胸有成竹的成语解释及故事精选20篇

楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余。请画地为蛇，先成者饮酒。”

一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之，乃左手持卮，右手画蛇曰：“我能为之足！”未成，一人之蛇成夺取卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足？”遂饮其酒。为蛇足者，终亡其酒。

注释

祠——音词，祠堂，封建社会中祭祀祖宗或先贤、烈士的地方。这里是祭祀的意思。

舍人——部属，在自己手下办事的人。

卮——音之，古代饮酒用的器皿。

固——固然，本来的意思。

安——文言疑问词，怎么、怎样的意思。

亡——不存在，这里是失去、得不到的意思。

战国策——我国一部古书的名称。原来只是一些零散的材料，记载我国战国时代谋士和说客的.政治活动及其言辞。西汉人刘向将这些材料进行了整理和校订，按照东周、西周、秦、齐、楚、赵、魏、韩、燕、宋、卫、中山十二国排列起来，一共编成三十三卷，简称《国策》。

点评：

这个画蛇添足的人，不仅骄傲，而且愚蠢，弄巧成拙，到口的酒反被别人喝了。喝不成酒事小，害人害已事大。有的人办事，总是觉得自己高明，比别人了不起，于是不顾客观实际，主观武断，失败的，不论对国家、人民或自己，都具有危害性。

成语解释：

锤：用锤子敲打；炼：用火烧炼。比喻经历多次艰苦斗争的锻炼和考验。也指对文章和作品进行多次精心的修改。

成语出处：唐 皮日休《刘枣强碑》：“百锻为字，千炼为句，虽不迫躅太白，亦后来之佳作业。”

成语繁体：千錘百煉

成语简拼：QCBL

成语注音：ㄑ一 ㄨㄟˊ ㄅㄞˇ 一ˋ

常用程度：常用成语

成语字数：四字成语

感情色彩：中性成语

成语用法：千锤百炼联合式；作谓语、定语、状语；含褒义。

成语结构：联合式成语

成语年代：古代成语

成语正音：锤，不能读作“cuī”。

成语辨形：炼，不能写作“练”。

近义词：精益求精、精雕细刻

反义词：粗制滥造

成语例子：诗家好作奇句警语，必千锤百炼而后能成。（清 赵翼《瓯北诗话》卷一）

英语翻译：be steeled over and over again

日语翻译：鍛えに鍛える

俄语翻译：тщательно отраатывать

其他翻译：sich hundertfach bewǎhrt haben

成语谜语：锻件

成语故事：

晋朝时期，大将军刘琨一心想匡扶晋室，见到晋室内部争斗激烈，内心十分痛苦，他在《重赠卢湛》诗中抒发自己的感慨：“时哉不我与，去乎若云浮。朱实陨劲风，繁英落素秋。狭路倾华盖，骇驷摧双辀。何意百炼钢，化为绕指柔！”

我看过很多成语故事，有《拔苗助长》，有《画蛇添足》，还有《铁杵磨成针》，但我印象最深刻的是《亡羊补牢》。

这个故事讲的是一个人养了一群羊。一天，羊圈破了，羊丢了几只。邻居好心劝他修好羊圈，以免再次丢羊，可他却说：“羊已经丢了，还修羊圈干什么呢？”第二天，他再去看时，又少了两只羊。这时他才后悔没听邻居的劝告，赶忙修好了羊圈。从此这个人再也没有丢过羊。这个故事告诉我们：只要及时纠正错误，听取劝告，就不算晚。

看完了这则成语故事，我不由得想起了二年级的事情。那时我的口算成绩非常差，可我漠不关心，总认为只要认真就可以了。但我的口算不但没有提升反而下降的更猛了。爸爸劝我：“赶紧练习口算吧！别再让口算成绩下滑了。”但我仍然置之不理，最后口算亮了红灯，我才抓紧练习口算，终于又取得了好成绩。

从这个故事中我明白了要及时纠正错误，还要听取别人的劝告，希望大家也可以知错就改。

汉武帝妹妹隆虑公主的儿子昭平君，是汉武帝的外甥，隆 虑公主知道昭平君倚仗权势，经常为非作歹，难免要惹出大事。她担 心自己死后，昭平君会犯死罪无人救他，便在病重时对武帝说：“陛 下，我愿以一千斤黄金和一千万钱，为昭平君预赎死罪。”这种事没 有先例，但汉武帝见她病生得很重，为了安慰她，也就点头应允了。 隆虑公主死后，昭平君因没有人管束他，日益骄横。一次他酒后 杀人，被捕入狱。武帝非常难过，叹息道：“我妹妹很晚才生这个儿 子，死前把他托付给了我，现在要判他死罪，我实在不忍心呀!”左右 的大臣们都说：“公主早已替他赎了死罪，陛下就赦免他一次吧!” 武帝摇摇头说：“法令是先帝制定的，必须遵守。如果因为我的 亲属而破坏法令，岂不失信于民?” 最后，武帝狠了狠心，还是下诏处死了昭平君。 处死了昭平君，武帝心里很难过。但是，太中大夫东方朔却向武 帝祝酒说：“赏功不避仇敌，罚罪不考虑骨肉，这两点陛下都做到了。 四海之内的百姓就会各如其所愿。”

【释读】原指各人都得到满足。后指每个人或事物都得到恰当、舒适的位置或安排。所：好的东西，想要的东西。 各自得到自己想要的安置。

【出处】《周易系辞下》：“日中为市，致天下之民，聚天下之货，交易而退，各得其所。

In the Warring States Period, a man in the state of Chu was offering a sacrifice to his ancestors. After the ceremony, the man gave a beaker of wine to his servants. The servants thought that there was not enought wine for all of them, and decided to each draw a piecture of snake; the one who finished the piecture first would get the wine. One of them drew very rapidly. Seeing that the others were still busy drawing, he added feet to the snake. At this moment, another man finished, snatched the beaker and drank the wine, saying,"A snake doesnt have feet. How can you add feet to a snake?"

