2016万圣节的由来与发展 作文英语（优秀20篇）

Halloween is an observance celebrated on the night of October 31， most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door collecting candy。 It is celebrated in much of the Western world， though most common in the United States，Most other Western countries have embraced Halloween as a part of American pop culture in the late 20th century。

万圣节是纪念庆祝10月31日晚，尤其是在服饰打扮儿童和挨家挨户上门收集糖果。这是在庆祝西方世界很多，不过大多数在美国，大多数其他西方国家接受，作为美国流行文化在20世纪后期的一部分万圣节。

So， although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday，" the day itself did not grow out of evil practices。 It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year， and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans。 And today， even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids。 After all， the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it。

因此，尽管有些邪教可能采用为他们最喜爱的“节日万圣节，”这一天本身却没有增加邪恶的作法。它的前身是在庆祝新年凯尔特人仪式，并指出欧洲中世纪的祈祷仪式。今天，甚至很多教会万圣节南瓜雕刻政党或为孩子们的活动。毕竟，这一天本身是邪恶的，只是作为一个关心使然。

Do you love a good fright? ThenHalloween is the holiday for you! This eerie festivity is observed in America and Europeon October 31。 You can share in the fun by learning some Halloween Englishlingo and customs。 These hair-raising Halloween treats are sure to spook you!

你喜欢恐怖吗?那万圣节就是你的节日了!这是被美国和欧洲视10月31日为阴森的节庆。藉由学习万圣节英文术语与习俗你可以分享其中的乐趣。这些毛骨悚然的万圣节把戏肯定会吓坏你!

Family and Personal Development

Family has a great influence on our personal development。 If we are from a happy family， we tend to be cheerful and optimistic。 If we are brought up in an unhappy family， we may grow up miserable and pessimistic。 If we are not loved by our family， we may not learn to love others。

An ideal family should be a place where we can get warmth， help， comfort and strength。 It should also be a source of laughter， and a good means to lessen the tension and pressure we all face every day。 A family should be a place where we can cultivate our self-confidence， which is crucial to our further development and to our mental health。

Since family plays a very important role in our life， it is up to every family member to contribute to the building of such a family。 We should be considerate and understanding。 We should love and show concern for each other。 We should strive to establish a happy family。 After all， if every family is happy， the whole society will be stable。

[家庭与个人发展的关系英语作文

导语：八旗最初源于满洲(女真)人的狩猎组织，是清代旗人的社会生活军事组织形式，也是清代的根本制度。今天我们来看看清朝八旗的由来、发展与兴衰。

八旗是清太祖努尔哈赤独创的一种“军政合一”、“寓兵于民”的组织，遇有征伐，抽调旗下甲士组成军队，即通常所说的八旗兵;同时它又是政权组织，具有管理旗下人民户籍、田土、赋役、教养、诉讼、婚姻等广泛职能。清人关前，凡人均隶于八旗，可以说旗外无兵无民，八旗的重要性自不待言;就是入关以后，清统治者仍视八旗为国家根本，以八旗禁旅卫护京师，驻防冲要大城。

八旗的前身

中国清代满族的社会组织形式。满族的先世女真人以射猎为业，每年到采捕季节，以氏族或村寨为单位，由有名望的人当首领，这种以血缘和地缘为单位进行集体狩猎的组织形式，称为牛录制。总领称为牛录额真(牛录意为大箭;额真，又称厄真，意为主)。

八旗的建立

努尔哈赤在统一女真各部的战争中，取得节节胜利。随着势力扩大，人口增多，他于明万历二十九年(1601)建立黄、白、红、蓝四旗，称为正黄、正白、正红、正蓝，旗皆纯色。四十三年，努尔哈赤为适应满族社会发展的需要，在原有牛录制的基础上，创建了八旗制度，即在原有的四旗之外，增编镶黄、镶白、镶红、镶蓝四旗(镶，俗写亦作厢)。旗帜除四正色旗外，黄、白、蓝均镶以红，红镶以白。把后金管辖下的所有人都编在旗内。

八旗的分类

清朝的八旗分为满洲八旗，蒙古八旗和汉军八旗，其中满洲八旗，蒙古八旗的主体是骑兵，他们的普通士兵分为三个等级，马兵，战兵和守兵，军饷依次降低。普通的满洲八旗，蒙古八旗男子十岁开始每三年可以参加考试，达标为守兵，享有军饷，以后每三年可以参加晋级考试，考试合格升入高一级，增加军饷。马兵，战兵和守兵是等级而不管你是否骑马。汉军八旗也叫乌真超哈(重装部队)其主要是炮兵。

