初中英语写作常用句型【经典20篇】

Scarlett ， a very personality figures ，the two mans she love ，neither does she know about.To her， I was pelled to admire， admire duhougan. her strong and brave， admire her to lay down in the environment， farm workers previously suffered education， admire her to disregard the munity to create their own expression of the cause .She is in the whole story， all a person full of fighting will full of vitality . I appreciated most ， it is this " Tomorrow is another day of hers. " . Promising forever， full of fighting will ， will never give up， never desperate. I think Im moved by her.So， whenever I meet difficulty， the mood is not good， I will tell oneself : " Tomorrow is another day. " Gone with the Wind is absolutely a good book that is worth sampling repeatedly， the characters are graceful ， the plot rises and falls， exciting boldly and unconstrainedly， though the subjective factor because of the author among them ， the appraisal on U.S.A.s Civil War is not objective and overall， but as to angle of literature， this one fine piece of writing generation definitely absolutely， worth visiting.建宁二年

1. From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.

在我看来，支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理。

2. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …

我无法完全同意这一观点……

3. Personally, I am standing on the side of …

就个人而言,我站在……的一边。

4. I sincerely believe that …

我真诚地相信……

5. In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do ….

在我个人看来，做……比做……更明智。

6. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

最后，坦白说，也有一个更实际的理由......

Today, I saw a very delIcIous strawberry In Taobao network. My fIrst tIme wIth my own favourIte people to share. He lIkes It very much, but he has not eaten thIs kInd of strawberry. The flavor of the strawberry Is mIlk. He felt very strange. So he wanted to try the strawberry. And the prIce Is not expensIve, there are 5 yuan of red packet. I thInk It Is worth It. So , I am goIng to buy hIm a box of strawberrIes . A total of 5 pounds of strawberrIes . I thInk he must be very happy when he receIved It ! WIll feel very happy , very pleasant surprIse ! I thInk , to spend a lIttle money to gIve theIr favorIte people a surprIse, thIs Is a very good thIng. However, strawberrIes must be fInIshed as soon as possIble. 5 pounds of strawberrIes a total of about 100 , to see the sIze of strawberry and Its weIght. Strawberry Is a perIshable food, so It must be put In the refrIgerator. But In the refrIgerator can not be stored for a long tIme.

译文：今天，我在淘宝网看到很美味的草莓。我第一时间跟我自己最爱的人分享了。他很喜欢。可是他没有吃过这种草莓。这种草莓的味道是牛奶味的。他觉得这很奇怪。所以他想尝尝这种草莓。而且价格也不昂贵，还有5元的红包。我觉得很值得。所以，我打算给他买一箱的草莓。一共是5斤的草莓。我想他收到的时候一定会很开心吧。一定会感觉到很幸福，很惊喜吧！我觉得，花费一点点的钱就可以给自己最爱的人一个惊喜，这是很美好的事情。不过，草莓一定要尽快的吃完。5斤的草莓一共是100个左右，要看草莓的大小和它的重量。草莓是易腐蚀的食品，所以要放进冰箱里。但是在冰箱里的草莓也不能保存很长一段时间。

[初中英语作文之草莓

No matter the day is how to spend endless， the sun always rises and falls，

flowers always bloom and wither， around heavy traffic is always fleeting， stand

at the time of the tail， we kept after the mist as ignorant of the future.

Too many people always sigh the cruelty of time and the helpless of growing

up。 In fact， growth is really a caterpillar into a butterfly process， always

undergo a metamorphosis of pain， you can better meet the chocolate as unknown

world。 All that let go or no one saw tears in a few years back， you can get

unexpected! The road of the future， whether rugged or smooth， requires you to go

and taste it alone.

Eileen Chang wrote an article about "road"， referring to the way of growth。

This road is a road that everyone must take。 Those who pass by advise the people

who are going this way not to choose the road， because it is so rough and long

that it is refuted： "since you can walk this way， how can I not go out?"。" Thus，

one after another people go through this road full of hardships， perhaps this is

the true meaning of growth。 Knowing that he might fall into it， he obstinately

persisted in his choice.

I think that the child will never grow up Peter Pam， who said he had no

regrets can not grow， we are always sad to miss the past endlessly all say

"dont grow up， never grow up， if you really can not grow up， you really dont

care? Every time there is a time of happiness。 In any case， we will grow up as

time goes by from the palm of the palm.

