在学校以内的课堂，不利于学生的发挥，学生本次作文得分率都不高，富有创意，文质兼美的佳作寥寥无几。存在的主要问题是学生选材平淡陈旧，没有个性，感染力不强，普遍都只写一堂课的过程，没有突出表现美在哪里，还有学生把作文写成记某位老师，而不是立足于描写某堂课。另外写作技巧不能运用于写作中，有的学生全篇无一处点题，有的学生记成了“流水账”。 书写这一块，大部分学生书写马马虎虎，字迹潦草。

[迫不及待的初一生活期中考试满分作文

I’m an outgoing girl and my name is Shi Yun. I love singing songs,

especially pop songs. My favorite singer is Jay Chou.

As we all know, Jay is a superstar of Asia. He has excellent music skills.

He started to play the piano at 5 years old and studied hard. When he was 15

years old, he was able to write songs. But the environment in which he lived is

not very good. When he was a child, his parents were divorced and as a result

his childhood was full of depression. He lived with his grandparents. He was

always silent and didn’t like talking to others. At the age of 16, he was

attracted by the bass’s low voice. So his mother bought one for him and he

started to play the bass. His success is filled with tears and sweat.

From his story, I know if I want to be successful, I should work harder. I

want to go in for music, although I know the way to success is very difficult

for me. Now that I choose this way, I’ll do my best to realize my dream. Of

course I will tell myself I will be a superstar someday.

今天，一大清早我就起床了。因为今天是我们麒麟小学期末考试的一天，我带了六张草稿纸、和十支铅笔。我背起书包就像学校跑去，我碰到了贺子健。到了学校后我们开始阅读小本语文书了，我们阅读完后就去吃早餐，吃完早餐我就把草搞纸和文具盒拿了出来，准备语文考试。我仔细做题、认真答题。我很快就做完，我要开始检查了!我把没一道题都检查了一遍，一点错题都没有。我得意的开始交卷。休息了好久终于数学考试了，我把卷子折了起来，就答题了。很快我又做完了，也很快的检查完了。我高兴的交了试卷。我们就回家睡午觉了，睡完觉我就去上学。很快就英语考试了。我准备了尺子，就开始答题了。很快我又做完了，也飞快的检查完了。我又交卷了，忽然付老师走进了教室，问今天的语文考试难不难?我没有举手，侯熙举了手，付老师问她了一道题是这样的。皱的偏旁是什么侯熙说是左边那一个，付老师说错了。我大吃一惊，因为我写错了。

英语作文虽然不像语文作文在考试

高三英语作文写作技巧：练习

“没有规矩，不成方圆，英语作文写作技巧。”对于一般英语学习者而言，写出优秀的文章有赖于后天习得，但并不意味着机械背诵、生吞活剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研习，需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精华部分加以研究。研习主要侧重两个方面，包括文章章法和语言表达。文章章法指文章的行文思路、布局谋篇、结构安排、逻辑顺序。许多学习者面对一个话题，可能存在两种不同的困惑，一是下笔千言，但离题万里;二是思绪万千，却无从落笔。导致两种困惑的根源皆在于欠缺思考问题、组织思路的恰当方式，以至于文章不得要领、章法紊乱。这就要求我们从全篇脉络角度多研习范文，之后领悟如何以演绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋篇以及如何围绕特定话题拓展思路等等。此外，研习还要侧重于语言表达，包括遣词造句和句子、段落之间的各种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场，因为英文写作皆通一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。

高三英语作文写作技巧：背诵

背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要学好写作文，首先要处理好语言输入与输出之间的关系。前者是后者的前提条件。如果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上写出像模像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有意识地将其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中（commit the highlights to memory），才能保证下笔流畅、文通字顺。因此，背诵对于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记忆，而是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因为机械背诵的结果要么是记忆很快就荡然无存、了无痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、付诸实践。背诵包括五个方面：重点词汇、常用套语、精彩句子、优秀段落、经典篇章。

高三英语作文写作技巧：重点词汇

美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像fall victim（受害），stand a fair chance（大有希望）这种地道的动宾搭配要勤加记忆。为了积累写作词汇，应将文中同属一个话题的用词汇总归纳，组成主题词族（topic family）。归类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心应手。下文是一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下：

emotional strength 情感的力量

the noblest of human emotions人类最高尚的情感

no thought of gain不计得失

the lamp of love爱心之灯

help the victims of natural disasters支援自然灾害受害者

donate whatever they can倾囊相助

help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞

be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手

—When we use the word "love"， we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex， which is a very narrow definition of the word。 Love is emotional strength， which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes。 In fact， throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions。

As an example of the power of love， we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year。 Although their incomes are still low by international standards， people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods — to help their needy fellow citizens。 Moreover， they do this with no thought of gain for themselves。

In my opinion， the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are。 We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble， no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers。 In this way， we can help to make the world a better place， for the darker the shadows of sorrow become， the more brightly the lamp of love shines。

当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释，小学生作文《英语作文写作技巧》。爱心是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。

说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。

我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。

[高三英语作文写作技巧

Dear Jean，

I am sorry to argue with you several days ago。 We haven t talked with each

other these days。 You are my best friend， aren t you?

Few days ago when I heard you lost my lovely book， I was really mad， so I

argued with you， and said that I could not be your friend from then on。 Later， I

didn t sleep well those days。 I always remembered a lot of fun we had。 So I

decided to write a letter to say sorry to you。 I also think you should be

careful and take good care of your things。 Let s be best friends again， OK?

Yours ever，

Julia

一篇优秀的作文，除了要在立意、构思、语言上吸引读者、感染读者、打动读者外，也不可小觑开头艺术。犹如一台丰富多彩的文艺演出，很讲究闪亮登场，要紧紧地抓住观众的心，从而使其欲罢不能，才能使其为之叹服。尤其是考场作文，倘能别开生面地开头，给阅卷老师耳目一新之感，很能调动老师的评阅积极性，往往就因这好开端而使你的作文得分上升一个得分档。记叙文开篇的写作技巧有哪些？下文是小编整理的相关内容，欢迎阅读参考!

