0

一篇英语寒假作文【精品20篇】

浏览

2953

作文

393

寒假英语作文初中

全文共 1085 字

+ 加入清单

Since the first day of my winter vacation, I’ve decided to make it a

valuable and enjoyable one. I made a plan to finish my homework within the first

week, and after days of hard working, I actually got all my assignments done a

day earlier. I am pretty proud of myself for not —as usual —hang out with my

friends until the last few days of my vacation and rush through my homework.

In the rest of my winter vacation, I made up my mind to improve my reading

skills. I’ve had tons of books that I simply bought and put them on my shelf,

wishing some day they would be finished themselves. But this time, I realized I

was not trying my best last term and decided to make some change. I finished a

couple of novels and watched some classic movies, I also went to a library to

borrow some new books for next term. The more I read the more enthusiastic I

became, and now I’ve developed my reading skills a lot.

Another event in my winter vacation is that I went to hiking with my

parents. It was a warm, sunny day, which is pretty precious during winter time.

I can still remember the scene when we drove

展开阅读全文

更多相似作文

篇1:寒假英语作文高一100词

全文共 799 字

+ 加入清单

When I was younger , I went through an thing which deeply influence me.

One day,I went to school as Usually. All of a sudden,I heard a voice

crying.I knew there were something wrong . So I walked towards the direction of

the voice .Then I found a child and his mother wandered off.My heart full of

compassion . So I decided to help him find his mother , and I took him to the

police station nearby . Then I went to school in a hurry , but when I arrived,I

found I’m still late . After my teacher’s preaching , I went back to the

classroom .I was so upset.

In the afternoon, my teacher asked me go out,he said he had wronged me. And

then I saw the child’s mother,she thanked me a lot,and I smiled shyly.

After the thing,I feel very happy to do good things,and I believe that

“give cake and ale to perfect soul”.

展开阅读全文

篇2:寒假英语

全文共 543 字

+ 加入清单

anuary 28 2010 It was the third day of our winter holiday. Today, there are many business in my mother‘s company. So my mother told me to help my uncle who is the manager of my mother’s company. I sat in my mother‘s office and help her answer the telephone. While I was free, I was writing my homework. Although I also have a lot of time to do my homework, I still do it. Because in my mother’s office, I had nothing to do. If I did nothing, I was wasting my time and my life. I can‘t do the foolish thing. We should take good use of our time.

展开阅读全文

篇3:小学寒假80字英语日记

全文共 454 字

+ 加入清单

January 18 2014

It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special.

I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

[小学寒假80字英语日记

展开阅读全文

篇4:寒假计划英语作文附翻译

全文共 1137 字

+ 加入清单

寒假即将到来,请根据下面提示,写一篇70~90字的寒假计划

提示:rest, Spring Festival,visit,help parents,play with friends, do homework,mend up English,prepare for new term. Plan for the winter Holiday

winter vacation plan

How time flies(时间过得真快),unconsciously(不知不觉地) the next winter vacation (寒假)will soon come.In order to improve(提高) myself as well as enjoy a happy holiday,I made the winter vacation plan.

Firstly i want to continue with my study,i think study is a life process,so no matter what the situation I am in,i will look for chances to continue it.I have bought several new books ,including those books on my major(专业)and some novels ,I will try to finish reading them in the holiday and write notes.

Secondly,since it is the holiday,I will share it with my family and friends .You know the spring festival will soon come, I believe I would chatting and play games with my friends and family .I think I will enjoy the vacation.

寒假计划

时间过得真快,不知不觉得下一个寒假就要到了,为了提高我自己同时快乐的度过假期,我制定了寒假计划。

首先,我会继续学习,我认为学习是一种终身的过程,所以不管我处在那种情况之下,我都会寻找机会学习。我已经买了一些新书,这些书有的跟我的专业有关,也包括一些小说。我将努力读完他们并写下读书笔记。

其次,既然是放假,我将和我的家人朋友一起度过,你知道春节就要来临了,届时我会和我的家人朋友一起聊天啊,玩游戏啊等等,我相信我定会度过一个快乐的假期。

[寒假计划英语作文附翻译

展开阅读全文

篇5:寒假英语日记100字

全文共 384 字

+ 加入清单

现在,我很苦恼,我买了一本英语书,可是我不知道它的意思。我一点也看不懂。我想,也许我要好好的学习英语。只有这样我才能学会很多知识,才能看懂英语和别人交流。我要对自己说一句:加油!

