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自考英语写作基础【推荐20篇】

亲情,是一支古老的藤,承载着对岁月的眷恋,和对往事的缠绵,小编整理了自考英语写作基础,欢迎阅读。

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英语写作经典常用句型精选

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the + 形容词最高级 + n. + (that) + S(主语) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc

例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.(海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。)

Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + V(谓语)

例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education. (没有比接受教育更重要的事。)

S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much:再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。

例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. (我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)

There is no doubt + that + 句子:毫无疑问,……

例句:There is no doubt that the economy is recovering. (毫无疑问,经济已经逐渐复苏。)

It pays to + V + O(宾语):……是值得的。

例句:It pays to help others. (帮助别人是值得的。)

An advantage of + 名词结构+ is that + 句子:……的优点是……

例句:An advantage of using solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.(使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。)

There is no denying that + 句子:不可否认……

例句:There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better. (不可否认,我们的生活质量日益改善。)

On no account can we + V:我们绝对不能……

例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. (我们绝不能无视知识的价值。)

It is universally acknowledged that + 句子:全世界都知道……

例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us. (全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。)

The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子:……的原因是……

例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. (我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。)

be closely related to sth.:与……息息相关

例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health. (做运动与健康息息相关。)

So + 形容词 + be + S + that + 句子:如此……以致于……

例句:So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. (时间是如此珍贵,它经不起我们浪费。)

It is time + S + 动词过去式:该是……的时候了。

例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. (有关当局是时候采取适当措施解决交通问题了。)

S + enable + O + to + V:……使……能够……

例句:Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. (听音乐使我们获得放松。)

be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V:不得不……

例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. (既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。)

a. + as + S + be, S + V + O:虽然……, 但是……

例句:Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory. (虽然我们的国家富有,但我们的生活质量仍差强人意。)

It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子:可想而知/明显/显然……

例句:It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life. (显然,知识在我们人生中扮演着重要角色。)

The + 形容词比较级 + S + V, the + 形容词比较级 + S + V:……愈……,……愈……

例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make. (愈努力,愈进步。)

Since + S + 动词过去式,S + 现在完成式: 自从……,……一直……

例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. (自从上了高中,他一直很用功。)

By + V-ing, S can V:通过……,……能够……

例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. (通过做运动,我们能够保持健康。)

be based on sth.:以.……为基础

例句:Progress in society is based on harmony. (社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。)

That is the reason why +句子:那就是……的原因

例句:Summer is sultry[闷热的]. That is the reason why I dont like it. (夏天很闷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。)

There is no one but + V + O:没有人不……

例句:There is no one but longs to go to college. (没有人不渴望上大学。)

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing:因为/ 多亏……

例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. (因为他的鼓励,我终于实现了梦想。)

For the past + 时间, S + 现在完成式: 过去的……来,……一直……

例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. (过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。)

What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!:多么……!

例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (遵守诺言是多么重要的事!)

get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V:养成……的习惯

例句:We should get into the habit of

keeping good hours. (我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。) leave much to be desired:令人不满意

例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. (我们的交通状况令人不太满意。)

Those who + V + O:那些……的人

例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. (违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。)

have a great influence on sth.:对……有很大影响

例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health. (抽烟对我们的健康有很大影响。)

spare no effort to + V:不遗余力地……

例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. (我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。)

do good / harm to sth.:对……有益/有害

例句:Reading does good to our mind.(读书对心灵有益。)

pose a great threat to sth.:对……造成很大威胁

例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. (污染对我们的生存造成很大威胁。)

bring home to + S + O:让……明白……

例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard. (我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。)

do ones utmost to + V = do ones best to + V:尽全力去……

例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. (我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。)

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更多相似作文

篇1:2024年初中英语的写作技巧

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初中英语写作教学要把握一定的基本策略。写作是一个角度复杂的思维过程,对认知能力、思维能力、语言能力、组织能力和自我监控能力都有相当高的要求。写作水平的提高依赖于学生的参与,依赖于教师的指导和课堂教学的有效开展。

所谓写作教学策略,就是用来促进写作教学开展的方式方法。

1.写作的早期训练。英语写作是一门技巧、技能,需要一个长时间的发展过程才能趋于稳固,因此无论从写作能力本身的培养角度来说,还是从写作教学方法的运用角度而言,写作训练都需要早期化。

2.随着学习内容的增多,如学了数字、年龄、年级、班级、个人的喜好和生活习惯等之后,这时可让学生逐步增加写作内容。

做好“书面表达”这道题,学生应该从以下几方面人手:

一、充分准备。打好基础。

为了提高书面表达水平,平时应加强阅读,应背诵一些句型、段落甚至短文。只要读得多、背得多,就能出口成章,下笔成文。其实,用英文写信,记日记等都是学生力所能及且行之有效的练习写作的好方法。

二、仔细审题,明确要求。

对题目所提供的信息要认真分析,明确要求,做到心中有数。要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理,使之更加具体化、条理化,为开始动笔做好准备工作,还要搞清题目的要求,以便根据不同的题材、体裁,写出不同格式,风格各异的文章,此外,还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息,避免出错。

三、抓住重点。寻求思路。

根据题目所提供的信息,草拟提纲,寻求逻辑次序,确定如何下手,否则,语无伦次的文章将不会被人接受,也不可能得到高分。

四、遣词造句,表达规范。

用词要适当,不可逐句把提示汉译英,亦不可生拼硬凑,不要硬拿英语单词到中文句子里去对号,否则写出中文式英语,闹出笑话。一般来讲,写作时,应尽量选出你有把握的词,尽量使用短句(简单句)。如果有的单词不会写,有的思想不会用英语表达,你可以设法绕开,最好找一个同义词、同义句,或近义词、词组短语来代替。要正确使用关联词,如and,or,but,so,because,since等,以便行文自然流畅。

作文写完之后,应注意检查修改,修改时先从全局修改。首先要检查主题是否明确,表达方式是否恰当,接下来检查所写内容是否切题,该交待的内容是否交待了,最后检查所用时态、人称是否符合要求,最后是否一致。

写完后,还应仔细校阅1—2遍。校阅要逐词逐句进行,注意检查语法、拼写、标点、大小写等方面的错误。校阅是自检的最后一关,应严肃认真的进行,尽可能地消灭一切差错,增强文章的效果。

因此,要写好一篇作文,不仅需要具有丰富的思想内容,掌握扎实的词汇、语法及修辞等方面的语言基本功,而且还需要掌握因不同思维方式和文化背景而形成的英语特有的篇章机构模式 惟有这样才能进行最有效的书面交际活动。

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篇2:优秀英语作文写作指导:六级写作高分七大技巧

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不管做什么是,找对技巧很重要。下面语文迷网整理了英语六级的写作技巧,供大家阅读参考。

一、 长短句原则。

工作还得一张一弛呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!

强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主题句原则。

国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!

特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一 二 三原则。

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、短语优先原则。

写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。

其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。

比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。

再比如: 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则。

1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语:despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语:then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。举例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:When to go, Why he goes away…

5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、挑战极限原则。

既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可以写出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!

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篇3:中考英语作文写作技巧

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英语作文是最考察同学们英语功底的一类题型,也是在英语考试中所占分值很大的一类题型。所以在写英语作文的时候要掌握中考英语作文写作技巧才能够在中考的时候写出一篇优秀的英语作文。

初中英语作文分为四等。一等文:13-15分;二等文:9-12分;三等文:5-8分;四等文:0-4分。教给大家十个字,搞定初中英语写作,帮你拿到一等文。

要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点

要点:实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字,翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点,要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好,只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点,也就是文章的第二段内容,要做到全,围绕中心。

结构:中考最流行的结构就是三段式,深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段:简单明了,开门见山,不超过2句话,如,我们想表达小强很强壮,第一段直接说XQis extremely strong。观点明确,这一句足矣。

第二段:分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭,He has ten mealseveryday!详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时,He does exercise 2 hours a day!详举做了什么运动。

第三段:经过第二段的论证,可以得出结论。但请注意,不能完全照抄第一段,要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如,Howstrong and robust XQ is!I hope to be him one day!