一、开门见山，直入主题。

即在文章的第一段开篇点题，或点明题目，或点及中心，使文章不拖泥带水，不转弯抹角，而是简洁明快、单刀直入。如朱自清的记实散文《背影》是这样开头的： “我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。”便是开门见山：“我”思念父亲，最难忘怀他的背影，它凝聚着父子间深厚、真挚的爱。有一种浓厚的感情气氛笼罩着全文。又如朱德的《回忆我的母亲》，鲁迅的《从百草园到三味书屋》，魏巍的《我的老师》等。

二、巧设悬念，欲擒故纵。

也就是我们通常所说的卖关子。“欲说还休”，巧妙地埋下伏笔，设下悬念，能吸引读者迫不及待地要往下揭开谜底，一睹为快，故能引人入胜。如习作《“常胜将军”生死传》一文开头如下：“这常胜将军是何许人也?别忙，你且听我慢慢道来……”这一开头很新颖有味，颇能吊人胃口，然后再自然引出下文“常胜将军”生的威风，死的悲壮，并悟出一个道理“凡事都要慎重，来不得半点浮躁。”很值得借鉴。又如课文《枣核》开头的“再三托付”、“蹊跷”使人觉得如此牵挂一枣核简直不可思议，非要刨根就底，看它个水落石出不可。

三、巧引诗句，活泼流畅。

一些文质兼美的或蕴含哲理的诗句、名言、谚语等如果引得恰到好处，能为文章增色不少，使人眼前一亮、精神一振。语言亮丽优美的诗句能使文章充满诗情画意。如习作《春天如诗》开头顺手拈来一句“轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来。”这是引用徐志摩的《再别康桥》中的名句，自然在引出如诗般的春天迈着轻盈的步子走来。蕴含哲理的名言名句则能使文章显得厚重、有高度。如习作《青春畅想》开头“有位哲人说过：世上有一种东西，当你拥有它的时候，可能无视它的存在，而一旦失去，才会发现它的价值。”接着便自然阐述到“青春”的话题，抒发了珍惜青春，让青春闪光的不凡的思想感情，颇能引起读者的共鸣。

四、铺陈景物，渲染气氛。

景由心造，“一切景语皆情语”。精当的景物描写能烘托人物思想感情，衬托人物性格特征，推动情节发展，使文章景中显情，情因景设，情景交融而浑然一体，便能深深打动读者的心。如课文《七根火柴》开头描写暴风雨后的草地阴沉、荒凉、寂静，展示出红军长征的艰辛，表现红军战士的坚强意志与毅力，为无名战士的英雄气概营造了悲壮气氛。又如习作《美，向我起来》记叙的是一位受伤的小女孩由悲哀、暴躁走向坚强的故事。文章这样开头：“秋深了，梧桐的叶子飘然而落，凄凉地在空中打着旋儿。天空是灰色的，空气冷冷的。偶尔飞过一只麻雀，传来的也是无奈的叫声……”极力渲染了一种伤感，映衬出下文中的主人公遭遇不幸后的落寞、悲凉。

五、娓娓道出，顺理成章。

以一种平稳的语调讲故事般地和盘托出，不显得故弄玄虚，不突兀离奇，能使读者感受到亲切、宁静。这种手法常用于记叙故事情节明显的文章中，如小小说、寓言、童话等，显得落落大方。读者便自然沿着作者的思路去感受、去思考。如莫泊桑的《我的叔叔于勒》开头道德交代故事发生的地点、菲利普一家家庭背景，娓娓叙写他们的拮据的家境，初步揭出他们爱幕虚荣的性格特征，如此，后文盼于勒──赞于勒──遇于勒──躲于勒的故事情节顺理成章，耐人寻味。又如课文《最后一课》、《皇帝的新装》、《盘古开天辟地》等。

[记叙文开篇的写作技巧

1. 给出一个事实，要求解释它的原因。

陈述这个事实 As is know by all， ……

Among countless factors which contribute to XXX， there exist three most conspicuous ones：

One of the primary causes is that…

XXX also results from…

… is responsible for xxx， as well.

To put all into a nutshell， I draw the conclusion that A，B and C are three main contributors to XXX

2. What should we do? How do something influence our lives? what are the characters of something.

背景描述

There are numerous approaches to solving…/impacts on sth. /characteristics of… ， and I would explore the most conspicuous ones there.

One of the primary method， to my mind， is that…

one of the primary impact， to my mind， is that…

one of the primary characteristic， to my mind， is that…

a more subtle point which we must consider is that…

In addition/ furthermore ……

In conclusion， Taking into account of all these methods/ affects / aspects， we may reach the conclusion that…

[公共英语考试作文讲解

期末检测结束了，从学生的语文卷面来看，最使我欣慰的是，学生的写字有了很大进步，习作方面比期中也有了很大的提高，一学期的辛苦磨练，终于有了收获，也给我今后的教学树立了信心，我感谢我的学生。今后的路子还长，我在这里希望领导和老师们能给我鼓励，当然也感谢领导和老师们给我的支持。

不过从语文卷面上看还有很多不足的地方。比如：1、在阅读方面学生的分析问题和理解问题上还存在着很多的问题，问题最突出的是不能够很好的审题，没有按照题目的要求去做，题目要求摘录词语，学生却摘录的是句子；2、选做题目上要求“从《语文课外读本》，选择一篇你喜爱的文章：（1）写出文章的题目；（2）写出它的主要内容，结果学生把作文的题目写了上去，把作文的内容写了上去。从这点上看，学生对审题存在着不认真的现象，凭着自己的“经验”上来就写，造成大片失分现象；3、习作上，题目要求写“个人总结”有些学生却把“个人总结”写成了“下学期的计划”；4、还有一项题是教学上的失误，阅读短文中有一题目要求说出画出文中两个句子在文里的表达意思，结果学生对此题目非常的模糊，此题大部分学生丢分。这也给我在语文教学上有个提醒，在教句子的同时一定要注意把句子的结构讲清楚。

通过上述反思，我在下学期的语文教学上要改正不足之处，钻研语文教学，发扬优点，鼓励学生学好语文，让语文教学成为一种娱乐，让学生都喜欢上语文课。

[有关于语文考试的反思作文

记叙文是指记人、叙事、写景、状物的文章，它属于散文文体中的一类基本文体。由于应用广泛，写作形式灵活多样，在高考写作中受到考生的青睐。记叙文的叙述方式多种多样，有顺叙，倒叙，插叙，平叙和补叙。在高考中，一篇详略得当，有变化，有波澜，情景交融的记叙文容易打动阅卷老师的心。