I was depressed because  couldnt understand an English book after I bought it.  could understand nothing. I thought maybe I should study English hard and only by this could I learn a lot of knowledge and understand English aw well as communicate with others in English. I told myself, ‘just go’.

展开阅读全文

篇6:关于寒假英语日记带翻译

全文共 1950 字

+ 加入清单

Time really fast, it is for one year, the winter holiday will begin school this morning. Instead of holidays, mother is always at the beginning of the holiday is asked me to make a plan for the holiday, the purpose is to I can arrange well in the holiday, can find all kinds of fun in learning, and can learn more knowledge.

First of all, I want a winter vacation homework and assigned by the teacher good learning tasks to complete earnestly, more exercise and keep healthy.

Second, I want to practice calligraphy, grow up to write a good word, to see the TV news, understand the society. I want to insist on keeping a diary, I used to write diary is to cope with the parents to check, have no content, Im going to visit a reference books, a day after the winter break, he saw and heard during some of the thoughts it all recorded in the journal, to see the wisdom of some mother bought me a back, good composition, learn the somebody elses writing methods, improve their writing level. In Internet time into, have a look at what other people write, use the method of complement each other to learn more from others, less time to play some computer games, it will not only affect our study, but also is bad for our eyes.

Again, when go out to relatives must be polite, respect for elders. When the Chinese New Year to teachers and elders happy New Year.

Finally, I want to strengthen learning at the same time, more to help the family to do some thing in ones power.

Oh, this is my winter vacation plan.

时间过的真快,转眼又是一年了,今天上午学校开始放寒假了。与以往放假时一样,妈妈总是在假期开始是要求我自己订一个假期计划,目的是为了我能在假期中合理安排好,既能在学习中寻找到各种乐趣,又能学到更多的知识。

首先,我要把寒假作业和老师布置的学习任务认认真真地完成好,要多锻炼身体,保持身体健康。

其次,我要练习书法,长大以后能写一手好字,要多看电视新闻,了解社会。我要坚持写日记,以前我写日记都是为了应付家长的检查,一点内容也没有,以后我打算每天看一篇课外书,把寒假期间的一些所见所闻、所思所想一一地记录在日记本上,要多看一些妈妈给我买的智慧背囊、优秀作文,学习一下人家的写作方法,提高自己的写作水平。在上网时间多进入,多看看别人是怎么写的,用取长补短的方法向别人多学习一些,少玩一些电脑游戏,它不但会对我们的学习造成影响,而且还对我们的眼睛有坏处。

再次,出去走亲戚时一定要做到文明礼貌、尊敬长辈。过年时要向老师们和长辈们拜年。

最后,我要加强学习的同时,还要多帮家人做一些力所能及的事情。

这就是我的寒假计划哦。

展开阅读全文

篇7:英语作文寒假假期

全文共 618 字

+ 加入清单

The New Year is coming and this term has finished. Now, I can enjoy a happy winter holiday. In winter holiday, I don’t have to get up early every morning. It’s the best thing for me. I often get up at nine o’clock in the morning. My parents go to work so I stay at home alone. I will go out for breakfast. Noodle, milk and egg are my favorites. Then I go back home to watch TV or meet my friends. We always have many things to do. My parents would go home at noon so I have lunch at home. In the afternoon, I will sleep and then do some homework. In short, I spend most time in playing. I love winter holiday.

[英语作文寒假假期

展开阅读全文

篇8:高一年级寒假计划英语作文

全文共 2048 字

+ 加入清单

Ha ha! The final exam finally over, also received your papers, winter vacation when I started in the wonderful ideas. Unfortunately, instead, I hope can play a happy winter vacation idea, mother broke the home from work:

Evening, mother came home from work, an enter a door, he saw us in the house of idle to dangle, mother suddenly angry, asked: "are you two in the winter vacation want to do?" We absently replied: "to play bai!" The mother asked again: "that winter vacation homework?" "Bai!" We replied again. But, these four words, like a match under the gas cylinder, 1 of "嗵", let the things around. Mother to our big flag of "political education", strong offensive made us overwhelmed, had to "pleaded guilty," wrote the necessary - the holiday plan. Content is roughly like this:

Morning: complete some winter vacation homework, back to 10 English words, to complete an English composition, etc.;

Afternoon: copybook a page, review the learned knowledge, play, etc.