逻辑:这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的,转折的,总结的逻辑词等。递进:除了first,second,third,finally等还可以使用高级点的,如first of all(首先),in addition,whatsmore,moreover(都是另外的意思),in a word,all inall(表示总结的)。转折:but,yet,however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词,因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。

语法:其他几点都不是硬性的要求,不那样做不能说是错,只能说是不好,但是语法却是硬性的。如,单词的使用,时态等。

亮点:当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文,最后两个字,亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前,都是结构清晰的三段式,要点都很全,都用了一些逻辑词,都没有语法错误,但是A篇只用了beautiful,good-looking,B篇却用到了attractive,charming,catching等,我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇,词组,句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以,以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

英语作文依靠的是同学们的语感和平时的积累,但是在面临中考的紧要关头,要想在短时间内提高英语写作水平不是一件容易的事情,这就需要同学们掌握中考英语作文写作技巧。

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篇4:2024年中考英语写作素材:英语作文必背点睛句

全文共 8320 字

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想要写好英语作文平常肯定少不了积累,下面是语文迷网整理的关于中考英语作文的句子素材,希望对你有帮助。

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和**.

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death——a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者,有如下理由:

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老。

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篇5:高考英语写作万能模版之环境保护题材句

全文共 949 字

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1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。

2.Water is the source of ourlives

水是生命之源。

3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。

4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.

我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。

5.We are sure that well win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。

6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.

是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。

7. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿,水更清,天更蓝。

8.However,natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.

然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的,一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。

9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.

如果我们不为将来考虑,后代就会受到威胁。

10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。

11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话,……一定会有恶劣的后果。

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篇6:2024最新应用文写作基础知识

全文共 6441 字

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应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体,是人们传递信息、处理事务、交流感情的工具,有的应用文还用来作为凭证和依据。

一、【结构】

1. 结构的含义

结构是指文章内部的组织和构造,是作者按照主题的需要,对材料所进行的有机组合和编排,又称谋篇布局。文章的结构具有两重含义:一是宏观结构,即文章的总体构思、大体框架;二是微观结构,即对文章的层次、段落、开头、结尾、过渡、照应和主次的具体设计。

作用:

①使文章言之有体。“体”指体裁。应用文在长期的写作实践过程中,大都形成了比较固定的结构形态,也叫程式。

②使文章言之有序。合理安排结构,就是根据一定的思路,将零散的材料组织起来,使之条理清楚,成为一个有机的整体。

③使文章言之成文。通过精心安排结构,可以增加文章的文采,从而增强其可读性。

2. 安排结构的原则

①要服从表现主题的需要。主题是作者的写作目的、意图的体现,结构必须服从主题的需要,为表现主题、突出主题服务。例如怎样安排开头与结尾、怎样划分层次与段落、怎样设置过渡与照应、怎样确定主次与详略等等,都要围绕主题进行。这样,才能使文章组成一个严谨周密、内容形式统一的有机整体。

②要正确反映客观事物的发展规律和内在联系。应用文是对现实生活、客观事物的反映,客观事物总有一个发生、发展、结局的过程,作者对它的认识也遵循一定的规律。这种规律性,也就表现为文章结构的基本形式。

③要适应不同文体的要求。文体不同,结构的样式和要求也会不同。应用文不同于文学作品,不同类型的应用文体结构方式也存在着区别。

3. 结构的要求

①严谨自然。指文章结构精当严密,顺理成章。要求作者思路清晰,思维严密,以主旨贯穿全文始终,不枝不蔓。层次段落的划分要恰当,组织严密,联系紧凑,脉络畅通,行止自如。过渡和照应要自然,不能刻意的雕凿,更不能牵强拼凑。

②完整匀称。指文章各部分要配置齐全,比例协调,详略得当,完整合理,重点突出,符合格式要求。如文章一般都有开头、主体和结尾三部分,三部分比例要协调,主体要内容充实,不能虎头蛇尾或尾大不掉;对并列内容的处理,要注意处理好详写和略写的关系,以保证结构的完整和匀称,使之浑然一体。

③清晰醒目。大多数应用文不要求行文曲折波澜,而要求纲举目张、清晰醒目,以便读者把握要领或贯彻执行,所以常采用加小标题、写段首撮要、条目式等形式。这在一些法规性文体中最为明显。

4. 结构的内容

①层次与段落。层次是文章中作者表达主题的阶段和次序,是文章内容展开的次序。层次体现了事物发展的阶段,是问题的各个侧面和作者思维的过程,又称为“意义段”、“逻辑段”、“章”、“节”等。段落,又称“自然段”,是组成文章、表达思想最基本、相对独立的最小单位。段落的形式是层次的再分割,是文章意思的间歇或转换,以换行为为标志。两者有明显的区别,层次侧重于内容的划分,段落侧重于文字形式的表现。有时一个段落恰好是一个层次,有时几个段落表现一个层次或一个段落内有几个层次。安排层次有两种模式:

(1)纵式,即思路纵向展开的结构方式。具体有两种类型:时间顺序式和逻辑顺序式。前者是按照事物的生产流程、事情或事件的发展过程或时间的先后顺序安排层次。需要注意的是,采用这种结构方式,不能事无巨细地记流水账,要抓住事物发展的关键环节。逻辑顺序关系是按照事理内在的逻辑顺序安排层次。这种逻辑关系表现为:现象——本质,原因——结果,宏观——微观,个别—一般等。按照这样的关系先后为序、环环相扣、层层递进地安排结构,就是逻辑顺序。

(2)横式,即思维横向发展的结构方式。表现在形式上,它是把整体划分为若干相对的层次,各层次之间互不交织、平等并列,从不同方面和角度共同揭示了事物的整体面貌和主旨,或按照空间方位的变换,或按照材料的不同性质和类型,或按照问题的不同侧面等。这种结构形式,在应用写作中运用很广泛,述职报告、调查报告、总结等均可采用。

②过渡与照应。过渡是指层次与段落之间的衔接与转换,在文章中起着承上启下、穿针引线的作用。照应是指文章内容的前后呼应和关照,可以使文章结构周密严谨,浑然一体,还能使某些关键内容得到强调,突出主题。

一般情况下,当内容由总到分或由分到总时、意思转换时以及表达方式变化时,需要安排过渡。过渡的形式有段落、句子或词语。如上下文空隙大,转折也很大,常用过渡段连结。上下文空隙小,多用提示性的句子,如公文中,常有“特此如下通告”、“现将有关事项告知如下”、“为此,特制定本条例”等作过渡。在意思转折不大的情况下,多用关联词,如“因为”、“所以”、“但是”等作为过渡词。

在应用文中,常用的照应方法有:

(1)首尾照应,即在文章的结尾处,把开头交待的事或提出的问题再次提起,有的进一步加以概括、归纳、补充,如论文、总结、调查报告等。

(2)文题照应,即指在行文中时时照应标题,对主题加以强调、提示。如大多数公文标题中都包含着“事由”,文章内容自然要与标题相照应。

(3)文中照应,即文章自身前后内容间的照应,如某些细节和问题在行文中不断被提起,这样能强化印象,更好地实现作者的表达意图。

③开头与结尾。开头是全篇文章的第一步,可以起到统领全篇,展开全文的作用。结尾是全文的收束和结局,能帮助读者加深认识,把握全篇,达到预期的写作目的。

常见的开头方式有:

(1)目的式。就是将写作的目的和意义直接说明。一些公文常用这种方式,常用介词“为”、“为了”领起。

(2)根据式。就是开头阐明撰文的根据,或引据政策法令和规定指示,或引述全文,或引据事实和道理,常用“根据”、“按照”、“遵照”等领起下文。

(3)原因式。就是以交待行文的缘由作为开头,常用“由于”、“因”、“鉴于”等引出原因或简述某种情况作为原因,再引出写作目的。

(4)概述式。就是在开头部分对文章内容的背景、基本情况、主要内容加以概述。采用这一方式,能起到提纲挈领的作用。

(5)结论式。就是将结论、结果先作交待,再由果溯因。

(6)提问式。就是开篇提出问题,然后引起下文,常见于调查报告的写作。

(7)引述式。常用于有具体规定格式的文体中,如“合同”,或引述下级来文、上级指示精神,或有关政策法规,以此作为撰文的依据。如批复、函等常用这种方式。

常见的结尾方式有:

(1)自然收尾式。就是在主体部分写完之后,事尽言止,自然收结。

(2)总结归纳式。指在主体写完后,对全文的主旨进行简要的概括,总结全文。

(3)强调说明式。是在应用文的结尾处,对全文的主旨意义、重要性进行强调,以引起读者的注意。

(4)希望号召式。就是在结尾部分提出希望,发出号召,展望未来,以鼓舞斗志。

(5)专门结尾用语式。就是在结尾处,采用特定的用语结束全文。

二、【语言】

1. 准确

准确,就是要正确地、恰当无误地表达出所要表达的内容,用词用语含义清楚,概念恰当明确,不产生歧义,不引起误会,无溢美之词,无隐恶之嫌。

要做到语言准确,必须要把握词语的分寸感和合适度。特别是要区分同义词、近义词在适用范围、词义轻重、搭配功能、语体雅俗、词性差别等方面的细微差别。

要做到语言准确,还要注意语意鲜明,不能模棱两可,含糊其辞,以免产生歧义,延误工作。如“大致尚可”、“有关部门”、“条件许可时”、“事出有因,查无实据”等表达含糊的词应谨慎使用。

