初中生自我介绍英文怎么写【热门20篇】

Good morning：

My name is XX， you can also call me Eason，I has such an english name just because the pronunciation of it is like my chinese name. I graduated from this university last year， and major in computer science， I liked computer very much， especially in multimedia technology， and wanted to make some achievement in this field， but when I finished my school， I realized that what I had learned was not enough for this target， I thought it would be great if I can continue my interest in that， so that was why I choose to further my study with a master degree.

Well， in my spare time， I like soccer， pop music， and stamp， being a soccer fan， I always show my love to Manchester United and Ryan Giggs is my favorite. I also like English very much， and had passed Band six this year， but I do think it‘s still a long way to study it， so I wouldn’t give up my English studying， and improve my oral and listening ability.

So that‘s all， thank you.

HI!同学们好，我名字叫xxx，以后能和大家一起念中学,我真的很高兴.下面我向大家自我介绍一下.

一张圆脸，一束扎起来的马尾,这形象一直跟随着我的小学6年。我今年12岁了，已经是个初中生了,却总还是脱不了这满脸的稚气。

我的主要爱好是爱看书。说起看书，我还有一段小故事呢!小学5年纪的时候，我看当时的同桌买了一本《茶花女》，这本书我向往了许久，可是爸爸始终没有答应我的要求。我的自尊心很强，从小到大几乎没有求过别人，这次，我硬着头皮，只好向他去借。谁知，他说可以是可以，可得拿我的《木马屠城记》跟他交换，我只好把书给他，向他要了那本《茶花女》。

我的缺点就是爱掉哭。呵，你可别笑，这也是我的爱好哩!宠物死了，哭!受欺负了，哭!考试不好，哭!看书看到感人处，鼻子一酸，又落下两排“金豆豆”。不过，我不觉得难为情.我很喜欢一句话“当笑则笑，当哭则哭，无须掩饰。” 坦荡荡的.

要说我讨厌的，就数运动了。所以体育成绩也一直不好了。垒球最远能扔四五米，考试成绩从没有过70分的。这个缺点，我以后一定要改。

我像大家介绍过我自己了,你会喜欢我吗?

Leaders, Members:Hello, everybody ~! (Bows)My name is XXX, from Hunan XX, I am cheerful, honest, easy to get along with others; likes playing basketball, climbing and running.

I am very pleased and honored to join the "XX" to the family, where not only provided me with a growth exercise, showing a good platform for self, but also for giving me the chance to meet more new colleagues, new friends. - To take this, I am very grateful to all the leaders, thank you all so give me a good opportunity. (Bow)

I first arrived, there are many aspects of the knowledge I need to learn, but also hope in future we can work great weekend!

I believe that through our mutual understanding and mutual understanding, we will not only become a career go hand in hand with the struggle of his comrades, life will be like-minded, woe friend.

Finally, I would like and we can work together for our common cause and work hard!

Thanks everyone! (Bow)

[职场新人英文自我介绍

Good afternoon, teachers! My name is YangXiaodan. I`m 11 now. I`m from Class2 Grade 5 of TongPu No.2 Primary School. My English teacher is Miss Sun. She`s quiet and kind. She`s short and young. My good friend is ZhangBingbing. She`s 12. She`s tall and pretty. We`re in the same class. We both like English very much. I like painting , listening to music, playing computer games and reading books. My favourite food is chicken. It`s tasty and yummy. I often do my homework and read books on Saturdays. This is me. Please remember YangXiaodan. Thank you very much!

我是一个活泼开朗的女孩，我的名字叫，看了这个名字，可能有的人会认为我是一个男孩子，其实我是一个性格比较外向的女孩子。因为我爸爸姓陈，又是硕士，所以全家人都希望我能够像爸爸那样也是硕士。

我有一头乌黑发亮的头发，喜欢梳一把马尾巴。我有一个椭圆形的脸蛋，像一小鸡蛋，在那椭圆形的脸上，长着一双又大又灵的眼睛，眼睛里的黑眼珠，像一个黑葡萄。我的鼻子高高的，嘴巴红红的，一说起话来就没完没了，我真喜欢妈妈给我的这张脸。我今年十二岁了，是家里的独生子，也是家里的“掌上明珠”，爸爸、妈妈平时都爱宠着我。