Growing up is like a mysterious fruit。 Some people resist it hysterically，

and some people cant wait to taste it。 But only when we grow up can we get more

and better world.

Summer vacation, this is a the students expect long-lost happy time, simply can and play, no more unpleasant sound alarm clock in the morning... But we looked at those high expectations, a less-pressured treasure mom, has arranged everything for us: early in the morning to go to remedial class, noon to classes every day and every day go to remedial classes in the afternoon. I every day in ask him, who invented the remedial class! Deprived of the time I watch TV, if let me know who it is, I will regard that man as my enemy.

暑假，本是一个们期望己久的时光，可以痛痛快快地玩了，早上再也没有了令人讨厌的闹钟声…可是我们那些望子成龙，望女成凤的宝妈们，却早早为我们安排好了一切﹕每天早上去辅导班，每天中午去辅导班，每天下午去辅导班。我每天在问天问地，到底是谁发明了辅导班!剥夺了我看电视的，如果让我知道是谁，我要把那个人视为我的仇人。

Another new term comes again,so i should have a study plan to promot myself.

firstly ,i descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay more attention to the knowledge which i didn t know it clearly.

secondly,i will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge.and try to combine thoery to practice.

Finally,i will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

That s what i plant to do in a new term.

[初中英语作文：the plan for the new term 新学期的打算

My family has a naughty puppy.

The dog with a golden hair, a pair of round yo eyes, a pair of ears vigilant listening to all the suspicious sound around. The puppy is also long with a pair of sharp claws, the tail erected tall, it is very arrogant. Puppies are also very ferocious, as long as a little to hear what or see what will be issued a "warning", do "fight" ready.

My dog is not only naughty, but also very rich sense of music.

One day, I am free to do nothing, they put the music. Who knows, the dog heard, the bones are not eating, and immediately came to the tape recorder. I guess, maybe the puppy found that the music came from the tape recorder! The dog in the recorder next to the squat, while listening to music, while the rhythm of the music with the tail to shake over the past, really like a small music Home in command of the band ...

The puppy is particularly fond of biscuits. I take this opportunity to catch the puppy as a fish. I first took out a slender bamboo, and then with a line in the other end of the bamboo, and then a piece of milk pull flowers biscuits tied to the other end of the rope, made a "fishing rod." I walked past the biscuits, and made the puppy dazzled, I suddenly stopped shaking, the biscuits hanging in front of the dog, the dog immediately soared to the biscuits, I went to the dog behind the biscuits, Let it rush empty. So it lasted for several minutes. Puppy pretend to "retreat", I immediately relaxed vigilance, who knows the dog quickly turned to bite biscuits, thanks to my reaction fast, puppy biting line. I would like to pull back the line, then hard pull, but I am more energetic, the dog pulled the more tight, I thought: it seems not storm, can only take. I stopped the "attack", the dog thought I surrendered, they are kindly ready to enjoy the biscuits, I take advantage of this opportunity, forced a pull, the biscuits back to my hands ... ...

This is my home naughty puppy, do you like it?

Dear Wang Han（亲爱的王涵）

My school life is interesting（我的校园生活很有趣）.We have many subjects to learn（我有许多科目要学习）.My favourite subject is English（我最喜欢的科目是英语）.Because my English teacher（以为我的英语老师）,Miss White（怀特小姐）,is kind to me（对我是慈祥的）.I don’t like math（我不喜欢数学）.I think it’s a little difficult（我认为它有一点困难）.

After school（放学后）,I like playing basketball reading books（我喜欢打篮球和读书）.Sometimes（有时）,my classmates and I play games on the playground（我的同学和我一起在操场上玩游戏）.I’m happy at school（我在学校非常开心）.I love my school life（我爱我的校园生活）.

Yours,

Lucy.

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

When I was three years old, my mother hired a tutor to teach me piano. It is such a classic story that every parent wants their daughter to be an elegant lady. So playing piano is the best way to show elegance. But maybe I was not talented in playing piano, I showed less interest and finally, my mother had given up her piano dream. Now I am very interested in painting, I will paint many pictures when I am free. My teacher spoke highly of me when she took a look at my works. My mother has realized that I found my talent and she felt happy for me.