2. 简明

简明,指文字的简洁、明白,用较少的文字清楚表达较多、较丰富的内容,要“有话则长,无话则短”。要做到简明,首先要精简文意,压缩篇幅,突出主干,把无关或关系不大的内容删去。其次要反复锤炼,提高概括能力,杜绝堆砌修饰语,适当使用缩略语,如“五讲四美”等。第三,要推敲词语,锤炼句子,一句话就能说明白的决不用两句话,一个词能概括清楚的决不用两个词。恰当地运用成语、文言词语等,也有助于语言的简明。第四,要注意用词通俗,不用生僻晦涩的字句。应该指出的是,“简”要得当,不能苟简,要以不妨碍内容的表达为前提,绝不能为简而生造词语、乱缩略、滥用文言,不能让人不明白或产生歧义,引起误解。

3. 平实

应用文是为解决实际问题而写的,它的语言重在实用。一个字、一句话,往往至关重要。为了便于读者理解,应用文语言应力求平实。行文时多用平直的叙述,恰当的议论,简洁明了的说明。比如公文,它具有行政约束力和法定的权威性,因此,用语必须朴素、切实,不能浮华失实,不能乱用形容词或俚俗口语。

应用文写作要求用语平实,但平实不等于平淡。我国历史上保留下来的许多文章既是应用文,同时又是文学佳作。

4. 得体

应用文实用性强,讲究得体,一方面要适合特定的文体。按文体要求遣词造句,保持该文体的语言特色。如公文宜庄重,调查报告须平实,学术论文应严谨,社交文书需较浓的感情色彩,广告就常用模糊的语言,使用说明书则需具体实在,商业交际文书要委婉,合同书则要精确等。另一方面要考虑作者自己的身份,阅读的对象,约稿的单位,行文的目的,甚至与客观环境的和谐一致,恰如其分。比如需要登报或张贴的,语言要通俗易懂,需要宣读或广播的,语言应简明流畅、便于朗读;书信的写作,要根据远近亲疏、尊卑长幼的关系使用相应的语言;公文的写作要根据不同文种和行文关系而使用相应的语言,否则就不得体。总而言之,作者应有针对性地运用得体的语言取得最佳的表达效果。

三、【种类】

应用文的种类繁多,可以从不同的角度划分成不同的类别。

一、按其处理事情的性质划分

可以分为公务类应用文和私务类应用文。

公务类应用文是指为处理国家和集体的事务而写作和使用的应用文,即通常所说的公文。

私务类应用文是指为处理个人的事务而写作和使用的应用文,即通常所说的个人日常应用文书。

二、按表达方式划分

有记叙文、说明文、议论文。

记叙文是以记叙为主要表达方式的应用文;说明文是以说明为主要表达方式的应用文;议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的应用文。

三、按使用领域划分

(一)行政类应用文?行政类应用文包括国家行政机关公文和日常行政公文。

1.国家行政机关公文

国家机关公文是国家机关、社会团体或企事业单位处理事务的文件,主要用来传达和贯彻党和国家的政策法令,指导工作,提出要求,答复问题,通报情况,交流经验,传递信息。公文制作比较严格,具有一定的法律效力,在写作和使用时,要根据国家最新的行政机关公文处理办法,区分每类公文文种的行文要求和使用范围,确定适用的文种形式,确保其使用效率。

2.日常行政机关公文

日常行政机关公文是指上述国家法定的行政机关公文以外的一些事务文件。是指简报、计划、总结、调查报告、规章制度,介绍信、证明信等用来处理单位内部日常事务,与具体部门进行工作联系的应用文。它们的行文格式不像公文那样严格,制作也比较自由。日常事务公文不具有法定的权威,一般不单独行文,如有必要,需另行备文,按法定公文处理,否则只作为参考材料。有些日常事务公文还可在报刊上发表。

(二)专业工作应用文

专业工作应用文是指在一定专业机关或专门的业务活动领域内,因特殊需要而专门形成和使用的应用文。由于分工不同,社会各行各业经管的事务有很大的差异。这样,在长期的工作实践中便逐渐形成了一些与其专业相适应的应用文,称为专业工作应用文。专业应用文除了要遵守应用文的一般规则外,还有很强的专业特点,外行人是不能写好的,如财经部门常用的预决算报告、审计报告、市场调查报告、市场预测报告、项目可行性研究报告、外贸函电、经济合同等;司法部门常用的起诉书、判决书、证词、辩护词、立案报告、破案报告;文教部门常用的教学计划、教学大纲、教案、教学管理条例;医务工作常用的病历、处方、护理日志、诊断证明书、死亡报告;外事工作常用的照会、声明、国书、意向书、备忘录、国际公约、联合公报等等。

在各类应用文中,专业工作应用文涉及的面最广,发展最快。随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步,社会分工会越来越细,为适应工作需要随事立体的应用写作新形式,也将会不断增多。

(三)日常生活应用文

日常生活应用文主要指个人用来处理日常生活事务和礼仪的应用文,如书信、电报、启事、请柬、讣告、日记、读书笔记。日常生活应用文与个人的日常生活、人际交往活动关系密切,使用范围很广。日常生活应用文虽然也有一定的格式,但不十分严格,写作较灵活自由。

以上只是从大的方面来划分。如果进一步,还可根据行文方向、内容性质或其他管理文件的标准来划分。

四、【表达方式】

1. 叙述

叙述,指的是把人物的活动、经历和事件发展变化过程交代出来一种表达方式。在应用文写作中是最基本、最常用的表达方式。

应用文写作中叙述的人称,有第一人称(“我”、“我们”)和第三人称(“他”、“他们”)。使用第一人称“我”、“我们”系指作者本人,或作者所代表的群体、单位,如书信、请示、报告、总结等文体的写作,多用第一人称。有时,为简要起见,常使用无主句。有的应用文体,如新闻报道、简介、调查报告、会议纪要,为表明作者立场客观、公正,传播的信息真实、可信,常采用第三人称写作。

应用文中的叙述方式有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、分叙等。应用文中记叙事件的发展过程,介绍单位的基本情况,一般都是按顺叙,即时间先后为序来叙述。其原因在于,应用文重在实用,不求委婉、曲折,故多采用直接的笔法叙事、说理。倒叙、插叙、分叙等用得较少,只在通讯、消息、调查报告的写作中才用得上。

应用文中的叙述要力求真实、准确,不带主观感情色彩;线索清晰,表述完整;以概述为主,尽可能用概括的语言说出其前因后果、来龙去脉,使读者了解其梗概。

2. 说明

说明,就是用简明扼要的文字对事物、事理及人物进行解说的表达方式。目的是使读者对事物的形态、构造、成因、性质、种类、功能,对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、关系等有一个鲜明的了解和认识。

说明在应用文中使用广泛,如解说词、广告词、说明书、简介等文体,主要是用说明的方法来写的。其他文体如经济文书、科技文书、诉讼文书、行政公文等,也常常借助说明的方法解释事理,剖析事理。

说明的方法多种多样,在使用过程中应注意:定义说明要求“被定义者”和“定义者”外延相等,用语简明准确,具有科学性,不能用否定形式,避免“同义反复”;解释说明要求抓住要领,言简意明;分类说明注意根据写作意图选择恰当的分类角度,再次分类只能依据一个标准,各类的总和要等于被分类的事物;比较说明运用时要求用来作比的事物与被比物要相似,有明确的相比点,尽量用人们熟悉的事物作比;举例说明要求事例典型能给人以深刻的印象,举例应扼要,只需概述介绍,不必具体铺叙;引用说明要求引文要有针对性,要贴切,所引资料要认真核实,使之准确可靠;比喻说明应力求准确贴切;数字说明要求数字准确无误,每个数据都要有来源;图表说明要求选择图表要有代表性和针对性,表格的设计要合理,使人一目了然。

3. 议论

议论,即议事论理,是运用事实材料和理论材料进行逻辑推理阐明观点的一种表达方式。它主要特点是证明性,即通过摆事实、讲道理,或证明自己观点的正确,或驳斥对方观点的错误。

在应用文写作中,议论经常使用。调查报告、总结、通报等文体,经常在叙述事实、说明情况的基础上,表明对人物、事件、问题的评价。指示、决议、会议纪要等公文,也常用议论来阐明党和国家的方针、政策,让下级机关和群众理解和执行。

应用文写作中的议论,与一般议论文中的议论有明显的区别。一般议论文中,议论是最主要的表现方法,贯穿全文始终,论点、论据、论证三要素齐备。而在应用文写作中,最主要的表达方式是叙述和说明,议论居于从属的地位,一般只是在叙述、说明的基础上进行。另外,应用文的议论,一般也不需要作长篇大论,不需作复杂的多层次的逻辑推理,也不一定具备论点、论据、论证这样一个完整的议论过程,而只是在需要分析论证的地方,采取夹叙夹议的方法,或采取三言两语的方式,点到即止,不作深入论证。

运用议论要注意,一要庄重,对任何事物的评价要实事求是,以理示人,以理服人。二要明快,要直截了当的阐明观点,不拐弯抹角,不回避矛盾。

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篇7:散文写作基础知识

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散文在取材和艺术表现的要求上,形象化和抒情性自然是重要的,更要注意记实性。以下,小编为大家介绍散文写作基础知识,供大家参考借鉴,欢迎浏览!

