关于描写小动物英语小作文（最新20篇）

我最喜欢的动物英语作文1：

my pet is a toy bear. his name is small white. he is white. he has blue eyes and blue ears. his hands and feet are blue too.he is naughty.

he likes to make fun of me. he likes reading.

when i am unhappy, he accompanies me.

he is my good friend.

我最喜欢的动物英语作文2：

maybe everyone has a kind of animal which he favourite,me too!

i like all the little animals,but my favourite animal is dog,maybe you will ask the reason,why do i like it ?very simple ,cause of his loyal heart,and they are so cute,they always make a friendly ship with people.they are friends to the human.they bring too much joy to us!do you agree with my view?

and whatyour opinion?

我最喜欢的动物英语作文3：

I like animals very much, such as horses, monkeys, cats, tigers and so on. But I like dogs best. Why? Because they are very cute and friendly.

我非常喜欢动物，比如马，猴子，猫，老虎等等。但是我最喜欢小狗。为什么呢?因为他们很可爱很友好。

I have a white dog. Its name is Bobo. She is a female dog. She comes from Beijing, China. She has two big eyes and a small month. She wears white clothes. She often walks around at home. It has nothing to do. She likes eating ice-cream so much, So do I. When I eat ice-cream, she will look at the ice-cream carefully. So I will give her some to eat.

我有一只白色的小狗。它的名字叫波波。她是一只小母狗。她来自中国北京。她有一双大眼睛和一个小嘴巴。她穿着白色的衣服。 她经常在家里到处走。但是没关系。她喜欢吃冰激凌，我也是。当我吃冰激凌的时候，她就会很认真的看着冰激凌。所以我会给她一些吃。

I think Bobo is the cutest dog in the world.

我觉得波波是世界上最最可爱的狗狗。

I have a parrot. Its name is Nancy. I call it Nancy， because it is my passed grandmother’s name. I love her and hope she can accompany with， so I name my parrot her name. Nancy is very beautiful. Its fur is special comfortable. It is clever， too. At first， it can’t say any words， but now it can say many words. Like， good morning， good afternoon， good night， good bye and so on. it learns fast. I love it very much.？

Today, I went to the park with my parents. I saw monkey, giraffe and so on. When we took a break in the lake, I saw a lot of goldfish in the lake. People threw food into the water, then suddenly all the fish came and ate the food. It was a crowd of fish, and I was shocked, but then they went away quickly.

今天，我和父亲母亲去公园了。我看到了猴子，长颈鹿等。我们在湖边休息的时候，我看到湖里有许多金鱼。人们把食物扔到水里，突然所有的鱼都来抢食物。很大一群鱼，我震惊了，不过很快它们就散开了

Hot summer girl just left, gentle autumn girl walked on the footsteps of light, quietly came to earth.

The autumn girl dressed in a golden dress. She came softly on the grass. Although the autumn girls footsteps light, for fear of moving the grass sweet dream. However, the autumn girl left, the grass is not as tender as spring, nor as quiet as the summer, but showing a faint yellow goose.

Where did the autumn girl go? Oh! It was the original to the big tree, and it was like a piece of golden sea. Autumn leaves swept, leaves have fallen, some like butterflies dancing, and some like the Yellow Eagle wings fly, and some like the actors in the ballet. The ground is full of leaves, would like to put a layer of thick carpet.

The orchard of the harvest scene. Look, the apple that is covered with branches, head down, blush, how shy little girl! There is that piece of mature pomegranate red face, grinned, as if to tell jokes? The Look at the distant hawthorn, red like a round of flames of the flames, the peoples heart to burn up.

Walking in the country on the road, full of mature crops. In front of a golden corn, golden grain broke the coat of corn cobs.

Autumn girl quietly quietly to the big map on the brilliant colors, to the hard-working people to bring the joy of harvest!