This idiom refers to ruining a venture by doing unnecessary and surplus things.

古时候，楚国有一家人，祭完祖宗之后，准备将祭祀用的一壶酒，赏给帮忙办事的人员喝。参加的人很多，这壶酒如果大家都喝是不够的，若是让一个人喝，那能喝得有余。这一壶酒到底怎么分呢？

大家都安静下来，这时有人建议：每个人在地上画一条蛇，谁画得快又画得好，就把这壶酒归他喝。大家都认为这个方法好，都同意这样做。于是，在地上画起蛇来。

有个人画得很快，一转眼最先画好了，他就端起酒壶要喝酒。但是他回头看看别人，还都没有画好呢。心里想：他们画得真慢。又想显示自己的本领，他洋洋得意地说：“你们画得好慢啊！我再给蛇画几只脚也不算晚呢！”于是，他便左手提着酒壶，右手拿了一根树枝，给蛇画起脚来。

正在他一边画着脚，一边说话的时候，另外一个人已经画好了。那个人马上把酒壶从他手里夺过去，说："你见过蛇吗？蛇是没有脚的，你为什么要给它添上脚呢？所以第一个画好蛇的人不是你，而是我了！"

那个人说罢就仰起头来，咕咚咕咚把酒喝下去了。

In the song Dynasty (960-1279),there was a scholar whose name was Wen Tong and who styled himself Yuke. He was not only admired by others for his great learning, but also enjoyed widespread renown for his bamboo drawing. Every day there were always quite a few peoply who called at his house to ask for one of his bamboo drawings.

北宋画家文同，字与可。他画的竹子远近闻名，每天总有不少人登门求画。文同画竹的妙诀在哪里呢？

Actually, Wen Tong loved bamboos so much that he had grown various bamboos everywhere around his house. No matter what season it was and no matter whether it was sunny or rainy, he used to go to the bamboo forest to observe how they were growing. He pondered over the lenght and breadth of the bamboo poles as well as the shapes and colours of the leaves. Whenever he had gained a new understanding, he went back to his study, spread a piece of paper and prepareed some ink by rubbing an ink stick on an ink slab, and drew what was in his mind on the paper. Through accumulation over a long period of time, the images of the bamboo in different seasons, under different weather conditions and at different moments were deeply imprinted in his mind.So whenever he stood before the paper and picked up a painting brush with concentrated attention, the various forms of the bamboo which he had observed at ordinary times at once rose before his eyes. And so every time he was drawing bamboos he appeared confident and at ease, and all the bamboos he had painted were very vivid and true to lift.

原来，文同在自己家的房前屋后种上各种样的竹子，无论春夏秋冬，阴睛风雨，他经常去竹林观察竹子的生长变化情况，琢磨竹枝的长短粗细，叶子的形态、颜色，每当有新的感受就回到书房，铺纸研墨，把心中的印象画在纸上。目积月累，竹子在不同季节、不同天气、不同时辰的形象都深深地印在他的心中，只要凝神提笔，在画纸前一站，平日观察到的各种形态的竹子立刻浮现在眼前。所以每次画竹，他都显得非常从容自信，画出的竹子，无不逼真传神。

When people spoke highly of his paintings, he always said modestly that he had just put the images of the bamboo imprinted in his mind on the paper.

当人们夸奖他的画时，他总是谦虚地说：“我只是把心中琢磨成熟的竹子画下来罢了。”

A young man wanted to learn bamboo drawing; when he knew that Chao Buzhi had made a profound study of Wen Tongs art of drawing, he went to Chao Buzhi for instruction. Chao Buzhi wrote a poem to him. In the poem, there are the following two lines:

When Yuke was painting the bamboos,

He bad their images ready in his bosom.

有位青年想学画竹，得知诗人晁补之对文同的画很有研究，前往求教。晃补之写了一首诗送给他，其中有两句：“与可画竹，胸中有成竹。”

Later people have summarized the lines as " having had the images of the bamboo ready in ones bosom," which means having had ready plans or designs in ones mind before doing a certain job so that its success is guaranteed. It is also used go mean being calm and cool - headed in dealing with things.

“胸有成竹”，比喻做事之前已作好充分准备，对事情的成功已有了十分的把握；又比喻遇事不慌，十分沉着。

This story comes from an article writted by Su Shi concerning Wen Yukes art of bamboo drawing.

延伸阅读：

指鹿为马－中国成语故事中英对照

Calling a Stag a Horse 指鹿为马

In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him.

秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。

One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse Im presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldnt be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers."

一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”

The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gaos face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions.

大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。

Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day."

一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”

After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed.

事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。

This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。

枕戈待旦－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Western Jin Dynasty there were two young men.One of them was Zu Ti and the other was Liu Kun.Both of them were men of ideals and integrity who were chivalrous and of a sanguine disposition.They not only wrote excellent articles but also were fond of practising martial arts to keep fit, in order to render meritorious service to the country.Both of them were chief clerks responsible for document administration in Luoyang.Although in appearance the Jin Dynasty had jurisdiction of the Central Plains comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Haunch and threatened by foreign invasion.Zu Ti and Liu Kun often talked about the countrys situation till late into the night,and each time they talking very excitedly again.

西晋人祖逖和刘琨，都是性格开朗、仗义好侠的志士。年轻时不但文章写得好，而且都喜欢练武健身，决心报效祖国。当时，晋朝表面上还管辖着中原大地，但实际上已是内忧外患，风雨飘摇了。祖逖和刘琨一谈起国家局势，总是慷慨万分，常常聊到深夜。

Liu Kun fell asleep without knowing it,but Zu Ti was too excited to fall asleep." Cock-a-doodle-doo,"came the crow of rooster in the wasteland.Zu Ti jumped up and kicked Liu Kun awake:"Listen.How inspiring the roosters crow is.Lets get up and practised on a slope.From then on,they kept practising sword playing vigorously and energetically in the wasteland every day when they heard the first crow in the morning.