Let me satisfied and the plan is to mix. Whenever writing heads, you can go out to relax, as in longjing rap song sings: "open your mind let it go out breathe. Take a deep breath, exhale the worry and stress..." To help grandma sweep the floor, to grandpa poured a glass of water, listen to music... Relax enough, to write my homework again, the efficiency will improve a lot!

If I can fulfill the task of the day in the morning, afternoon, then, is my free time, want to do, he wants to do. Still can watch TV or a movie tonight!

? My winter vacation plan all right?

哈哈!期末考试终于结束了,卷子也领了,寒假就在我美妙的想法中开始了。可惜,事与愿违,我希望寒假可以开开心心玩耍的想法,却被下班回家的妈妈击碎了:

晚上,妈妈下班回家了,一进门,就看到我俩在屋子游手好闲地晃,妈妈一下子就生气了,问道:“你们俩在寒假想要干什么?”我俩心不在焉地答道:“玩呗!”妈妈又问道:“那寒假作业呢?”“写呗!”我俩又答道。可没想到,这四个字,犹如放在煤气罐下的火柴,“嗵”的一声,让周围的事物化为乌有。妈妈向我俩大举“政治教育”的旗帜,强烈攻势使我俩招架不住,只得“认罪伏法”,写下了放假必备——计划书。内容大体是这样:

上午:完成一些寒假作业,背会10个英语单词,完成一篇英语作文等;

下午:字帖一页,复习所学知识,玩耍等。

而这份计划最让我满意的就是劳逸结合。每当写的头晕脑胀时,就可以出去放松一下,正如龙井说唱的歌里所唱的:“敲开你的脑子让它出来透透气吧!来个深呼吸,呼出那烦恼和压力……”帮奶奶扫扫地,给爷爷倒杯水,听听音乐……等放松够了,再去写作业,效率会提高不少呢!

如果我能在上午完成这一天的任务,那么下午,就是我的自由时光了,想干什么,就干什么。晚上还能看电视或电影呢!

怎么样?我的寒假计划不错吧?

展开阅读全文

篇9:初二寒假英语日记

全文共 382 字

+ 加入清单

My Chinese New Year for this year was fantastic!

I went to Hai Nan with my parents during the Chinese New Year and visited my relatives over there. The weather over there was beautiful. It was so much warmer than my city. We stayed in a hotel and we spent a lot of time on the beaches. My parents also took me for a ride round the island. It was so much fun and I wish it was longer.

展开阅读全文

篇10:寒假英语日记

全文共 2443 字

+ 加入清单

An inch of time an inch of gold, an inch of gold will not buy inch of time. , how time flies, the blink of an eye a semester has in the past, and came to the winter vacation. In this rare winter holiday, I plan in accordance with the "three plus one" plan to do four things seriously.

A lot of reading. Read volumes, such as writing. Good project is inseparable from a lot of reading. For this semester, I feel my knowledge is not enough rich, I plan to use winter vacation time, through a lot of reading "recharge" for himself. I plan to read several Chinese classics, such as the "water margin", "journey to the west", etc. Although these classics is thick, I want to try to bite the bullet and read, draw version of it is best to read, learn about the basic content of classics. I also plan to use my subscription to the practical digest well, to get the good article to be read. His knowledge through reading and vocabulary more rich, more broad vision.

Actively writing. Teachers and parents often said to me, if you want to write a composition, not light reading, good light copying words we also not line, only a lot of "actual combat", to get more experience. So, I want to use winter vacation time to write some articles, write a diary, in the words of my father is to business with my school mail tunnels blog, blog postings number increases.

Appropriate entertainment. I think we should pay attention to the mix, primary school homework is not enough light, should be appropriate to relax and watch TV, surf the Internet to chat with friends, to ensure that every day out for more than an hour exercise and activity.