我喜欢的小动物是海龟，它有一个圆圆的脑袋，可以在龟壳里自由伸缩。它有一个厚厚的外壳，那个壳既像是它的家，又像是它的盾牌，可以阻挡危险，保护自己。它的脚不像乌龟那样有一个个小爪子，而是像扇子一样扁平扁平的。在海洋里，它能像鱼儿一样在水中随心所欲地游来游去，这与它像扇子一样的脚有很大关系。海龟只有离开水后便爬着走，那速度才是真正的龟速。

My favorite small animal is the turtle, which has a round head and can flex freely in the shell. It has a thick shell, which is like both its home and its shield. It can stop danger and protect itself. Instead of having a small claw like a tortoise, its feet are flat and flat like a fan. In the ocean, it can swim freely in the water like a fish, which has a lot to do with its fan-like feet. Turtles only crawl away from the water, and that#39;s the real speed.

海龟产卵的时候不像其它动物妈妈一样产完卵就不管了，而是用沙子将卵藏好，以防其他动物偷吃，真是一位贴心的妈妈。它们的窝更是奇特，别的动物的窝都是用沙土堆起来或是在陆地上打一个洞，而海龟则是在海底打一个洞住进去。小海龟出生一个月后，海龟妈妈就不会再管自己的宝宝了，而是让它们自己生活下去，让它们学会自己成长。

Turtles do not lay eggs like other animal mothers. They hide eggs in sand to prevent other animals from stealing them. It#39;s really a kind mother. Their nests are even more peculiar. Other animals#39;nests are piled up with sand or made a hole in the land, while turtles make a hole in the sea floor. One month after the birth of the baby turtle, the mother of the turtle will no longer take care of her babies, but let them live on their own, let them learn to grow up.

这就是我喜欢的动物，海龟。

This is my favorite animal, the turtle.

My father is a nice man. He likes to play computer games. He is an owner of a factory which produces many things .He is good at designing. He works very hard. I love him very much because, sometimes, I can help him to do something in his factory .He is always on business trips because he has his business everywhere so it takes up too much of his time . Therefore, he doesn’t have any time to play with me but I don’t blame him for that.

I often spend a lot of my time on the computer, so I have something to do. My mother is usually on the phone and tells my father to get home early but my father doesn’t listen to her. So my mother and I sometimes are upset and I don’t like my father in a sense that he always gets home late.

I love my father but not his job!

[描写我的爸爸的英语作文

there is only so much land on the earth, and so what we can do with it is limited. some people believe that human needs for farmland, housing and industry should come first, while others believe that some land should be set aside for endangered animals. i am of the opinion that we should reserve some land for the worlds animals for the following reasons.

first, mankinds need for land is constantly growing. if the demand is not checked in some way, humans will eventually develop all of the earths available land. at that time, mankind will have no more room to grow, and all the wild animals will have disappeared, as well as other valuable resources. second, humans are able to innovate and can use the land that they already possess in more efficient ways. animals are unable to do this. once their land is taken away from them they will die. third and last, endangered animals are an important part of the biodiversity of our planet. if they disappear, we cannot predict what the effect will be. therefore, we should treat such animals as a valuable resource to be protected.

to sum up, the worlds endangered animals are an important resource and we should protect them by setting aside some land for them. although mankinds need for land continues to grow, people are intelligent and inventive enough to put the land they have to better use. in this way, we can have enough land for farming, housing and industry, and preserve the biodiversity of the planet at the same time.

Sunrise at Sea

Ba Jin

I would often get up early to watch the sunrise when it was not yet quiet light and all was quiet except for the droning of the ship engine.

The sky was pale with a bluish blue. Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon，expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter. Knowing that the sun was about to rise, I had my eyes fixed on the distant edge of the sea.

As expected, the sun soon appeared revealing half of its face, which was very red but not bright It kept rising laboriously bit by bit as if weighted down with a heavy burden on its back until，after breaking through the rosy clouds;it completely emerged from the sea aglow with a lovely red. Then，before I knew it, the dark red orb began to shine blazingly, dazzling my eyes until they stung and all of a sudden lighting up the surrounding cloud.

Sometimes，hidden by the clouds, the sun nonetheless shed its rays straight onto the sea water, making it difficult for me to distinguish between the sky and the sea because what I saw in front of me was nothing but a wide expanse of brilliant light.

Sometimes, with thick layers of dark clouds hanging in the sky, the sun was hardly visible to the naked eye. But its radiance managed to show through the dark clouds to edge them with golden lace. Then, after gradually breaking through the tight encirclement, it came into full view and even dyed the dark clouds purple or scarlet. At the moment, apart from the sun，the clouds and the seawater, I too was luminous.