第一节 散文概述

中国是一个散文大国。古今的散文大家和作品,享誉很高。新时期以来,我国的散文创作出现了前所未有的好势头,散文创作持续热闹火爆,涌现了一批专事散文的作家,一些学者、诗人、小说家、评论家、艺术家也跻身其中,众多的大学生也喜爱读写散文。“‘五四’以来的中国散文史,无疑是继先秦、两汉、魏晋、唐宋、明清散文这一座座峰峦之后的又一个高一峰。它最为重大的意义是企图号召整个民族,彻底地走向人性*的解放,树立科学和民-主、平等和自一由的现代文明观念。多少散文家都通过自己洋溢着独特个性*的笔角,在不同的领域之内,从种种不同的视角,程度不等地完成着这个神圣的使命。”(林非《傅德岷主编〈中国现代散文发展史〉序》)

1998年6月,中国当代散文创作研讨会认为:我国当代散文发展到今天,取得了很大的成绩,发表、出版了一大批优秀的散文,它们坚持对人生的始终关怀,坚持文学应该有益于人心世道,应该净化、美化和慧化人心,艺术上坚持众美并具、雅俗共赏的原则,成为色*、香、味俱全的文化品位的精神食粮。同时,当代散文也面临创新与发展的问题。如今的读者对各类散文家及其作品褒贬不一,文坛上存在多种声音,表明散文创作同样是“没有最好,只有更好”。散文作者认识到这一点才能正确对待他人和自己。散文作者应该顺应时代的潮流,关注社会人生,要以自身的人格力量打动读者。散文属于高雅的精神产品,在经济大潮的冲击下,应当有一个清醒的对抗“商品”的精神。散文的开放是精神的开放、境界的开放,对于境界的把握,应比读者高出一个层次。中外散文名家的成功经验证明,散文创作必须讲究风格和形式,没有风格的写作最终会失去创作的个性*。

学习散文写作有两条途径,其一是从摹仿入手,跟在他人后面亦步亦趋。这种没有理论的盲目实践,往往事倍功半。其二是在阅读了一些散文,有了些感性*认识,然后学习散文写作理论,使感性*认识上升到理性*认识的阶段,再阅读名家范文,然后从事写作实践,这样就可以事半功倍。我们应取第二条途径,即:阅读→研究→阅读→写作。

首先,要明白散文的定义。什么是散文呢?有广义和狭义两种概念。广义的散文,在古代指的是一切不押韵的文章。刘勰在《文心雕龙》的《总术》篇写道:“今之常言,有‘文’有‘笔’,以为无韵者‘笔’也,有韵者‘文’也。”所谓“笔”,就是指韵文以外的一切记叙性*和议论性*的文体,这些文体就散文。不过,古代没有“散文”这一个名称;“散文”这个名称是“五四”时期才有的。在现代,广义的散文包括了除去诗歌、小说、戏剧、影视文学之外的一切叙事性*、议论性*、抒情性*的文体,如秦牧在《海阔天空的散文领域》中说,“不属于其他文学体裁,而又具有文学味道的一切篇幅短小的文章,都属于散文的范围”。这样,就有了抒情散文,叙事散文和议论散文等的分类。

狭义的散文则专指抒情散文。这是因为随着文体的发展,叙事散文中的通讯特写、传记文学、报告文学等,已经发展成为独立的文体,各成一类;议论散文则有了专门的名称——杂文,也从散文中分了出来,剩下的只有抒情散文,这就是狭义的散文。

我们这里要学习的主要是抒情散文,也涉及叙事散文和其它类型的散文。习作者可以根据自己的人生阅历、文化素养和爱好,或写作抒情散文,或作叙事散文,或写文化散文,或作智慧散文,或写游历散文,或作其它类型的散文。

其次,要认清散文的写作特点。散文是一种内容丰富、题材广泛、篇幅短小、体裁多样、形式灵活、文情并茂的文体。在写作上,它有以下六个特点:

(一)内容丰富,题材广泛散文的内容涉及自然万物、各色*人等、古今中外、政事私情……可以说是无所不包、无所不有的。可以写国内外和社会上的矛盾、斗争,写经济建设,写文艺论争,写伦理道德,也可以写文艺随笔,读书笔记,日记书简;既可以是风土人物志、游记和偶感录,也可以是知识小品、文坛轶事;它能够谈天说地,更可以抒情写趣。凡是能给人以思想启迪、美的感受、情操的陶治,使人开阔视野,丰富知识,心旷神怡的,都可选作散文的题材。

(二)思想警辟,诗意盎然散文多是真情实感的产物,那些优秀的篇章,都有思想火花的闪耀,表现着作者对时代和人生的深刻认识与精辟见解。徐迟说:“ 文学作品,应该有思想。散文也不例外。它要求有特别锐利的思想。即使是抒情散文,也要求有不但是锐利的,而且是特别锐利的思想。不到五百字的《岳陽楼记》,‘先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐’是一个光辉灿烂的思想。抒情散文固然很多,写到这样的境界就并不很多。然而,这正是散文、抒情散文所应追求的境界。”“凡掷地作金石声的作品差不多总是包含一着鲜明的思想、结结实实的思想。有闪光的思想之焦点,飞跃着不灭的思想之火焰的。”(《说散文》)我们读鲁迅的《雪》,可以学到鲁讯从飞雪和雪罗汉身上探索到的美好、光明以及与冷酷现实进行顽强斗争的革命精神;读茅盾的《白杨礼赞》,可以看出茅盾怎样从平凡的白杨树身上联想到北方农民的坚强不屈和英勇豪迈的形象;读袁鹰的《井冈翠竹》,可以领悟作者从普通的一毛一竹思考到井冈山人民的献身革命与建设的精神品质。秦牧说得好:“思想像一根线串起了生活的珍珠,没有这根线,珍珠只能够弃散在地。”散文的优秀作品还每每是诗意盎然的。杨朔说过:“好的散文就是一首诗。”苏联作家巴乌斯托夫斯基也指出:“真正的散文是充满诗意的,就像苹果饱含一着果汁一样。”因此,高尔基对青年作者说:“我们的青年是否也可以试一下,热情地用散文来写人们,使得散文也自然而然地变成为诗。”(引自《回忆高尔基》)杨朔的散文之所以写得那样好,原因之一就他“总是拿着当诗一样写。”他告诉我们:“不要从狭义方面来理解诗意两个字。杏花春雨,固然有诗,铁马金戈的英雄气概,更富有鼓舞人心的诗力。你在斗争中,劳动中,时常会有些东西触一动你的心,使你激昂,使你欢乐,使你忧愁,使你深思,这不是诗又是什么?凡是遇到这样动情的事,我就要反复思索,到后来往往形成我文章里的思想意境。”(《东风第一枝·小跋》)他的名篇《荔枝蜜》、《茶花赋》、《海市》……都是诗意盎然之作,既是散文,又是诗篇。

(三)短小精悍,自一由灵活有人称散文是文艺战线上的“轻骑兵”,就是因为它具有篇章短小精悍、形式灵活自一由的特点。我国古代散文的名篇多数是很短的,如韩愈的《马说》150字,柳宗元的《小石潭记》193字。现代散文的名篇多数也是很短的,如许地山的《落花生》482字,茅盾的《白杨礼赞》1074字。当然,较长的优秀散文也是有的,但它与一般记叙文相比,仍是精悍之作。所以散文写作要求做到短小精悍,以小见大,言近旨远。