八旗的方位

清代的八旗军，包括八旗满洲、蒙古、汉军在行军、驻营时所居的位置是固定的。据说是依“五行相克”说制订的。在《八旗通志》中有如下的记载：“两黄旗位正北，取土胜水。两白旗位正东，取金胜木。两红旗位正西，取火胜金。两蓝旗位正南，取水胜火，水色本黑，而旗以指麾六师，或夜行黑色难辩，故以蓝代之。”根据阴阳五行学说：东方属木，颜色为青，木能克土;南方属火，颜色为赤，火能生土克金;西方属金，颜色为白，金能生水克木;北方属水，颜色为黑，水能生木克火;中央属土，颜色为黄，土能生金克水。从五行所属的颜色和五行相克的角度讲，八旗所处的方位恰恰与五行相克的方位是一致的：两黄旗属土，土能克水，所以在北方;两红旗属火，火能克金，所以两红旗位于西方;两白旗属金，金能克木，所以两白旗位于东方;两蓝旗属水，水能克火，所以两蓝旗位于南方。

八旗的特点

八旗初建时兵民合一，全民皆兵，凡满洲成员皆隶于满洲八旗之下。旗的组织具有军事、行政和生产等多方面职能。入关前，八旗兵丁平时从事生产劳动，战时荷戈从征，军械粮草自备。入关以后，建立了八旗常备兵制和兵饷制度，八旗兵从而成了职业兵。清定都北京以后，绝大部分八旗兵丁屯驻在北京附近，戍卫京师的八旗则按其方位驻守，称驻京八旗，俗称京旗，实即禁军。另抽出一部分旗兵派驻全国各重要城市和军事要地，称驻防八旗。八旗有一套完整的制度。如封爵，崇德元年(1636)始定亲王、郡王、贝勒、贝子、镇国公、辅国公、镇国将军、辅国将军、奉国将军9等。八旗按引军旗色定户籍。八旗兴办宗室觉罗学、官学等，课其子弟。八旗宗室王公及官兵的婚丧等均有规定。清初定满汉不通婚，直到光绪二十七年(1901)才取消禁令，实际上民间早已通婚。

八旗的编制

八旗的最小单位是牛录，设牛录额真1人;5牛录为1甲喇，设甲喇额真1人;5甲喇为1固山，设固山额真1人。牛录既是一种社会组织，也是作战时的一个单位编成，每牛录300户，每户出一个壮丁，父死子继，兄亡弟代，在全军出动时才有每牛录300人。一般作战，每牛录只有几十人。八旗的组成是满洲八旗300牛录，其中包括约100个已经满族化的蒙古牛录，纯粹满洲牛录仅210个。蒙古八旗129牛录和汉军八旗167牛录。终清一代牛录的数字增加不多。

据史籍记载，当时编有满洲牛录308个，蒙古牛录76个，汉军牛录16个，共400个。此时所编设的八旗，即后来的满洲八旗。清太宗时，又建立蒙古八旗和汉军八旗，旗制与满洲八旗同。八旗由皇帝、诸王、贝勒控制，旗制终清未改。

八旗的兴衰

清军入关，满族人口大量涌入北京及其附近地区。为了安置八旗官兵和闲散人口，清政府进行大规模的圈地运动，八旗官兵因此获得一部分旗地。兵丁份地大多数靠本人带同家属从事耕种，后多迫于生计被典押出去。清统治全国以后，八旗兵丁生计日渐拮据。清王朝虽采取了种种措施，但直至清末，八旗生计问题非但没有解决，反而陷于贫困的境地。

八旗制度从正式建立到1911年辛亥革命后清王朝覆灭，共存在296年。它是清王朝统治全国的重要军事支柱，曾为发展和巩固中国多民族统一的国家、为保卫边疆防止外来侵略等都作出了重要贡献，对满族社会的发展，更起到不可磨灭的作用。随着历史的嬗变，八旗制度中落后的一面也日益明显，严重地束缚了满族人民的发展，在征战中的作用也愈来愈小。八旗制度与清王朝的命运紧密地联系在一起，经历了由盛而衰，由衰而亡的整个历史过程。