一天，祖逖又和刘琨谈得十分兴奋，刘琨不知什么时候睡着了，祖逖却久久沉浸在谈话的兴奋之中，不能入睡。“喔，喔，喔－－”荒原上的雄鸡叫了起来，祖逖一跃而起，踢醒了刘琨：“听，这雄鸡啼鸣多么振奋人心呀，快起来练剑吧！”于是，两人操起剑来，在高坡上对舞。从此，他俩每天清早听到头一声鸣叫，一定来到荒原上抖擞神练起剑来。

Deeply moved by Zu Tis patriotic passion,Liu Kun was determined to devote himself to his homeland.Once he wrote to his family:"At the time when the country is in dire peril,I am resolved to dedicate myselt to the service of my country.I often fear that I might lag behind Zu Ti in rendering service to the country,and,in fact,I am behind him..."

刘琨被祖逖的爱国热情深深感动，决心献身于祖。一次他给家人的信中写道：“在国家危难时刻，我经常‘枕戈待旦’（枕着兵器睡觉一直到天明），立志报国，常担心落在祖逖后边，不想他到底走到我的前头了！……”

The words" sleep with my head pillowed on a spear,waiting for the day to break"vividly described Liu Kuns determination to dedicate himself to the service of the country and to fight the enemy at any time.Later,this set phrase is used to mean maintaining sharp vigilance and being ready to fight at any time."

故事出自《晋书·祖逖传》。“枕戈待旦”出自刘琨《与亲故书》，形象地写出了刘琨随时准备杀敌报国的决心。后来用作成语，形容时刻警惕敌人，准备作战。

后来居上－中国成语故事中英对照

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAns post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers "to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

洛阳纸贵－中国成语故事中英对照

In the Jin Dynasty (265-420) there was a famous writer whose name was Zuo Si who, however, was very naughty and did not like to study when he was a small kid.His father often got angry, and yet young Zuo Si was as naughty as ever and would not study hard.

晋代文学家左思，小时候是个非常顽皮、不爱读书的孩子。父亲经常为这事发脾气，可是小左思仍然淘气得很，不肯好好学习。

One day, Zuo Sis father was chatting with his friends. his friends envied him his clever and loverly son. Hearing this, Zuo sis father sighed, "Please do not mention him. My son Zuo si does not study as well as I did when I was young, although I did not study well enough myself. It appears that he is actually a good-for-nothing."So saying, he looked disappointed. All this was witnessed by young Zuo Si. He felt very sad, feeling intensely that he would not be able to have a bright future if he did not study hard. So he was determined to study assiduously from then on.

有一天，左思的父亲与朋友们聊天，朋友们羡慕他有个聪明可爱的儿子。左思的父亲叹口气说：“快别提他了，小儿左思的学习，还不如我小时候，看来没有多大的出息了。”说着，脸上流露出失望的神色。这一切都被小左思看到听到了，他非常难过，觉得自己不好好念书确实很没出息。于是，暗暗下定决心，一定要刻苦学习。

Day after day and year after year, Zuo Si gradually grew up. Because of his unremitting afforts in hard study, he became an erudite scholar and wrote very excellent essays. The "Ode to the Capital of the State of Qi", which took him one year to write, showed his brilliant literary talent and laid the foundation for his becoming an outstanding writer. then he planned to write an "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"with the local conditions and customs as well as the produce of the three capitals as its content. In order to achieve the desired effect in content, structure and language, he applied himself to research work with great concentration, and was so absorbed in creative writing as to forget food and sleep. It took him ten whole years to finish the writing of "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu", a literary masterpiece.

日复一日，年复一年，左思渐渐长大了，由于他坚持不懈地发奋读书，终于成为一位学识渊博的人，文章也写得非常好。他用一年的时间写成了《齐都赋》，显示出他在文学方面的才华，为他成为杰出的文学家奠定了基础。这以后他又计划以三国时魏、蜀、吴首都的风土、人情、物产为内容，撰写《三都赋》。为了在内容、结构、语言诸方面都达到一定水平，他潜心研究，精心撰写，废寝忘食，用了整整十年，文学巨著《三都赋》终于写成了。

The "Ode to the Capitals of the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu Han and Wu"was well received by the broad masses of readers after it made its appearance to the public, and people considered it as superbly written as the "Ode to the Western Capital (Changan) and to the Eastern Capital (Luoyang)"written by Ban Gu (32-92) and the "Ode to the Western Capital and to the Eastern Capital"written by Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to A.D.220). As the art of printing had not been invented at that time, people who were fond of this "Ode"had to make handwritten copies of it themselves. As there were so many people who vied with each other in making handwritten copies, the supply of writing paper fell short of the demand in Luoyang went up greatly.

《三都赋》受到谅也评，人们把它和汉代文学杰作《两都赋》相比。由于当时还没有发明印刷术，喜爱《三都赋》的人只能争相抄阅，因为抄写的人太多，京城洛阳的纸张供不应求，一时间全城纸价大幅度上升。

This story comes from "The life of Zuo Si"in the book "Literary Field"of The History of the Jin Dynasty. Based on this story, people have coined the set phrase "the price of writing paper went up greatly", meaning the overwhelming popularity of a new work causes shortage of printing paper, to show how popular an outstanding piece of literary work is.

故事出自《晋书·文苑·左思传》。成语“洛阳纸贵”，称颂杰出的作品风行一进。

嗟来之食 中国成语故事中英对照

food handed out in contempt嗟来之食

【成语来源】

One year during the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期,770-476 BC), there was a the Qi State (齐国) was severely strickend by a famine.