从形式上来看,散文较其它的文学体裁更为自一由活泼、灵活多样。鲁迅在《怎么写》中指出:“散文的体裁,其实是大可以随便的。”冰心在《谈散文》中说:“散文比较自一由”。当然,这里说的“随便”、“自一由”不是毫不经心、信手乱写。自一由灵活的散文写作,是“装着随便的涂鸦模样,其实却是用心雕心刻骨的苦心的文章。”(厨川白村:《出了象牙之塔》)散文写作自一由、灵活这一特点,在写作上,首先指的是表达方式灵活自如,不局限于某一种表达方法。因而,散文写作可以记人、叙事、状物、写景、抒情、说理、呐喊、怒吼、抨击、赞颂、幽默、讽刺、高歌、浅唱、漫谈、絮语、嘻笑怒骂、妙语解颐……各式各样、应有尽有。其次,写作者可以自一由、灵活地选用各种体裁来写,赋铭、速写、游记、书信、日记、序跋、偶感、随笔、回忆录、读后感……,任人选择,因人而异,都能写成佳作。(四)形散神收,博而不杂宋代大散文家、诗人苏轼在《文说》中说:“吾文如万斛泉一涌,不择地而出。在平地,滔滔汩一汩,虽一日千里无难。及其与山石曲折,随物赋形而不可知也。所可知者,常行于所当行,常止于不可不止,如是而已矣。”

“形散神不散”,这是许多散文作家的经验之谈。散文必须“散”,必须“博”,也就是说从表面上看,从形式上看,它运笔如风,不拘成法,似乎散漫无章,行文时断时续,时而勾勒描绘,时而倒叙联想,时而感情迸发,时而侃侃议论,既有天文地理,又有伦理人情,这段写甲地,那段却写乙地。但是,它的“神” 却是始终不散的,是首尾一贯的,是表现作者一定的思想、感情的。“神收”、“不杂”,就指的是文章始终紧紧围绕一个中心,贯穿一条红线,做到结构紧凑,层次分明,详略得当,重点突出。例如秦牧的散文《社稷坛抒情》,是既“散”又“博”的,然而,尽管它天上地下,古今中外,包罗万象,却始终围绕着“歌颂赞美养育我们的土地和创造我们伟大民族文化历史的劳动人民”这一主题思想。因此,从形式上说,散文贵“散”,而在构思上、组织上,则散文忌“散”。散文写作具有的这一辩证统一的特点,使得它与其它文体区别开来。

(五)直抒胸臆,自具风格文学作品都是带有感情的,但小说、戏剧的作者,往往把自己强烈的感情倾注在人物形象的塑造上,作者对生活的感受、对人物的爱憎褒贬,一般是通过间接的方式表现出来的。而散文则不一样,它常常象诗歌一样,每每用直接抒情的方式抒写胸臆,不仅使读者知其理、晓其事,而且悟其心、感其情,因此,散文要求作者写一真情实感。真情是散文的生命,只有直抒胸臆,把真情实感捧给读者,才会赢得读者的喜爱。作家贾平凹在回答“散文创作要不要绝对真实”的问题时说:“这个问题争论很多,又都没有一定结论。我个人的体会,还是倾向于‘绝对真实’四个字。所谓真实,主要是指在感情以及运用环境和事件上。古人写的散文,题材也是很广泛的,但古人写散文,都是有感而发。今人写散文,多多少少存在着一些为写而写的现象,所以在绝对真实问题上就出现了所谓‘ 理论与实践上的不一致。’也正因为如此,这些散文就写得不那么成功了。当然,作为文学作品应该生活化,生活也应该作品化,散文尤是这样。”(《怎样写好散文》)

写作要“文如其人”,散文更是这样。名家都有自己的风格,他们的作品即使不署名,读者也能从风格上看出作者。如鲁迅的散文深刻、精炼、峭拔,虽然他写文章经常改换笔名,然而“何家干”的文章,明眼人一看就看出是鲁迅。郭沫若的散文气势浩荡,又清丽、缠一绵。茅盾的散文与郭沫若的浩荡相反,表现为深刻而细微。还有,老舍的散文诙谐,冰心的散文慈爱,叶圣陶严谨畅达,方纪潇洒俊一逸,等等。初学写作者一时不可能形成自己的散文风格,但是必须向这些各有风格的散文作家学习,经过多次的实践、创造,努力形成自己的散文风格。

(六)惨淡经营,文采斐然优秀的散文不可能是“掉以轻心”写出来的,它们都是作者惨淡经营、刻意加工的结晶。秦牧指出:“一篇小小的散文也许写作时间仅仅是一两个小时,但却要求作家深厚的素养,而且不断扩大和丰富这种素养。把散文当作是‘小功夫’,‘掉以轻心’的写作态度,是很不利于我们散文创作的繁荣发展的。即使是怎样熟练的名作家,我们也要求他们在写作一篇小文章时,采取‘大象搏狮用全力,搏兔也用全力’的态度。”有些散文家提倡散文的“整体美 ”,也是要求作者在内容和形式上都“惨淡经营”。整篇文章是惨淡经营、刻意加工写成的,它的语言就是精炼的,文采斐然的。这是由于作者运用的是散文笔调。那么什么是“散文笔调”呢?可以说,散文笔调一方面表现在它的行文灵活自如,另一方面则表现在它十分讲究文采。散文的文采不仅有华丽的,而且有朴素的。

学习散文写作,既要掌握华丽的文采,也要掌握朴素的文采。写得华丽并不容易,写得朴素更难。徐迟的文章是很有文采的,他常用赋的方法兼用比、兴修辞,使得文采华美。但是他说:“只有写得朴素了,才能显出真正的文采来。古今大散文家,都是这样写作的。越是大作家,越到成熟之时,越是写得朴素。而文采闪耀在朴素的篇页之上。”我们还要看到,不管是华丽的还是朴素的,散文的富有文采的语言都是从新鲜、活泼的口语中来的,也是对优秀的古代散文创造性*的继承,也是作者仔细选择、锤炼和加工的结果。

第二节 散文的写作

一、精于立意

“凡文以意为主”。散文的“意”是存在于深厚的生活土壤和浩瀚的生活海洋中的。要获得它,必须依靠我们对生活的深入观察、感受、理解。因此,散文立意只要从生活实际出发,凭着鲜明的感受,锋锐的观察能力,同人民同时代共同跳动的脉博,深厚的感情,丰富的想象,深沉的思索,就会感到我们生活中洋溢着的诗意。这诗意,就是使我们心灵受到触一动的东西,使我们眼睛豁然开朗的东西,思想突然升华的东西,感情更为纯洁的东西,它就诗的灵感。我们要为自己的散文立意就要赶紧捕捉住它。因为这里面有心灵的颤一动,思想的闪光。刘白羽说:“哪怕是微弱的闪耀也比没有闪耀要好,这才不是一般的照相,这才是文学。”(《早晨的太陽》序)

譬如,一个作家去看茶花,品种繁多,美不胜收的茶花引起了他的思索:“茶花是美啊。凡是生活中美的事物都是劳动创造的。是谁白天黑夜、积年累月,拿自己的汗水浇着花,象抚育自己儿女一样抚育着花秧,终于培养出这样绝色*的好花?应该感谢那为我们美化生活的人。”这就是思想的闪耀,作家十分宝贵它,就及时把这个意思记下来。后来,他听一位花匠介绍一种茶花说:“这叫童子面,花期迟,刚打开骨朵,开起来颜色*深红,倒是最好看的。”并没有引起思索,但他是记住这种茶花的名称的。过了一会,恰巧一群小孩也来看茶花,这事引起了作家的注意,他看见孩子们一个个仰着鲜红的小一脸,甜蜜蜜地笑着,唧唧喳喳叫个不休,心灵猛然一颤,不禁脱口说出:“童子面茶花开了。”而花匠听了这话省悟后说:“真的呢,再没有比这种童子面更好看的茶花了。”这话使得一个念头突然跳出他的脑海,他说:“我得到一幅画的构思。如果用最浓最艳的朱红画一大朵含露乍开的童子面茶花,岂不正可以象征着祖国的面貌?”于是,作家就把看茶花引起的感受、思索写成一篇文情并茂的散文《茶花赋》。这个作家就杨朔。而读者、评论者通过阅读就可以悟出作家写此文的立意:歌颂如花的祖国,歌颂美化祖国的劳动人民。

二、善于构思

构思是写作者对生活素材进行去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的加工、提炼的过程。写作者要在构思中为散文的思想内容寻找尽量完美的艺术形式,使思想性*与艺术性*达到和谐的统一。因此,构思要解决立意、选材、创造意境、确定体裁、基本手法、布局谋篇等问题。这里着重讲讲确定体裁、寻找线索、创造意境三个问题。