Wasnt that a marvelous spectacle?

Autumn rain, like a box of colorful pigments.

Look, it gives red to persimmon, red persimmon, like a light lantern, according to ah, according to the beautiful autumn. It gives the sun to the sunflower, yellow sunflower like a sun, according to ah, according to the autumn of the sweet smell. Golden yellow is to the rice, see, the golden rice like the earth covered with a golden carpet. Red apple you squeeze me, fight people to pick it! Sweet-scented osmanthus fairy to get more color, orange, pale yellow, golden ... ... beautiful sweet-scented osmanthus in the rain often nodded.

The rain of the rain blows up the golden horn, and he tells everyone that winter is coming soon. The wild goose flew to the south, the snake in the stepping holes, ready to sleep comfortable sleep, small ants get bread slag, rubbish ... ... when the grain, maple, elm leaves floating at the foot of the mother The They have to prepare for the winter.

Autumn is a world that makes me feel happy, and the kids let us enjoy the joy of autumn.

奶奶 养了一只刚出生不久的小狗宝宝。它全身雪白，如果 冬天 它在雪地里玩耍，你根本找不到它，因为它的皮毛实在太白了。一条短小的尾巴，四条还站不稳的腿，耷拉下来的三角形耳朵，像两颗闪闪发光的宝石般圆溜溜的眼睛，一个湿漉漉的鼻子，一张贪吃的嘴巴，可爱的很。

小狗宝宝性格 温和，如果你对它好，它一见了你就会用头顶你的腿，或者举起两只前脚向你表示问候，让你和它玩耍。小狗宝宝也很会向你撒娇。记得我第一 次见小狗宝宝，那时我们互相还不熟悉 ，可它却跟在我的脚边，“呜呜”地叫着，直到我抱起它，才高兴 地伸出红红的小舌头不住地舔着我的手。

小狗宝宝，机灵的很，你每次给它送饭的时候，它总会叫几声，然后拱起屁股，再摇摇尾巴，好像说：“谢谢你，朋友 ，你吃饭 总是不忘记 我，你真是我的好朋友！”

记得那次，与小狗相处一个暑假后我要回去了，却一直没见小狗宝宝的影子，我想小狗宝宝一定是在哪里追着一群母鸡奔跑呢。于是，便安顿奶奶要照顾 好小狗宝宝，带着失落 的心情 上车了，一路上车里没有我的一点欢声笑语，爸爸 妈妈 讲了许多笑话 ，我依旧沉默 不语。到家了，我突然听到一声熟悉的叫声，循声望去，看到从车座下面滚出一个小球球来，仔细一看，原来是小狗宝宝，我高兴的手舞足蹈，嘴也笑得合不拢了。原来小狗宝宝知道我要走了，趁我们不注意偷偷地跑了车座下面。

就因为小狗宝宝的机灵，我便叫它机灵鬼，我想这一点也不夸张

每个人都有自己心爱的东西，我就爱我家那只可爱的小狗。

我爱的那只小狗有点儿与众不同，好像总是长不大。小小的眼睛黑溜溜的，水汪汪的。耳朵垂在脑袋两边，不像小白兔那样顺风竖着，还会灵活转动。鼻子的嗅觉出奇的灵敏，如果妈妈买了熟肉，它大老远就闻到了香味，围着桌子团团转。饭后妈妈把骨头扔给它吃，它欢快地摇着尾巴连忙跑去把骨头叼起来躺在阳光下，一边沐浴阳光，啃着骨头，一边还不时用两只警惕的眼睛扫视周围，生怕别人抢走它的美餐。

小狗全身毛茸茸的，白胖胖的，像一只胖乎乎的小熊猫，显得十分可爱。小狗在白天的时候，视力很好，晚上视力就不是那么好。它很爱干净，在它要方便的时候总会跑到少有人去的草丛，而吃东西时，它不会在“被窝”里吃，因为它怕弄脏自己安适的“被窝”。

小狗很尽职，每天都像巡警一样，在房屋旁边巡逻，一见有陌生人来便汪汪大叫。晚上，它就躺在“被窝”里休息，它的听觉很灵敏，一听见有什么声音，便会探出脑袋向四周环视一下。有一天傍晚，它正甜甜地睡着，忽然有东西在厨房发出一声叫声，它马上跑到厨房，和那厮进行了一场激烈的搏斗，最后把一只大老鼠叼到我面前，好像在炫耀它的功劳。

我家的小狗多讨人喜欢，它多么可爱，多么尽职。

Article two: visit the Great Wall composition 300 words

The Great Wall is my dream place, today I came to the the Badaling Great Wall in Beijing.

