初中英语写作常用句型（20篇）

导语：要学好写英语短文，就必须经常练习写作。记日记是提高书面表达能力的有效方法之一。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文指导，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、日记的格式

英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。

1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：

A)September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept. 1，2004或Sept. 1st，2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)

B)只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)

C)只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)

以上的1或1st都应读作the first.

2、星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：

Saturday，October 22nd，2004;October 22nd，2004 Saturday

3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：

Saturday，March 4，2004，Windy;1st January，2004，Fine

二、日记的要求

日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句，以防繁杂，造成语法、句型错误。

三、日记的类型和训练

日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中，可按以下步骤进行：

①将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来，不附加任何感情色彩，这是最简单的记日记的方法;

②阅读别人的日记，并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。

「范文与点评」

March 12th，2003，Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7∶30 in the morning，all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard，and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired，we still felt very happy.

这是一篇记叙型的日记。结构严谨，中心突出，有选择地记录当天的见闻(人或事)，并加以分析和评论。

第一次作文训练

训练内容：

合理交代记叙的要素

训练目标：

1、全面掌握记叙的六个要素

2、学会交代记叙要素的基本方法

3、初步学会写人记事的方法

训练重点：

1、 全面掌握记叙的六个要素

2、 初步学会写人记事的方法

训练难点：

怎样掌握写人记事的方法

训练时数：三课时

第一课时

教学内容：

作文指导

教学步骤：

一、知识讲解：

(一)什么是记叙的要素

记叙文就是以记叙为主要表达方式的记人叙事的文章。一篇完整的记叙文一般应包括时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果这“六要素”。

那么为何称之为“要素”?

我们知道，记叙文主要是记人叙事的，这“人”和“事”自然包括在要素中，而这“人”和“事”又必须是特定时间、特定地点的“人”和“事”。如英雄刘胡兰是革命战争年代在山西从事革命工作的女共产党员;铁人王进喜是新中国成立不久奋战在大庆油田的劳模。没有时间、地点，也就无法记人与叙事。很显然，时间、地点是记叙文不可缺少的要素。要写人必定要写事，让人物在事件中凸现，在事件中丰满;写事件就必须交待清楚事件发生的原因和结果，没有原因和结果，人们就不知道它的来龙去脉，也就不是一篇完整的记叙文，显然，原因与结果也是记叙的要素。

(二)怎样合理地交待时间与地点

交待时间与地点，大致有以下几种方式：

1.开头交待。

这是人们叙述时时常采用的方法。例如，《竞选》的开头：

五月的天气有点阴。

龟峰乡石坳村的村民选举即将开始，321位选民端坐在会场上。

开头把竞选的时间、地点交待清楚了，为下面叙述竟选场面作了必要的交待。

2.连续交待。

有的记叙文，因事件的发生、发展时间跨度大，地点在不断转移，需要连续交待。如《驿路梨花》中的几处交待：

(1)一弯新月升起来了，我们借助淡淡的月光，在忽明忽暗的梨花林里走着。山间的夜风吹得人脸上凉凉的，梨花的白色花瓣轻轻飘落在我们身上。

(2)第二天早上，我们没有立即上路。老人也没有离开，我们决定把小茅屋修葺一下，给屋顶加点草，把房前屋后的排水沟再挖深一些。

(3)接着，小姑娘向我们讲述了房子的来历。十多年前，有一队解放军路过这里，在树林里过夜，半夜淋了大雨。他们说，这里要有一间给过路人避风雨的小屋就好了，第二天早晨就砍树割草盖起了房子。

(1)段交待的时间是夜晚，地点是梨树林;(2)段交待的时间是第二天早上，地点是(梨树林)茅屋旁;(3)段是补充交待，时间是十多年前，地点是树林。这样连续交待，所叙述的事情就显得脉络分明。

3.间接交待。

对于时间和地点的表示，不一定直接写某年某月某日，某省某市某区，如“桃花开了”“枫叶红了”“天空出现鱼肚白”“几颗寒星还在泛着冷光”，它们分别间接表示“春天”“秋天”“早晨”“夜晚”等时间概念，还有如“雪域高原”“春城”“板栗之乡”，分别间接表达了“西藏”“昆明”“罗田”等地点概念。

(三)怎样合理交待人物与事件

1.人物的正面描写与侧面描写。

(1)正面描写。外貌(肖像)、行动、语言、心理描写属正面描写。

A外貌描写。《背影》为例。

My favourite great book is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain.