This is three things I think should be done, finally, that is to finish the homework carefully. This of course I dare not to forget, must be reasonable arrangement of time, to finish the teacher winter vacation homework ahead of time.

How, my plan is good!

一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。时间过得真快,一眨眼的功夫,一个学期就已经过去,寒假又要来到了。在这个难得的寒假里,我计划按照“三加一”的计划认真做好四件事。

大量阅读。读书破万卷,下笔如有神。良好的习作是离不开大量阅读的。针对这个学期我感觉我的知识面不够丰富的情况,我计划利用寒假时间,通过大量阅读为自己“充电”。我计划完整地读一下中国几大名著,如《水浒传》、《西游记》等。尽管这些名著比较厚,我想试着硬着头皮读一下,最好是读配画版的,了解一下名著的基本内容。另外我还计划用好我订阅的《实用文摘》,争取把上面的好文章都读个遍。通过阅读使自己的知识面和词汇量更丰富,视野更宽阔。

积极写作。老师和家长经常对我说,要想写好作文,光阅读不行,光抄写好字好句也不行,只有大量地进行“实战”,才能获得更多经验。因此,我想利用寒假时间多写一些文章,写好日记,用爸爸的话说就是要经营打理一下我的校信通博客,让博文数量增上来。

适当娱乐。我觉得我们小学生应该注意劳逸结合,光写作业是不行的,应该适当给自己放松一下,看看电视,上网和朋友聊聊天,每天要保证外出锻炼和活动一个小时以上。

这三件事是我自己觉得应该完成的,最后还有一点,那就是要认真完成作业。这一点我当然不敢忘掉,一定要合理安排时间,争取提前完成老师布置的寒假作业。

怎么样,我的计划还不错吧!

展开阅读全文

篇11:寒假英语作文

全文共 1928 字

+ 加入清单

Then suddenly winter vacation is nearly the past think of the interesting things, I will keep smile.

That is the annual lunar calendar, we will to the public to have a meal. Go to, I also brought a brain teasers.

Ten more minutes, aunt they didnt come, so I said to them: "aunt, lets play the game of brain teasers?" Aunt nodded without any hesitation, promised to me. So I said, "the title out by me, you guess, I give you, but I will not give the answer. Wrong to stick a piece of white, guess the prize for something to eat. Everyone has to guess, if you dont guess who, also want to stick to white." The game started, my first question is the "what cannot eat" see aunt, aunt, brother and sister are sitting in a chair, frowned, you look at me, I look at you, silently say something. At this moment, I saw my brother stood up from his chair, said to me: "the nature is the broken rice oh." I came to him, his brothers shoulder, and said to his brother: "congratulations, answer wrong" I put a note posted on my brothers face, immediately, brother long out of a white beard. Others see brother, think again, and for a long time, also have no answer, I said: "now give you a hint, a unit of length." At this time, the elder brother stood up again, said: "I know that is contributing."

I say: "true cleverness, right!" Brother said: "that my white pick." I smiled and said: "amends, line."

This winter holiday, I had a great time, especially the game.

寒假一转眼就快过去了想想那件趣事,我就会不停地笑。

那是大年初二,我们要到外公家去吃饭。去时,我还带了一本《脑筋急转弯》。

十点多钟了,阿姨她们才来,于是,我对他们说:“阿姨,咱们来玩脑筋急转弯的游戏好吗?”阿姨毫不犹豫地点点头,答应了我。于是我说:“题目由我来出,你们猜,我可以提示一下,但我不会说出答案。猜错的人要贴一张白条,猜对的奖东西吃。每个人都要猜,如果谁不猜,也要贴白条。”游戏开始,我出的第一题是“什么米不能吃”只见阿姨、舅妈、哥哥还有妹妹都坐在椅子上,紧皱眉头,你看看我,我看看你,悄悄地说着什么。这时,只见哥哥从椅子上站起来,对我说:“这自然是坏了的米喔。”我走到他跟前,拍着哥哥的肩膀,对哥哥说:“恭喜你,答错了”我把一张白条贴到哥哥脸上,顿时,哥哥长出了一条白胡须。其他人看看哥哥,又开始思考了,过了好久,也没有答案,我说:“现在给你们提示一下,一个长度单位。”这时,哥哥又站起来了,说:“我知道了是分米。”

我说:“真聪明,答对了!”哥哥说:“那就把我的白条摘下来吧。”我笑了笑,说:“将功补过,行。”

这个寒假,我过得很愉快,特别是这个游戏。

展开阅读全文

篇12:寒假英语作文高一100词

全文共 802 字

+ 加入清单

Barack Obama is the first president of black people, whose story inspires

so many young people to chase their dreams. As the saying that every successful

man has a woman to support him, and this woman for Obama is his wife Michelle.