第一、确定体裁。散文的体裁灵活多样。我们有了一个好的意思(思想),并且选取了表现这一意思(思想)的材料,那么就要考虑:是写成书信体,还是写成日记体?是写成随笔,还是写成偶感?是写成游记,还是写成回忆录?是写成序或跋,还是写成读后感?确定具体体裁的原则是内容决定形式,形式为内容服务。譬如到苏州旅游之后,你感到要向父母报告一下自己的游踪和观感,你就可以写成书信;你在游玩中遇到一些使你感动的人或事,你就可以写随笔、漫录;你在游玩虎丘、狮子林、寒山寺、西园、留园等地之后,觉得寒山寺的钟特别吸引人,并引起你的遐思,你就可以写成如《社稷坛抒情》那样诗意浓郁的抒情文;你如果是旧地重游,吃到苏州某种土特产而忆起往事,则可以偏重于回忆,写成《小米的回忆》那样的回忆式的散文……总之,要根据立意内容来确定表现形式——具体的体裁。

第二、寻找线索。散文的材料应该是很“散”的,每一个材料都是一颗珍珠,但这些珍珠互相之间有内在的联系,我们写作者要寻找一根线,用笔作针,将这些散乱的珍珠穿起来,成为一串光彩夺目的珠圈、项链。那末,有哪些东西可以作为线索呢?一是感情线索。我们的感情在生活中发生变化,如由厌恶到喜爱,或从喜欢到厌恶,就可以用这条感情的线索把一些似乎没有关联的材料联结起来。如杨朔写《荔枝蜜》就是利用感情线索,才把儿时记忆、从化疗养、荔枝树林、苏轼诗词、喜尝蜂蜜、参观蜂场、赞扬蜜蜂、农民劳动和夜晚梦蜂等事串连起来的。

二是事物线索。如曹靖华在日常生活中感受到:今天仍然需要发扬延安时期“小米加步一槍一”的艰苦奋斗精神,就搜罗记忆中有关小米的往事,用小米把发生在不同地点、不同时间、不同情况下的事件组合在一起。许多托物咏志的散文也是以物为线索的,如冰心的《樱花赞》。

三是人物线索。如写某一个人物在不同时间、不同地点的活动,可以用这个人物作为线索串连起来,也可以用另一个人物把不同时间、不同地点、不同人物、不同内容的事物串连起来。这个人物还可以是写作者本人——“我”。

四是思绪线索。如面对某一事物、景物沉思遐想,“鹜趋八极,心游万仞”,“观古今于须臾,抚四海于一瞬”,“笼天地于形内,挫万物于笔端”。就能通过联想与想象,把有关的材料组织在一起,表达原定的主题思想。如秦牧的《土地》、杨朔的《海市》、贾平凹的《丑石》等。

五是景物线索。“一切景语皆情语也”。通过景物描写,在写景中融进写作者的思想感情。

如《天山景物记》、《西湖即景》。

六是行动线索。如游记以游程行踪为线索。刘白羽写《长江三日》就以游程为主线来写,当然,全文还有一条哲理性*的思绪线索:“战斗——航进——穿过黑夜走向黎明”。

“文无定法”,散文的线索很多,以上六种线索是较为人们常用的。

第三、创造意境。散文的意境是情和景的交一融,是意和境的统一,是作者浸透了时代精神的主观感情、意志与自然环境和社会环境的统一。意是灵魂,境是血肉。意高则境深,意低则境浅。散文的这种意境应是诗的意境,即所谓“诗情画意”。它是可以捉摸的,可以感受的,是物质的,形象的,但它又是动人心弦的,震颤魂魄的,是精神的,性*灵的。如朱自清写《荷塘月色*》,全篇着力于“淡淡的情趣”,顺着沿路走来、伫立凝想的线索,通过描绘使小路、荷塘、花姿、月色*、树影、雾气、灯光……色*彩斑烂,可见可感,而叶香、蛙鸣、蝉声,又可味可闻。更加上心情的抒写,巧妙的譬喻,创造出一种淡雅、闲静、情景交一融的意境。这种优美的意境,正是散文写作者要努力追求、刻意创造的。

构思方法可以向前人借鉴,更需自己创新。过去就有一个青年作者发明出一种“散文快速构思法”,为《青春》、《采石》等刊物的编辑所重视。

三、巧于布局散文一般篇幅短小,布局有方便的地方,但要布局得好,却因篇幅短小而有其难处。这犹如一座大山上有小堆的乱石,常常无损大山的壮观。但是一个小园中有一堆乱石,就很容易破坏园林之美。因此,散文的布局——结构十分重要。参观苏州园林,从它精巧的建筑布局上,我们可以得到启示,可以借鉴它的园林建筑布局来考虑散文的布局。叶圣陶在《苏州园林》中写道,苏州园林建筑的设计者和匠师们“讲究亭台轩榭的布局,讲究假山池沼的配合,讲究花草树木的映衬,讲究近景远景的层次。总之,一切都要为构成完美的图画而存在,决不容许有欠美伤美的败笔。”作为散文的写作来说,也要这样讲究材料的布局、配合、映衬、层次。苏州园林不讲究对称,但散文布局有时则需讲究对称,或对比。叶圣陶又说:“苏州园林在每一个角度都注意图画美。”那么,散文的整体布局要讲究艺术性*,它的局部的布局不是同样要讲究艺术性*吗?至于布局的具体方法是很多的,前面讲的线索问题也与布局有关。这里可以着重提一下的是:不少散文的布局都要巧设“文眼”,开头往往似谈家常,结尾则加以深化,画龙点睛,“卒章显其志”,并且首尾呼应,通体一贯,有机结合。初学散文写作,不妨学习这种布局的方法。

四、明于断续散文要“散”得起来,除了选材要有技巧之外,就是在叙写上要注意断续的技巧。明于断续,才能使散文的行文上挥洒自如。贾平凹说:“记住:越是你知道多的地方,越要不写或者写得很少;空白,这正是你要写的地方呢。”他认为,“讲究了‘空白’处理,一是散文可以散起来,断续之,续断之,文能‘飞起’,神妙便显也。二是散文可以含蓄起来,古人也讲过:意在笔先,故得举止闲暇,看似胡乱说,骨子里却有分数。”(《怎样写好散文》)我们要多阅读古人优秀的散文作品,学习他人的断续技巧,在写作实践中多次运用之后就必然熟能生巧。

第三节 散文写作的模式

记人散文模一式

【开头】

1 感情化语言概括叙述。我和该人,重点在后。介绍该人,如肖像描写。2 两者关系及该人精神特质的议论。

【中间】

▲一种情况:一件事。从开头、发展到结尾,细致叙述和描写。

▲另一种情况:几件事。每件事即每层次前,可以用对该人精神特质的一个因素领起。以对该人的感情体验及整体议论来贯穿几件事。

【结尾】

1 重申特质,照应开头。2 深化感情关系,发出感慨。

抒情散文模一式

【开头】

1 叙述自己与景物的关系。2 议论景物和自己。

【中间】

1 描写景物,分出层次,细致动人。2 联想发挥,更大意义。

【结尾】感慨

(作者:不详)

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篇8:英语书信的常见写作模板

全文共 364 字

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开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

结尾部分:

With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

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篇9:高考英语写作必背句式90个

全文共 14441 字

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一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织,这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式,供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

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篇10:2024雅思作文写作基础知识大全

全文共 1705 字

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1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard .

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology.

4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges.

5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention.