我在班上的学习虽然谈不上数一数二，却是小有名气，我的人缘也很好，班上有一大半的同学都是我的好朋友，其中还有我的“知心朋友”。我不仅朋友多，而且兴趣爱好也多的不得了，有：“画画、玩电脑、游泳、弹钢琴、看书……。我最喜欢看书了。我很小的时候，爸爸就给我买了许多的识字手册，还经常给我读一些故事书，可以说，我的童年就是在书海中度过的。随着我年龄的增长，我家的书也越来越多，现在我家就象一座小图书馆，到处都是书，我自己的书更是多得数不胜数，整整放了两个柜子。虽然我平时一向很节约，但是对买书却毫不吝啬，只要是我喜欢实用的书，而且不是很贵，我一定会马上买下来。有时候我遇到一本好书，又因为价格太贵而不能买，我一定会翻来覆去地看好几遍才甘心，所以每次我一进书店，都要看上大半天。高尔基曾经说过：“书是人类进步的阶梯”。而我也坚信：好书能伴我一生。我常常因为看书而误了其他的事情，因此爸爸、妈妈经常开导我说：“看书要学会适而可止”。为此有时我也很伤脑筋，想来想去，我下定决心，以后一定要学会克制、克制再克制!

这就是我，一个爱读书的小女孩。

我叫张亮，今年12岁，在江苏省XX市北海小学五(1)班读书。我个子不高，长得也不胖，有一头乌黑的头发，弯弯的眉毛下，镶嵌着一双大眼睛。

我喜欢音乐，特别喜欢拉二胡。只要有我认识的曲子，都会拉。大人们夸我还真有点音乐细胞呢。我听了，心里美滋滋的。

我的优点是在家里认真预习、复习功课。每次老师布置的作业我都认真完成。数学还用草稿纸再重新验算一遍呢。因此，我的成绩还行。

我的缺点是上课不敢大胆发言，考试时不仔细。就拿语文第二单元考试来说吧，我有些会写的词都写错了，作文还写走了题呢。所以那次考得实在不理想。我已经在努力改掉这些缺点了，争取做个更好的学生。

那天，绿草铺满了道路的两侧，风儿迎面拂来也为我庆祝，白云也在蓝天上为我飞舞，顿时无比高兴。

我，从小学到初中，在别人的印象中一直都是一个特别文静的女生，几乎不与人交谈，甚至跟别人说起话来不觉让人误以为有口吃，要么声音小的跟蚊子声音一样，就算贴着嘴，都不知道在讲什么，因为有时候我连发音都不是很准。

然而进入高中，语言交流的重要性也逐然可见，而自己也心知肚明，像这一类人，出去也不会有人会聘用，即使分数再怎么高，初中时老师也不知道提醒了多少次。

当踏入新的环境时，心里不免犯嘀咕，真不知道此后的日子将会怎样，我能做的，只有要所有的勇气拿出来，在宿舍，出乎我意料的是，没过一小时我就与她们融为一体，大家高兴的前俯后仰，从前的自己也像是天空的云，下一场雨就不见了。

在班级里，第一次的自我介绍犹使我紧张，听着台上的声音，心中不免紧张起来，就像天空快要倒塌一样，轮到我的时候，地球就像转了半个世纪一样，心也不觉得砰砰的响，声音都能听见。

当时只记得在紧张时说出的话令我十分的尴尬，因为在场的同学每一个听清，心中也不免打了个寒颤，但是反应过来，自己已经变了一个人，所有的恐惧都消失了，但走向讲台胆量就像用光了似的，很想问别人自己介绍的怎么样，但又无法开口。

直到铃声再次响起，听到刚交的朋友说还不错，心中就像有一个太阳似的，开始还哆嗦的身体突然温暖起来。

我无法忘记，从今天开始，我又是另一种面庞，虽然看起来文静，但实际上心比谁都要活跃。

人生总会有第一次，但这一次改变让我感到又向成功跨进了一步。

尊敬的老师，亲爱的同学们，大家好！我的名字叫陈浩发亮的头发。国字脸上有一双大眼睛，透着善良俏皮的微笑。喆，今年13岁，身高1。73米，有点小胖。理个小平头，乌黑我的脸稍大，但显得可爱。我毕业于三明市实验小学，现就读于三明市列东中学，是一名初一（12）班的学生。