第一个问题，叫做化虚为实。我们写作文的时候，脑子里面总有个概念性的东西，你要把它表现出来。我们有的同学写作文往往虚一点，都不是概括性比较强的概念。比方讲，一说，哎呀今天教室里安静极了，咱们同学一说安静，安静极了、很安静、十分安静、特安静，这个词用得太多了，怎么安静啊？是吧，只听见飒飒飒记笔记的声音，有的时候就有一点哗哗的翻书的声音，老师讲话的声音虽然不大，但是大家都听得清清楚楚，窗外有的时候还传来两声鸟叫，有一个同学一不小心把铅笔盒碰得掉在地下，大家很吃惊地回过头来看着他。为什么会出现刚才那个情况，那是因为教室里面怎么样？安静。好了，你把这些写出来了，还要你在那儿说吗？教室里安静极了、教室里特安静，不行。影响你们得高分的好像就是在形象方面考虑得不够，把虚的化成实的注意得不够。比方说，遇到一个场面挤。哎呀，挤极了、挤得要命、特挤，咱们同学们往往会这么说，有的同学稍微夸张一下，都快把我挤成一张相片了。这还不够，化虚为实，把它说破了，那意思就是说，你描绘出一个形象来，让别人看，别人看完了，让别人得出这个结论。你说“安静”，你写完了让我一看，多安静；你说“热闹”，最好你的文段里面不用热闹最好，写出来让我一看，这个同学写的这个场面多热闹啊。好，你回忆一下，遇到过挤没有？挤，你想想看，怎么个挤法？好，告诉你一段“挤”，大家注意听，“公共汽车擦着人群的边缘，驶了过来，没等到停稳，人们便一起涌向前门、中门、后门，于是，青年的潇洒大度、教授的温文尔雅、姑娘的矜持恬静，便一齐被抛在那空落落的车牌下，只有那一个个黑发的头、白发的头、长发的头、短发的头和戴帽子、包围巾的头，一样地在车门口攒动，那一双双白皙的手、粗糙的手、青筋暴露的手和戴手套的手，一齐向上挥舞着，努力向前伸——企图抓住车门，此时人们之间便无了高低贵贱，紧紧‘团结’在一起：笔挺的西装和肮脏的工作服挨在一起，白亮的高跟皮鞋胡乱地踏在黑亮的大头皮鞋上，人们之间也没有了礼貌谦让：身体高大的在尽情发挥高空优势，身体瘦小的也在巧妙地利用低层空间，上的人气急败坏，下的人败坏气急，满眼扭曲的面孔、暴怒的目光，满耳叫声、喊声、骂声和小孩的哭声。”

这里面有挤吗？没听到有挤吧？挤呀，挤极了，挤得要命，好了，听完了以后挤不挤？挤。写作文就该这样，那么景物描写你也可以这么想，人物描写你也可以这么去想，我怎么把这个具体的形象描绘出来，让别人得出那个概念，是吧？你不要虚，你要化虚为实，你去描绘形象，让别人得出结论。

二、就是化显为隐。“明显”的“显”，“隐蔽”的“隐”，什么叫化显为隐？同学们都知道，写作文你要有中心思想，那个中心思想怎么让人感受到？怎么让人看出来？我们有的同学采用的方法，我觉得相对地说是不是笨了一点，“我虽然18岁，经过的事也不少，好多事我都忘了，唯独有一件事我忘不了，他告诉我怎样做人，一定要做一个诚实的人。”一看到这个开头我就知道你底下要干嘛了，是吧？或者，前面写完了，结尾来了，这件事告诉我应当怎样做人，一定要做一个乐于帮助他人的人。这个中心假如你把它不直接说出来行不行？我认为是可以的。怎么办？把它融在文章的字句段里面，不要直通通地说出来。直通通地说出来，我感觉到，这个味就不够浓，你要给看作文的人联想的余地、想像的余地。如果作为一个文学作品的话，要给读者二度创造的余地，直通通地说出来了就没意思，是吧？咱们有的时候为什么有些电影不爱看，看了五分钟就知道后面该干嘛了？你说你爱看吗？

先让大家看一幅画，就是说乾隆皇帝他拿出一句诗来：“深山藏古刹”，说谁能把它画出来？那么我这儿，画了一个示意图，找了几个画家。第一个画家画出这个来了：崇山峻岭当中这儿有一个庙。乾隆皇帝一看大不满意，说我这句诗要害是什么，大家知道吗？“藏”，你这儿露了。那么这个画家说我不画出来这不就是一幅山水画了吗？谁知道这里有寺啊？第二个画家来画了：崇山峻岭里面，有一个寺的一角露在外边了，多数被挡住了。你瞧瞧，藏了吧？乾隆还是不满意，我说的是藏。好，第三个人说了，我有办法，崇山峻岭里面这儿有一根杆子上面挂着中幡。大家都知道大一点的寺庙前面都有一个挂中幡的旗杆是不是？这上面还写着一个佛字，你看看藏了吧？乾隆说不行，你这还不好，比前面两个可能好一点。最后这幅画出来了：崇山峻岭当中有一片水，一个和尚来挑水了。好，乾隆满意了。为什么？给人联想、想像的余地了。崇山峻岭里面有一片水，和尚到这儿来挑水，挑到哪儿去？挑到寺里去。好了，山里肯定有寺。我就觉得咱们写作文是不是这样写，把什么东西都直通通地告诉别人，不是讲究有含蕴吗！写作文，这就叫含蕴。当然我又要提醒大家，化显为隐，中心隐在里边，别隐得让人看不出来，模糊不行，写中心的时候，你不要直通通地把这个中心写出来，让它的语言比较形象，用比较形象的语言把你要表达的中心思想说出来，不要太直白。前面我讲到想像、联想，它会帮助你把这个语言说得比较形象。

那么我现在要用一个例子来说话，我曾经让同学写过这样的作文，题目叫做《一件小事》，我对同学的要求是什么呢？事是小事，理要是大理，小事大道理，这是一；要求二：大道理不要直通通地给我说出来，让它形象化。我现在先把这一件小事我念给大家听：“眼一睁，糟糕，七点三十分了！我赶快从床上跳起来，穿上裤子，套上鞋，顾不得洗漱，拿上书包，推着自行车，腿一骗，迅速地向学校骑去。刚刚骑出大院的门，就看见门边停着一辆卖小吃的餐车，我赶紧下车，买了两个油条，接着上车，一边骑车，一边吃着油条。这时脑海里突然闪出一件往事。有一次，也是眼一睁，七点三十分了，我从床上跳起来，穿上裤子套上鞋，拿上书包推上车，飞快地向学校骑去。当时心想，去学校的路上，路边有个小吃店，经过那里的时候，买个火烧带到学校里去吃，既不至于迟到，也不至于挨饿，但当我快骑到小吃店就被那长长的由里排到外的人龙吓坏了，我只好带着失望继续向学校骑去。刚在座位上坐定，上课的预备铃就响了，第一节我还能专心听讲，第二节肚子就向我提抗议了，抗议的激烈程度使我再也无法专心听课了，要不时地安抚一下自己的肚子，安定坚持一下。想到这里，下意识地往回看了看，大院门口那个卖小吃的餐车，隐隐约约还看得见，我不由地心头一阵发热，我想，”你们看看他想什么了，“我想今后一定要更加努力地学习科学文化知识，长大了向那位卖早点的师傅一样全心全意地为人民服务。”