8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/There is no denying that …

9.热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument

12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…

13.就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in …

18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外…be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on …

22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

23.导致,引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation

27.开阔眼界widen ones horizon/ broaden ones vision

28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration

31.从另一个角度from another perspective

32.做出共同努力make joint efforts

33.对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质comprehensive quality

37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach /above (或beyond) reproach

39.致力于/投身于be committed / devoted to…

40.应当承认Admittedly

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篇11:事业单位考试公文写作基础知识

全文共 321 字

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主题是文章的统帅和纲领,是文章的核心;主题源于材料,主题不能先行,必须从实际出发,从材料中引出主题。实用文体主题的表现表式主要有:①直接阐述;②单一集中;③以意役法;④片言居要;⑤善用标题。

文章结构安排的环节主要包括:选择角度;设置线索;安排层次;划分段落;设计开头与结尾;处理过渡和照应等。文章的结构应达到严谨(严密精细,无懈可击)、自然(顺理成章,开阖自如)、完整(匀称饱满,首尾圆合)、统一(和谐一致,通篇一贯,决不相互抵触,自相矛盾)

文章常用的表达方法有叙述、描写、议论、说明,其中议论的方法又可具体分为:①例证法;②喻证法;③类比法;④对比法;⑤反驳法;⑥归谬法。

语言运用的基本要求:合体、得体,准确、顺达,简洁、明快,生动、有力。

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篇12:英语写作高级短语积累

全文共 1963 字

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以下英语短句由语文迷网整理提供,更多英语写作素材请看语文迷作文网。

1. be closely related to…与…息息相关

2. be essential to sb 对某人来说必不可少

3. in a society with more competitions and challenges / in a competitive society

4. feel frustrated (挫折的)/ discouraged

5. a precious (宝贵的) experience

6. raise / arouse the awareness of …

7. acquire knowledge and skills学习知识和技能

8. a growing /increasing tendency

9. have a desire for sth / to do sth

10. put sth into practice

11. be keen on… 热衷于…

12. broaden one’s horizons开阔眼界

13. a large variety of / a wide range of …

14. make one’s dream come true

15. lay a solid/firm/stable foundation for/in…为…/在…方面打下坚实的基础

16. listen to teachers attentively

17. make a practical plan

18. hold the strong belief that…

19. I’m confident / I’m convinced that…

20. with iron will and perseverance

21. pursue one’s dream 追逐梦想

22. arouse one’s passion for…唤起对…的热情

23. resist the temptation of good food

24. change one’s original mind

25. spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做…

26. redouble one’s effort 加倍努力

27. leave a deep impression on sb

28. turn to sb for help / advice

29. relieve/lessen/reduce/ease one’s burden

30. with time going by=as time goes by

31. cherish/treasure/value our lives

32. vary from person to person

33. a boarding school 寄宿制学校

34. What surprised me most was that…

35. cause severe consequences(后果)

36. pay their tuition/school fees/schooling

37. physically and mentally

38. Some in favor of it think that…., while others are against it, holding the opinion that…

39. Success stems from hard work as it can help us accomplish the goal we’re striving for.

40. establish a special fund to help the poor

41. its negative aspect/impact is also obvious.

42. motivate sb to do sth

43. bury oneself into study埋头学习

44. our determination and efforts

45. express my gratitude to her sincerely

46. be strict with sb in sth

47. achieve the final victory

48. encounter/face some difficulties

49. neglect the disadvantages

50. With the great efforts we’ve made, …

51. enhance/improve his ability of singing

52. be optimistic about

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篇13:2024年高考英语写作高分秘籍

全文共 2725 字

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导语:英语作文是最容易拿分,也是最容易丢分的题型。写作上面有什么技巧呢?下面是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的资料,希望能够对您有所帮助。

一:开头

句子的开头方式,不要一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词做状语等。

〔原文〕We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.

〔修正〕Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.

〔原文〕The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.

〔修正〕Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

二:经过

2.在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等。

①强调句

〔原文〕I met him in the street yesterday.

〔修正〕It was in the street that I met him yesterday.

It was yesterday that I met him in the street.

②由with或without引导的短语。如:

He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand.

③分词短语。如:

Satisfied with the result,He decided to go on with a new experiment.

④倒装句。如:

Only in this way can we achieve our goal.

Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.

Not only should we study in the college, but also learn how to be a decent person.

⑤省略句。如:

If so,victory will be ours.

You can make some changes wherever necessary.

3.通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

〔原文〕He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.

〔修正〕He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.

〔原文〕We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

Some told stories. Some played chess.

〔修正〕After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.注意使用不同长度的句子,要结合使用,不能只用短句或只用长句。

4.学会使用过渡词。如:

①递进: then(然后), besides(还有), furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)等。

②转折: however(然而), but(但是), on the contrary (相反), after all(毕竟)等。

③总结: finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之), in conclusion(最后)等。

④强调: indeed(确实), certainly(一定), surely(确定), above all(尤其)等。

⑤对比: in the same way(同样地), just as(正如), on the one hand…on the other hand(一方面……另一方面……)等。

相似的比较: similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,

5.注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增加文采。如:

〔原文〕A new railway is being built in my hometown.

〔修正〕A new railway is under construction in my hometown.

6.避免重复使用某一单词或短语。如:

〔原文〕I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

〔修正〕I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

I like reading while watching television appeals to my brother.

三、 结尾

1、 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that……(比如说到和谐社会 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that we should build our society a harmonious society.)

2、 Therefore, it’s not difficult to draw a conclusion that……

3、 As a result , we should take effective measures to do sth.(我们必须采取一些有效的措施来做些什么)

4、 From what has been discussed above , we may conclude that ……

5、 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

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篇14:写作基础知识:标准论文的格式

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论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。小编收集了标准论文的格式,欢迎阅读。

一、纸型、页面设置、版式和用字。

毕业论文一律用国际标准A4型纸(297mmX210mm)打印。

页面分图文区与白边区两部分,所有的文字、图形、其他符号只能出现在图文区内。白边区的尺寸(页边距)为:天头(上)25mm,地脚(下)20mm,订口(左)25mm,翻口(右)20mm。

文字图形一律从左至右横写横排。文字一律通栏编辑。

使用规范的简化汉字。除非必要,不使用繁体字。忌用异体字、复合字及其他不规范的汉字。

二、论文封面

封面由文头、论文标题、作者、学校、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目组成。

文头:封面顶部居中,占两行。上一行内容为“河南广播电视大学”用小三号宋体;下一行内容为“汉语言文学专业(本科)毕业论文”,3号宋体加粗。文头上下各空一行。

论文标题:2号黑体加粗,文头下居中,上下各空两行。

论文副题:小2号黑体加粗,紧挨正标题下居中,文字前加破折号。

作者、学校(市级电大)、年级、学号、指导教师、答辩组成员、答辩日期、申请学位等项目名称用3号黑体,内容用3号楷体,在正副标题下适当居中左对齐依次排列。占行格式为:

作者:XXX

学校:XXX 年级:XXX 学号:XXX

指导教师:XXX 职称:XXX

答辩组成员:

XXX(主持人) 职称:XXX

XXX 职称:XXX

……

答辩日期:X年X月X日

申请学位:学士(不申请可省略此项)

由于论文副题可有可无,学位可申请可不申请,答辩组成员可以是3、5、7人,封面内容占行具有不确定性,为保持封面的整体美观,可对行距做适当调整。

三、论文

论文由论文目录(提纲)和题目、作者姓名、完成日期、摘要、关键词、正文、注释、参考文献、附录等项目组成。

需要列目录的论文,目录要独占一页。“目录”二字用3号黑体,顶部居中;以下列出论文正文的一、二级标题及参考文献、附录等项及其对应页码。用小4号宋体。

论文题目用3号黑体,顶部居中排列,上下各空一行;

作者姓名:题目下方居中,用四号楷体。

完成时间:作者姓名下方居中,字样为“X年X月”,用四号楷体。

摘要:作者姓名下空一行,左起顶头,写明“摘要”字样加粗,点冒号,接排摘要内容。一般用五号字,字体用楷体。

关键词:摘要下方,左起顶头,写明“关键词”字样加粗,点冒号,接排关键词。词间空一字。字型字体同摘要。

正文:关键词下空一行开始。正文文字一般用5号宋体,每段起首空两格,回行顶格,单倍行距。

正文文中标题:

一级标题。标题序号为“一、”,4号黑体,独占行,末尾不加标点。如果居中,上下各空一行。

二级标题,标题序号为“(一)”,与正文字体字号相同,独占行,末尾不加标点;

三、四、五级序号分别为“1.”、“(1)”和“①”,与正文字体字号相同,一般不独占行,末尾加句号。如果独占行,则不使用标点。每级标题的下一级标题应各自连续编号。

注释:注释采用脚注形式。加注符号以页为单位排序,标在须加注之处最后一个字的右上角后,用带圈或括弧的阿拉伯数字依次标示。同时在本页留出适当行数,用横线与正文分开,左起空两字后写出相应的注号,再写注文。每个注文各占一段,用小5号宋体。建议使用电脑脚注功能。

参考文献:在正文项目后空两行左起顶头用四号黑体写明“参考文献”,另起行空两格用5号宋体编排参考文献内容,每个参考文献都另起行。参考文献的项目见“实施方案”正文。

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篇15:2024考研英语高分作文写作方法

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对于作文这一部分来说,大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律,下面是小编整理的2017考研英语高分作文写作方法,欢迎阅读。