我三岁的时候,我妈妈请了一位家庭教师来教我弹钢琴。这是如此经典的故事,每个父母都希望他们的女儿成为一名优雅的淑女。弹钢琴是最好的方式来显示优雅。但也许我在弹钢琴方面没有什么天赋,我不怎么感兴趣,最后,我母亲已经放弃了她的钢琴梦想。现在我对绘画非常感兴趣,我有空了就会画很多图片。我的老师高度评价了我，当她看了看我的作品。我妈妈意识到我发现自己的天赋，她为我感到高兴。

[我的钢琴梦初中英语作文

According to the report that most children in the family don’t have to the housework, because their parents have done all the work for them. When students go to middle school, it means they are not the little girls and little boys anymore, they have grown up and it is time for them to learn to be independent. Doing the housework and reducing the parents’ burden help the children to be mature, what’s more, the parents should not overprotect their kids all the time, they can give some jobs to the children and lead them to be independent. Doing the housework is not a big deal, but it is the attitude to life.

据报道,大多数孩子在家里不用做家务,因为他们的父母为他们做了所有的工作。当学生进入中学,这意味着他们不是小女孩和小男孩,他们已经长大了,是时候让他们学会独立。做家务和减少父母的负担帮助孩子成熟,更重要的是,父母不应该过度保护他们的孩子,他们可以给孩子们一些工作,让他们独立。做家务不是一个大问题,但它是一种对生活的态度。

【论文摘要】在高考英语试题中，写作是有效提高学生整体成绩的重要手段，写作是目的也是为了测试学生直接运用英语表达的能力而设置的，因此通常都会放在试卷的最后面作为压轴题出现。在高考英语写作要求中，明确提出要让考生运用所学知识进行书写，能组词成句、组句成文，语句符合英语语法和习惯。在写出的书面材料中，要求达到：切中题意，文理通顺，语言准确，得当。那么，怎样才能在高考英语写作中出类拔萃呢？这正是本文要探讨的内容。

一、有的放矢，了解高考英语写作要点

要对高考英语写作的题型及内容有所了解，才能把握好高考英语写作的考点，在此基础上才能找到行之有效的对策及方法。纵观近几年各省高考英语试题中，写作测试的命题思路，有一种从指导性写作逐步向半开放式写作过渡的趋势。半开放式写作，具体地说，就是给考生们提供一定的材料(包括图、文或图文结合)然后要求学生根据材料来进行书面表达，这样的考题形式，既限制了考生随心所欲的思维，又给予考生适当的发挥空间。这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及思维能力。而在文体方面，记叙文、议论文、应用文及书信为最常见的写作题材。因此，我们可以做一个形象的比喻，写文章就像工厂里制造一台机器那样，首先要确定机器由几部分组成，然后对这几部分分别细化，形成初步的设计图；再根据要求对初步的设计图进行完善、补充、修改，随之形成最终的设计图；然后我们再按照图纸的设计，使用我们所掌握的零件去制造出机器；同样的道理，学生写作时可参照以下模式：

1．理解话题：学生在动笔前必须对指定的话题进行反复细读，认真思考，理解其真正的含义，了解出题者的意图，这是进行写作的第一步；

2．明确文体，确定人称时态：这一阶段的判断中，主要强调近十年高考最常见的两种文体：(1)说明文：必须按照事物的原貌加以说明、介绍、解释，常采用一般现在时，被动语态也常使用；(2)记叙文：通常采用第一人称，描述本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；或用第三人称讲述他人的事情，如果是过去的事情，要用过去时。

3．初拟提纲，再理解话题：明确文体的基础上，草拟写作提纲；提纲是文章的骨架，可以是一句活，也可以是一个词组，由于考试时间所限，提纲内容不必面面俱到，但必须体现文章的整体结构和思路；目前绝大部分高中学生在英语写作时，还习惯于使用母语进行构思，然后将构思好的中文内容翻译成英文，这种情况是正常的；关键在于翻译过程中的语言表达必须符合英语语言的表达习惯

4．开始写作：提纲完成后，应根据提纲充实内容，如果说提纲是骨架的话，那么这时你必须将骨架填充血肉；具体的说就是要扩展要点，连词成句，适当地变换句型，组句谋篇成文；注意应简明扼要，层次分明、用词准确、语法概念清楚，使文章更具说服力，然后在写作完成后，还要对文章进行快速的检查，减少单词的拼写错误和句子表达的错误。