八旗与北京

在八旗当中，正黄、镶黄、正白为上三旗，直接由皇帝管辖;其余的五旗，则分由其它官员管辖，称做下五旗。

清朝定都北京以后，满洲八旗的主力则按旗驻扎在北京城内外，人们称之为“禁旅八旗”。除正阳门外，北京的八个城门都有八旗兵驻防。当时清朝统治者认为北京的最大威胁来自北方，因此北面的德胜门和安定门是防守的重中之重，由皇帝亲自指挥的正黄、镶黄两旗驻防，其余的城门，则由剩下的六旗兵按照各自的方位，分别把守。出于同样的道理，清朝在京城的北部郊外也部署了相当的兵力，这也就是今天为什么北京的北面多有以“旗”、“营”为名的地名，而其他三个方向少有类似地名的原因。

八旗制度给北京留下的历史遗迹还间接地烙印在了皇城之内，在今天的北京地图上，我们总可以看到许多像北营房、南营房、东营房这样的地名，追根溯源，就是因为过去这些地方曾是驻守城门的八旗兵的营房。

北京宣武门外有一条胡同叫校场口，校场口附近还留存有校场头条至五条，历史上这一带曾经是八旗兵练兵、习武的地方。今天，当我们漫步在这些风韵无存的老胡同里时，刀光剑影的声声厮杀穿过了现代都市的阵阵喧嚣荡入耳畔，屋檐之下、门墩之后依稀若现五尺男儿们那威武矫健的身影。

想当年，德胜门外的西北这一带，是清军正黄旗旗营所在地。有军队驻守，理当太平，于是人们便称此地为太平营。解放以后这个当年的军营所在地被改名为北太平庄。今天的北太平庄军旅不在，容颜已改，只有太平依旧。

八旗制度从正式建立到1911年辛亥革命后清朝覆灭，共存在了近三百年，它是清王朝统治国家的重要军事支柱。古老的北京城，见证了它由盛及衰、由衰而亡的过程，而历史把这个见证绘记在了今天的地图之上。

八旗的渊源

众所周知，八旗制度既是军事组织又是农业生产组织，是一种兵农合一的制度。也许我们会想起，在中国的少数民族历史上还有一个女真人所建立的王朝也创立过这种兵农合一的制度。那就是清朝的前身金朝，完彦阿骨打所创立的猛安谋克制。但清太祖努尔哈赤所建立的八旗制度无疑是一种在此基础上的深化和完善。

早在努尔哈赤六世祖猛哥帖木儿时，建州女真就有了自己的军队。努尔哈赤的历史功绩在于对女真原有的军事组织加以改造，组见了一支纪律严明、骁勇善战的铁骑，并创立了八旗制度。

先是，女真人在出猎时，各出一支箭。十人中立一个总领;总领成牛录额真，后以牛录额真为官名。努尔哈赤起兵之后，将他的部族分为若干个牛录，每牛录统辖三百人。牛录额真已不是行猎时的小头目而成为女真部族的一级官员。牛录也不单单是围猎组织，也成为了军事组织。万历二十九年(1601年)努尔哈赤对建州女真军队初次整编，始设四旗，每三百人为一牛录，设牛录额真一员，并画一颜色。以黄、白、红、蓝四色为旗的标志。

万历四十三年(1615年)，努尔哈赤的军队已不下五六万人。他将原有的四旗，扩为八旗。规定每三百人设一牛录额真(参领)，五甲喇设一固山额真(都统)。每旗约七千五百人八旗总共有五六万人。每个固山有特定的颜色的旗帜，所以汉语将固山译为旗。原有四旗用黄、白、蓝、红四种颜色做的旗帜有增添四旗。将原来的旗帜周围镶边，黄、白、蓝三色旗帜镶红边，红色旗帜镶白边，成为八种不同颜色的旗帜。不镶边的旗帜成为正旗，镶边的旗帜成为镶旗。从此八旗制度开始实行在女真军中。

到天命七年(1622年)，始设的蒙古旗后发展为蒙古八旗。天聪五年(1631年)，努尔哈赤第八子皇太极将满州八旗中的汉军选出，另组建了汉军八旗。于是，满州八旗、蒙古八旗、汉军八旗，共二十四旗，分为左右翼两旗，但统称为八旗。八旗制度“以旗统军，以旗统民”，他还掌管行政、经济、和家族组织。牛录额真下设二人副职，并设四名拔什库，管理村屯。牛录额真及其副职管理牛录的军事、民政、经济、土地、诉讼、婚丧等事物但以军事为主。八旗兵丁“出则为兵，如则为民”，平时耕猎，战时出征。出征时要自备马匹、器械、粮草;俘获，掠来的财物按军功分配。

