九年级上册英语作文14篇(汇编20篇)

《智取生辰纲》选自《水浒传》作者罗贯中，本文主要讲了梁中书收集了十万贯生辰礼物送上京城，双让杨志护送，路经黄泥冈让梁山英雄用计策将生辰纲抢了去，杨志因喝了有蒙汗药的酒只好眼睁睁让他抢走了。

从文章反映了当时的社会动荡不安而且许多因生活所迫走上了反对朝廷的道路，当时农民生活很艰苦，但一个梁中书每年都送十万金银财宝送到京城贺寿，可想而之当时的朝廷多么腐败无能，贪官污吏数数皆是，他们个个都江堰市搜刮民脂民膏，不顾百姓的生活，为了讨好他们的上司，阿谀奉承，用百姓的钱来胡作非为。用一些花言巧语来欺骗皇上，让皇上认为天下太平。虽然我们今天生活很不错，但也有许多贪官，挪用公款请上司吃喝，就是这样地官官相护，让我们国家的文明建设上蒙上了一层阴影。

在杨志护送生辰纲时，一路是百加小心，但是又被别人抢了，杨志心思极密对森林中的形势也很了解，为什么会轻易相信他人的话而相信酒中无蒙汗药呢?其实杨志也算精明因为在他喝之前，他是多么仔细的观察，只不过是他们故意演给他看的，又因为他的手下都想喝而且自己也有些渴，所以才中了计。

其实，在生活中也是如此，每一天都有人中了计，原因是骗子因为钱而想出的各种办法，钱是一把双刃剑，钱给人们带来了便利同时也给人们带来了麻烦，有时可能是家庭的破裂。比如，炒股就是一个巨大的陷井，有时让人们辛苦来了钱，一会儿也就没了，有时它让人们一下便富了，更使人们对它的加大投资，直到他一贫如洗，甚至让人们走到了犯罪的道路。

只要我们在生活涉及到钱的问题，多关心、多注意，时刻保持着警觉，不能见小利而破大财，因为在社会上，那些犯罪分子无时无刻不在布置陷井，诱惑我们的贪财之心，使我们感到什么悔恨，所以做事一定要谨慎，不可莽撞，不然后果不可想象。

所谓“害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无”每个人之间都要保持一定的距离，把持一定度，不然贫财之心会迷了心志，做出伤害他人和自己一辈的事。

我的暑假(My Summer Vacation)

Summer time is the besttime of the year.There is no school for months I get to do what I want.With no tests no homework,Im as free as a bird.

I do many things during the summer vacation.I relax by reading books watching TV.I also hang out with my friends travel with my family.However,I dont play in summer.I take advantage of the free time to learn more.For example,last summer I learned to swim.This summer I might study computers or English.This summer vacation I got a part-time job in a snack bar. At the beginning, I couldnt do well at all often made mistakes. I was very low-spirited,father mother encouraged me a lot. So I began to try my best. Gradually, I could do a very good job. I felt very excited when I received my pay for the first time. I already made up my mind to find another part-time job in this winter vacation. I believe I can do better next time.

Summer vacation flies by fast,so its important to do as as you can.

作文点拨：

1、There be 句型

2、as free as a bird 像小鸟一样 as...as 像...一样

3、hang out 闲逛

4、take advantage of 利用

We should take advantage of our free time.

我们应该利用好我们的闲暇时间。

5、part-time job 打工

6、 try my best 尽最大努力

I try my best to learn English.

我尽最大努力学习英语。

7、make up ones mind 下决心，打定主意

It is early days yet to make up ones mind.

要下决心现在还为时过早。

I like the sky in the summer night,especially in my hometown,because its very beautiful. In the summer night, the sky is clear and bright, so that we can see many stars twinkling.

Some are crowded, and others are separated.

When the moon is not round, its light is weak, so it highlights the lights of stars. When the moon is round, its lights is bright.

We can see many things in the night because of the bright moonlight. I like counting stars in the summer night on the top of building.

Its very cool and it makes me relax. Because of these beautiful scazuowens and memories, I like go back my hometown in summer.

Id like to use this chance to express my thanks to my English teacher, Ms.

Wang.

In the past, I was not good at English, especially in the field of spoken.

Since I was too shy to speak anything in front of people, my oral English was

getting worse. Ms. wang found my disadvantage and she encouraged me that: I

believe you can do this, and there is no difficulties you cant overcome!

At

that time, I thought why cant I trust myself as ms. wang did? so, I got up

early to practice my spoken ability and ask Ms. wang any questions which I cant

understand. After the hard working of both Ms. wang and myself, I can speak

English in front of pelple now.

To sum up,Id like to express my gratitude to Ms. wang once again. Without

her help, I could not make such a big progress.