As the first lady, Michelle helped Obama so much. During the campaign, she gave

inspiring speeches and people knew what they should voted for. Michelle was born

in a poor family, but her mother paid special attention to education. Michelle

was the top students all the time and she entered the top university, then she

got the degree of doctor. Then she worked in a good law office. She was an

excellent lawyer and the job experience made her a good orator. Michelle set

good examples for the women. She showed that woman’s power was great, and they

could be whoever they wanted.

展开阅读全文

篇13:高中寒假过年英语日记例

全文共 1097 字

+ 加入清单

Traveling is a good activity. When you are fed up with your work and study, and when you are free, you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty of nature, you can breathe fresh air, and make some friends. But sometimes, it is not a good thing. The weather often changes, you may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold while traveling. Therefore, you should prepare yourself carefully before the trip. You had better find a companion, so that you can help each other.

The population of the world has already passed six billion. The population problem may be the greatest challenge of the world today. The earth has been very crowded and there will be standing room only before long.

China’s One Child Policy is a good way to solve this problem and stop the population from growing so fast. It also can help our country develop quickly then people’s standard of living will become higher and higher.

At the same time a lot of other problems will be done with, such as employment problems, food problems, water problems and so on…So I think it is necessary for China to carry out this policy.

展开阅读全文

篇14:寒假英语日记80字

全文共 437 字

+ 加入清单

The screen of my father’s mobile telephone is broken. When you open the mobile telephone, the screen is always white with light. You can’t see from the screen. And my father is a businessman. He needed a new one. So my father and I went to the electrical appliance shop. There are many new kinds of mobile telephones. At first, my father chose a Sumsung one. But all the telephones have sold out. Finally, my father chose a Motorola one.

展开阅读全文

篇15:英语寒假春节

全文共 559 字

+ 加入清单

spring festival ,known as the chinese new year, is the most important holiday in china.from late january to early february,chinese people are busy preparing for the new year.they clean their houses ,have their hair cut,and buy new clothes .jiaozi or dumpling is most popular.to those who live far away from their home,this festival is also a framily reunion occasion.

and they often go back home to celebrate the festival with their family.the first day of the new year is the time when people visit their friends adn wish each other good luck in the new year.

展开阅读全文

篇16:寒假生活英语

全文共 571 字

+ 加入清单

I often go to see my grandma and grandpa during winter vacation. They are

both seventy years old and live in the country happily. I can do many

interesting things there. I am used to getting up early in the morning and

breathing the fresh air in the countryside. After snow, I would like to skate

and ski with my friends. When night comes, I am used to sitting by the fire and

listening to grandma telling me many funny stories. And I tell her some new

things happening in the city. When I have to go back, I am always reluctant to

go. I really feel happy living in the country.

展开阅读全文

篇17:寒假英语日记80字

全文共 439 字

+ 加入清单

I was bored. So I wanted to travel to Hong Kang. I told my father my decision. To my surprise, my father agreed. My father thought I always at home was bad. He thought I should go out to see our country clearly. How beautiful our country is! My father drove me a travel service. I filled out an application form. After that, the agency would finish every things. At last the agency told me it would take a week time to transact procedures.

展开阅读全文

篇18:初中生寒假英语周记

全文共 2226 字

+ 加入清单

【一】

I love my dog

I have a little dog. Its name is Googlo. He is three years old. He has two big eyes. Theyre black. He has one blue ear and one black ear. He is clever.

I like my Googlo. He likes playing with me. He can bark, jump and run. He can play football, basketball and volleyball. He likes playing football very much. He likes some fruit, such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears and watermelons. He enjoys his snacks.

I love my dog--Googlo. He is very interesting.