努尔哈赤创建的八旗制度，以他为纽带，把女真社会的军事、行政、经济、家族统治起来女真各部的部民，按照军事方式分为三级加以编制。从而使分散的女真社会联结成为一体并结成了一个组织严密，生气勃勃的社会机体。八旗制度的创立是少数民族历史上的一次伟大的改革和一种创新。为清军最终问鼎中原奠定了坚实的基础。

古时候人们认为恶灵(evil spirits)会在每年10月31日的夜晚重返人间。为了驱逐恶灵，他们会将房子里的炉火和烛台(candles)熄灭(extinguish)，将房子弄得很荒凉(inhospitable)，好像没人居住一样，这样恶灵就不会进屋去。他们也会故意穿得很邋遢(sloppily dressed)，看起来很丑，这样恶灵就不愿意接近他们了。另外，他们还知道恶灵害怕噪音，于是他们穿着奇形怪状的服装(costume)上街游行(parade)。这就是万圣节的由来(origin)。

万圣节像今天这样有趣，是因为异教徒没有听从教会。他们在万圣节继续沿用许多缩温节的仪式，有些仪式现在仍然存在。

例如，“不给糖就捣蛋“这个习俗，来源于异教徒相信鬼魂会在每年降临人间的时候给活着的人制造麻烦。为了保护自己不被恶灵伤害，人们穿上看起来像鬼的衣服，并且准备面包、鸡蛋、苹果等食物当供品以求好运。人们戴着面具，穿着迷惑鬼魂的鬼服，挨家挨户收供品。慷慨的人点起灯火，受到良好祝愿，但吝啬的人却受到威胁。

这个习俗延续至今，成千上万的儿童穿戴起来，逐户敲门要求款待。然而大多数现代人并不怕鬼，在万圣节，当小气的人看见有人拿着“家伙“经过，并朝小气的人的家里丢鸡蛋的时候，不免会有些提心吊胆。

该类别主要包括：合法致富、经济发展、科技发展、 网络、 电子交通、 传媒、 动车。

1、get rich by legal means; be entitled to wealth and prosperity; stimulate people into hard working; reduce the gap;

2、help the poor with better opportunities; make big money illegally; make this society insecure

网络好处：1、share individual viewpoints and insights; enable better and more efficient interpersonal communication;

2、enjoy equal right t personal opinion; 网络坏处：1、reveal and spread rumors; occupy and waste net space; follow trend and fashion; ( help distinguish between right and wrong;

2、offer proper guidance; check and restrict unhealthy content; create a clean and safe environment; mislead children by indecent content; indulge n violent act and aggressive behavior)

[2017年考博英语作文23类热点话题的例句:关于经济发展、科技、网络等

万圣夜(Halloween)(又叫鬼节，万圣节前夜)在每年的10月31日，是英语世界的传统节日，主要流行于北美、不列颠群岛、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰。当晚小孩会穿上化妆服，戴上面具，挨家挨户收集糖果。华语地区常将万圣夜误称为万圣节。

万圣夜英文称之“Halloween”，为“All Hallow Eve”的缩写，是指万圣节(All Hallows Day)的前夜，类似于圣诞夜被称为“Christmas Eve”。“Hallow”来源于中古英语halwen，与holy词源很接近，在苏格兰和加拿大的某些区域，万圣节仍然被称为“All Hallow Mas”，意思是在纪念所有的圣人(Hallow)那一天，要举行的弥撒仪式(Mass)。

万圣夜通常与灵异的事物联系起来。欧洲传统上认为万圣节是鬼魂世界最接近人间的时间，这传说与中国的盂兰节类似。美国明尼苏达州的Anoka号称是“世界万圣节之都”，每年都举行大型的巡游庆祝。

许多西方国家，在每年的10月31号，都会过万圣节，俗称鬼节。下面，让我为大家介绍介绍万圣节的来历和习俗吧。

关于万圣节由来的，传说最多的版本认为，那是源于基督诞生前的古西欧国家，主要包括爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士。这几处的古西欧人叫德鲁伊特人。德鲁伊特的新年在十一月一日，新年前夜，德鲁伊特人让年轻人集队，戴着各种怪异面具，拎着刻好的萝卜灯(古西欧最早没有南瓜)，他们游走于村落间。这在当时实则为一种秋收的庆典;也有说是“鬼节”，传说当年死去的人，灵魂会在万圣节的前夜造访人世，据说人们应该让造访的鬼魂看到圆满的收成并对鬼魂呈现出丰盛的款待。所有篝火及灯火，一来为了吓走鬼魂，同时也为鬼魂照亮路线，引导其回归。