Learning English takes time so if we want to learn it well, we should spend

much time practicing using English every day. Besides, we should listen to the

teacher and take notes carefully in class. Go over what is learnt regularly and

finish doing our homework carefully.

If we have time,wed better isten to

English radio programmes, read English stories and newspapers, watch English

films and TV programmes ,keep a diary in English . If we make mistakes, correct

them at once and try not to make the same mistakes. Whats more, we should look

up new words in the dictionary before class and prepare each lesson carefully

before class. I believe if we work hard and have good ways of learning English,

we will learn English well.

Everybody knows that there is serious problem of water pollution on the

earth. Yes, water pollution is increasing.

Look! The water in the river is getting dirtier and dirtier. Most of fish

in the water have died, and we can’t swim in the water.

My grandfather says, when he was very little, the water in the river was

very clean. He often swam in the river with his friends.

That was before, but now we can’t see such clean rivers. Let’s protect the

water from pollution, because we can’t live without water. The water is really

important to us all.

我的假期

I’m going to the sun on my holiday. I will go there by a spaceship. I will take a big blue spaceship。

then I’ll pilot the spaceship to the sun. the sun is very hot. So I put on the super-shirt. In the morning, I will have some sun burger for my breakfast.

At eight o’clock, I will play with my friends there. they are super dog and super girl. Super dog is white and black. Super girl is very clever. Super girl and super dog like to play with me. So I play with them for forty minutes. then I do my homework in my little red room on a small blue table. After my home work, I will have my lunch. I will eat sun salad. I will make some red toy bear to the sun babies. I will have red juice, red fish and red rice. All the things are red. then I need a lot of water on the sun because the sun is too hot. So I will walk to the spaceship. I’ll pilot the spaceship to the earth.

[初中一年级英语上册作文

Since I came to middle school, I have made many friends and the lucky thing

is that I meet my best friend. Her name is Lucy, we are in the same class. The

first day I came to the class, I was so shy to meet the strange faces, then a

girl asked me to sit down with her. We talked happily and she introduced other

classmates to me. Lucy is a very nice girl.

When I am in trouble, she will help

me to solve it. I am so thankful to her, so I try to be a strong girl to return

her. When she meets trouble, I will help her without hesitation. Friendship

makes me stronger.

人教新目标英语八年级上册作文

1.用日记格式写一篇旅游经历的作文。Unit1

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2.谈谈自己的好习惯和坏习惯（可以从eating ，living，studing等方面写）unit2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-

3.你和你朋友在外貌和性格方面有什么异同呢请以"My best friend and I"为题,运用比较级写一篇英语文章.unit3

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4.新学期要到了,写一篇关于学期的计划,讲述一下自己打算在新的学期要做些什么提示:可以写自己在学习,健身,娱乐,培养业余爱好等方面的计划或打算.unit6

New Year’s Resolutions

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4.想想自己20年后的生活是怎样的。以“My dream”我的梦想 为题写一篇80词左右的短文 unit7

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5你最喜欢会吃什么菜呢吗？请根据本单元知识叙述一下这种食物的制作过程. Unit8

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6.假如你的好友邀请你去参加生日聚会，但因为你下周的日程已经排满，不能前往。请根据提示给她回信婉言谢绝，并表达你的谢意。Unit9

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7.你以后可能会有很多钱,想一想,如果你有了钱,你会用它做什么

以If I have a lot of money为题写一篇80词左右的短文. unit10

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8.假设李平是你的朋友，他目前的身体状况不好。他从来不锻炼，他经常感到很紧张，很疲倦，他爱吃零食，有时会胃疼。这几天，他感冒了。头很痛。请写一封信给他，并给他一些建议

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My family has five members: father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, of course, I. Everyone have their own characteristics, form a happy family.

Mother attaches great importance to the growth of I, every morning to go to work, come back at night, already very tired, but also trained my ability of learning. She gave up her job, for me to make a home every night to supervise my study. To work closer to home, my mother not afraid of hard work, run back and forth among the various sites. In addition to these, in order to save more money, she tired every day. She is a good mother, and a great mother.

In my impression, my father is particularly mild one, my mother is responsible for my study, my father is responsible for my extracurricular sports. In order to let me do more exercise in the holiday, he gave up several important meetings, took me to sport. He said: "during the holidays should not be lying down, sitting alone, want to go out more exercise. Exercise more to have a healthier body. For example the examination, you body is not healthy, it tests too." In addition to these, dad taught me a lot of extra-curricular knowledge, for me, he is like a "encyclopedia". Have all kinds of knowledge.