We began to climb the Great Wall. The Great Wall was covered with a piece of brick, very smooth. The Great Wall is very wide, five or six horses can be parallel, like a wide and long street. Every section of the road there is a Beacon Tower, Beacon Tower used to light fireworks convey important military, such as the enemy occurred, table is connected, transmitting military.

I look much against the wall, the Great Wall looks like a long dragon winding prone in the lofty mountains and high ranges between stretch as far as eye can see, under the blue sky, the queue is mighty, magnificent. To the distance, the mountain peaks on the rolling, tree verdant. Like a sea of green. I looked down, only a car such as beetles, a pedestrian as ants.

Standing on the Great Wall, tread the brick, leaning on the wall of stone, it is natural to think of the working people of ancient construction of the Great Wall. No car, train, crane handling tools of ancient, two thousand or three thousand pound brick rely on ancient craftsmen a express to this steep mountains, its not easy! Dont know how many people are dead in the the Great Wall, because of the ancient working people have today this magnificent dragon.

The Great Wall, you are so powerful, how magnificent, I love you.

MaoxinqiIn Nan Tong, spring is very beautiful. Trees are all green, flowers are all lovely. It’s warm most of the time, and sometimes it’s rainy. People like the season best, but I don’t. People usually go rowing and fishing, go for a walk in a park and have a Sports Day. Students are reading in the morning. Farmers are engage in farming. Spring is a busy season !

Summer is very hot, but people feel very happy. Sometimes in Nan Tong it’s rainy and cool. It’s hotter in Nan Tong than in Qingdao, so people usually eat ice-creams and go swimming. I like summer best, because my birthday is in summer. I can catch insects, play water with my friends, and I have a summer holiday. Summer always makes people feel happy!

Autumn is the best season in Nan Tong. It is cool and usually sunny. Sometimes it’s windy. I like flying kites and going camping.

People can go to farms in the countryside and pick apples, bananas, oranges… I like autumn too, because it is a season of results!

Winter is very cold and windy. Sometimes I can make snowmen. I usually run and jump in the winter, Nan Tong’s winter is as cold as in Shanghai, but it is colder in Beijing than in Nan Tong. People always wear a lot of clothes. And go shopping before New Year’s Day!Nan Tong’s four seasons are quiet fine! (Teacher: Songyuebo)

Nowadays more and more people keep animals as pets; they treat them as their family members. But there is someone who likes to torture animals. They do this for some reasons: they don’t like animals, they get fire or they are just not happy. Some people think it’s fine to torture animals, because people are suffering more pressures than before; they need some way to be relaxed. In my point of view, I think animals deserve better.

In the first place, some animals are kept as pets in family. They are a part of it, like dogs or cats. They can bring people happiness. Lost of parents have pets for the reason that it could help their children learn to care about others; they think it’s a good way to teach children to be a good person. For the single people, pets could be a good companion, especially for an introvert, they prefer to talk to an innocent animal better than a person who is wearing a mask.

In the second place, people who are like to torture animals may have some psychological problems. If someone is suffer too much pressure that they couldn’t breath, they should find a healthy way to release it, for instance, they could go to swimming, jogging or climbing. They don’t have to hit pets to release their anger. Some people even cut pet’s ear or claw or had pet’s eyes gouged out. This is really sick; it’s hard to understand that what kind of people would hurt an animal when they are look into their innocent eyes.

In sum, animals is a lovely creature that made by god to bring happiness to human beings. People should treat them better than torture them.