春秋时代，有一年齐国发生大饥荒。

Qian Ao (qián ào 黔敖), a very rich but arrogant man took the occasion to showcase his generosity through preparing food by the roadside and giving it to the passing refugees in charity.

有一位叫做黔敖有钱贵族，在街边准备食物分发给来往的难民，以显示自己的慷慨。

A man with shabby clothes happened to walk by with his shoes trailing along, he was so hungry as not to open his eyes.

有一个饥民，用衣袖蒙着脸，拖着鞋，饿得眼睛都睁不开的样子，慢慢地走过来。

Seeing the poor man, Qian Ao held the food by left hand and the drink by right hand, and shouted at him,"Hi, come to eat !”

黔敖见了，就左手拿着吃的，右手捧着喝的，向他喊道：“喂，来吃吧！”

Hearing the word, the man glared his eyes and said, “It is because I am not willing to eat the food handed out in contempt that I have been famished to such a degree. "

那人一听这话，立即瞪着眼睛，说道：“我就是因为不吃‘嗟来之食，才饿到这般地步的。"

Though Qian Ao made an apology to him for that, the man still resolutely refused to eat the food and thus he died of hunger in the end.

尽管黔敖向他道歉，那人仍然坚决不吃，终于饿死了。

This set phrase now extensively denotes the disrespectful aims. This story means that a person who has a strong sense of self-respect would rather die of hunger than be despised.

此故事讲的是一个怀有强烈自尊心的人，宁可饿死也不肯接受人轻视。现在这个成语泛指带有侮辱性的施舍。

【文化链接】

中文中“嗟来之食”的意思就是“带有侮辱性的施舍”，英语直译就是“something handed out in contempt”，那如果是“主动去乞求帮助或是施舍”的话，英语该如何表达呢？

英文中常用惯语有“come hat in hand”，也就是是乞求或请求别人“施舍”，求人给一些原本不属于你的东西，源自英国民俗，根据当时英国的民间习俗，当一个人穷困潦倒、无以为生时，就可以手持帽子，低声下气地向别人乞讨，以获取他人的同情，这是一种非常丢脸的行为，所以一般人除非迫不得已，否则是不会这样做的。

所以，come hat in hand 常用来比喻“走投无路”、“穷困潦倒”、“有求于人”。

例如： Retired workers need not come hat in hand to ask for supplementary allowance. （退休工人就不必卑躬屈膝地请求追加补助费了。）

【出处】《论衡·解除》：晋中行寅将亡，召其太祝，欲加罪焉。曰：“子为我祀，牺牲不肥泽也，且斋戒不敬也，使吾亡国，何也？”祝简对曰：“昔日吾先君中行密子，有车十乘，不忧其薄也，忧德义之不足也；今主君有革车百乘，不忧义之薄也，惟患车之不足也。夫船车饬则赋敛厚，赋敛厚，则民谤诅。君苟以祀为有益于国乎？诅亦将为亡矣！一人祝之，一国诅之，一祝不胜万诅，国亡不亦宜乎？祝其何罪？”中行子乃惭。

晋国的中行寅，在家族大难当头的时候，召来掌管祭祀的太祝，想问罪处治。

他质问道：“你为我祭祀，想必是供神的三牲祭品不肥美，斋戒的心境不虔诚，以致激怒了鬼神，使我们家族处于灭亡的境地。你为什么要这样？”

太祝简回答说：“当年我们的先君中行密子，仅有车十乘，但他并不嫌少，每天思虑的是修养德行，崇尚正义，唯恐有所过失。而现在您已拥有兵车百乘，却不考虑修养德行，只嫌兵车不足。要知道滥造战船兵车，穷兵黩武，势必加重对百姓的征敛；赋税徭役过重，必然招致百姓的怨恨和责骂。您难道真以为祈祷上天会造福家族吗？民怨沸腾，人心背离就会灭亡！而且您想我一人为您祝福，而举国上下却在诅咒您，一口称颂难平万众怨恨，您的家族将亡不是很自然的事吗？我又有什么罪呢？”

中行寅听了羞愧万分。

后人用“亡国怨祝”的这个典故告诉我们一个真理：国家兴亡在于人心向背。

出处：《·雍也》。

意思：这么好的人得了这么恶的病。嗟叹好人因不治之症而死。

孔子有个学生叫伯牛，姓冉名耕，鲁国人。孔子认为他的道德修养是比较高的。鲁定公时，孔子代理鲁相，曾推荐冉伯牛担任中都县宰。 读书笔记

后来，冉伯牛不幸害了一场病死了。孔子对于他的病死非常痛惜。死前，孔子曾亲自去看望过他。《论语·雍也》记载说：孔子从窗口里握着他的手，叹道：“完了，难道是命运注定的吗!这样的人竟害了这样的病!这样的人竟害了这样的病啊!”

为什么孔子从窗口里握冉伯牛的手呢?一种说法：古代礼节，同尊长相见，必须向北行礼，冉伯牛知道孔子要去探病，就特地把床移到南窗下，以便让孔子面南，受伯牛礼拜;可是孔子表示谦虚，同时也不愿病人勉强起床行礼，所以就在南窗外看望了病人，从窗口里握他的手。

也有一种说法：冉伯牛生的病，是一种恶疾，他不愿让人进他的病室，所以在窗口里同孔子相见。这个说法似乎比较合理，孔子痛惜的话“这样的人竟害了这样的病”，也才有了根据,句子。

周公是周武王的弟弟，一直忠心辅佐武王和成王。

姜子牙被封在齐地。过了五个月，姜子牙回来向周公报告齐地的情况。周公问他：“你怎么这样快就报告情况呀？” 姜尚回答说：“我简化了君臣之间的礼节，一切按照当地风俗去做，所以快。”