Grandpa, "head of interior" in my house. Up early do breakfast for us every day in the morning, do the housework. Noon also not idle, help grandma watering the flowers, mop the floor... In a word, grandpa in every day is very busy. Take care of my life every day, ten years like one day. I think my grandpa is very great.

Grandma is responsible for all kinds of household chores, sewing clothes, tidy up home... Is she in the busy every day, the room is in good order, clean and tidy. Grandma in addition to do household chores, also taught me a lot of life philosophy: perhaps not very deep, but in life, work well.

I love my family! At home with my family, my obsession. Is one of my most important wealth!

我的家庭有五个成员：爸爸、妈妈、爷爷、奶奶，当然还有我。每个人都有各自的性格特点，组成一个幸福的家庭。

妈妈非常重视我的成长，每天早上上班，晚上回来，本来就非常劳累了，还要训练我的学习能力。为了我她放弃了外地的工作，就是为了每天晚上能回到家监督我的学习。为了让工作地点离家近一些，妈妈不畏辛苦，在各种工地之中来回跑。除了这些，她为了多攒些钱，每天劳累的要命。她是一个好妈妈，伟大的妈妈。

在我印象中，爸爸是特别温和的一个人，妈妈负责我的学习，爸爸则负责我的课外运动。为了让我在假期中多做运动，他放弃了好几次重要的会议，带着我去运动。他说：“在假期里不能光躺着、坐着，要多出去运动。多运动才能有更健康的身体。比如说你该考试了，身体不健康就考不好了。”除了这些，爸爸还教给我很多课外知识，对于我来说，他像一个“百科全书”。拥有各种知识。

爷爷，在我家“主管内务”。每天早上起的早早的为我们做早饭，做家务。中午也不闲着，帮奶奶浇花，拖地……总之，爷爷在每天都是非常忙的。每天都照顾我的生活，十年如一日。我觉得我的爷爷很伟大。

奶奶负责各种家务活，缝衣服，收拾家……每天都是她在忙碌，屋子里才会井井有条、干净整洁。奶奶除了做家务以外，还教给我很多人生哲理：也许不很深奥，但在生活中，很管用。

我爱我家!家里有我的亲人、我的牵挂。是我最重要的财富!

It is well-known that smoke is bad for our health. But there are still many

people addicted to it and find it hard to quit. It is a problem make many people

confused. For this, I have some suggestions. Firstly, you have to aware the

disadvantages of smoke. If you don’t aware this, you won’t have the mind to do

it. Then what you need is a strong mind. There is a saying,” Nothing in the

world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.” So, a strong mind is

important.

What’s more, I have warm tips. If you really want to smoke, you can

have a chew gum instead of smoke. After a while, your desire to smoke will be

fade away gradually. Last, give yourself some awards. When you find yourself

make some progress, you can give yourself some awards. It is good. Hope you can

give up smoke successfully.

“凭君莫话封侯事，一将功成万骨枯”每每吟诵这句诗，便觉得一股血腥风之豪气席卷过五千年青史的长卷。“天下大势，合久必分，分久必合”，沧海横流方显英雄本色，而在风雨飘摇的秦末，燃起乱世的战火中，毋庸置疑那第一只手，是属于陈胜的。

曾从一本书上看到：“人的资质不同，又能差出多少?所谓无敌武士，不过力敌百人，纵横十六国的谋士，也有失手的时候。最后决定英雄的，还是他的心。他为何要凭临绝顶，俯瞰群山，这个是他心中的力量，可敌千军万马。”

起初，我不懂，直到从《史记》泛黄的纸页中，看到一个正为佣耕的少年怅恨唏嘘的身影，叹息着：“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”瞬间，我仿佛穿越了千年的光影，真实地感受到了一股睥睨山河的英雄抱负。或许，早在那个阳光灿烂的下午，那一席发自肺腑的衷言，就已注定了陈胜——这个不平凡的少年，将会在多年以后，步入历史变化莫测的舞台，大放异彩。

与其说是大泽乡那一场天降的瓢泼大雨，造就了中国历史上第一次大规模的农民起义;不如说是陈胜那一句“王候将相宁有种乎”的咆哮，震荡了赢氏王朝冷酷残暴的铁血统治。

从入木三分的时事剖析，到勇谋兼备的军事策划，从舆论准备的鱼腹藏书、篝火狐鸣，到起义发动的并杀两尉、为坛而盟。陈胜，这个寒门少年，完全展现了他一介布衣不应有的机智、胆魄和野心。