Tom Sawyer is a lively and clever boy. He lives with his aunt Polly. His

aunt is strict with him, so he runs to an island in the middle of the

Mississippi River with two friends, Huck and Joe. With Huck, he goes looking for

treasure; with Becky, he gets lost in a cave. And finally Tom and Huck find a

box of gold. Tom is the hero of the story, but there are other important

characters. Becky is pretty with fair hair. Huck is Toms best friend, and Injun

Joe is the bad man of the story.

The theme of the story is to do with children growing up and becoming more

serious.

英语字母教学作为英语学习的基础，是小学英语教学中重要一环，这一阶段的教学，教师应给予足够的重视，通过各种教学组织形式使这一阶段的学习得以很好的落实。学好26个字母对以后单词的学习起着至关重要的作用。因此，在学习字母阶段，我们要利用一切可利用的资源，创设情境，让学生和字母交朋友、做游戏。

一、字母读音教学

1. 注重示范发音的正确性

字母发音直接影响着学生单词的发音，而且学生错误的发音一旦形成就很难再纠正。因此教师在教学字母之前一定要多听录音，纠正好自己的发音。在课堂教学中教师要让学生听磁带跟读，观察他们的口形，并鼓励模仿得好的学生示范领读，帮助其他同学纠正发音。

2. 把握学生的发音难点

受各地方方言的影响，学生对字母的发音往往会出错。比如：南方人容易把A读成/e/。因此，教师要把握好学生方言发音难点，预先采取各种教学方法防止错误发音的出现。

3. 强化个别字母教学

尽管许多学生对字母有了一定程度的掌握，但大多数学生都没有进行过系统的字母学习，中间难免存在着许多似是而非的现象。例如学生对GgJj两个字母的读音容易混淆，对Uu和Ii这两个字母的发音不到位。教师在教学中应针对这种情况加强这几个字母的训练。

4. 注重读音归类教学

把字母按读音进行分类是字母读音教学的一个重要任务，也是学生觉得有一定难度的一项内容。为了使学生能更好得掌握，教师可采用分家游戏的方法，按家族将26个字母进行分类记忆。首先将字母划分为七个家族，再对号入座，最终编成一首音素家族chant 帮助学生记忆：

A、H、J、K 是A 家族，A，A是族长。

E的家族有八位，BCDE，GPTV，E，E是族长。

/e/ 的家族没有族长，它的成员有七位，FLMN，SX 和Z。

U 的家族有三位，UQW，U，U是族长。

I 的家族有两位，IY，I，I是族长。(手势指着自己)

R 和O单独住，它们自己是族长。

5. 注重语音暗线的铺垫

在三年级下册学生用书中，字母读音和字母例词的安排是一条语音暗线，教师教学时要努力让学生掌握字母的正确读音，并初步感知字母在例词中的读音，为以后学习语音奠定基础。比如讲到字母Ee时，例词是egg，elepghant，教师可突出字母E的发音。英语有48个国际音标，如果学生能在学习 26个字母的同时掌握与此相关的26个音素，将会为以后的语音学习打好基础。

二、字母书写教学

字母的书写过程要一步步进行：先观察性状，再观察笔顺、占格情况，然后书空，使用活动手册进行描红，最后达到仿写。

1. 字母认读的教学

字母的书写首先要求学生能正确区分一些形近的字母。有些字母可以通过猜谜的方法让学生记住它们的形状特点。例如：弯弯的月牙(C)、一条小蛇 (S)、三叉路口(T)、1加3(B)、一座宝塔(A)、胜利的象征(V)、大号鱼钩(J)、一张弓(D)、一扇小门(n)、一棵小苗(r)、一把椅子 (h)。这些谜语既能让学生记住字母的形，又能激发学生的学习兴趣。同时，还可以让学生自编谜语学习字母，充分发挥学生的想象能力。另外，还可以将字母的一部份遮住，让学生根据漏出来部分来猜字母。

2. 字母书写的教学

字母的书写是小学生的一个薄弱环节。小学的英语书写一定要求学生做到严格遵照书写规范，教师绝对不能马虎。因为英语字母有印刷体和书写体之分，所以容易使学生在书写时发生混淆，教师在教学时应多在这方面进行强调。

(1)笔顺教学

教师要充分利用多媒体设施让学生仔细观察字母的笔画和笔顺。正确的笔顺在活动手册的描红练习中有正确的示范。但有时学生会受到汉语拼音笔顺的影响，错误书写字母，因此教师要对容易出错的笔顺进行比较细致的指导。如i和j都是后加点，t先写钩，H先两竖等。建议教师不妨采用汉语拼音的教法，使用一些形象的比喻，帮助学生理解记忆书写规则，防止笔画出错。比如：H是一双筷子拴根线，j是海豹顶皮球，i是小海狮头上顶个球，t是伞把带开关等。