我是一个兴趣爱好广泛的学生，我最喜欢的运动是游泳，因为游泳可以锻炼身体，增强肺活量，最重要的是还可以减肥。每年一放暑假，我就迫不及待的去办游泳月卡。我每天下午都去游泳。一游3个小时都不觉得累。我游泳时一直变换着花样，一时蛙泳，一时仰泳，一时自由泳……我快活地游着。有一次，我跟同学比赛游泳，结果我输了。我暗暗下决心，我要求自己一定要好好练习，超越对手。

到了初一，我认识了许多新的老师，新的同学。我的优点不多，但缺点也不少说！到我的缺点，“哎——！”我学习不是很认真，偶尔丢三落四，不讲究吃穿，希望同学们可以给我提出建议，改正我的不良习惯。我希望我学习不解的时候，老师和同学们可以伸出团结之手。帮助我，鼓励我！初一（12）班，我们是一个集体，只要我们团结起来，力量才能发挥最大，能惊动山河，无人能做。就像我们在永安军训一样，不管是在烈日下训练，还是在雨水中拼搏，这都是在考验我们的意志，时时刻刻都会想着，我是一个集体，我们要团结起来。无论我们遇到什么困难，大家都能克服解决。经过几天短暂的历练，我们终于获得了丰盛的果实会！操第2名，纪律第2名，还有我和另外几名同学设计的手抄报也得了第2名。我相信我们一定会再唐老师的带领下获得“信得过班级！”为老师添光，为自己喝彩。

[自我介绍初中生600字作文

good morning !

it is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,

i hope i can make a good performance today. im confident that i can succeed.

now i will introduce myself briefly

i am 26 years old,born in shandong province .

i was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of XX.

i spend most of my time on study,i have passed cet4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.

in july XX, i begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in qingdao city.because im capable of more responsibilities, so i decided to change my job.

and in august XX,i left qingdao to beijing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.because i want to change my working environment, id like to find a job which is more challenging. morover motorola is a global company, so i feel i can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. that is the reason why i come here to compete for this position.

i think im a good team player and im a person of great honesty to others. also i am able to work under great pressure.

Welcome to my hometown!Shanghai is my hometown.It is a modern and busy town.It has a long history.There are many big supermarkets,beautiful gardens and good factories here.It is very easy to go shopping.You can see big trees and nice flowers.There are many restaurants in Shanghai.The food tastes very delicious.You can enjoy eyery minutes of it.Many visitors come here to enjoy it.

那个她，个不高，爱笑，不长的马尾束在脑后，每天都嘻嘻哈哈、大大咧咧的。性格开朗、外向又乐观，我很了解她。她喜欢笑，喜欢闹，喜欢到处蹦蹦跳跳，哪里都会有她活跃的身影。

那个她口才真的很好，那技术，可真不是一般人能练出来的。而练过跆拳道的她，甚至打架技术也一流，同学都不敢惹她，一旦惹上了。吵也吵不过，打更打不过，那可就麻烦大了!可是她到现在，还没真正打过人呢!

那个她也奇怪，别人喜欢香浓的奶茶，可口的可乐，酸酸甜甜的橙汁。而她，却喜欢绿茶。喜欢绿茶的淡雅，绿茶的清香，喜欢绿茶的甜中带苦。他觉得，喝绿茶真的是一种享受。

他也善变，变得还很离谱。在家长老师眼里，她很乖，是一个人见人爱的乖乖女;而在同学面前，她又变得酷酷的，几乎做的每一个动作都是那么潇洒。

那个她很能干，却很笨。每次让她完成一件任务的时候，看起来好像挺精干，但仔细去斟酌，漏洞百出，她只是不仔细，做事毛毛糙糙的，跟他说了多少遍，要学会精益求精，可她怎么也做不到、

那个她也很倒霉，那些该出现的，不该出现的倒霉事，都会拐着弯地降临到她头上。其实也怪她自己，大大咧咧、笨手笨脚的。

那个她乐于助人，并不是出于良心而是她的人际关系太好了，每次路见不平，就顺便拔刀相助。次数多了，自然而然地也就演变成了乐于助人。

好了，她的介绍写完了。兴高采烈地拿去给爸爸看。爸爸看了，笑着摸了摸我的头，说：“傻孩子，她像你。”

哦?像我?那就是我吧!