当大家都被陈胜的光彩吸引了眼球的同时，可曾注意到吴广?那个同为屯长的吴广，共商举事的吴广，“素爱人，士卒多为用者的吴广”，他好象拥有不逊于陈胜的条件，无论人脉、胆量抑或计谋，但最后他仍是甘居人下。或者，从那张“陈胜王”的书帛，从他甘听陈胜调遣去篝火狐鸣日“大楚兴，陈胜王”时，就已慷慨地把宝座让给了陈胜，让他成为众人眼中首屈一指的英雄。我只能说，吴广较之陈胜少了一颗英雄心，那是一种掌控天下扫荡六合的欲望，那是一种卓尔不群唯我独尊的胸襟。“且壮士不死即已，死即举大名耳”大概就是最好的诠释吧。

我很佩服吴广愿为绿叶的情怀，但是英雄必竟只有一个，我仰慕英雄，确切地说，是仰慕陈胜那一颗勇于振臂一呼的英雄心吧。

陈胜大军，一路势如破竹，恰恰揭示了秦王朝的腐朽所必然吹响的改朝换代的号角，这正是“强极则辱、官逼民反”的真实写照。高压手段，坑杀战俘换来的四野臣服，是恫吓下的屈从，不知柔怀则为乱国之本。太宗皇帝说得好：“水能载舟，亦能覆舟。”当陈胜、吴广在秦末的战场上浴血奋战时，他们怎能想到自己只是这一场颠覆江山的鏖战之配角而已，他们的出场只是为了拉开楚汉之战的盛大序幕。农民起义注定有农民的局限性，就象一蓬烟花无论绽放得多么惊艳壮丽，也难逃灰飞烟灭的历史宿命。

陈胜得势后，诛杀故人，“由是无亲陈王者”，骄傲自大，“故天下传之，伙涉为王，由陈涉始”，听信谗言，“诸将以其故不亲附”。凡此种种，焉能不败?部下田臧与吴广有隙，假传王令斩之，秦二世命骊山修阿房宫数十万工匠充军反扑，情况急转，涉之车夫贪功斩陈胜首而献之，诸将纷纷立之为王。凡此种种，焉能不亡?

必竟是布衣出身，没受过先贤治国之道的熏陶，摒弃了文化忠孝礼仪的学问。陈胜，那个揭竿而起欲救万民于水深火热的英雄，那个直捣黄龙凭一腔热血欲创万世基业的英雄，应该就是千万农民的代表吧。代表了他们的挣扎，他们的愤怒，他们的反抗，他们的不甘。曾经那颗英雄心殷红如血、光耀天地因为里面承载的是天下动荡、人民疾苦，后来，那颗英雄心黯淡沉沦、一不振，因为里面牵念的是荣华富贵、淫逸骄奢。他失去了那颗英雄心，所以他败了，也代表着农民的素养难抵红尘声色，终不足以踏入历史的最高点掌控河山。

“陈胜虽已死，其所置谴王候将相竟亡秦，由涉首事也。”一场轰轰烈烈的农民起义，记载到史册上的，也不过是这只言片语罢了。自陈胜后，民心鼓舞，纷起倒秦，所以才有了汉高祖刘邦斩蛇起义的光辉，却都是后话了。

升沉荣辱，布衣将相，成败英雄心。

In recent years, I find it easier to our resources dried up. All of these, because we have recently a lot of collection resources, leading to our mothers are dwindling.

What is the mother of all resources less and less? Is, of course, we humans excessive spoiling dont cherish, would cause such a serious result. Our earth forest area has reached 600 million hectares, the figure is due to our human previously has important sense to protect the environment, know that if you dont have a good environment, we wont be able to breathe to the light wind gently brushed the grass surface sweet taste. And now? Us that the earths forest area is still not arrived 6 hectares, this kind of situation, it is because we humans cut down trees and destroying forest without restraint, make almost fell by 1% in each of the forest area in the world, now our protection in the nature of the important consciousness is more and more shallow, dont take care of the objects around, as the forest is less, the first bite of the air we breathe is less and less fresh...

Is not destruction of forest resources, and our mineral resources. It is limited, now our production technology constantly improve, the accelerating speed and shortage of some minerals occurred, even dried up. Until then, we will always stay in the desolate landscape.

In the face of these, can see there are so many resources in we lost too much! We rely on resources too much! All around us, little drops of the resources are in decline, if lost it all, we will how to live! So, let us sincerely treat our mother earth, try to cherish, to cherish. If only use a small plastic bag, it should not be too!

Let us act, to defend the earth!