(2)格式教学

字母的占格同样是字母书写教学中的一个教学难点，尤其是当字母的大小写混在一起的时候，学生很容易混淆。这样，教师要先清楚示范，提醒学生注意并总结字母占格的规律。同时，教师还可以借助儿歌帮助学生掌握字母的占格规律。如：英语书写，四线三格，大写字母一二格，上不顶线是原则;小写字母认准格，上面有 ‘辫’一二格，下面有‘尾’二三格，无‘辫’无‘尾’中间格;i，t中上一格半。在学生掌握了字母的占格规律后，还要通过活动手册上的描红来加强练习。这里要注意的是，到一定阶段的时候，教师要让学生能在没有四线格的一条线上，甚至是没有任何线的白纸上也能正确地表示出字母的书写格式。

三、操练

字母操练我们还可以采用游戏的形式。

1. What’s missing?游戏

学了几个字母以后，把字母卡片放在一起让学生认读，然后抽去其中的一张，让学生寻找：What’s missing?此时，学生注意力高度集中，急于表现自己，识记的效果就会很好。

2. 左邻右舍游戏

学生准备好已经学过的字母卡片，教师出示一个字母，让学生找出它的左邻右舍，请找到的几个学生快速把字母拿到讲台上站在相应的位置上，其余的学生一起认读这几个字母。

3. Make letters游戏

让学生用肢体动作表示不同的字母，或让学生用火柴棒拼出不同字母的形状。

A few days ago, the movie Red Sea Operation was very hot and people were

very impressive about the policemen, who saved the citizens lives in a very

urgent situation, some even sacrificed their lives as the price. We live in a

peaceful country. This is because policemen protect us all the time, and they

are the great persons. March 14th is the policemens day, people make this day

for them and show respect. They deserve the publics praise. They sacrifice so

much, such as the time to accompany their families. Many childrens future dream

is to be a policeman, as this career brings the public hope and future.

1. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

2. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …

我无法完全同意这一观点……

3. Personally, I am standing on the side of …

就个人而言,我站在……的一边。

4. I sincerely believe that …

我真诚地相信……

5. In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do ….

在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

6. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

最后，坦白说，也有一个更实际的理由......

I think I will be a teacher in the future,because I like to stay with children.

、Ill live in shanghai because I went toshanghai last summer and fell in love with it. I think its really a beautiful city.As a teacher, I’ll try my best to teach my students well and tell them how tobe a useful person.

In my free time, I’ll listen to music, pop songs and goshopping with my friends, Sometimes Ill keep pets-maybe a colorful bird. Itmakes me happy. During the summer holiday, I’ll go to Italy on vacation.

I hearthat its a great place to have fun.

我觉得将来我会成为一名教师，因为我喜欢和孩子们待在一起。我会住在上海，因为我去年夏天去上海的时候就爱上了它。我真的觉得那是一个美丽的城市。作为一名老师，我会尽力教好我的学生并告诉他们如何做一个有用的人。在我的空闲时间，我会听音乐，流行歌曲，和我的朋友去购物，有时候我会养宠物，也许会是一只色彩鲜艳的鸟。它能让我开心。暑假的时候我会去意大利度假。我听说那里是去玩的好地方。

[初中英语作文：我的未来

Since we were born as a little baby, we get help from others all the time. Our parents raise us, our teachers teach us and our friends company us. Therefore, it’s important for us to be grateful to those people who give us a hand. Being grateful is a way to show them our appreciation and our love. No one in the world is supposed to love us without any conditions. Moreover, Being grateful to others and to what you get can lead you are ready to help others, too. I think this is the most important impact on people that being grateful. If we are all show our appreciation to others and then help others, we could build a friendly and harmonious society.

I remember in the fifth grade, in a winter vacation, because my outstanding achievements, my father in order to reward me, gave me a fluffy puppy.

The puppy is clean, but the temper has some strange, always have a person around it all the time to accompany it to play, take care of it.

Once again, because of the festivals, we would like to go out shopping, when we happily with a photo back, I saw the neighbors whispered to me, said: "You are really, put a puppy on "Oh, Im sorry, noisy to you, please forgive me." The gas disappeared. I just breathed a sigh of relief, entered the house, the dog will be like a gust of wind generally rushed over to me, but also kept licking my hand. "I do not appreciate it! I point it with his head and said:" You bad things that harm us scolded. "At that time it seems to understand my words, suddenly behaved like a small sheep, like a few times from time to time, as if to say:" I just want you to accompany me! See it look like that, I suddenly Played an unnamed compassion, then in the heart to forgive it.