周公的儿子伯禽被封在鲁地，当了鲁公。三年后伯禽向周公汇报鲁地的惰况。周公问他：“为什么这么慢才来汇报？” 伯禽答道：“改变那里的习俗，革新那里的礼法，三年后才能看到效果，所以来晚了。”

周公听了，叹道：“唉，鲁国的后代将要当齐国的臣民了！政令不简单易行，百姓就不会对它亲近；政令平和易行，百姓才会乐于接受（平易近人）。”

“平易近人”现指态度和蔼可亲，使人愿意接受。

兵不血刃这则成语的意思是兵器上没有血。表示未经作战就取得胜利。

这个成语来源于《晋书.陶侃传》，默在中原，数与石勒等战，贼畏其勇，陶侃讨之，兵不血刃而擒也，益畏侃。

东晋的屯骑校尉郭默作战勇敢，曾与后赵的建立者石勒等作过战，石勒等都很怕他。但此人一贯骄横跋扈，把谁都不放在眼里，有一次因为泄私愤竟然杀死了平南将军刘胤。事后，还大胆伪造诏书，诬谄刘胤谋反，向各州郡通报。这件事暴露后宰相王导怕朝廷无力惩处他，不但不向他问罪，反而加封他的官职。

陶侃知道这件事后，一方面上书朝廷请求讨伐郭默，一方面写信给王导，要求他采取果断措施。信中有两句话写得非常有力：郭默杀害州官，朝廷就任命他当州官。难道他杀害宰相，也就让他当宰相不成!

王导读了这封信，受到很大的触动，便派陶侃率军去讨伐郭默。郭默深知陶侃领兵作战十分厉害，听说他亲自来讨伐，非常焦急，打算率军离开江州南下。但陶侃出兵神速，郭默还未离城，陶侃的大军就已经将江州团团围住。

郭默想固守城池，但又知道自已不是陶侃对手，怕城破后难逃性命;想开城门投降，又怕朝廷要杀他的头，真是左右为难。他手下的一名叛将见大势已去，将他逮捕后开城门投降。陶侃终于不战而取得胜利，平定了这次叛乱。

一位美丽、温和而多情的女子，跟一个男子(诗中的“氓”)从小就相识，他虚情假意，甜言蜜语，骗取了姑娘纯真的爱情，可是在姑娘带着她的嫁妆，满怀对未来幸福生活的憧憬嫁到他家之后，“氓”便变了心。虽然妻子温顺贤惠，为他早起晚睡，操持家务，他却冷漠无情，凶狠残暴。她悔恨万分，无处诉说自己的苦痛，得不到任何同情和理解，连自己的兄弟，也对她咧着嘴嘲笑。经过一番深刻的反思之后，这位女子变得坚强起来，她不顾未来将会遭到的歧视和冷落毅然决定结束眼前这不堪忍受的痛苦生活，离开了那个负心汉。这首诗一共六章，它的第一章写道;“氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。匪来贸丝，来即我谋、送子涉淇，至于顿丘.匪我愆期，子无良媒。将子无怒秋以为期。”

这一章的大意是说：那个小子笑嘻嘻，抱着布匹来换丝.根本不是来换丝，实是找我谈婚事。我呀送你过淇水，一直陪你到顿丘、并非我要拖婚期，你无媒人来提亲、请你不要发脾气，约好秋天结良缘。第五章：“三岁为妇，靡室劳矣、夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣、言既遂矣，于暴矣。兄弟不知，喷其笑矣、静言思之，躬自悼矣。”大意是说多年在你家当媳妇，所有家务我担当。早起也不嫌苦，天天这样无休闲、小家日子好起来，你却变凶暴不应该。兄弟不知我心苦，反倒张口笑哈哈、静思默想今和昔，独自伤心苦难言。诗的结尾几句写道：“总角之宴，言笑晏晏。信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉!”大意是说;回想儿时欢乐多。你有说有笑多温和、对我发誓表诚意，谁料翻脸变恶魔。违反誓言不思量，从此也就算了吧。“信誓旦旦’，意思是誓言说得极为诚恳。这首诗第五章里的“夙兴夜寐”也是一句成语，就是早起晚睡的意思。

【意思】道家认为自然界的物质来自视而不见的空间;把本来不存在的事说成确有其事

【出自】：“天下万物生於有，有生於无。” 王弼 注：“有之所始，以无为本。将欲全有，必反於无也。” 《 老子》、 《点绛唇》套曲：“道本无言行妙理，夺天地髓，就中只许自家知。无中生有人还会，玉炉内常把阴阳来配，要进火功，莫得迟。”

【励志成语故事】：岳飞坚决反对与金国议和，并多次于朝堂和奏折中抨击秦桧，与秦桧结怨，秦桧在皇帝面前诬陷岳飞，说他要谋反，无中生有。皇帝昏庸无能，一十三道金牌召回正在抗击金兵的岳飞。秦桧又以莫须有的罪名陷害岳飞，皇上又听信了谗言，便杀了岳飞!

《约瑟夫有件旧外套》是一个绘本故事，这个故事说的是约瑟夫有件旧外套，已经很破旧了，于是他把外套改成了夹克;夹克很破旧了，他就改成了背心;背心很破旧了，他就改成了围巾;围巾很破旧了，他就改成了领带;领带很破旧了，他就改成了手帕;手帕很破旧了，他就改成了一颗扣子。后来——扣子不见了。这一下，约瑟夫什么都没有了。于是，他坐下来，把这个故事写了下来——这就是无中生有的故事。

“任人唯贤”这则成语的意思是表示用人只凭德才。

这个成语来源于《韩非子.外储说左下》，如子之言，我且贤之用，能之使，劳之论。我何以报于。

齐襄公有两个弟弟，一个叫公子纠，另一个叫公子小白，他们各有一个很有才能的师傅。由于襄公荒淫无道，公元前686年，公子纠跟着他的师傅管仲到鲁国去避难，公子小白则跟着他的师傅鲍叔牙逃往莒国。