二、高考英语写作指导的具体策略

根据以上对历年高考英语写作试题的分析，我们可以从以下三个方面去指导学生进行写作：

1．细读材料，认真审题

仔细阅读书面表达题所给材料的全部内容，准确理解题目要求。需要认真审查的内容有：(1)文章的开头和结尾是否已给出；(2)用第几人称写作，书面表达要求中会明确指出使用第一人称还是第三人称；(3)提供的情景是图画、图表，还是提纲，如果是连环画，要注意故事情节的连贯性，确定合理的情节发展；(4)是否提供参考词汇，如果提供有参考词汇，写作中最好要用到；(5)采用什么文体，如果是议论文，要有论点、论据和结论三部分。如果是应用文，要注意其格式。如果是记叙文，要抓住六个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、事情起因、事情的发展与结果。

2．恰当选择词语和句式

认真审题后，就可以列提纲了，将重点单词、短语、句型写在提纲里，关于选词切忌使用生僻词语，要求做到用词准确、得体、达意。选择句式时，尽量使用多种句式，如强调句、倒装句、各种名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句和固定句型等，长句和短句视情况交错使用，这样可以提高文章的档次，使文章生辉。

选词大多是在一组同义词或近义词之间进行。例如，我们要表达“好”这个意思，一般来说，大家会马上想起“good”，因为口语中我们经常说agoodfriend、goodluck、agoodpicture等。但是，在不同的短语中，可以选择不同的英语单词使表达更加准确、生动、形象。

3．多背常识性语句，扩大知识面

语言是有规律的，不同体裁的书面表达都有其常识性语句。如果同学们平时有大量的语句积累，在写作时就能把积累的东西调动起来。这些常识性语句既可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，同时还能提供地道的表达方式。写人物介绍时，应着重写人物的姓名、性别、年龄、职业、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、工作态度、与人相处和社会评价等语句。例如：lipingisagoodteacher，whoisthirtyyearsold．heis175centimetrestallandheishealthy．等。

【参考文献】

[1]韩金龙，秦秀白.体裁分析与体裁教学法.[j].外语界2000(1)

[2]韩金龙.英语写作教学:过程体裁教学法.[j].外语界.2001(4)

[3]何星.“过程写作法”较之“结果写作法”在高中英语写作教学中的

有效性研究.[d]华东师大专业硕士学位论文.2007

A Visit to the Flower Show

Last week Nature Park held a flower show. I went to visit it with my friends. I was very glad to see so many beautiful flowers in the park. I was really amazed to see a sea of colourful

flowers. They told me that some rare flowers came from Taiwan. Thousands of people stopped and watched them carefully. I took many pictures there. Taiwan has always been a part of our country. I am sure sooner or later we can go there to see many more beautiful flowers. What great fun it will be.

Today, many people, especially young people, are phone freaks. They are addicted to their mobile phones. They always spend too much time chatting or watching movies on their mobile phones. They have less time to communicate with their friends and family members. They often feel anxious without mobile phones.

Depending on mobile phones too much is a kind of illness. Its bad for health. Looking at the mobile phones too often is bad for our eyes. Playing with mobile phones is a waste of time and gets in the way of study.

Phones can help us communicate more easily and know more about whats happening around the world. If we can use them at proper time and proper situations, they can help us have a better, happier life.

Raise your head on August 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky.

VALENTINE‘‘S Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on August 4 this year.

That is, on Monday evening, Niu Lang and Zhi Nu will meet on a bridge of magpies(鹊桥) across the Milky Way(银河). Chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings.

Romantic legend

The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story.

The Chinese people believe that the star Vega(织女星), east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila(天鹰座), on the western side of the Milky Way, Niu Lang waits for his wife.

Zhi Nu was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while Niu Lang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.

Niu Lang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.

Under the direction of the cow, Niu Lang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.

He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, tthe youngest couldn‘‘t find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.

Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him.

Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu‘‘s absence.

She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nu brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, Niu Lang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: "Keep the cowhide(牛皮) for emergency use."

Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.

With the help of the cowhide, Niu Lang was able to follow Zhi Nu into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven, or the Milky Way.