If it is not hygienic, it is true that is right, do not know how the matter, this dog is very nasty bath, but it is smart puppy, so in the bath, it will be the first match, And then secretly put the claws out of the basin, and then people do not pay attention when the "wind" of the sound will be able to escape the lightning in its view is desperate brazier small tub.

This puppy is also very much like to play, if you have shopping, then do not take it out, because if you take it out, I am afraid it is not going to go home at night, because it just can not stop playing, unless Until it is hungry or dark, otherwise you do not want to go home.

How about it, this is my family that a strange quirky puppy.

初一的第一节英语课，门口进来一位中等个子，长头发的女青年。上下一打量，20岁左右，个头小于等于1米6。这大概就是我们的英语老师吧!此人发话了：“丑话说在前面，我脾气不好!”一句话着实把我们全班都镇住了。第一印象：凶!

可是时间久了却发现，实际上并不是她自己说的那样，也不是我们以为的那样。

她教英语，时不时地用上几句“现代用语”。虽然平常我们也经常说，但是从一个老师嘴里说出来，难免会有些稀奇，距离感一下子就消失了，亲切感一下子就增进了!比如她反复要强调的东西，她会说：“都强调了10遍了”，这还没什么，到后来演变成100遍、N遍;最后递进到N+1遍。她给我们的第一印象便彻底被抹杀掉了。

上晚自习的时候，她会给我们自由，写作业、看书都行，不像数学老师一进来就讲题，语文老师抱着书就要听写。她每次都会读一些连语文老师都不会读的哲理的、感人的文章，有时还会读笑话，即使是不好笑的，她自己也会乐成一团。

有一次英语晚自习，打了铃之后班里仍是像炸了锅一样热闹，吵架的、打架的、嬉笑的、K歌的，应有尽有，无所不有。我正奇怪英语老师为什么还没来，此人就出现在教室门口了。班里顿时鸦雀无声。一同来的，还有班主任。班主任留下了“站一晚上”的“圣旨”后扬长而去。我们在下面悔得肠子都青了，同时也深感不服。这就是自讨苦吃吧，我想。

正想着，忽然发现英语老师也站在讲台上。过了一会儿，她说：“其实今天的事我也有责任。我来晚了。可是大家真的很乱，从四个班走过来，最乱的就是咱们班了……我也陪你们站，大家谁都别坐了，好吗?”她严肃的表情上找不到任何的虚伪，我们都为之感动，就差鼓掌了。结果那个晚上，她真的一边站着一边看书，根本没坐下过。我们谁也没好意思偷懒，就凭她那晚的那番话和行为，我们愿意站十个晚上来奉还。

教过我的英语老师甚至是所有老师中，她的确是教得最好且最能拉近与学生之间距离的一个。翻开我们的英语作业本，你会发现，每个人的本上每天都会有一个大大的英文：加油!

Nowadays, with the development of technology, the market competition is

fierce and people feel great pressure. In order to improve the working

efficiency, they force themselves to work overtime. However, they are not

machine and need to slow down life pace, or they will break down sooner or

later.

We cant slow down the working hour, but we can control our private time. A

lot of young people mix with working time and private time, so they cant enjoy

their life and feel depressed all the time. The smart person will find the

balance. They will put aside the working stuff when the clock tells them that it

is time to be off work and find the way to release their pressure, such as

KTV.

Spending the time with friends and families is always a good way to enjoy

our time. No matter what kind of difficulties we face, when we recall of these

happy moments, we will have motivation to move on. We cant choose everything we

want, but we can adjust ourselves to the environment and keep the good mood.

Once life pace slows down, we control our life.

【导语】英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。提高中考写作水平，需要有效的训练。下面关于英语作文的写作方法，一起来阅读下文吧!

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

Today was Sunday and I was very happy!In the morning,I stayed at home to do my homework and watch TV.In the afternoon,I went to a park with my best friends.There were many flowers, and some birds were singing songs.We played games and talked about our dreams.At last,we went home for dinner.Today, I had a great time!

We are always educated to be kind and helpful, so when we see others in

trouble, we should give them a hand. But nowadays, some the bad guys make use of

people’s kindness to do criminal things. Recently, an article about a father

called on people to help her sick daughter was widespread in Wechat. Most people

had transported to let more people know. But later the media exposed the fact

that the father was rich and he wrote this article just to catch more fans.

Until then people were angry as they were cheated. The public condemns the

cheating behavior. The warm hearts should not be used of. It needs to be

cautious when people see the information about asking for help.