现在越来越多的人把动物作为宠物,他们对待他们的家庭成员。但有喜欢虐待动物的人。他们这样做有一些原因:他们不喜欢动物,他们得到火灾或他们只是不开心。一些人认为它很好折磨动物,因为人们的痛苦比以前更多的压力,他们需要一些放松的方法。在我的观点,我认为动物应该得到更好的。

首先,一些动物作为宠物饲养在家庭。他们是其中的一部分,像狗或猫。他们可以给人们带来幸福。失去父母的养宠物的原因,它可以帮助他们的孩子学会关心别人,他们认为这是一个好方法教孩子成为一个好人。单身人士,宠物可能会是一个好伴侣,尤其是对于一个内向的人,他们更喜欢跟一个无辜的动物比一个戴着面具的人。

第二,喜欢虐待动物的人可能会有一些心理问题。如果有人受到太多的压力,他们无法呼吸,他们应该找到一个健康的方式来释放它,例如,他们可以去游泳,慢跑或爬山。他们没有达到宠物释放自己的愤怒。有些人甚至把宠物的耳朵或爪或宠物的眼睛剜了。这是真的病了,很难明白,什么样的人会伤害动物当他们看着他们的无辜的眼睛。

总之,动物是一种可爱的动物,由上帝给人类带来幸福。人们应该对待他们比折磨他们。

Pet Raising

饲养宠物

Nowadays, with the improvement of the people’s living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. Some raise small dogs or cats as their pets while others raise various birds or fishes as their pets.

如今，随着人们生活水平的提高，有些人形成饲养小的动物或者家禽作为宠物的一个习惯。有些人养小狗或猫作为宠物而有些人则饲养各种鸟类和鱼类为他们的宠物。

However, some people object to the idea of raising animals as pets. To them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings. On the other hand, the way people raise animals as pets have a negative influence on the surroundings ,for example, dogs’ chasing people on the street and so on. What’s more, some animals will transmit some diseases.

然而，一些人反对饲养动物为宠物。对他们来说，动物们就像人类一样，有过自然生活的权利。另一方面，人们养宠物对环境有负面影响，例如，狗在街上追赶人等。更重要的是，有些动物会传播疾病。

In my opinion, I do not like the idea to raise animals at pets. We should not deprive them of their natural right. In this way, we will live in a peaceful world in harmony with the other living creatures.

在我看来，我不赞成。我们不能剥夺他们的自然生活的权利。在这种方式中，我们将与其他生物生活在一个和平的和谐世界。

[我最爱的宠物英语作文

In our country,the number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller.Some of them are even dying outThe dangerous methods we human being has taken are as follows:

We have been cutting the trees to build houses,so the home of animals is intruded and they have to find new places to live.In this process,some of them died in the new environment.

The abuse of pesticide has also been endangering the life of wild animals.

In addition,in order to earn money,people have been killing the rare wild animals.

In that we have realized the threat of our behavior to our best friends,we should take actions to change such a condition by taking the following methods:

We should protect the wild animal by protecting the environment that they live in and protect themselves,not to hurt them.At the same time,we should establish more natural reserves for the wild animals.

I believe as long as work together to protect the wild animals,our life will be more and more comfortable.

在我国,野生动物的数量正变得越来越小。他们中的一些人甚至死那个危险的方法我们人类采取了如下:

我们已经减少树木盖房子,所以家里的动物侵入,他们不得不寻找新的居住地。在这个过程中,他们中的一些死于新环境。

农药的滥用也危害野生动物的生命。

此外,为了赚钱,人被杀死珍稀野生动物。

在我们意识到我们的行为的威胁我们的最好的朋友,我们应该采取措施改变这种情况采取以下方法:

我们应该保护野生动物,保护环境,他们住在保护自己,不要伤害他们。与此同时,我们应该建立更多的自然保护区的野生动物。

我相信只要共同努力,保护野生动物,我们的生活将会越来越舒适。

Holiday, my father and I went to Beijing tourism. We visited our great the Great Wall. The Great Wall a total of three species, they are sea the Great Wall, the Great Wall and the Great Wall hill road. The starting point of the Great Wall in Qinhuangdao, at the end of Jiayuguan, is about 6000 kilometers long.

First of all, we climbed up the mountain is the famous the Great Wall -- the the Badaling Great Wall. I saw the the Great Wall is like a dragon lying in the ups and downs of the mountain. Despite the hot weather, the slope high and steep, but I still to overcome difficulties, done in one vigorous effort to reached the top of the Great Wall, received a "less than the Great Wall of non hero" certificate. On the peak, I have a feeling to become an immortal.