前面写得很形象，挺不错的，最后你能说他不对吗？对，但是好吗？不好，我给你介绍两个结尾，你看看什么叫做化理为形。前面完全一样，没改，就是到了大院门口那辆买小吃的餐车，隐隐约约还看得见这儿，下面这么写的：“我不由地觉得：那不是一辆普普通通的摊车，那分明是一座加油站，在我们奔向“四化”的道路上。正因为有了一座座这样的加油站，才使得一辆辆车能多装快跑，以飞快的速度向“四化”这一宏伟而远大的目标驶去。”怎么样，比刚才那个结尾更形象了，加油站，多装快跑，飞快地驶去，这位卖早点的师傅他是一个典型，是人们一心奔四化的典型，我们亿万人民正在一心奔四化呢。人家把这个中心表现出来了，但是没有直通通的意思吧？我一定要怎么样怎么样，不是的。多好啊，我再给你念一个结尾：“在我的眼里，那辆卖小吃的餐车忽然幻化成一朵花，一朵鲜艳夺目的花。正是这一朵朵鲜艳夺目的奇花异葩绚丽绽放，把精神文明的百花园打扮得万紫千红，春意盎然。”怎么样？花儿，鲜艳夺目的花儿，奇花异葩绽放，精神文明的百花园是万紫千红，春意盎然。多好啊。从这个卖早点的师傅身上，我们看到了大家都在讲精神文明，我们这个社会是一个充分体现着精神文明的社会，你看看他把这个表现出来了。我再给你念一个结尾，你听第三个结尾的时候，你别白听，你想想我为什么要给你念三个结尾：“远处的那辆推车，好像是一朵花，一朵小小的浪花。这一小小的浪花汇聚起来，汇成了改革开放的巨浪，以雷霆万钧之势，向东汹涌奔腾而去。”怎么样？我原来为什么挨饿呀，物资不丰富，今天吃的怎么能送到家门口来了？改革开放使得物资丰富了。因此，人们拥护改革开放，谁敢阻挡改革开放的潮流，我们老百姓不答应。这个中心引出来了。多好呀。前面一点没动，后面怎么样？化成形了。我刚才要你们把这三个结尾想一想，我现在点破了。

写作文还有个很重要的，就是时代感。

第四，就是化平为奇。平平常常、平平淡淡，你把它化了，能够达到什么？让人惊奇，哎呀感到意外。我想我这个奇，我有两个含义。俗话说“文如看山不喜平”，是不是波澜起伏呀？这是一个，平平淡淡的、平铺直叙的，不行；还有一个，别一看到开头最多看到中间就知道结尾了，那不行。好了，至于“文如看山不喜平”，起伏，几起几伏，说还有两个月，我们许多同学说我马上几起几伏我做不到。但是我认为意外结尾你做得到，那么，比方说你写提纲，我用那些材料，什么材料我放在最后用，让你感到意外，这就很重要。你把这个做好了，作文的分就上去了。有的作文表面上你一看没有看出什么来，一看那个结尾不得了。《项链》怎么样？鲁迅先生的《一件小事》怎么样？初中学过《我的叔叔于勒》怎么样？是不是都是意外结尾？到考场上我先列提纲，什么先写，什么后写，一定要养成写提纲的习惯。“磨刀不误砍柴工”，在提纲上你要让文章尽量有点起伏，不要平铺直叙，让这个结尾，让人感觉着意外，立刻就有一种震撼的感觉。

第五个我想讲的，叫做化情为物。有三句话大家可能都背熟了，老师可能都给你们讲过：“说明文以知育人，议论文以理服人，记叙文以情感人”。这个情怎么才能感人？许多同学比较习惯的做法：所谓议论跟抒情相结合。比方讲，文章写到一定的地方了，“妈妈我爱你，一千倍一万倍地爱你，假如有下一辈的话，我还做你的儿子，我还做你的女儿”。好像有的时候给人一个感觉，这个情怎么样，跟挤牙膏似的它挤出来的，谁知道你是不是真心。真情应当融在文章的字里行间，让人感觉到字字句句里面你都在表达一种情。我说的化情为物请大家注意，我这个物，是广义的物，人物、事物、景物、器物、动物、植物，你做到情物交融、情景交融、情事交融、情人交融。要做到这一点，不要在那儿空着喊那个情，那个情打动不了别人，我认为是这个。我下面我再给你们举一个例子，人家怎么把情融在物里的。

“爸爸，春天又到了！窗外那片竹，那样挺拔，那样秀颀，那样生机盎然。六年来，黄昏走来又走去，可我只能看到那片竹，爸爸，那是我终生难忘的一个春天！初春时还飘着零落的雪花，当冻土还未化尽时，您带回来了几株瘦竹，叶尖微微泛黄，蔫蔫的，虽无生气，却有壮实的根。您种下了绿的希望，给我留下了窗外那片竹。就在当年暮春，你匆匆地走了，再也没有回来！爸爸，那片竹顽强地活下来了，活得很旺盛，我整个的思念都系在了那片竹上，在那里，可以拾起您遗落的脚印，可以掬起您爽朗的笑声。夏天裹着燥热姗姗走来，昏黄的夕照中，我倚窗凝望那疲惫的竹，连日暴晒，叶面上蒙着厚厚的灰尘，叶片向下搭拉着，竹干微微倾斜，竹林似乎疏朗了许多，显得那样疲惫不堪。爸爸，这神情多像您！为了养育我们，您在暑天里四处奔走，收酒瓶，收破烂。归来时您是满身的灰尘，满身的汗，深深的皱纹里藏着辛劳和艰难。就这样，您还忙着为那片竹浇水！每当此时，我心中总涌动着阵阵酸楚。我觉得您很可怜，也恨自己无能。我下决心要好好学习，将来使您幸福。而今，我连着唯一的心愿也未曾兑现，您就走了，永远地走了！窗外的那片竹啊，只有你知道我的哀思有多深！”

写竹实际上也是写谁呀？写爸爸。“叶尖，微微泛黄，蔫蔫的”，但是怎么样？有壮实的根，是不是？爸爸虽然不能让家里富起来，但是在家里面怎么样？他是顶梁柱，顶着这个家承担着养活全家的责任。你看看是不是他的情融在对竹的描写上？融在对人的描写上？我觉得咱们写作文要这么写。

时间过的真是很快，转眼间又到了6月，这个让我又爱又怕的月份。首先，爱的是什么呢?自是不用说，六月份大家也知道就是假期多。尤其是今年的六月高考的4天假期才刚刚结束，下个星期还有端午节的三天假期。只有一个字可以形容我现在的心情，爽!唯一美中不足的就是端午节的假期一结束，我就要面临着期末考试。这次也算是个考验吧!因为八年级升入九年级我们学校要分班!