近几年来，我发现我们的资源越来越容易枯竭了。这些，都是因为我们最近大量的采集资源，才导致我们的母亲日渐枯竭。

是什么让我们这位母亲的资源越来越少了呢?当然是我们人类过度的糟蹋不珍惜，才会造成这样严重的结果的。我们的地球森林面积曾经达到了6亿公顷，这笔惊人的数字是由于我们人类以前有着保护环境的重要意识，深知如果没有了良好的环境，我们也就无法呼吸到微风轻拂过草面的甜美味道。而现在呢?我们地球的森林面积还不到了6公顷，这种状况，就是因为我们人类不加节制地砍伐树木和毁林开荒而造成的，使世界上的森林面积几乎每年减少了1%，现在我们的保护在自然的重要意识越来越浅，不爱护身边的一草一木，由于森林逐渐变少，我们呼吸的第一口空气也就越来越不清新……

还不止森林资源被破坏，还有我们的矿产资源。它是有限的，现在我们的开采技术不断提高，速度不断加快，使某些矿种发生短缺，甚至面临枯竭。到那时，我们将永远呆在荒凉的大地上。

面对这些，可以看出来我们失去的资源真是太多太多了!我们的依赖的资源也太多了!在我们身边，点点滴滴的资源都在减少，如果失去了这一切，我们将如何生活!所以，让我们真心地善待我们的地球母亲，努力去珍惜，去爱惜。哪怕只是多用一个小小的塑料袋，这也是不应该的!

让我们行动起来，保卫地球吧!

Last night I had a beautiful dream. I had turned into an alien. I flew myUFO in the sky. Suddenly I saw some people playing in a park. They were veryhappy. I wanted to join them. So I landed in the park and got out of the UFO.When the people saw me， they were scared. I said hello to them. But they didn tundersta—nd me.

After a while， only a kid came to me and asked， "Who are you？""I am your friend. "The boy got happy. He moved to my UFO. "May I play withyou？" "Sure. You can play in the UFO with me. "When we got into the UFO， itstarted to fly into the sky. Suddenly it fell to the ground. I was scared andjumped up from the bed. Oh！ It was a dream！

In recent years, my hometown has changed greatly, because of new road and

railway has been built. Previously, my hometown was closed to the outside world.

Several years ago, the government paid much money on changing the basic

equipment of my hometown.

Building new roads is the biggest project. It took

about half a year to build the new road. After finish, people have more methods

to make money. And we have more communication with other places, which is a good

way to develop ourselves. About two years latter, the railway was built. After

that, there have been more and more changes happened in my hometown. Now, my

hometown has developed into a big and rich town. People live a happy life.

我常常想，生命是什么?生命的力量究竟有多大?可能谁也说不清。有人说，生命是极其脆弱的，瞬间就会化为乌有。可是我却认为生命是无比强大的。 I often think, what is life? How powerful is the power of life? Maybe no one can say.Some people say that life is extremely fragile and instantly turns into black.But I think life is extremely powerful.

有一天，我到一片草地上玩耍，突然，我发现草丛中有一只蟋蟀，我心中就起了一个坏主意：要不我把它解剖开，看一下它体内是什么东西。于是，我悄悄地靠近它，然后一把伸手，它却从我的眼皮底下逃走了，连续几次都没成功。突然，我想到了一个好主意，我先把一根草放到空旷的位置，等蟋蟀去吃草的时候，我就把它一把抓住。

果然，我的计划施行成功了。当我把蟋蟀的翅膀弄下来的时候，我看它无精打采的，就把它放到地上，看破它还会动不。谁知，它还拼命地用前脚和后脚挣扎着，不一会儿，它便开始爬了起来，赶快逃离了。它的一举一动吸引着我，把我深深打动了——这么弱小并且没有翅膀的蟋蟀，居然能在危险时快速逃离了现场，说明了它对生命的热爱，以及它生命的强大。

人们都说草是“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”。我就感到奇怪了，不是说火可以把什么东西都烧了吗?怎么却烧不了小草。怀着好奇心的我，拿着打火机来到草地上，把一小片草点燃了，顿时，绿油油的草便成了黑色的草。春天到了，我到草地上看，被我点燃的哪还是黑草，已经长出了绿油油的草。这表现出小草顽强的生命力和热爱生命的特点。

树枝折断了，还会再生长;草儿枯黄了，明年还会发芽……生命的力量是多么令人惊叹呀!动物、植物都如此热爱生命。我们每个人更要珍惜生命，热爱生命，体现生命的价值，使自己活得更加光彩有力，切勿虚度年华，让生命白白流失。

人生的幸福是短暂的，人生的痛苦认人恋恋不忘。

当幸福来临时一定是人最高兴的时刻，比如说这件事，当父母外出打麻将，赢钱是，心里是多么的激动，他们也觉的这是一种幸福。反而来说：父母打麻将输钱是，心里总是冰凉凉的，像似掉进了永无止境的深渊，那情绪面对每一个人都是极其痛苦的。