The third day, we went to the sea the Great Wall -- Qinhuangdao Ning Haicheng attractions, it is to resist the enemy attack from the sea and the troops off the place. I picked up some shells, in the play under the sea, took several photos later went to the Great Wall road -- Shanhaiguan the Great Wall. It has "the best in all the land" said, "the best in all the land off" five words per word 1 meters high. Because of the way the Great Wall is not very long, so I only spent more than an hour to go over it.

By visiting our ancient the Great Wall, I think the ancients created is really great, I was a Chinese proud!

I like the program" Animal World" . First of all, I like animals, especially small animals. Secondly, the host is able to make the program lively and interesting. Thirdly, through this program I know a lot of things that I havent known before. I gain some knowledge about animal life, such as, different lives of various kinds of animals, the relationship between people and nature, people and animal, and the importance of animal protection.

I want to say that animals are part of nature as we are. They can not be separated from the humans. We must keep nature in balance.

Please give your love to animals. Stop killing them.

我喜欢“动物世界”这个节目。首先，我喜欢动物，尤其是小动物。第二，主持人把节目办得既生动又有趣。另一方面，通过这个节目，我知道了许多以前不知道的关于动物生活方面的事情，例如不同动物的不同生活习惯，人与动物之间、人与自然之间的关系，还有保护动物的意义。

我想说的是，动物是自然的一部分，它们与人类不可分割，我们一定保持生态平衡。

请把你们的爱给它们吧，不可以杀害它们。

Autumn, like a naughty little child, he ran the East, West stroll, while you do not pay attention, gave the earth painted a colorful color.

He gave the woods yellow, red and green, gave the field gold, red, white, gave the orchard purple, red, yellow, but the autumn gave the most beautiful scenery to the garden.

If you are on the way to the garden, you can smell the flowers in ten miles away, that fragrance fragrant, refreshing, people feel relaxed and happy.

We look at the chrysanthemum it, it is red, purple, yellow ... ... they have some of the head blooming, and some shy shy answer, and some poured branches, some polite, welcome guests to the arrival of the Their most beautiful, the most elegant side for everyone to see. Osmanthus is not as bold as chrysanthemums, hiding in the lush foliage in the exudes of fragrant aroma, and some also secretly clawed leaves, peeking peoples actions. A cluster of sweet-scented osmanthus embrace together, like a golden ball, looks very beautiful.

I love chrysanthemum and sweet-scented osmanthus, love them proud of the spirit of pride.

Spring is coming! That beautiful, flowers are blooming in the spring has finally arrived!

To meet this girl, but the spring was drizzle patches, comfortable spring breeze that leaves 10 million out of a bloom of willows. Too delicate grass, fresh leaves, bright colored flowers, like a country fair like all wanted to come to form a dazzling spring of tears. Swallow is no exception, out of breath flew from the north, for the glory of spring to add a lot of vitality.

Pairs of swallows through the mountains, across the lake, to the south, already exhausted, but felt so beautiful in the spring, as if eating a lot of chocolate this thing, get active, have the spirit. In the spring of play, flying the green fields, circling in the water and some play tired of the swallows were standing a few poles that mark utility poles. Ah! How like a lovely note, read music at that memorials became still hear the music.

The campus is rich and colorful spring. Beautiful winter jasmine are welcome too! Avenue, both sides of the trees, the trail on both sides of flower Fan Ye Mao. Spent everywhere on campus, a distance looking like a campus covered with thick snow, the last to see people feel the sky is beautiful snowflakes drifting. Lawn Lvyin Yin, the central set up with a century-old trees, next to the beautiful flowers there are a few bundles decorated the lawn more attractive, more beautiful. Really like a beautiful picture.

Spring innocent beautiful!

[写春天的英语作文5篇

I am a student from Xinhua High School in Chongqing，China。 Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for animals， I cannot resist my inner excitement，hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals 。

In my mind，nothing can delight me so much as caring for animals。 Wherever I go and whatever I do， I usually keep in mind that animals are angels from the heaven， which bring us endless comfort and pleasure。 I have been a panda lover since my childhood。 Panda is so lovely that brings fun to people and they are regarded as the treasure of our country。 Unfortunately，such a rare species is now faced with the danger of being extinct。What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for our earth companies。