As far as I know,river pollution exist so many places in our country.A great deal of dead fish can be found floating on the surface of the river because of the serious pollution.Besides river pollution,there are also air pollution,soil pollution and so on.They have done great harm to human lives.Fortunately,more and more people have come to realize how serious the problem is.The government has begun to take measures to fight against pollution.But there is still a long way to go.We should take care of our earth and try our best to win the buttle against pollutin.

In modern society, we tend to become more and more aware of our living environment or physical environment, because we are not clean as before. So many people now choose their house as to its environment but not its location and expenses to afford it. As we all know, the environment pollution is more and more serious during these years, what we could do is to make great efforts in protecting environment gradually. As to government pollution, as to common people. We also try to protect it and make it remain clean. Although we have managed to protect the environment to a certain extent. It is still a very long way to go. Protect our enviorment The earth is our home,we must take care of it.We shoule make a less pollution as we know everybody in north America makes 1000 kilograms of the garbage everyday. Most of it is packaging Most of garbage turns into soil but not to plastic,plastic keepsfor many years it will pollute our environment so we shouldn’t waste thing we should make some things for recycling .

[保护环境初中英文作文

Good morning, everyone! I am glad to be here to introduce myself. 各位早上好，很高兴在这里介绍自己。 Although this is my first time to introduce myself in English, but I believe that I can make a good

performance . and hope that through this simple introduction, you can

remember my name ，remember my face and i believe that we will become friends in no distant future。 虽然这是我第一次用这种方式介绍自己，但是我相信我会有个良好的表现。希望通过这 个简单的介绍，更多的人们能认识我，记住我的样子。也同样相信我们不久有机会会成为朋 友。 My name is TB and I am 24 years old, born in HEBEI province. I graduated from QinGdao University. My major is Hotel Managerment. I spend most of my time on study and I’ve acquired basic knowledge of my major. It is my long cherished dream to be an manager in hotel and I am eager to get an opportunity to fully play my ability. 我叫 tb，24 岁。河北人。毕业于青岛岛大学。所学的专业是旅游管理。上学期间努力 学习专业知识，现在我同样希望能有机会实现我做酒店管理的愿望，充分发挥自己的专业能 力。 In addition to the above-mentioned , in my spare time I like playing badminton, listening to pop music and surfing the Internet. Playing badminton can exercise my body, let me have more perseverance. Listen to music can make me relax, make me more confident. Internet can eich my knowledge, so that I have more experience. 除了上面说到的，在我的业余时间，我喜欢打羽毛球， 听流行音乐和上网冲浪。打羽毛球可以锻炼我的身体，让我有更多的毅力。听音乐可以让我 放松，让我更有信心。互联网可以丰富我的知识，扩充更多的知识。 ok .Thats a little about myself，thank you 好，那就是关于我的简单介绍。谢谢。

Minority: Yunnan is Chinas most minority provinces, besides Han, is inhabited by 26 people, the provinces minority population occupies total population nearly 1/3. Different nationalities have their own characteristics, so in Yunnan, you can get anywhere without culture.

Flower Town: Yunnan known as "Kingdom of plants". Europe and the United States to cultivation of Rhododendron, camellia, Primula, orchid lily flowers, mostly from Yunnan, not to mention the domestic cultivation of flowers. Yunnan: camellia, cuckoo, eight flowers of Magnolia, primrose, lily, gentian, Meconopsis, orchid. With Yunnan the four seasons such as spring weather, there is a sea of flowers. Mountain bamboo many, a luxuriant bamboo shoots.

Karst: Yunnan Eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, after two million years of corrosion and weathering erosion, forming a unique magnificent primary Karst landform, karst terrain, especially in the Lunan Stone Forest, Jiuxiang scenic area most.

Tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna: located south of the Tropic of cancer in the tropical north edge, the tropical monsoon climate, is warm, sunny, humid and rainy, earth tropic desert with only a piece of green state, is Chinas tropical rain forest ecosystem preservation is most complete, the most typical, the largest area of the region, but also on the planet today rare animal and plant gene bank, known as one of the earths natural wonders.

我今年九岁、属虎、是个小哥哥，虽然妈妈总是唠叨我吃鱼吃肉，希望我虎头虎脑;可惜我却长得像豆芽菜，高高瘦瘦的;而且鼻梁上还架了一副眼镜，人称‘小博士’!就这模样哪来虎威呢?

我爱游泳，在游泳池里我像一只青蛙，自由自在地在池里游着，耍着各种姿势;在华灯初上的广场上有我优美、矫捷的溜冰身影;看见别人羡慕的眼光，就更兴奋地玩着高难动作。

我虽然贪玩，但更爱读书和学习。 我有许多书，其中《蚊子和狮子》、《中国少年儿童百科全书》是我最爱不释手的。《蚊子和狮子》告诉我：遇事别紧张、害怕;只要多动脑筋、沉着些、勇敢些，什么都能迎韧而解。《中国少儿百科全书》告诉我：叮人的蚊子是雌蚊子、会发光的萤火虫是雄萤火虫、它还启发人们发明了日光灯，节约了许多电呢……总之书里的知识太丰富了，还需要我多探索。

我最爱的是学习，无论哪门科目我都津津有味地学着，上课时偶尔会说闲话，但99%是聚精会神地听讲上课时也会积极地，高高地举手发言。

我会努力改正缺点，继续发扬优点。认识这样一个活泼可爱的我高兴不?咱会成为好朋友的!

My favorite sports is playing basketball. I liked playing basketball when I

was a child. I think playing basketball is a very interesting and healthy

sports. Usually, after class, I always go to play basketball with my friends.

Meanwhile, it is beneficial for our health to play basketball. Most importantly,

playing basketball can makes me become stronger. Besides, I can also get the

opportunity to comunicate with each other, which makes me get well along with my

classmates. In short, I can benefit a lot from palying baketball reasonably

every day.

How to protect/save our environment/world?

The environmental pollution is worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted; we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, it but also has a great affection in the future. Peoples health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, we need protect our world。

We shouldnt throw away rubbish everywhere. We want to recycle, reduce, reuse things .Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We dont use plastic bags. We must plant more trees and stop the people cutting them .We hope our world becomes more and more beautiful。

Good morning, everyone! I am glad to be here for this interview. First, let me introduce myself to you. My name is Qin Jiayin. I was born on April 23, 1981. I am a local person.I am graduating from Jilin Normal University this June. I major in Chinese literature. I hope I could get the opportunity to finish my postgraduate courses in Jilin University which I have desired for a long time. I have the confidence because I have such ability! I am a girl who is fervent, outgoing and creative. At the same time, I think I am quick in mind and careful in everything. I am looking forward to my postgraduate studies and life. I will soon prove that your decision of choosing me is the wisest. Thank you for giving me such a valuable opportunity!

Reasons for taking postgraduate exams:

First of all, I love my major. Chinese literature is the symbol of the start of Chinese literary modernization. It plays an important part in modernization of our citizens’ thoughts. What’s more, modern literature is very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles and features of our society. I am fascinated by the great masters’ refreshing or warm or profound styles as well. But I am not easily satisfied with such superficial knowledge. I hope I could have a better understanding in modern literature by studying further. This is a very important reason for me to take the postgraduate exams.

Next, I love the feeling in the university. It is full of youthful spirit. And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere. And the most important, it’s my great honor to open my ears to your teaching.Finally, I want to talk about a very practical problem. That is my dream of becoming a teacher in the university. I want to realize my dream and make myself to be a well-qualified person. I think the postgraduate studies can eich my knowledge and make me competent in my future job.That’s my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate exams.My university:

I’m graduating form Jilin Normal University this June which has a history of 50 years. It shares many same characteristics with Jilin University. Both of them have a refreshing and scholarly atmosphere. Four years’ studying there made me an independent, optimistic and strict girl.