Zhi Nu went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River

很久以前，有一个跟着哥嫂过活的孤儿，既聪明又勤快，可嫂嫂仍嫌弃他，天不亮就赶他上山放牛，大家都叫他牛郎。几年后，哥嫂和牛郎分了家，狼心的嫂嫂只给他一间破茅房、一头老牛。从此，牛郎白天放牛、砍柴，晚上就和老牛同睡在那间破茅房内。一天，牛郎赶牛走进了一片陌生的树林，这里山青水秀、鸟语花香。牛郎见到九个仙女驾着祥云落在河的草地上，然后脱去五彩霓裳，跳进清澈见底的河水里，牛郎盯着一个最年轻是美丽的仙女看入了神，这时老牛突然说话了："她是天上的织女，只要拿走五彩霓裳，她就会做你的妻子。"牛郎悄悄地沿着树从，悄悄拿走了织女的五彩霓裳。天近午时，其他仙女纷纷穿起五彩霓裳，驾着祥云而去。唯独找不到五彩霓裳的织女留下了。这时，牛郎从树后走出，请求织女做他的妻子。织女见牛郎忠厚老实，勤劳健壮，便脉脉含羞地点了点头。牛郎织女喜结良缘后，男耕女织，互敬互爱。两年后，织女生下一男一女。然而天帝闻知织女下嫁人间，勃然大怒。七月初七，王母奉旨带着天兵天将捉了织女。悲痛欲绝的牛郎在老牛的帮助下，用萝筐挑着儿女追上天去。眼看追上了，王母拔下金簪一划，牛郎脚下立刻出现一条波涛汹涌的天河。肝肠寸断的织女和肩挑儿女的牛郎，一个在河东一个在河西，遥望对泣。哭声感动了喜鹊，霎时无数的喜鹊飞向天河，搭起一座鹊桥，牛郎织女终于可以在鹊桥上相会了。王母无奈，只好允许牛郎织女每年的七月初七在桥上相会一次。

当然，这只是个传说。乞巧的仪式源自古代织女桑神的原始信仰。这种信仰结合了牛郎织女每年七月七日相会的说法，成了我们今时今日的七夕七巧民间信仰。

在我国，农历七月初七，人们俗称"七夕节",也有人称之为"乞巧节"或"女儿节",这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日，也是过去姑娘们最为重视的日子。其实不仅仅是汉族，壮族、满族、朝鲜族等也有过"七夕节"的习俗。不过，随着西方"情人节"流入中土，"七夕节"逐渐又被人称为中国的"情人节".然而她在年轻人中的影响力，却远不及每年阳历2月14日的西方"情人节".不光如此，象这样历史悠久且文化内涵深厚、有如此美丽传说的节日，竟越来越不受社会重视，越来越受冷落，是世界变化得太快?还是节日不够现代跟不上时代?牛郎织女难道真的会被中国人遗弃吗?"七夕节"受冷落迫使我们的目光又聚焦到中国传统节日的兴衰上。农历七月初七--七夕节

民间爱情传说之一的牛郎织女的故事。

七夕节始终和牛郎织女的传说相连，这是一个很美丽，千古流传的爱情故事，是我国四大民间爱情传说之一。

相传在很早以前，南阳城西牛家庄里有个聪明、忠厚的小伙子，父母早亡，只好跟着哥哥嫂子度日，嫂子马氏为人狠毒，经常虐待他，逼他干很多的活，一年秋天，嫂子逼他去放牛，给他九头牛，却让他等有了十头牛时才能回家，牛郎无奈只好赶着牛出了村。

……

一天，天上的织女和诸仙女一起下凡游戏，在河里洗澡，牛郎在老牛的帮助下认识了织女，二人互生情意，后来织女便偷偷下凡，来到人间，做了牛郎的妻子。织女还把从天上带来的天蚕分给大家，并教大家养蚕，抽丝，织出又光又亮的绸缎。

牛郎和织女结婚后，男耕女织，情深意重，他们生了一男一女两个孩子，一家人生活得很幸福。但是好景不长，这事很快便让天帝知道，王母娘娘亲自下凡来，强行把织女带回天上，恩爱夫妻被拆散。

牛郎上天无路，还是老牛告诉牛郎，在它死后，可以用它的皮做成鞋，穿着就可以上天。牛郎按照老牛的话做了，穿上牛皮做的鞋，拉着自己的儿女，一起腾云驾雾上天去追织女，眼见就要追到了，岂知王母娘娘拔下头上的金簪一挥，一道波涛汹涌的天河就出现了，牛郎和织女被隔在两岸，只能相对哭泣流泪。他们的忠贞爱情感动了喜鹊，千万只喜鹊飞来，搭成鹊桥，让牛郎织女走上鹊桥相会，王母娘娘对此也无奈，只好允许两人在每年七月七日于鹊桥相会。