要改变自己的生活，就必须要用微笑面对生活，幸福美满的生活是来自不易的，要看你是怎样面对的。要想自己的生活变得幸福美满，你得认真面对。“‘塞翁失马就是这样的’一件好事并非是一件好事；一件坏事并非是一件坏事。” 总之而言就是要——用微笑面对生活。

Memory is important for everyone in all ages. How to improve it? It is a

complex question. I have several suggestions. Firstly, have enough rest. Enough

sleep can make sure brain works normally, because when people sleep, their brain

and other organs also can rest. Enough rest can provide enough energy. Secondly,

keep always thinking. Do not get used to the current situation. Keeping thinking

when meets things can exercise brain. Thirdly, eat some healthy food that is

good for memory, such as, radish, cabbage and spinach. I think these are helpful

to improve memory.

东汉末年，汉室倾颓，局势混乱，各地群雄割据，人才择主而事。汉室后裔刘备怀有兴复汉室之志，但势单力薄，无法与群雄抗衡。为实现统一大业，刘备广揽人才，筹谋大计。而此时诸葛亮“躬耕陇亩”，避世待时。在建安十二年，刘备三顾茅庐，以诚纳贤，终于请得卧龙出山，并按照诸葛亮的意见开始了光复大业。

《隆中对》是人物传记节选，但它的核心部分却是一篇才华横溢的对策──诸葛亮对刘备为“信大义于天下”而问“计”所作的回答。对策的主要内容是，劝说刘备先夺取荆、益二州作为王业的根基，然后跟西南少数民族和睦相处，并外结孙权，内修政理，使战略后方得到巩固;待到时机成熟，再从荆、益二州出兵，北定中原。这是诸葛亮在精辟分析当时形势特点的基础上得出的结论，是对发展前景所作的天才预见。人们常说的“未出茅庐已知天下三分”就是指这篇对策而言。

文章通过隆中对策，给读者塑造了诸葛亮这个具有远见卓识的政治家和军事家的形象。他善于审时度势，观察分析形势，善于透过现状，掌握全局，并能高瞻远瞩，推知未来。诸葛亮的崇高智慧和科学预见，并非天性而来，而是建筑在对现实的深入观察和了解，对形势的科学分析和对历史经验总结基础之上的。

有了“隆中对”才有了三国的历史，才有了刘备、诸葛亮的青史留名，才有了让后人荡气回肠的三国历史风云。读后该文，结合现实，有以下几点体会，与大家共勉。

隆中对讲的是经营战略问题。洞悉毫厘，决胜千里，作为一名管理者如果缺乏对事物环境的科学分析和事物发展变化的科学预测，或者说没有战略性眼光，就不会有科学的决策，也就不会有科学的计划去组织和实施好管理工作。对形势的准确分析，对未来的准确预见，并定下具体可行的计划去实施，这正是诸葛亮对于刘备的助益所在。所以作为一名企业管理者一定要有战略经营思想，作为一名公共行政管理者就应具有科学的发展观，而作为一名地方领导干部更要有区域战略的经营规划和目标，不同的区域不同的发展阶段面临不同的发展课题，尽管在演义小说展示的主要是诸葛亮“鬼神不测”的战术变化，但《隆中对》的总揽作用，确立了诸葛亮军事战略家的地位。这几百字的短文，就包含了战略制定的环境分析、优劣势对比、路径选择、培育核心竞争力等主要方面。我们可以把它放到现代的语境下稍加分析。

1.环境分析

“自董卓造逆以来，天下豪杰并起”，无论是政治斗争还是企业经营，都需要首先了解所处的是个什么样的环境。环境带来机会，也带来威胁，把握好环境带来的机会，这是天赐之“势”，所谓“天时”，“顺天乘时”，是一种最顺利的成功路径，特别是对于相对弱小的个体来说，改变环境的作用可以忽略，把握机遇对成功具有更大的意义。任正非在谈到华为的成长时候说“华为成长在全球信息产业发展最快的时期，特别是中国从一个落后网改造成为世界级先进网，迅速发展的大潮流中，华为像一片树叶，有幸掉到了这个潮流的大船上，是躺在大船上随波逐流到今天，本身并没有经历惊涛骇浪、洪水泛滥、大堤崩溃等危机的考验。因此，华为的成功应该是机遇大于其素质与本领。”诸葛亮首先认为，自董卓之后，原来的汉王室基本上气数就已经到头了，刘备虽然是 “帝室之胄”，但试图在原来的汉王室的基础上去恢复汉王室的机会基本上消失。同时，乱世的出现，才可以再造江山，否则赶上“文景之治”的开明盛世，想法去谋个一官半职就是了，即使是“万夫不当之勇”、“经天纬地之才”也只好在大局势面前臣服。有人说“事在人为”，“机会是自己创造的”，只能相对的来看。但机会来了，并不是谁都可以利用，说“机会是给有准备的人的”，也需要在大局观下来看。相比于政治上的更迭，市场变化的周期要小的多，理论上说在一个三五年的战略周期里面，企业是可以做好准备“逮”机遇的，这需要对局势发展的洞察能力，有幸运的成分，但不完全是。同时，局势的发展演化也有固有的规律，所谓 “分久必和、合久必分”也是对局势变化的一个粗略概括，产业同样有产业周期说。发展规律存在对战略制定的意义在于：你希望苟安于某一个中间状态的位置是非常不稳固的。所以诸葛亮为刘备规划的是一个立国的大战略，而不单纯是一个三分天下。而只有以其卓越的“企业家精神”弥补蜀国内在的劣势而进入统一状态，才真正能建立其百世基业的“壁垒”。所以分析环境，第一是发现环境中可以利用的机遇在什么地方，第二是预测局势发展的轨迹。