I appreciate the education my university gave me.

Thank you for your time!

I’m glad to introduce myself to you. My Chinese name is Ma Lin, but you can call me Rock, my English name. I chose Rock to be my English name because I want to be as tough as a rock, hehe. I was born and raised in Guangdong, so I speak both Cantonese and Mandarin.

I’ll soon graduate from Zhongshan University, majoring in accounting. I think you may have interviewed quite a lot of students from our school, so you know this major prepares us for CGA and most courses are taught in English. My GPA is 3.6, it ranks number 9 in the 115 students in my grade. And I’ve passed 15 exams in CGA, I anticipate I will get the CGA qualification in 2009.

Besides having good academic performance, I was actively involved in student activities. I was in charge of Student Welfare (生活委员) in my class, and in the Student Union of our school. I enjoyed this position because what I did was very important to everybody, although it was mostly small details.

I had a three-month internship in Guangdong Zhengzhong Accounting Firm. I did the inventory check and helped the accountants to make the auditing reports. My boss was pleased with my performance and he asked me to recommend my classmate to join our team.

KPMG is my dream company. What’s more, I have great interest in joining the Tax Department as my long term career goal is to be a tax consultant. I wish my dream could come true today. Thank you!

我很高兴向你介绍我自己。我的中文名字叫马林,但你可以叫我的岩石,我的英文名字。我选择摇滚是我的英文名字,因为我想硬如磐石,呵呵。我出生和成长在广东,所以我讲广东话和普通话。

我很快就会毕业的中山大学,主修会计。我认为你可能已经采访了不少学生从我们学校的,所以你知道这主要编写我们的海巡署和大多数课程以英语教授。我的绩点是3.6,排名第9的115名学生在我的等级。我已经过去了15注册会计师考试,我期望我会的注册会计师资格在2009年。

除了具有良好的学业表现,我积极参与学生活动。我是负责学生福利(生活委员)在我的课上,我们学校的学生会。我喜欢这个职位,因为我所做的对每个人都非常重要,虽然它主要是小细节。

我有一个三个月的实习在广东正中会计师事务所。我没有库存检查和帮助,使会计师的审计报告。我的老板对我的表现很满意,他让我推荐我的同学加入我们的团队。

毕马威公司是我的梦想。更重要的是,我很有兴趣加入税务部门作为我的长期职业目标是成为一个税务顾问。今天我希望我的梦想能成真。谢谢你们!

Hello, everyone. I can tell you about me! I am a happy girl. My name is Nina, I am 12 years old this year. My hobbies are singing and dancing. I usually play basketball on Saturday. I want to grow up to be a doctor .I didn’t like playing video games, but I like reading some books .I ride bike to school .I go to school from Monday to Friday. I am a good student in my school .Because I so like study .I am good kid too, Do you know? I usually do homework, help my family. My cook food is tasty .I like cat my favorite season is fall. I like warm and sunny. I so like red. This is me! What about you?

大家好。我可以告诉你关于我的!我是一个快乐的女孩。我叫妮娜，今年12岁。我的爱好是唱歌和跳舞。我通常在星期六打篮球。我想长大后成为一名医生，我不喜欢玩电子游戏，但我喜欢读一些书，我骑自行车上学，我从星期一到星期五上学。我是一个好学生，因为我很喜欢学习，我也是一个好孩子，你知道吗?我通常做家庭作业，帮助我的家庭。我的烹调食物很好吃，我喜欢猫，我最喜欢的季节是秋天。我喜欢温暖和阳光。我很喜欢红色。这是我!你呢?

I am. ________. I was born in ________. I graduate from ________ senior high school and major in English. I started learning English since I was 12 years old. My parents have a lot of American friends. Thats why I have no problem communicating with Americans or others by speaking English.

In my spare time, I like to do anything relating to English such as listening to English songs, watching English movies or TV programs, or even attending the activities held by some English clubs or institutes. I used to go abroad for a short-term English study. During that time, I learned a lot of daily life English and saw a lot of different things.

I think language is very interesting. I could express one substance by using different sounds. So I wish I could study and read more English literatures and enlarge my knowledge.