【二】

a pity day

Today my parents took me to my grandfather’s house. I played with my cousin. Suddenly my cousin suggested going to the park and having a rest. “that’s a good idea.” I said. Then we prepared for the traveling. After lunch, the sky turned dark. After that , it rained heavily. It meant our plan is impossible. What a pity day!

【三】

A letter to my mother(给妈妈的一封信)

Dear mother:

My father and Ihave been to Shanghai. The sky is blue, the scenery is very beautiful, the ground isvery clean,is much better than our city. You at home all right?Night a person are scared? Scared to turn on the light, the light will give you courage.

Dad and I are very well here, dont you worry for our trip. Today we went to Happy Valley, where thereare a lot of games to attract me, rollercoaster,pirate ship ... ... These are my first contact. Weplayed very happy, after coming home; I will sendthese photos to let you see.

We went to the Oriental Pearl yesterday. TheOriental Pearl Tower is too high; with towering intothe clouds to describe more appropriate, standing inthe viewing room of people feel scared. It is also agame room, a lot of fun things, but the price is very expensive, spent tens of Yuan. My father also like here, leave when he kept looking back, also seems to memore than greedy.

Afternoon to receive your message, I think back messages can not say many words, simply to write thisletter to you, to tell you we are here, you put theheart in the belly. Also, this several day is cold,you should pay attention to add clothes, hungry to eat out, do not be afraid to spend money, dont starveyourself thin, dad and I would be angry.

Mom, when you received this letter, maybe we just on the homeward journey......

Good luck, look forward to the moment we meet!

展开阅读全文

篇19:寒假计划英语作文高中

全文共 1172 字

+ 加入清单

My study plan put my winter holiday is full of. I plan to put all the homework before the holiday are swept away, after the Chinese New Year in the top volume with three days to review your knowledge of our sage Confucius said, "consider"! The rest of the will to prepare book1&book 2 new knowledge, or else how can have a foothold in the superior competitive school? I write my these learning plan on a piece of paper, posted on my study desk, make it a little paper play a bigger role, it can play the role of a reminder to urge.

Saying and doing are two different things, in my winter vacation plan is really reflect incisively and vividly! Every day I wait for the sun to be basked in elder sister to the quilt to get up in the morning, all day in the hands of the pen to write, the temptation of television and computer, always to prohibit on learning table winter holiday schedule become worthless. My homework to the annual month to complete, the review plans to use five days, your plan is to complete the ugly, mathematics preview only the teacher must make the preview of the first two units, other disciplines in almost flat. My poor self-control and efficiency!

展开阅读全文

篇20:寒假生活英语

全文共 1246 字

+ 加入清单

My Life in Winter Holiday

Ihave a great time during the winter holiday, because I enjoy myself as well asfocus on my study. As it’s known to all, the Spring Festival is the mostimportant in winter holiday that would occupy much time to celebrate it.Therefore, I finished my homework first, so that it won’t bother my enjoymentduring the festival. I finished my home work in one week. And I went shoppingwith my parents. We bought a lot of things, especially snacks and fruits. Then,it was the Spring Festival. We had a big dinner on the New Year’s Eve. Myparents prepared the big dinner and I could only act as assistant. The dinnerwas so delicious that I ate so full. In the next several days, my parents and Ivisited our relatives and friends or they visited us. Sometimes, we went outfor fun together. We children were always the most excited. Now, holiday iscoming to the end and I will go to school soon. I am so happy that I have awonderful winter holiday.

我度过了一个很快乐的寒假,因为我不仅玩得开心,也完成了我的学习任务。众所周知,春节是寒假的重头戏,我们会花很多的时间去庆祝新年。因此,我首先要完成作业,这样才不会让它们影响我过节的快乐心情。我用一个星期完成了寒假作业,期间也和爸爸妈妈一起出去购物,我们买了很多东西,特别是零食和水果,接下来,就是过春节了,我们吃了一顿丰盛的年夜饭。爸爸妈妈制作这顿大餐,而我只能帮忙打下手。年夜饭很好吃,我吃得很饱。接下来的几天,我们和亲人朋友互相串门拜年,有时候也一起出去游玩,我们小孩子是最兴奋的。现在,寒假马上就要结束了,我也要去上学了。度过了一个这么快乐而充实的假期让我很开心。

展开阅读全文