不久，齐国发生大乱，襄公被杀，另外立了国君。第二年，大臣们又杀了新君，派使者到鲁国去迎回公子纠当齐国国君，鲁庄公亲自带兵护送公子纠回国。

公子纠的师傅管仲，怕逃亡在莒国的公子小白因为离齐国近，抢先回国夺到君位。所以经庄公同意，先带领一支人马去拦住公子小白。

果然，管仲的队伍急行到即墨附近时，发现公子小白正在赶往齐国，便上前说服他不要去。但是，小白坚持要去。于是管仲偷偷向小白射了一箭。小白应声倒下，管仲以为他已被射死，便不慌不忙地回鲁国去护送公子纠到齐国去。

不料，公子小白并未被射死，鲍叔牙将他救治后，赶在管仲和公子纠之前回到了齐国都城，说服大臣们迎立公子小白为国君。这就是齐桓公。

再说管仲回到鲁国后，与公子纠在庄公军队的保护下来继任君位。于是，齐、鲁之间发生了战争。结果鲁军大败，只得答应齐国的条件，将公子纠逼死，又把管仲抓起来。齐国的使者表示，管仲射过他们的国君，国君要报一箭之仇，非亲手杀了他不可，所以一定要将他押到齐国去。庄公也只好答应。

管仲被捆绑着，从鲁国押往齐国。一路上，他又饥又渴，吃了许多苦头。来到绮乌这个地方时，他去见那里守卫边界的官员，请求给点饭吃。

不料，那守边界的官员竟跪在地上，端饭给管仲吃，神情十分恭敬。等管仲吃好饭，他私下问道：“如果您到齐国后，侥幸没有被杀而得封任用，您将怎样报答我？”

管仲回答道：“要是照你所说的那样我得到任用，我将要任用贤人，使用能人，评赏有功的人。我能拿什么报答您呢？”

管仲被押到齐国都城后，鲍叔牙亲自前去迎接。后来齐桓公不仅没有对他报一箭之仇，反而任命他为相国，而鲍叔牙自愿当他的副手。原来，鲍叔牙知道管仲的才能大于自己，所以说服齐桓公这样做。

【拼音】：wú zú qīng zhng

【解释】：足：足以。没有它并不轻些，有它也并不重些。指无关紧要。

【出处】：明·沈德符《万历野获编·京考官劾》："王文成后日功名不必言，即扬廉亦至南礼部尚书，谥文恪，则言官白简，亦未足轻重也。"

【例子】：这次清算对蒋殿人来说真可谓牛身失毛。冯德英《迎春花》第四章

【反义词】：举足轻重

【近义词】：无关宏旨、无关大局、无关紧要

【歇后语】：鸡尿湿柴；一斗谷子添一粒

【语法】：作谓语、定语；用于人、事、物

【英文】：insignificant

【日文】：とるに足（た）りない，重大視（ゅうだいし）るに及（およ）ない

【德文】：kein Gewicht haben

【拼音】zì yí yī qī

【成语故事】我国最早的一部诗歌总集《诗经》中有一首诗描写一个因公外出办事的官员恋家的故事：他在二月份被派往西方处理政事，在遥远的地方心里老是惦记家乡的亲人，从播种时节一直忙到收获季节还不能回家，心里堆积着无限的烦恼。

【出处】心之忧矣，自诒伊戚。 《诗经·小雅·小明》乌呼，我之怀矣，自诒伊戚，其我之谓矣。 《左传·宣公二年》

【解释】自寻烦恼；自招灾殃。

【用法】作谓语、定语；指自寻烦恼

【近义词】自贻伊戚

【示例】昊天寺在幽州，与萧后接壤境界，倘辽人知之，发兵劫驾，岂非自诒伊戚。 明·无名氏《杨家将演义》第一卷

【注音】xī xī hā hā

【成语故事】贾宝玉从外边回来，见袭人不在，晴雯也不在，要喝茶与洗澡，小红立即上前献殷勤。宝玉觉得奇怪，但没有别的使唤的丫鬟只好将就。这时秋纹、碧痕两个人共提着一桶水嘻嘻哈哈的说笑着进来，走路趔趔趄趄的，小红只好知趣地走开。

【典故】只见秋纹、碧痕嘻嘻哈哈的说笑着进来，两个人共提着一桶水，一手撩着衣裳，趔趔趄趄，泼泼撒撒的。 清·曹雪芹《红楼梦》第24回

【释义】嬉笑打闹，形容嬉笑欢乐的样子。也形容态度不严肃、不认真。

【用法】作谓语、定语、状语；指态度不严肃

【相近词】嬉皮笑脸

【相反词】一本正经

【邂逅语】疯姑娘讲笑话；娃娃逗娃娃

【英语】laughing and joking

【成语造句】

◎ 又在院里嘻嘻哈哈一阵，才悠悠地返进来。

◎ 一出那个耳门，看见两个人捉迷藏似的隔着一道门在探头探脑，探着了互相扭了起来，嘻嘻哈哈，滚做一团。

◎ 胡适在纽约时，与唐德刚等年龄和地位相差一大截，但老少同处，一齐嘻嘻哈哈。

◎ 他们嘴里学着我刚才答应时的语调，正眼也没有看我一眼，又嘻嘻哈哈地向门外走了出去。

◎ 台下听众两瓶啤酒落肚嘻嘻哈哈，有那笑话连城的，有那借题发挥的，还有那调皮的旁敲侧击。

释义

想得很深，考虑得很长远。

出处

汉·班固《汉书·师丹传》。

故事

师丹，字仲公，为人廉正守道，很得皇帝的信任。

早在汉元帝时，王皇后生有一子，就是后来的汉成帝。傅昭仪也生有一子，因这孩子非常聪明，元帝很是宠爱，封他为定陶王。这定陶王虽寿命不长，倒留下了儿子；汉成帝在位20多年，却没有太子。汉成帝死后，就由定陶王的儿子继承皇位，他就是汉哀帝。