First of all,I need to greatly improve my English in this semaster,for I’m already in Junior 2 now,and there’s no time to waste.

I’m really not good at English,and I think there’s a long road ahead of me.I am thinking about taking a TOEFL course on weekends to prepare for entering college.Besides,I need to learn something from my life,for example,I can read some kind of English books,watch some Enghlish movies etc.

On another hand,I wanna improve my spoken English,cuz its a kind of language which is used to communicate with others,but not just a subject that can prove I am a good student.My plan for the future is to study abroad,so the skill of spoken Enlish is really important to me.

一、四级作文概述

四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。

二、四级作文例题分析

(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺

2. 为什么会出现这种情况

3. 该如何解决

96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。

(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students

1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职

2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一

3.我的看法

这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。

(3)Private Cars of Today

1.目前私家车越来多了

2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题

这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。

1、审题：审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。

2、进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

3、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

1、确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题、不跑题。

2、要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3、用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考：

1、在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加文章的可读性。

2、使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3、改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或用分词等。

4、学会使用过渡词。递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc ;转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc ;总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc ;强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc ;对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc。

5、确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。时态要尽量保持一致。

检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确;层次清楚，条理清晰;表达

The autumn is coming, and the rice in the field is golden and sprinkled with a layer of gold. Flower beds in the chrysanthemum opened, chrysanthemums started a golden yellow, smiling smile, really lovable. The fruit of the orchard is fragrant and fragrant. People in the orchard to help pick the fruit! The leaves become old, the leaves were forced to leave the tree mothers side. Leaves dancing in the air, beautiful posture, like a dancer.

The air in the morning is very fresh. I opened the window, enjoy the fragrance of the morning, but also enjoy the people particularly like the smell, that is, fruit and fruit fragrance. Grass greedily admire the crystal dew, I revel in this autumn to send cool. Fruit and charming autumn scenery, I began to like the autumn girl, the autumn girl sprinkled the life on the rice, sprinkled in every corner of the world ... ...

Suddenly, the wind, the lightning cross, I have expected to be the next heavy rain. Rumbling, mine that possession of a long drum, heavy knocking up. The wind blows hard. Bored for a long time the rain finally fell under. Rain "crashed crashed" underground, as a child was criticized by their parents, tears can not help but flow down.

The spider is afraid to hide in the leaves, the geese insist for their own dreams, braving the rain, flying in the air ... ...

The rain was still falling from the sky, and the house was surrounded by rain. From the window, the window seemed to be surrounded by a layer of gauze, and I looked like a waterfall.

After a while, the rain was getting smaller. From the window looked, and a new look, misty rain, like a needle like, I am good to observe, the rain stopped, the field was restored calm, the streets painted a long river. Open the window to see, like in the sea, the air is particularly fresh, the spider hanging from the tree. A rainbow hanging in the sky, that scenery do not mention the United States.

I like the fall, prefer the rain of autumn.

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

LastSaturday, my parents and I went to visit my grandma. My grandma was glad aboutour coming, so she had already prepared a lot of fresh fruits and deliciousdishes. We had a happy time at the table.

上周六，我和父母一起去看望我奶奶。对于我们的到来，我奶奶很高兴，所以她准备了很多新鲜的水果和美味的菜肴。我们吃饭的时候过得很开心。

Inthe afternoon, we climbed Daming Mountain. The scenery there was so beautiful.Then we had dinner in a restaurant. After dinner, we went to see a film. Howinteresting it was to see a film in the open air! Everyone was so cheerful thatlaughed so happily.

下午的时候我们去爬大明山。那里的风景太美了。之后我们在一家餐馆吃晚饭。晚饭后，我们去看了一场电影。在户外看电影是多么有趣啊！每个人都非常高兴，都笑得那么的开心。

Whata wonderful weekend I had. I would remember it forever.

这是一个多么美好的一个周末。我会永远记住的。

[初中英语作文：美国之旅

celeberate the 55th national day chinese people will welcome the 55th national day two days later,october 1th.

in beijing,the tiananmen square is decorated by more than 300,000 pots of flowers,the chairman maos old icon is changed by a new one hanging on the tiananmen building.

in nanjing,sweet-scented osmanthus festival,misty rain culture festival in mochou lake,barbecue festival in gulin park will be held during the national day.

in chongqing,more than 2,000 of lights on bridge are renewed to welcome the national day.

during the national day period,raising the national falg ceremony,a concert of national music and an exhibition of patriotic films will be held in hangzhou,zhejing province.

happy national day!