万圣节期间，许多公共场所乃至居家院落，都会布置上很多装璜，诸如各式鬼怪呀、南瓜灯呀、还有黑猫以及巫婆的扫帚之类;孩子们会穿上每年不一样的万圣节服装，拎着罗卜灯的提篓去挨家挨户地讨糖。

这就是关于万圣节的由来和习俗。

it was many octobers ago when it happened. dark magic never gives any warnings, but i sure wish it did. i had always been a peculiar child- i could look at the clouds for an hour or so without getting bored, and see the tiniest details. thinking back, it was only a matter of time before something happened.

it was the day before my thirteenth birthday: october the 30th and i was taking a long walk through the dajurie woods. i knew i was getting dangerously close to the heart of the forest, but i didn’t care. i had to do something to take my troubles off. my mother thinks it my fault that my 11 year old sister was foolish enough to wander off and get lost. my darn fault! how is that my fault, may i ask? now, where was i? ah, yes, strolling through dajurie woods. to this day, i still don’t know how i ever fell asleep in the middle of walking, but i must’ve done so, for all i remember was breathing in the pine-scented air, enjoying my stroll, and then suddenly falling into a deep black void of darkness.

when i woke up, (or got out of the darkness, if i wasn’t truly sleeping) i was standing in an elegant stony hallway. it seemed to stretch on forever. the hall was only slightly illuminated by torches, glowing (of all things) green. i started tiptoeing down the hall, for how long, i do not know. i only remember the sense of terror, which kept growing with each and every step i take. at last, i reached a dilapidated wooden door with an iron handle. i could smell an enchantment in the air. something was there. something ancient and evil. i could tell… … you know how some people say they have butterflies in their stomachs when they’re scared? well, i had killer bees.

i just stared at the door knob for a while, then, at last, got up all my courage, peeked inside, and immediately screamed so loud that i feared i’d never speak again. for inside, lay the corpse of my sister. the most startling thing was that her eyes were midnight black, instead of their regular grey-green. what in the world happened???

i was shaking all over. my hair nearly stood strait up. suddenly, a voice rasped in my ear “yesss, you shall do quite nicsssely… …”, and before i knew it, i was pinned to the ground. for the first time, i noticed my new surroundings. i was in a gorgeous flower garden, yet it looked different from something you see in an average garden. it looked…, well, it looked more beautiful. more beautiful and deadly. i would’ve probably even enjoyed my stay if i wasn’t pinned down and trying to breath, with my sister already dead.

i looked up at my captor, and immediately wished i hadn’t. i knew, at that moment, that for as long as i live, (which might be really short, depending on what the captor was trying to do) i’ll never forget my captor’s face- for there wasn’t one. yes, there were eyes, a crooked nose, and a mouth, yet somehow they weren’t… … flesh. they were fragrant of fears, shadows, and nightmares. i did not know how that was even possible, but i knew it was true, somehow. its body wasn’t there at all, only an eerie invisible force, pushing me to the ground.

perhaps i should’ve struggled, should’ve screamed for help, but i found that i couldn’t- i was completely paralysed. finally i managed to croak -“what?” the monster smiled with its shadowy mouth, showing blood covered fangs.

“you ssshall fall into the sssame fate asss your sssister,” he rasped in the same snake-like voice, “you mortalsss are ssso foolissssh, never realizing the truth! why do you think thessse woods are named ‘dajurie’? they were elvish for me, the mighty dracula! for centuriesss i have waited for mortalsss with magic in their blood to ssstumble acrosss my trap. you ssshall die a famous death, my dear, the death that bringsss me to a true form. then, i ssshall be able to feassst on whoever i pleassse!”

with that, he started to lower his fangs into my flesh. time slowed down. i knew it wasn’t just about me anymore. if dracula managed to rise to power, my world was doomed. i had to think. what has defeated beings of the night in stories?

just then, dracula’s fangs touched my skin. suddenly, i knew what to do. i shouted at the top of my lungs “i’m not afraid of you! you’re never going to hurt my world. you’re just a shadow!!” i was surprised to feel my confidence soaring back to me. i was somehow, somehow stronger.

dracula jerked away as if all his energy was gone. slowly his terrifying face cracked and crumbled into nothingness. i fell again, into the same darkness that brought me to the vampire’s garden. except this time i was grateful to be whisked away. after a while, i felt someone shaking me. i opened my eyes- it was my mother.