后来，每到农历七月初七，相传牛郎织女鹊桥相会的日子，姑娘们就会来到花前月下，抬头仰望星空，寻找银河两边的牛郎星和织女星，希望能看到他们一年一度的相会，乞求上天能让自己能象织女那样心灵手巧，祈祷自己能有如意称心的美满婚姻，由此形成了七夕节。

[初中英语作文七夕节

在国庆假期里，最快乐的事就是妈妈带我去动物园游玩。

动物园里的动物可多了，有会喷水的大象，有活泼调皮的猴子，有高贵漂亮的长颈鹿……最凶猛的狮子、老虎和大狗熊是圈养在虎山的，我和妈妈是坐着缆车观看的，坐在缆车里往下看，我刚好看到有一头黄色的大狮子正在张着那血盆大口吼叫，声音大得像打雷，我的心紧张极了，不由得握紧妈妈的手。

在百鸟园里，我见到了好多鸟，不过大部分我都不认识。我们看了鸟艺表演，观看了鹦鹉说话、鸽子识字等节目。最有趣的要数乌鸦拉车子了。一只黑黑的乌鸦拉了一只雪白雪白的鸽子，到了目的地，鸽子却不付钱，乌鸦气呼呼地把车子推翻在地，逗得观众哈哈大笑。

这里好看好玩的可多啦，说也说不完，真让人流连忘返!

In the National Day holiday, the happiest thing is that my mother took me to the zoo to play.

Zoo animals can be more, there will be sprayed elephants, lively naughty monkeys, there are noble and beautiful giraffe ... ... the most ferocious lions, tigers and big bears are captive in the hills, and my mother is sitting Watching the cable car, sitting in the cable car down to see, I just saw a big yellow lion is hanging that blood pool big mouth roar, the sound is like a thunder, my heart is very nervous, could not help but clenched my mothers hand.

In the bird park, I saw a lot of birds, but most of the I do not know. We watched the bird show, watched the parrot to speak, pigeon literacy and other programs. The most interesting to the number of crow pull the car. A black crow pulled a snowy white pigeon, to the destination, the pigeons did not pay, the crows to the car overturned to the ground, amused the audience laughed.

There are so nice to play more friends, that can not finish, really let people forget!

一、 教学目标：通过片段训练，使学生能进行细致的描写。

二、 教学重点：片段练习

三、 教学难点：通过片段练习，掌握进行细致描写的技巧。

四、 教学设想：演示实验——练习——分析——片段练习——方法

五、 教学过程：

(一) 组织教学、课堂导入： 同学们在学习语文的过程中，感到最可怕的是写作文，往往胶尽 脑汁而无处下笔， 搜肠刮肚找不到一个词语。 其实，

你们都是幸运的， 因为前人留给我们太多的宝藏，

“孔子的‘三人行，必有我师’，李太白的杯中酒，曹雪芹笔下的十二金钗，只要我们能多读好书，再掌握一定的作文技巧，又何愁写不好作文呢?这节课，就让我们一起解决作文中的一个难题：

“怎么进行细致的描写”?

(二) 讲授新课

1、 教师演示：教师手拿一个纸飞机，用力射出去，然后飞机掉 教师演示到了地上。 要求： (1)同学们要仔细观察，然后用一段话进行描写。

(2)同学们之间交流、分享。

2、摘录例句： 、摘录例句： a、老师把纸飞机用力的射了出去，飞机在空中飞了一圈，掉到 了地上。

b、老师右手拿一个纸飞机，高高向斜后方举起，身体向右倾斜 45 度角，右脚后退一小步，头微微抬起，向斜上方看，用力的将

飞机射了出去。飞机在空中像一个翩翩起舞的女子，画了一道优 美的弧线，轻轻地站在了地上。

3、分析：这两段话，你认为哪段写的好?为什么?