还不是为了保证升学率的事，要把每个班抽出5-8人再组合成四个班，基本上就是两个尖子班，两个落后班了。自是挑全班前三跟末三之人。估计是跟我没有什么关系了，只是想想，没有一个学生能够抵挡住上尖子班的诱惑，这就代表这师资力量的雄厚。但是统同样的竞争的压力也要比在这普通的班大上许多倍。

就好比我们班八年级下的其中考试第一名是583分!(满分610)而四班的第一名仅仅524分，可以看看同样是作为两个班的第一名差距有多么大了。本人不才仅仅530分而已在本班刚刚挤进前十名，不得不幻想一下，为什么我不去四班呢?

言归正传，正因为这一次的期末考试的严肃性，所以一向不把考试当回事的我，也要开始认真的复习。毕竟也是考了N次试的人，相信大家都是这样过来的。相信很多的人也会有跟我一样的感觉，一上考场，卷子到手。脑子就一片空白，深呼吸?NO，不管用，起码我这是不管用。但是不管怎么说只要能冷静下来就好了，总能够恢复平常的状态。好好审题，认真做题，仔细检查。这就是我们老师叮嘱的12字真言。

考试过后的第一件事是干什么?很简单，先水平差不多的几个人围在一起把答案对一下。我也相信，干这个的不止我一个。其实也就是安慰自己罢了。话说我们其中考试的时候考的物理，有一道选择题起码有超过二十个人选的是B，当时只有一个同学选的是D。结果最后出来你猜咋滴?全班就他一个满分七十，因为那一道题扣分的68分的同学着实不少。我依然清晰的记着我们物理老师恨铁不成钢的说：你看看你们那位同学能写对，你们为什么就写不对呢?结果所有因为这一道题错的而考到68分的全部抄了20遍!

经过那件事之后我才明白人那句话是多么的正确：真理指掌握在少数人手中。

揉揉朦胧的睡眼，望着桌子上堆积如山的作业。再次感叹：七年级时总是抱怨作业多，谁成想，到八年的临近考试作业整整成倍翻!还让不让人活了，现在如此，九年级临中考，oh,my god.这才是想都不敢想啊。

写作词汇提升是把“阅读词汇”转化为“写作词汇”的过程。举个例子，当我在课堂上问及大家“害怕”这个词英文表达的时候，很多同学不加思维的就告诉我是“afraid”，我再问大家这个词是什么时候学的时候，很多人恍然大悟，原来词汇早在初中甚至是小学的时候就学过了。那么，考研阅卷的老师如何以“afraid”这个词判断你到底是一个合格的大学毕业生还是一个仅仅上过初中的同学呢，现在我们就不难理解为什么考研写作的平均分只有满分的一半了。

当我们翻开大学的英语课本我们会发现，在大学的四年中(甚至只是大一大二的两年中)我们就学过很多表示“害怕”但却比“afraid”要高级的多的词汇，比如：horror，scared，astonished 等等。这当中的任何一个词都会比afraid得的分数要高，这就是所谓的高级词汇取代低级词汇的过程。

现在，我们就要树立一个思想，写作的最小组成单位是词汇，词汇有低级的(baby words)也有高级的(advanced words)，想要得到考研写作高分的第一步就是要有意识的在写作中用高级词汇去取代相对低级的词汇，从而反映出自己的词汇表现能力(lexical resource)。

英语写作技巧二、句型 —— 学会自创简单句

考研写作最基本的句式称之为“自创句”。“自创句”是根据所要表达的含义完全自主创作的英文句子，其基础是语法知识。阅读时不理解某些语法现象仍然能理解文章，而写作要求精确，是和语法联系最为紧密的语言功能。其中，简单句是一切句子的基础，简单句的创作可三步走：

1. 根据句义确定唯一的谓语动词。

2. 根据动词种类(无宾、单宾、双宾、宾补或系动词)补全句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语等。

3. 注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的一致。

英语写作技巧三、构思 —— 学习英文独特的思想表达方式

当我们有了高级的词汇和复杂的句型之后，是不是就一定能写出高分的作文了呢?不一定。写作是一个人思维的理性表达，因此，对于写作来说，思维方式的优劣更是一篇文章好与坏的根本性的指向标。

英文有自己独特的思想表达模式，要学会用英文的表达模式写作。所以建议大家在夯实词汇、句型之后多读多背多写，练习地道的英文写作思维方式。阅读和背诵是积累语言素材的关键，《新概念》序言中甚至提到“只写读过的语言”。在此基础之上，“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，阅读背诵素材之后，写作提高需要大量的实战演习

今年暑假前我考了期末考试，这次考的分数对我的假期有很大的影响。

考试前几天我还以为这次一定能考得很好，可是考试前一天晚上，我没有认真复习，却和好朋友下楼玩了——当然，那个好朋友也没考好，还有一个原因是考试的那天早上我没有读语文书，没有背数学概念，没有写计算题，也没有翻英语书，也就是说，应该做的事都没做。可能是因为兴奋过头儿了，或者是没把考试两字放在心里。

考试过后的第一天，我就和爸爸、妈妈单位的人一起去亚布力玩儿水了。第二天我就知道了数学成绩，我竟然只考了93分，我太伤心了，我本以为我可以考得很好呀，我记得我只错了一道题呀！所以我的眼泪一滴一滴的往下掉，也没什么心思玩了。在玩水的最后一天，我知道了语文成绩，这更让我伤心了，我只考了89。5分！我真是难以想象我的卷子，所以我的眼泪如黄河瀑布般流下来。在开学的第一天，我又知道了英语成绩，又是因为马虎，所以没认真听老师读的字母，只考了99分。我的眼泪已经湿了一大片，虽然我还不想哭，可是我伤心极了。