“just what happened to you???” she asked, looking like she was on the verge of tears, but hey, i guess i looked that way too. suddenly, her hand flew to her mouth. “y- your e- eyes,” she stammered, “t-they’re, they’re black!”

i just shook my head, “trust me, you wouldn’t believe me if i told you.”

Do you know Halloween? I think with the increasing of international communication, most people must be familiar with it. It has become one of the most popular festivals inEurope. It falls on the last day of October. People will celebrate it from the midnight of October, 31 to November first.

你知道万圣节吗?我觉得随着国际交流的密切，大多数人都是很熟悉的。它已成为欧洲国家最受欢迎的节日之一。圣诞节是在十月的最后一天。人们会从十月三十一日的午夜就一直开始庆祝到十一月一日。

At first, it is celebrated to praise autumn. So it falls on the late autumn. It also has another legend. Since a long time ago, Halloween has been connected with the ghosts. People consider that the ghosts who have no home to go will go out for food on the night of October, 31. No matter this story is true or not, people will feel afraid only hearing it. So they decide to have celebration on that day. They will light up lights to frighten the ghosts.

一开始庆祝它主要是为了赞美秋天。所以这个节日是在深秋。它还有另一个传说。很久以前，万圣节都是与鬼魂相关联的。人们认为那些无家可归的鬼魂会在10月31日晚上出来找食物。不管这个传书是真的还是假的，单单听说人们就会感到害怕了。所以，他们决定在那一天庆祝。他们会把灯点亮来吓唬鬼魂。

However, after a long time, Halloween become the day mainly for kids. Every Halloween children will put on strange masks and frightening costumes. Most children will make themselves become the monster or hero in the movie or legend that they like. When they finish the make up, they will carry bags from house to house to play the game, “Trick or treat”. The adults will put the treat candy into their bags. Thus, Halloween is the most favorable festival for children.

然而，经过很长一段时间后，万圣节主要成为了孩子们的节日。每年万圣节前夕，孩子都会戴上奇怪的面具，穿上吓人的服装。大多数孩子会扮成电影中或者传说他们喜欢的英雄或怪物。当他们化妆完后，他们会带着袋子挨家挨户去玩“不给糖就捣蛋”的游戏。大人们就会把准备好的糖果放进他们的袋子里。所以说，万圣节是孩子们最喜欢的节日。

Not only the kids like the festival, but also some grown-ups love it. They will join parties after making up. This brings them the satisfaction of being young. How about you? Do you love it?

不仅小孩喜欢这个节日，连大人也喜欢。大人们会在画完妆后参加聚会。这可以给他们带来年轻的快感。你呢?你喜欢万圣节吗?

Halloweens origins date back to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in).

The Celts, who lived 2,000 years ago in the area that is now Ireland, the United Kingdom, and northern France, celebrated their new year on November 1. This day marked the end of summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark, cold winter, a time of year that was often associated with human death. Celts believed that on the night before the new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead became blurred. On the night of October 31, they celebrated Samhain, when it was believed that the ghosts of the dead returned to earth. In addition to causing trouble and damaging crops, Celts thought that the presence of the otherworldly spirits made it easier for the Druids, or Celtic priests, to make predictions about the future. For a people entirely dependent on the volatile natural world, these prophecies were an important source of comfort and direction during the long, dark winter.

To commemorate the event, Druids built huge sacred bonfires, where the people gathered to burn crops and animals as sacrifices to the Celtic deities.

During the celebration, the Celts wore costumes, typically consisting of animal heads and skins, and attempted to tell each others fortunes. When the celebration was over, they re-lit their hearth fires, which they had extinguished earlier that evening, from the sacred bonfire to help protect them during the coming winter.

By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered the majority of Celtic territory. In the course of the four hundred years that they ruled the Celtic lands, two festivals of Roman origin were combined with the traditional Celtic celebratiion of Samhain.

The first was Feralia, a day in late October when the Romans traditionally commemorated the passing of the dead. The second was a day to honor Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruit and trees. The symbol of Pomona is the apple and the incorporation of this celebration into Samhain probably explains the tradition of "bobbing" for apples that is practiced today on Halloween.