汉哀帝登基以后，大臣们议论说应该尊哀帝的亲祖母傅太后为定陶皇太后，哀帝的生母丁姬亦应尊为定陶皇太后。但是师丹坚决不同意。因此，结怨于傅、丁两位太后。

这件事以后不久，有人向皇帝建议改革币制，控制物价上涨，汉哀帝征求师丹的意见。师丹认为这个建议有一定道理，民贫则国弱，会引起恶性循环。但是当主管部门具体讨论这件事的时候，多数官员认为钱币发行的时间已很长了，要一下子改为龟贝，实行起来恐怕很困难。师丹听了各种意见，也觉得确有难度，决定暂不改变币制。

当时师丹年事已高，忘了将记录在案的各位大臣的议论收藏，以致记录草稿被书吏透露了出去。

傅、丁两位太后原本对师丹不满，这次抓住了攻击他的机会，就唆使族人上书给哀帝，告了师丹一状：身为朝廷重臣，却把绝密文件中的事情泄露出去，传扬到社会上，引起人心动荡，市场混乱。

哀帝接到奏告，交给朝臣讨论。给事中博士申咸、桂钦上书为师丹求情：“师丹大人腹中经略无人可比，现在有人为泄私愤竟用绝密材料事件来攻击他。师丹前后意见不一，虽然有欠深思远虑，但泄密的过错并不在师丹，用这个罪名来惩罚师丹，恐怕是不妥当的。”

汉哀帝是丁太后亲生、傅太后嫡孙，当然不能因为师丹曾是自己的老师而违反两位太后的意愿，最后作出决断：师丹没有尽心尽职，收去大司空、高乐侯印绶，罢官回家养老。

战国初，晋国的卿大夫（国王及诸侯分封的臣属，掌握国政和统兵之权）知伯，在率领韩、赵、魏三卿灭掉晋卿中行氏之后。向韩、赵、魏三家索取疆土。韩、魏两家因害怕知伯，都给了他土地，但赵襄子不肯给予。于是，知伯又会合韩氏和魏氏的军队攻赵。

赵襄子采用大夫张孟谈的计谋，暗中与韩、魏两国联络，说如果赵国被攻灭，对他们是不利的。最后，韩、魏与赵的军队秘密联合起来，偷袭知伯的军队，把知伯活捉了。

在这场争斗中。张孟谈为赵国立下了大功。可是事成之后，他却向赵襄子提出辞呈，不再为赵襄子干下去了。

赵襄子觉得很奇怪。问张孟谈为什么要功成身退。

张孟谈回答说：“从前有人说，春秋五个霸主所以能很好地治理天下，那是因为国君都能驾驭臣子。而绝不为臣子所驾驭。如今我作为臣子，名声显达。地位高尊，权力重大，信服的人太多了，所以应该放弃功名，削掉权势。”

赵襄子不高兴地说：“我听说凡是能辅佐国君的，名声才能显达；功劳大的，地位才能高贵；对国家能负责任的，才能委以重任；只要自己忠诚，众人便会信服。先圣所以能安邦定国，就因为这样做的缘故。你为什么要辞离呢？”

张孟谈说：“大王所说的是成功所必须的东西，而我说的是巩固国家政权的道理。我听说，从前君臣一起打天下。最后取得成功，这是常有的事。但成功之后君臣权力平等，臣子的结局美好，那是没有的。不忘记以前的事，以后的事也就好办了。大王即使不同意我辞离，我也没有力量来帮助您做事了。”

赵襄子见他说到如此程度，知道无法挽留，只好同意他辞离。

公元208年，曹操率大军攻打吴国，吴蜀联合抗曹，因魏军不擅水战，庞统假意投奔曹操，建议魏军船只用铁索连在一起以抵御风浪。这一天，曹操正在大船上演练水军，程昱、荀攸都对曹操说：“铁锁连船固然有好处，可是万一东吴用火攻，便难躲避。”曹操听后大笑说：“你们哪里知道，火攻要靠风力。现在正是冬天，只有西北风。东吴若要用火攻，被西北风一吹，岂不是自己烧自己？”

却说周瑜有一天站在山上眺望对岸形势，忽然狂风大作，一面旗角不时从周瑜脸上拂过，周瑜猛然想起一件事来，心里一急，大叫一声，口吐鲜血，昏迷过去。

周瑜卧病在床，鲁肃非常着急地去见诸葛亮，诸葛亮微微一笑说：“都督的病，我倒是会治。”鲁肃高兴地说：“先生真能把都督的病治好，便是救了江东百姓！”忙请他去给周瑜看病。

周瑜见诸葛亮到，披衣坐在床上，诸葛亮问候说：“几天没有见面，想不到都督竟病了。”周瑜说：“人有旦夕祸福，谁也说不定。”诸葛亮笑说：“天有不测风云，人怎么能料得到呢？”周瑜听了，顿时变色，呻吟了两声。

孔明说：“都督心中是觉得烦闷吧？”周瑜说：“对。”孔明说：“这个病必须用凉药来治。”周瑜说：“已经服过凉药了，全没有效用。”孔明说：“得先理气，气如果通顺了，都督的病自然也就好了。”

周瑜估计诸葛亮一定知道自己的心思了，便用话试探着说：“想要顺气，该服什么药呢？”孔明请左右的人都出去后，在纸上写了十六个字的药方：“欲破曹公，宜用火攻，万事俱备，只欠东风”。周瑜看完，大吃一惊，心中暗想：孔明真是神仙！我的心事他早猜到了。便笑着说：“先生已经知道我的病源，得用什么药来治呢？病情危急，请先生救我。”诸葛亮根据对气象的观察，已经预测到这几天会有一场突发的东南风，就说让周瑜筑造七星坛，他在坛上作法，借三日东南风破曹操。周瑜一听，病完全好了。