这就是我期末考试的遭遇，我真得好好反思一下啊。

1, 小作文的字数不够乃低级错误之最！

2 ， 尽量把字迹写工整，虽然字迹工整与否并不是评分标准范畴里的，但若你的英文写成了狂草书，考官也是会抓狂的！

3 ， 小作文不需要用太过于复杂的句式，能避免使用定语从句就不用，记住一句话：用最精辟的语言表达出最完整的信息！

4 ， 在小作文中放入插入语，伴随状语等形式能让你的文章更显精辟！

5 ， 小作文是客观性作文，所以你的文章中只能使用客观用词，不能出现 because 等主观性解释性的语句。

6 ，不要用一般现在时贯穿首尾，一般情况下小作文主要时态为过去时。此外，将来时不会出现在小作文中！

7 ，单词重复属于小作文写作中的大忌！在精辟的同时请选用多样化的词汇彰显你的学术范儿。

8 ， 大作文所占分值更多，所以若遇大作文比较难写，先干掉大作文！

9 ， 老外非常注重英文写作时候的逻辑，所以在你的小作文里请分段清楚，那最能体现你清晰的逻辑思路。

10 ， 熟练掌握小作文三大段框架，即开头介绍段，中间描述段和结尾总结段，这会让你的文章看起来更具有条理和整洁。

11 ，中间描述段要以便于对比为目的，从对比和类比，从不同属性的比较，从最具有代表性的数据入手等都是行之有效的分段方法。

12 ， 小作文写作最好有明确是时间分配，即准备阶段 3 分钟，写作阶段 15 分钟。严格遵循 18 分钟完成小作文的要求。绝对不能抢大作文的风头！

13 ， 绝对不能忽略对比，当你用完比较级，最高级后开始绞尽脑汁时，何不尝试一下从数据入手，从曲线本身入手，从总量对比入手使用分数，倍数，百分比等语法手段多方位多角度立体式轰炸呢？

14 ， 字数不能过多，字数过多只说明一个问题：你在描述 all features 而不是 main features ！

15 ，在确定好首段改写 introduction 以及末段总结后，从宏观出发，找到分段点。再确定 main features. 最后选定合适的词和句。层层递进，逐个击破！

16, 不要为了凑字数而写，在准备阶段最好在心中有数，设定好整篇文章可以用几个句子完成，以期达到精辟和有效，没用的信息只会让考官反感。

17 ，结尾段不要遗漏，相反，重申总结或通过中间段分析得出结论能提高你文章的整体层次感！

18 ，单词拼写错误是写作中最不划算的扣分项，请写完后迅速浏览自己文中的单词拼写问题。

[雅思考试小作文写作技巧介绍

杂文的特点是：①文艺性与说理性的统一。说它是文艺性与说理性统一，主要表现为：一、它是形象性和说理性的统一。它既不象文学作品那样以形象为主插入议论，也不象议论文那样把“理”通篇直说出来，而是巧妙地把形象和说理融合在一起，通过富有文学色彩的语言，将理化为具体可感的形象。二、它是抒情与说理的统一。它既不是先说一番道理，再抒发感情，也不是先抒发感情再说道理，而是融情于理。

②敏锐锋利。每锐，是指杂文能够迅速地反映现实斗争，抓住现实生活中苗头性、倾向性问题，或褒或贬、或扬或抑，及时出击。锋利，是指杂文具有鲜明的针对性和一针见血的深刻性。

③短小精博。短小，一是指杂文的形式特点，篇幅短少;一是指它的选材特点，生活中一些看似琐细的小事，一个现象、一句话、一个举动，都可成为杂文的写作材料。精博，是指杂文的内容特点，它的内容要精，即小中见大，于普通生活现现象中见出深刻道理。博;即在剖析现象、阐述事理时，常要引证科学、历史、哲学、艺术等古今中外多方面的材料，使人读后增长知识、开阔眼界。杂文的博是精中之博，是精与博的统一。

怎样写作杂文?

①大处着眼，小处落墨。杂文是说理的。理是对事物本质、规律和内在联系的认识，它具有普遍性。理的普遍性越强，杂文内容就愈有深度。这就是大处着眼。因此要大处着眼，就要站在全局的高度，站在党的方针政策的高度，居高临下地抓住那些现实生活中突出的、人们关心的、有震动性的问题。选题的方向和范围确定之后，就需要选择突破口。杂文敏锐、短小的特点，决定了它的突破口宜小，宜具体，这就是“小处落墨”。小处落墨，就是选择一些极细微平常的小事，引伸开去，联想生发，阐发出大的道理。

②精炼形象，规划虚实。杂文的形象是说理的形象，为了说好杂文的理，就要精炼形象。要精炼形象一是要精选形象因素，二是要巧妙地组合形象，三是要鲜明生动地勾画形象。规划虚实，是就杂文的说理而言的，寓于形象之中的理，谓之虚;用抽象语言陈述的理，叫实。杂文写作，何时虚出，何时“实”出应巧妙安排。

③融铸感情，泼辣犀利。杂文总要表现出强烈的喜恶爱憎、褒贬扬抑，这就要融铸感情，融铸感情要抓住三个环节：融情于形象，融情于事理，直接抒情。泼辣犀利。是杂文的风格，这是它的战斗性所在。要做到泼辣犀利，需抓好两上环节：语言简短有力，恰当运用讽剌。

☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。

☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。

1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

导语：写作文没有素材怎么行，一篇好的作文素材能让读者赏心悦目，让作者文思泉涌。下面是yuwenmi小编为备考的同学准备的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1、一只火鸡和一头牛闲聊，火鸡说：我希望能飞到树顶，可我没有勇气。牛说：为什么不吃一点我的牛粪呢，他们很有营养。火鸡吃了一点牛粪，发现它确实给了它足够的力量飞到第一根树枝，第二天，火鸡又吃了更多的牛粪，飞到第二根树枝，两个星期后，火鸡骄傲的飞到了树顶，但不久，一个农夫看到了它，迅速的把它从树上射了下来。

生存之道1：牛屎运让你达到顶峰，但不能让你留在那里。

2、乌鸦站在树上，整天无所事事，兔子看见乌鸦，就问：我能像你一样，整天什么事都不用干吗?乌鸦说：当然，有什么不可以呢?于是，兔子在树下的空地上开始休息，忽然，一只狐狸出现了，它跳起来抓住兔子，把它吞了下去。