By the 800s, the influence of Christianity had spread into Celtic lands. In the seventh century, Pope Boniface IV designated November 1 All Saints Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs. It is widely believed today that the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday. The celebration was also called All-hallows or All-hallowmas (from Middle English Alholowmesse meaning All Saints Day) and the night before it, the night of Samhain, began to be called All-hallows Eve and, eventually, Halloween. Even later, in A.D. 1000, the church would make November 2 All Souls Day, a day to honor the dead. It was celebrated similarly to Samhain, with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up in costumes as saints, angels, and devils. Together, the three celebrations, the eve of All Saints, All Saints, and All Souls, were called Hallowmas.

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Tomorrow is dragon boat festival, I and father mother go together Woerma goes buying a zhongzi.

Arrive Woerma, I run to look for a zhongzi with respect to rapid ground. Wow! Here huge crowd of people, really lively. Well? How is that place person special much? Taking away doubt I looked in the past after all. Oh! Buy a zhongzi so, the zhongzi breed here is really too much: Of beef stuffing, of red jujube stuffing, of chop stuffing, of earthnut stuffing... my what look saliva should flow. Took a bag rapidly, say to mom: "Mom, I like to eat fresh chopped meat, I should be bought more a few. " mom nods express to agree, then I bought the zhongzi of a lot of fresh chopped meat.

Buy a zhongzi, we bought a lot of things again, have a meal in hall of Xiang Shang coffee next, had eaten a meal, we came home cheerfully, really happy today!

Look! This is the zhongzi that I buy, but delicious!

Halloween always falls on 31 October.Its a holiday for children.On that day,children always wear fancy clothes and masks.And then,they go from house to house to say "Trick or Treat",so that people will treat them with candies.If they dont receive any candies,theyll play a trick on people.But sometimes if the people are going out,when the children come,theyll put the candies in a carved pumpkin lanterns.Children will take the candies themselves.All of the children enjoy this holiday very much.

Halloween is for the "All Hallows Evening".

However,due to various reasons, Halloween has become the years most popular and one of the most popular festivals,and many players with great enthusiasm to celebrate this holiday.

Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.

The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.

Dear Tom,At 6:30 on 20th July, there will be a party in my home to celebrate my birthday. I would very much like you to come to the party, and it will be great if you also bring Tao Wang to, so that we can communicate on the culture differences between China and the West. Hope I can meet you and Tao Wang that day.

Your Sincerely,

Lin Li

Today is Halloween, we put on all kinds of masks, dressed in colorful clothes, go to school to participate in the activities.

There, the foreign language teacher came in like a ghost, dressed in white and flawless clothes, with white powder on his face. The foreign language teacher flounced like a beast, and frightened us around. The foreign language teacher saw us so scared that we could not help laughing. The foreign language teacher also showed us the dishes. When I was talking about it, the foreign language teacher ran behind me and screamed "ah..." I am scared pale.

In the afternoon, the foreign teacher introduced two people to us, one is Millie, she dressed up like a little witch. There is a white ratio, he dressed as a doctor. They took out a large bag of sugar, spilled it, and fell down like a raindrop, and we rushed through the lightning speed to grab the sugar.

Time flies, in the twinkling of an eye on the school, looking at the filled pocket, I thought: This Halloween can be really happy ah!

halloween has always been a holiday filled with mystery, magic and superstition. it began as a celtic end-of-summer festival during which people felt especially close to deceased relatives and friends. for these friendly spirits, they set places at the dinner table, left treats on doorsteps and along the side of the road and lit candles to help loved ones find their way back to the spirit world.

todays halloween ghosts are often depicted as more fearsome and malevolent, and our customs and superstitions are scarier too. we avoid crossing paths with black cats, afraid that they might bring us bad luck. this idea has its roots in the middle ages, when many people believed that witches avoided detection by turning themselves into cats. we try not to walk under ladders for the same reason. this superstition may have come from the ancient egyptians, who believed that triangles were sacred; it also may have something to do with the fact that walking under a leaning ladder tends to be fairly unsafe. and around halloween, especially, we try to avoid breaking mirrors, stepping on cracks in the road or spilling salt.

but what about the halloween traditions and beliefs that todays trick-or-treaters have forgotten all about? many of these obsolete rituals focused on the future instead of the past and the living instead of the dead. in particular, many had to do with helping young women identify their future husbands and reassuring them that they would someday--with luck, by next halloween!--be married.