2.优劣势对比与方案选择

“智者乐水，仁者乐山”，“智者，曲折而行;成者，另辟蹊径。”，杀身成仁，知其不可为而为，对于智者来说，都是愚蠢的行为，或者说是不得已的选择。智者之所以乐水，是因为“水善利万物而不争”，“夫唯不争，是故无人与其争”。其实，不以道家的这种高迈的养生态度来看，以一种竞争的格式来说就是：高明的战略家所设计的竞争路线都是选择对方最薄弱的环节，所谓孙子之“攻其不备”。毛泽东走“农村包围城市”，娃哈哈的非常可乐也是“农村包围城市”，但理解“农村包围城市”，其实也是在优劣势对比分析的基础上，选择自己具有相对优势的地方。再强大的对手，也有它的“沼泽地”，所以设计合理的战略路径，就可以在每一次的交锋中与“可战之敌”而战，从而在竞争中壮大自己，在迂回曲折中走向成功。格鲁夫说英特尔是“只有偏执狂才生存”，英特尔做出向微处理器行业的决策方式和诸葛亮一样：诸葛亮认为曹操占尽天时，拥兵百万，事实上已经坐大，“不可与争锋”，英特尔判断日本的存储器生产拥有绝对成本优势，竞争下去已经注定必败。诸葛亮判断“益州险塞，沃野千里，天府之国，高祖因之以成帝业”，英特尔判断信息产业将进入微机时代，微处理器芯片会成为核心。诸葛亮认为刘备“帝室之胄，信义著于四海”，有自己入川的优势条件。英特尔认为在微处理器上已经有一定的积累，相比于其他对手有开发优势。所以所谓的路径选择就是利用已有的优势选择可以战胜的对手并在竞争中发展壮大的过程。

诸葛亮的路径选择是从区域地理面上规划，毛泽东的路径选择是从区域地理结合人文地理来规划。产业竞争上分析对手可以做出更多的剖面来分析对手的弱点从而确立存在的机会：产品档次、营销渠道、地理位置、上下游。选择路线第一是生存问题，第二是发展问题，有的位置可以呆，但是却失去了发展的空间，至少不能说是最优选择。诸葛亮选择益州做为复兴的基业，后世也受到一些批评，认为益州之地固然易守难攻，但是要想走出去却也不容易，不过诸葛亮本来的规划是荆州、益州两地互为支撑，荆州失守是个意外。

3.培育核心竞争力

诸葛亮为刘备规划的核心竞争力就是“人和”，在“人和”的基础上可以内修政理，外修同盟，内修可以总揽英雄，百姓拥戴，外修可以创造一个有利的国际环境。我觉得把“培育核心竞争力”引入战略规划，在发展上增加了“时间柔性”，就是说存在“待时”的可能，因为企业虽然在一定程度上可以推动产业的发展，但毕竟里面的变数太多，时间上更不可能完全按照自己的规划发展，即使环境无法完全控制，太刚性的规划失效的可能性就比较大。象一些企业做三到五年规划，然后把指标分解到每一年应该达到什么程度，从某种程度上说，只是自己的一厢情愿。过分在战略规划中引入数字上的指标，并曲意逢迎，反而可能破坏企业长期发展的竞争优势。也就是说规划得有权变思想。

对于一个地区，一个国家何尝又不是如此呢?只有结合本地实际，审时度势，科学分析和规划，打好自己的品牌，才能驾驭现在，把握未来，尤其是科技日新月异、市场激烈竞争的今天。从“发展才是硬道理”到“科学发展才是硬道理”。