生存之道2：如果你想站着什么事都不做，那你必须站的很高，非常高。

3、一只小鸟飞到南方去过冬。天很冷，小鸟几乎冬僵了。于是，飞到一大块空地上，一头牛经过那儿，拉了一堆牛粪在小鸟的身上，冬僵的小鸟躺在粪堆里，觉得很温暖，渐渐苏醒过来，它温暖而舒服的躺着，不久唱起歌来，一只路过的野猫听到声音，走过去看个究竟，循着声音，野猫很快发现了躺在粪堆里的小鸟，把它拽出来吃掉了。

生存之道3：不是每个往你身上拉大粪的人都是你的敌人。也不是每个把你从粪堆里拉出来的人都是你的朋友，还有，当你躺在粪堆里时，最好把你的嘴闭上。

4、从前，有两个饥饿的人得到了一位长者的恩赐：一根鱼竿和一篓鲜活硕大的鱼。其中，一个人要了一篓鱼，另一个人要了一根鱼竿，于是他们分道扬镳了。得到鱼的人原地就用干柴搭起篝火煮起了鱼，他狼吞虎咽，还没有品出鲜鱼的肉香，转瞬间，连鱼带汤就被他吃了个精光，不久，他便饿死在空空的鱼篓旁。另一个人则提着鱼竿继续忍饥挨饿，一步步艰难地向海边走去，可当他已经看到不远处那片蔚蓝色的海洋时，他浑身的最后一点力气也使完了，他也只能眼巴巴地带着无尽的遗憾撒手人间。

又有两个饥饿的人，他们同样得到了长者恩赐的一根鱼竿和一篓鱼。只是他们并没有各奔东西，而是商定共同去找寻大海，他俩每次只煮一条鱼，他们经过遥远的跋涉，来到了海边，从此，两人开始了捕鱼为生的日子，几年后，他们盖起了房子，有了各自的家庭、子女，有了自己建造的渔船，过上了幸福安康的生活。

一个人只顾眼前的利益，得到的终将是短暂的欢愉;一个人目标高远，但也要面对现实的生活。只有把理想和现实有机结合起来，才有可能成为一个成功之人。有时候，一个简单的道理，却足以给人意味深长的生命启示。

5、孔子的一位学生在煮粥时，发现有肮脏的东西掉进锅里去了。他连忙用汤匙把它捞起来，正想把它到掉时，忽然想到，一粥一饭都来之不易啊。于是便把它吃了。/刚巧孔子走进厨房，以为他在偷食，便教训了那位负责煮食的同学。经过解释，大家才恍然大悟。孔子很感慨的说：“我亲眼看见的事情也不确实，何况是道听途听呢?”

启示：推销生意是一种组织性质的生意，因为人多，人事问题也多。我们不时听到是非难辨的话，如某公司攻击另一间公司，如是者往往令人混淆是非，影响信心。因此找出事情的真相，不是轻易相信谣言，辛辛苦苦建立的事业才不会毁于一旦。

6、有个叫阿巴格的人生活在内蒙古草原上。有一次，年少的阿巴格和他爸爸在草原上迷了路，阿巴格又累又怕，到最后快走不动了。爸爸就从兜里掏出5枚硬币，把一枚硬币埋在草地里，把其余4枚放在阿巴格的手上，说：“人生有5枚金币，童年、少年、青年、中年、老年各有一枚，你现在才用了一枚，就是埋在草地里的那一枚，你不能把5枚都扔在草原里，你要一点点地用，每一次都用出不同来，这样才不枉人生一世。今天我们一定要走出草原，你将来也一定要走出草原。世界很大，人活着，就要多走些地方，多看看，不要让你的金币没有用就扔掉。”在父亲的鼓励下，那天阿巴格走出了草原。长大后，阿巴格离开了家乡，成了一名优秀的船长。

秘诀：珍惜生命，就能走出挫折的沼泽地。

7、有兄弟二人，年龄不过四、五岁，由于卧室的窗户整天都是密闭着，他们认为屋内太阴暗，看见外面灿烂的阳光，觉得十分羡慕。兄弟俩就商量说：“我们可以一起把外面的阳光扫一点进来。”于是，兄弟两人拿着扫帚和畚箕，到阳台上去扫阳光。等到他们把畚箕搬到房间里的时候，里面的阳光就没有了。这样一而再再而三地扫了许多次，屋内还是一点阳光都没有。正在厨房忙碌的妈妈看见他们奇怪的举动，问道：“你们在做什么?”他们回答说：“房间太暗了，我们要扫点阳光进来。”妈妈笑道：“只要把窗户打开，阳光自然会进来，何必去扫呢?”

秘诀：把封闭的心门敞开，成功的阳光就能驱散失败的阴暗。

8、雨后，一只蜘蛛艰难地向墙上已经支离破碎的网爬去，由于墙壁潮湿，它爬到一定的高度，就会掉下来，它一次次地向上爬，一次次地又掉下来……第一个人看到了，他叹了一口气，自言自语：“我的一生不正如这只蜘蛛吗?忙忙碌碌而无所得。”于是，他日渐消沉。第二个人看到了，他说：这只蜘蛛真愚蠢，为什么不从旁边干燥的地方绕一下爬上去?我以后可不能像它那样愚蠢。于是，他变得聪明起来。第三个人看到了，他立刻被蜘蛛屡败屡战的精神感动了。于是，他变得坚强起来。

秘诀：有成功心态者处处都能发觉成功的力量。

9、一个老人在高速行驶的火车上，不小心把刚买的新鞋从窗口掉了一只，周围的人倍感惋惜，不料老人立即把第二只鞋也从窗口扔了下去。这举动更让人大吃一惊。老人解释说：“这一只鞋无论多么昂贵，对我而言已经没有用了，如果有谁能捡到一双鞋子，说不定他还能穿呢!”

秘诀：成功者善于放弃。

10、某大公司准备以高薪雇用一名小车司机，经过层层筛选和考试之后，只剩下三名技术最优良的竞争者。主考者问他们：“悬崖边有块金子，你们开着车去拿，觉得能距离悬崖多近而又不至于掉落呢?”“二公尺。”第一位说。“半公尺。”第二位很有把握地说。

“我会尽量远离悬崖，愈远愈好。”第三位说。结果这家公司录取了第三位。

秘诀：不要和诱惑较劲，而应离得越远越好。

11、中国古代大哲学家老子，有一天他把弟子人叫到床边，他张开口用手指一指口里面，然后问弟子们看到了什么?在场的众第子没有一个能答得上。

于是老子就对他们说：“满齿不存，舌头犹在”意思是：牙齿须硬但它寿命不长;舌头须软，但生命力更强。

12、江南才子唐伯虎在江南一庙宇偶遇前来进香的秋香，一见钟情，遂生共结连理之意。为此，他一路跟踪秋香到太师府，又想方设法以伴读书僮的身份混进府，谋得了接触秋香的机会，后在府中多次接触秋香并表心意，均被秋香拒绝。有一次竟被秋香锁进柴房，但唐伯虎并不气馁，又请来好友祝枝山帮忙，在好友的指点下博得点秋香成婚的好机会，至此，江南才子好梦成真。唯一不太好的是唐伯虎在成婚后从太师府偷偷溜走不辞而别，显得不太有面子，不过，这也是他当时最好的选择。