七星坛筑成，诸葛亮披散着头发，赤着双脚，身上穿件道士的法衣，开始借东风。到三更时分，果然吹起了东南风。周瑜正在高兴，突然想到诸葛亮的本领实在了不起，留他不得，立即派丁奉、徐盛去七星坛杀诸葛亮。谁知这时，诸葛亮早已不见了人影。

诸葛亮回到夏口，当即调兵遣将，到各处堵截袭击曹军。关羽见军师派了别人，却唯独漏了他，便问军师为什么，诸葛亮说怕他放了曹操。关羽便立下军令状，诸葛亮才勉强答应，派他带着关平、周仓去华容道埋伏。

黄盖依计准备好二十艘火船，船内满载芦苇干柴，灌了鱼油，铺上硫黄，派人给曹操送信，约定夜间押着粮船去投降，船上都插着青龙牙旗做标记。到了三更天，东南风很急，月光下，江水被风吹动，就像万条银蛇。曹操迎风站在大船上，遥望江面，想着不久就可以进军江南，不由哈哈大笑起来。忽然，一个军士指着前方说：“江南有一队船过来了。”不大工夫，已经看得很清楚，那些船上都插着青龙牙旗。曹操高兴地说：“黄盖投降来了！这是上天在帮助我！”

来船越来越近，程昱看了一会儿，对曹操说：“黄盖的船是假的！如果是粮船，一定是又稳又重，可前边来的船却很轻似的浮在水面上，现在又刮着东南风，如果敌人用计可怎么办？”曹操一下明白过来，但为时已晚。黄盖的船一点上火，火趁风势，风助火威，二十艘火船撞入水寨，曹军的水寨顿时大火冲天，把天空都映红了。甘宁带领部下，打着曹军旗号，往曹操的粮库放火。顿时水上、岸上大火连成一片，曹操在火阵中左突右闯，带领着张辽等人往乌林狂奔而去。

曹操逃到乌林，见这里山势险要，树林茂密，忽然仰天大笑起来说：“我不笑别人，只笑周瑜、诸葛亮毕竟不懂计谋。若先在这里埋伏一军，那就厉害了。”语音未落，赵云率军杀出，曹操吓得几乎从马上跌了下来。曹操慌忙叫手下徐晃、张合挡住赵云，自己则抽身逃走。赵云拦杀了一阵，抢了不少旗帜，便领着人马走了，没再向前追赶。

曹操与众人逃到葫芦口，兵将饿得发慌，马也走不动了。曹操令人埋锅烧饭，自己又大笑起来说：“周瑜、诸葛亮到底没有计谋，要是在这里也埋伏一队人马，那我们还逃得了吗？”话刚说完，张飞便率兵杀了出来。曹兵在长坂桥见识过张飞的厉害，个个胆寒，有的连马都上不去了。匆忙之间，许褚飞马来战张飞，张辽、徐晃也上前夹攻，曹操乘机逃走。张飞缴获了不少战马、旗帜，回夏口报功去了。

到了十字路口，探路的军士向曹操请示方向。曹操便传令“走小路”。原来，曹操想：诸葛亮诡计多端，他故意派人在山路上点起烟火，使我军不敢从山路走，他却在大路上埋伏好了等我们，我偏不上他这个当！走了半天，路渐渐平坦了，曹操又哈哈大笑起来，部将知曹操又是在笑诸葛亮、周瑜无谋。笑声未落，只听一声炮响，关羽领兵拦住了去路。

众将已经人困马乏，看到前面是关羽，都吓得丢魂丧胆，不能再战。曹操愣了一会儿，说：“到这个地步，也只好决一死战了！”众将说：“就是人不怕死，马也没有力气了，哪里能够打仗！”谋士程昱建议曹操亲自去向关羽求情，也许能放曹操人马过去。曹操一想也只有这个办法，便硬着头皮去求关羽。关羽见曹军个个衣甲不全，浑身泥浆，泪流满面，心中不忍，再想起曹操当年对他的许多好处，特别是自己闯关杀将之后，曹操特意派张辽拿着文书，通知各关口放行，便不由得动起感情来，于是长叹一声，转过身子把他们放走了。

关羽猛然记起军令状，忙又勒马回头，大喝一声：“你们往哪里走！”曹军一听，吓得滚下马鞍，伏在地上哭拜。关羽到底重义气，还是放了曹军。曹操走出华容道，待曹仁赶来接应时，只剩二十七骑了。

这一仗杀得曹军死伤无数，大伤元气。

赤壁之战是中国历史上以少胜多、以弱胜强的一次著名战役。“万事俱备，只欠东风”的典故也由此而来。

【拼音】láng huán fú dì

【典故】其人笑曰：‘君痴矣，此岂可赁地耶？’即命小童送出。华问地名。曰：‘琅嬛福地也。’  元·伊世珍《琅嬛记》上卷

【释义】传说中仙人所居多书的洞府。

【用法】作宾语；指洞天福地

【相近词】洞天福地

【同韵词】出师不利、风情月意、沉博绝丽、居徒四壁、一谦四益、灌瓜之义、烟霞痼疾、通同一气、视同儿戏、辜恩负义。

【成语故事】传说古代书生张华路过一高山，山陡如壁，奇峰怪石，恰好路边有一山洞，他好奇地进入，没走几步便有童子上来引路，径直把他引到一书房，那里各种藏书应有尽有。张华十分高兴，想租借此书房一段时间。童子不允，告诉他这是琅嬛福地。

【成语示例】如入琅嬛福地，痴龙护门，人迹罕到。  清·张岱《快园记》