陈涉，一个出身牖瓮的英雄，一个卑微的佣耕者。你曾在繁重的耕作中发出不甘受人奴役的呐喊------苟富贵，勿相忘。你在辍耕太息时向世人表白自己的凌云壮志“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉”，于是，一场突如其来的大雨使你久压在心头的怒火终于有了发泄的机会，使你的鸿鹄志向终于有了实现的可能。你审时度势，勇谋兼备，于是给后人留下了一段“置书鱼腹，篝火狐鸣”的传奇神话。你义愤填膺，慷慨激昂，等高直呼那句”王侯将相宁有种乎”的千古绝唱。那呼声惊天地泣鬼神，震撼着每一个戍卒的心灵，于是一个个投入到你阔大的胸怀。

你们斩草为木揭竿而起，你的壮举石破天惊，打破了沉寂的历史天空，粉碎了嬴政千世万世的痴想，是你用自己的义举印证了“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”的经典至理。

你见识非凡，对天下洞若观火，你身先士卒披坚执锐，冲向伐无道诛暴秦勇士的最前列。你沉着指挥运筹帷幄，大军势如破竹所向披靡，敌人闻风丧胆弃城而逃。你让历史出现了一个奇迹：张楚，一个农民的政权。是你撼动了大秦残暴统治的根基，是你让暴秦的倾国大厦风雨飘摇。

陈胜，“苟富贵，勿相忘”的那句誓言还回荡在穷哥们耳畔时，你却信誓旦旦。那是无穷的富贵让它淡化，是富丽堂皇让它褪色，于是你拿起弃信背誓的刺刀直插敌人心脏的同时，也将自己刺于朋友的口碑之下。这样，你的前途变得黯淡阴晦，结局变得悲壮惨烈，最后自己环眼倒竖无奈而倒，只给自己铸就了180多天的辉煌。但你生发出的革命火种却熊熊燃起，是你给楚霸王，汉高祖指明了前进的方向，是你铺就了他们前进的道路。后人景仰你，崇拜你，这样你的英名和等身的历史功绩入主世家永载史册。

陈胜，是你“死国可乎”的爱国情怀激励一代又一代的有志之士为正义而前赴后继，所以历史才变得摇曳多姿。张角、黄巢、宋江……不正是你的化身吗?是你的壮举证明了“水可载舟，亦可覆舟”的道理，是你向那些称孤道寡的皇帝敲响了历史的警钟，他们才变得居安思危。这样中国历史才出现了“文景之治，康乾盛世”之类的辉煌。然而你却无缘品味自己留给后人的巨大财富，只能含笑于九天之上，长眠于黄泉之下!

展望古今中外风流人物，看历史的车辙辗转，留下了辉煌的痕迹，触动了我的心灵。

项羽触动了我的心灵。这位“力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮雅不逝”的霸王，一位诸侯混乱中力挽狂澜的能者，令各路诸侯匍匐称臣的王君，一位破釜沉舟以激动士兵的将帅，垓下一战，不肯过江东，金戟一扬，血洒疆场。他创下一番霸业因要面子付诸流水，我为他惋惜。

苏轼触动了我的心灵。东坡，那个在“拣尽寒枝不肯栖，寂寞沙洲冷”的惊魂未定中自省反思，从而悟儒家之推已及人，会佛家之众生平等，领道家之珍重生命，集众家之精华，铸造“一蓑烟雨任平生”“也无风雨也无晴”的超脱豁达。我为他赞许。

司马迁触动了我的心灵。“一代君权痛蚕室，千秋史笔溯龙门”的司马迁，在蒙受不白之冤，遭受宫刑之辱下，为达成先父遗愿，完成自己的理想，在狱中艰苦度月，终于著成了“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”的千古传承的《史记》。我为他的坚毅表示赞许。

梵高触动了我的心灵。梵高，这位印象派画家，为探究一个未被发现的新世界，不惜放弃自己的家财。论家境，他的家族是当时欧洲最大的画商，几乎控制着全欧洲的美术市场，他完全可以迎合时尚以谋利，但是他却不屑。他的思想超前，难以为人接受。终于，在巴黎一处无人知晓的角落里，梵高像自己笔下的向日葵一样绽放自己最后的美丽。他自尽在一片金黄的麦田中，一如他的追求光明。我为他的执著赞许。

望古今中外多少风流人物触动了我的心灵：苟践卧薪尝胆，韩信受胯下之辱而富强，祖狄闻鸡起舞，生活即是艺术的毕加索……他们编著的篇章，他们的品质，他们的精神，是人类历史上的魂宝。我要学习他们的精神，让自己的人生别有洞天。

他们的所有已经融入历史的汗青，不管镌刻的是人们褒扬或是贬斥，但他们遗留下的痕迹，在无声中起舞，触动了我的心灵。