启示：1、目标要明确;2、为实现目标措施要有效;3、要屡败屡战并适当时候请高人帮助，毕竟有时是旁观者清;4、完成目标美梦成真后可以适时跳槽，该走就走。

13、老和尚携小和尚游方，途遇一条河;见一女子正想过河，却又不敢过。老和尚便主动背该女子趟过了河，然后放下女子，与小和尚继续赶路。小和尚不禁一路嘀咕：师父怎么了?竟敢背一女子过河?一路走，一路想，最后终于忍不住了，说：师父，你犯戒了?怎么背了女人?老和尚叹道：我早已放下，你却还放不下!

启示：君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚;心胸宽广，思想开朗，遇事拿得起、放得下，才能永远保持一种健康的心态。

这是我入学的第一次考试，我很紧张。带好了老师让准备的东西，进入了老师安排的考场。

考试前

啊啊啊啊啊！紧张死我了！数学这道题还不会啊！语文那道阅读还没做过！考试万一考到怎么办啊？！这组词语我还不会写，日积月累也没背过哎！比较大小的一直搞不懂！这道奥数题太难了！

考试前只剩下慌张，镇定都溜走了！

考试中

我的手心捏出了汗，糟了，数学的最后一道题太难了，还没好好复习，要交卷了。

语文，语文的看图作文太模糊，看不清画的啥！这个字怎么写啊！我要抓狂了，在内心咆哮，我谴责自己，为什么不认真听课呢！想起如果我考不好父母绝望的表情，我镇定下来。嗯嗯，看懂了，他随地扔香蕉皮让老奶奶摔了一跤，这个字是这么写的，对！太好了，数学的最后一道题思路有点弯……写完试卷检查了一遍，还没检查完，老师就收卷了，紧张啊！

考试后

紧张紧张，心像小兔子一样砰砰的跳。

老师念到：“第一名，胡晓莉，语文100，数学100！”

胡晓莉是我的同桌兼竞争对手。她轻蔑的看了我一眼，高傲的走上台领奖状和试卷！我不好意思的垂下头。

“第二名xxx，第三名xxx……”名字一个个过去了，没有我，我很紧张。

念完了最后一名还没有我，我差点哭了，我真的那么差劲吗？胡晓莉一边对我冷嘲热讽，一边向我炫耀成绩。

老师突然笑眯眯地看向我，我很紧张。

“咱们班考的最好的同学——孟小雨！她不仅得了双百，还做对了数学最后的十分附加题，稳居第一！校长为小雨发了双份奖状！”

我激动的上台双手接过奖状和试卷。

胡晓莉不服气地站起来：“老师，不是说我是第一吗？”

老师说：“小雨是年级第一。而且比你多了十分，你还不服气？晓莉，下次多做点题，就懂了！”

大家为我鼓起掌，我很高兴。

胡晓莉嫉妒的看向我，悄悄的在我耳边说：“我一定会超过你的！”

我眯起眼笑了笑：“乐意奉陪！”

In my opinion, examinations are necessary for students. They can tell us how much the students have learned and what their strong points and what their weak points are in their study progress. Therefore, the proper exams are useful to the students further studies. From

At the same time, they are also helpful to the teachers. The teachers can get to know clearly what their students problems are. Then they can get to change their teaching plans and improve their teaching methods so as to help their students study. However, if there are too many examinations, they will do more harm than good to the students. The examinations will become a heavy burden on the students. Sooner or later the students will get tired of them and lose interest in studying.

In a word, examinations are necessary, but too many are not good. Therefore we should reduce unnecessary examinations.

在我看来,考试对于学生是必要的。他们可以告诉我们多少学生已经学会了和他们的强项和弱点是什么在他们的研究进展。因此,适当的考试对学生进一步的研究是有用的。从与此同时,他们还帮助老师。教师可以清楚地了解他们的学生的问题是什么。然后他们可以改变他们的教学计划和改善他们的教学方法,帮助学生学习。然而,如果有太多的考试,他们将弊大于利。学生的考试将成为一个沉重的负担。学生迟早会厌倦他们,失去对学习的兴趣。

总之,考试是必要的,但是太多并不好。因此,我们应该减少不必要的检查。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

今天早上我早早的就起床了，因为今天要去学校拿这次期末的考试的成绩单。这是我上一年级的第一次期末的考试，我很想知道我考的怎么样。

我来到学校走进教室看见好多同学都早来了，我想同学们来的这么早也是很想知道这次考试的成绩吧！我坐在座位上等待着老师来，以前等待老师来上课的时候时间过得好快，可是今天等待老师来的时间过得真慢呀！

过了一会老师来了，老师还把这次考试的试卷也带来了，我坐在座位上心怦怦跳的厉害，心里在想这次我考的怎么样啊！会不会考的和上几次单元测试那样啊，当老师把试卷发给我时，我用最快的速度看了看我的成绩，呵呵还不错，比我单元测试考的成绩都要好。我下学期更要努力的学习，争取一年级下学期的期末的考试还要考出一个好成绩。

导语：雾霾作为环境保护的一个近期热点话题，能唤起初中生环保意识。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

【猜题理由】

近年来我国多地雾霾天气不断增多，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。作为环境保护的一个近期热点话题，能唤起初中生环保意识。

【预测题目】

假设你是李华，David是你的美国网友。他对目前中国出现的雾霆天气很关注，来信向你询问此事。请你给他写封回信。主要内容如下：

1.感谢他的关注。

2.简介雾霾 (smog) 天气给人们的身体、生活带来的危害。

3.谈谈你的感想。

注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯流畅;开头与结尾已写好，不计人总词数; 词数：120左右

【优秀满分范文】

Dear David,

Im glad to receive your letter. I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China.

Thank you for your concern. Im also very worried about such terrible weather because it has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to peoples health such as traffic jam, road accidents, bad coughs, throat hurts and ever lung cancers and so on.

As everybody knows, a good environment comes from good protection. So we should do what we can to make a difference. Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone has the environmental awareness can we have cleaner air.

Hoping to hear from you soon and share your good ideas.