4、教师引导分析：得出“描写三原则” 。师总结：描写是什么呢?我认为描写就是把你看到的东西，可能是一 个人、一件物品、一个场景，告诉没有看到的人。

如果你要告诉别人什么，

首先一定要告诉别人。师总结：描写时，除了告诉别人“有什么”“怎么样”外，还要告诉别人“像什么”(板书：像什么)运用一定的修辞，这样才能使你的作文生动形象。“有什么”使我们明白了描写的对象，“怎么样”使描写具体起来，而“像什么”使描写变得更形象、生动，这三点就是描写三原则。

5、下面，同学们按照描写的三原则，检验一下自己刚刚的描写，进行修改。

6、教师让同学们将自己修改后的片段读出来，然后同学之间进行互评，教师让同学们将自己修改后的片段读出来。

7、美文共赏： 朱自清的《春》 分析：春天里“有什么”? 春天里“怎么样”? 春天的事物“像什么”? 8、作业：每人发一张图片——小鸭游水图，

让同学们课后按图片所画进行 描写练习。 要示：用词准确，100 字左右。

9、板书设计：三式妙法巧绘大千世界

1、有什么(对象) 描写三原则： 2、怎么样(细致) 3、像什么(修辞)

10、教学反思：通过本节课对描写的练习，同学们都有一个感觉：原来作文很简单。这也是这节课，我要告诉同学们的一个道理——作文 并不难。

但也有一部分同学词句匮乏，以后教学中，一定要加强词句的积累。

Last night, I watched a movie, it is about two teenagers, they have cancer, but the boy is positive about life while the girl is negative about life. They meet each other, then the girl is affected by the boy, she starts to see the beautiful things in her life. I am so moved by the movie, though the ending of the movie is not so perfect, we see the change of the girl’s life. The topic of the movie is to tell people to be positive about life, no matter what happens, even the bad fortune they get, they still need to smile every day. People need to find the beauty of life, so they won’t life live without meaning.

昨晚，我看了一部电影，那是关于两个青少年，他们身患癌症，但是男孩对生活很乐观，然而女孩子却对生活很悲观。他们遇见了彼此，然后女孩受到了男孩子的影响，她开始看到了生活的美好食物。我被这部电影深深地感动，虽然电影的结局不是那么的完美，但是我们看到了女孩生活的改变。电影的主题是告诉人们要对生活乐观，无论发生什么事情，即使他们遇到不幸，仍然需要每天乐观面对生活。人们需要发现生活的美，这样他们就不会活得没有意义。

[美丽人生初中英语作文

A Fine Day——《美好的一天》

June 13th     Friday

It is a fine day today. There are some clouds in the sky， but the sun is shining. Mr Jones is with his family. They are walking on the bridge. There are some boats on the river. Mr Jones and his wife are looking at them. Sally is looking at a big ship. The ship is going under the bridge. Tim is looking at an aeroplane. The aeroplane is flying over the river.

译文：美好的一天

今天，天气晴朗，空中有少许云朵，天阳在照耀着。琼斯先生和他的家人在一起。她们在桥上走着，河面上有几艘小船，琼斯先生和他的夫人正看着它们，莎莉正看着一艘大船。它正从桥下经过。蒂姆在看着一架飞机，这架飞机正从河上空飞过。

[初中英语日记美好的一天

There are many television programs in Taiwan today, from TV aeries, quiz shows, soap operas, movies to cartoons. Of all the programs, I like to watch cartoons the best, like Cartoon network, Disney and many others. I like to watch cartoons because they are funny and very interesting, especially when I am sad, tired or bored. I also like cartoon characters. they are so cute and vivid. We must use our imagination when we watch cartoons. Because they are often exaggerated, so you need to have a sense of humor.

Xiamen is a major city on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of

China.It is administered as a sub-provincial city of Fujian province .

The local vernacular is Amoy,a dialect of Southern Min,also called

Hokkien.Amoy is widely used and understood across the southern region of Fujian

province as well as overseas.While it is widely spoken in and around Xiamen,the

Amoy dialect has no official status,and the official language of all government

business is Mandarin.

Xiamen and its surrounding countryside is known for its scenery and

tree-lined beaches.Gulangyu,also known as Piano Island,is a popular weekend

getaway with views of the city and features many Victorian-era style European

edifices.Xiamens Botanical Garden is a nature lovers paradise.The Buddhist

Nanputuo Temple,dating back to the Tang Dynasty,is a national treasure.Xiamen is

also famous for its history as a frontline in the Chinese Civil War with Taiwan

over Jinmen (also known as Jinmen or Quemoy) 50 years ago.One attraction for

tourists is to view Kinmen,a group of islands a few kilometres away and under

Taiwanese control,from Xiamen island.