一、了解意图,抓住精髓

近年来的大作文非常玄妙,值得细品。首先,很可能大作文正在经历由时事向哲理过渡的重大变革,这在2001年、2002年、2004年、2007年、2009和2010年真题上表现得最为明显。其次,出题人将尽量用图画来表达意图,而不借助或少借助图中或图旁的文字,这样意义表达的会更深刻,对考生的思考力和判断力的要求也就更高。第三,图画的含义深刻,可以接受的解释也较多,但要想取得高分,必须紧扣图画,把握住其中的精髓,最深刻地表达其核心的意义。

二、扣紧主题

写大作文时切记要扣紧主题,切不可离题太远,导致最后回不来或时间不够写不完。另外,各部分之间的比例应适当,第一段不要太长。与主题相关的关键词语一定要用对,否则会影响分数。

三、看清要求

有的同学一看到写“网络”,就立即联想到这方面最火爆的话题“网络成瘾”,将主题确定为此。有的同学干脆将之转变为自己看到过的文章——“网络的利与弊”。这些都是不正确的做法。写大作文时,首先要减少语言的错误,提高语言的准确性。语言错误有许多种,有的是小错误,甚至可以忽略不计,而有些是大错误,是让老师看到后不得不扣分的错误。另一方面就是增加闪光点,除了结构清晰外,闪光点主要指好的词、词组或句型,一是使用恰当,二是要有变换。上述这两点都不容易,而结合起来就更难了。如果文章分为三段,那么起始段、结尾段和中间段落的开始部分是非常关键的。对于背诵的好词、词组和句型,一定要和具体的行文联系起来,融入到文章中去,不仅要用对,还要用好,避免给人突兀的感觉。

四、避免投机取巧

近年来,有些考生有投机的心理,结果却很惨烈。有的考生准备了万能模板,直接往上套,这样的效果并不好。正如有的较为激进的阅卷老师所说,这些考生是想通过不诚实的手段得到不属于他的东西,这样的人应该得到惩罚。实际上这些考生中有的水平还不错,如果坚持依靠自己,咬紧牙关奋力拼搏的话,结果会是不错的。

综上所述,对于作文这一部分来说,大家应该首先了解不同文章的特点和规律,而后用心地学习范文并进行模仿,然后练习全文写作并请老师批改再细细揣摩。相信通过这样的过程,大家的写作一定会有长足的进步。

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篇16:写作基础:中学作文文体知识

全文共 609 字

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导语:中学生基本要掌握3种文体写作能力,下面小编带来各个文体的写作口诀,希望对大家有所帮助,一起来看看吧!

一、记叙文知识

时间地点和人物,主要人物中心定;(中心:中心思想)

起因经过和结果,记叙要素要分清;

记叙顺序有四种,顺插倒补看事情;(顺插倒补:顺叙、插叙、倒叙、补叙)

第一人称以我写,局外人写三人称;

表达方式有五种,叙议抒描和说明;(叙议抒描:记叙、议论、抒情、描写)

人物描写有四种,肖像动作和言心;(言心:语言描写和心理活动描写)

环境描写记分明,社会自然要分清;

记叙文体多线索,时空物人和感情;(时空物人:时间、空间、事物和人物)

抑扬对比和陪衬,象征手法加拟人。(抑扬:先抑后扬和先扬后抑;手法:写作手法)

二、说明文知识点

给人知识说明文,介绍事物阐事理;

基本要求抓特征,多用方法来表意;(特征:事物的特征;方法:说明方法)

图表数字和举例,诠释分类下定义;(画图表、列数字、举例子、作诠释、分类别)

还有比较和比方,阅读写作要注意;(作比较、打比方)

说明顺序只三种,时间空间和逻辑;

说明语言要准确,简洁平实求浅易;

总分并列和递进,说明结构细分析。(总分:包括总分关系、总分总关系和分总关系)

三、议论文知识点

表明观点和主张,以理服人议论文;

观点态度要鲜明,论据一定要充分;

例证引证和喻证,对比论证要分明;(四种论证方法)

提出问题是引证,分析问题即本论;

解决问题是结论,议论结构须分清;

议论语言要准确,更是要求严密性。

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篇17:2024年关于英语写作经典句型

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1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

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篇18:大学英语四级写作方法

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Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时,仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s,读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注:被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

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篇19:写作基础:怎么样写好作文

全文共 1534 字

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想要写好作文就需要多下功夫,多积累,下面是小编为大家介绍的关于怎么写好作文的方法介绍!

1、审题。审题就是分析文章的题目,弄清题目的意思。审题包括三方面内容(1)找出重点词,有些题目,有一个关键词,也叫“题眼”,题眼就是写作的重点。如《一件难忘的事》中的“难忘”之类。(2)搞清写作的范围和要求,即时间、地点、人称、数量、内容等限制范围。(3)弄明白是写人的,是记事的,还是状物、写景的。

2、确定中心。记叙文总要表达一个思想,说明一个道理或表现某一方面的思想感情,这就是文章的中心。文章的中心要正确,对社会上正确的现象加以歌颂,错误的现象给予批评。中心正确,健康是文章的根本,对此必须首先要注意。中心还要求集中,一篇文章一般只能有一个中心,各方面内容都要紧紧围绕中心写。

3、选择材料。作文的内容就是材料。写作文要紧扣中心选择材料,与中心关系不大的或无关的,要少选或不选。所选的材料还要真实、具体,真实就是不凭空编造,不夸大也不缩小。同时,还要注意材料的新颖、典型,不落俗套,要能够清楚地反映人或事的特点。

4、安排结构。所谓安排文章的结构,指的是文章的材料的组织安排。如先写什么,再写什么,最后写什么,以及怎样开头,结尾,过渡等。文章的材料,常用以下这些方法安排:(1)按事情发展的顺序;(2)按时间顺序;(3)按空间的顺序;(4)按事物的几个方面。

5、列提纲。提纲,是结文章的总体设计,具体包括:(1)文章的题目;(2)中心思想;(3)写作的顺序;(4)详写,略写的提示。提纲不能太详细,也不能太简单。

6、文章的开头和结尾、过渡和照应。常见的开头有:(1)开门见山,直入正题;(2)概括全文,揭示中心;(3)提出问题,引起注意;(4)环境描写,渲染气氛;(5)说明情况,介绍背景;(6)先说结果,倒叙开头。结尾的方法有:(1)自然方式结尾;(2)总结式结尾;(3)含蓄式结尾;(4)启发式结尾。文章的过渡,应力求自然。照应,指的是文章中前后内容的关照呼应。最常见的是文章的首尾照应。

写事的文章要注意以下几点:

1、要把事情发生的时间、地点、人物,事情的起因、经过、结果交代清楚;

2、一般可以按事情的发展顺序写,写清楚事情的来龙去脉,前因后果;

3、要突出重点,不要平铺直叙,重点的场面或过程要详写,写具体;

4、环境描写对反映文章的中心很有作用,所以在叙事时,有时也要注意写清楚环境。

写人文章应请注意以下几点:

1、要抓住人物的特点写,并把人物所做的事具体地写出来,用最能反映人物精神风貌的典型事例去刻画人物;

2、注意写好人物的外貌(包括容貌、衣着、神情等),语言,动作,特别是能反映人物特点的语言和行动,更要准确、细致的描写;

3、心理活动是指一个人的思想活动。恰当的心理、活动,可以更好地表现人物的思想品质,突出中心思想;

4、如果是通过几件事写人的,可以采用详写一件事,略写另几件事的写法,几件事需并列写的,则可按时间先后顺序来写。

写景、状物的文章要注意以下几点:

1、要抓住景和物的特征写。所谓特征就是同其他物体有区别的地方,抓住特征描写,才能给读者留下深刻的印象;

2、写景、状物要言之有序,如从上到下,从左到右,从外到内,从中间到两边等。不能一下子说这,一下子说那,东拉西扯,没有顺序;

3、写景、状物过程中要进行合理的联想,抒发自己的真情实感,还要恰当运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法,把描写的景物写生动,写形象;

4、状物要描写物体的大小,形状,颜色,质地,做到写什么,像什么。

写活动的文章要注意以下几点:

写活动一般是命题作文。

1、可以按活动的过程写,但也可先写结果,再写活动过程,总之要有顺序;

2、要突出重点,有详有略,特别要注意把活动的过程写清楚;

3、注意写好活动中人物的感受。

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篇20:大学英语作文谚语写作素材

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1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.

2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing.

3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.

4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow make an early start.

5.不眠之夜 whe night

6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses

7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best

8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.

9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul

10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new

11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all

12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener

13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace

14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little

15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.

16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more

17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.

18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.

19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.

20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones

21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect.

22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.

23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth

24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence

25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green

26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché

27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.

28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.

29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success

30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth

31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened

32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.

34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.

35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself

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