in 18th-century ireland, a matchmaking cook might bury a ring in her mashed potatoes on halloween night, hoping to bring true love to the diner who found it. in scotland, fortune-tellers recommended that an eligible young woman name a hazelnut for each of her suitors and then toss the nuts into the fireplace. the nut that burned to ashes rather than popping or exploding, the story went, represented the girls future husband. (in some versions of this legend, confusingly, the opposite was true: the nut that burned away symbolized a love that would not last.) another tale had it that if a young woman ate a sugary concoction made out of walnuts, hazelnuts and nutmeg before bed on halloween night, she would dream about her future husband. young women tossed apple-peels over their shoulders, hoping that the peels would fall on the floor in the shape of their future husbands initials; tried to learn about their futures by peering at egg yolks floating in a bowl of water; and stood in front of mirrors in darkened rooms, holding candles and looking over their shoulders for their husbands faces.

other rituals were more competitive. at some halloween parties, the first guest to find a burr on a chestnut-hunt would be the first to marry; at others, the first successful apple-bobber would be the first down the aisle.

of course, whether were asking for romantic advice or trying to avoid seven years of bad luck, each one of these halloween superstitions relies on the good will of the very same "spirits" whose presence the early celts felt so keenly. ours is not such a different holiday after all!

[以万圣节为话题英语作文

This stanza comes from the worker’s big strike of American Chicago.On May 1 in 1886, Chicago of 20 in order to fight for practicing eight hours to work to make but hold the big strike, many ten thousand workerses pass by hard of bloodshed conflict, acquired the victory finally.For memorial this time the socialist that the worker’s one who exercise, July 14 in 1889, from all countries Marxist call represents the conference, Parisian solemn and impressive open in France.On the conference, attend meeting to represent the consistent approval:Common festival that May 1 settles for the international proletariat.This resolution gets the international community, the worker responds to actively.On May 1 in 1890, the working class of Euro-American all countries leads off to go into the street, holding the grand demonstration and holding a meeting, fighting for the legal rights.From now on, every time round this international community labors the people to all want the catcall, parade, to show to celebrate.

此节源于美国芝加哥的工人大罢工。1886年5月1日，芝加哥的20 多万工人为争取实行八小时工作制而举行大罢工，经过艰苦的流血斗争，终于获得了胜利。为纪念这次工人运动，1889年7月14日，由各国马克思主义者召集的社会主义者代表大会，在法国巴黎隆重开幕。大会上，与会代表一致同意：把5月1日定为国际无产阶级的共同节日。这一决议得到世界各国工人的积极响应。1890年5月1日，欧美各国的工人阶级率先走上街头，举行盛大的游行与集会，争取合法权益。从此，每逢这一天世界各国的劳动人民都要集会、游行，以示庆祝。

[有关五一节的由来的优秀英语作文

Halloween is a spooky and scary night.People dress up in the Hallween.Some people buy pumpkin and carve it into a jack-o-lantern.A jack-o-lantern is a pumpkin with a face.This is how you make a jack-o-lantern:you buy a pumpkin,take it home,carve the pumpkin and give it a spooky,happy,scary face.

(万圣节是一个可怕的吓人的晚上。那一天会人们乔装打扮。一些人把南瓜买来并刻成杰克灯。杰克灯就是一个刻着人面型的南瓜。制作杰克灯的方法：买一个南瓜，带回家，雕刻南瓜，给它一个可怕的，吓人的或者开心的脸)

A warty witch can fly on her fast and speeding broom in the sky.She can be wearing black pants and a black robe.If you see one ,she mignt be carrying a black cat to give bad luck.

(女巫骑着扫帚在天空中飞，她穿着黑色的裤子和长袍，如果你见到她，她带着的黑猫会给你带来坏运气)

A spooky,scary,and white ghost can go through walls and could control people.You might see one in the grave yard.Be careful because it will frighten you.You might become one of them!

(一个可怕的吓人的白色的鬼魂会飞过墙并控制住人。在墓地里你能看到他们，小心!他们会飞向你，那样你就会变成他们中的一个!)

The black cat can give bad luck when it crosses your path.The black cat is just a cat that it is black and can give bad luck.A black cat can be in a back yard in the house,on the streets, or on a witch‘s broom.

(当黑猫经过你身边时会给你带来坏运气。黑猫仅仅是一只会给人们带来坏运气的黑色的猫。黑猫通常呆在后院，街道上，或者在女巫的扫帚里。)

万圣节又叫诸圣节，在每年的10月31日，是西方的传统节日。以下是关于万圣节的英语素材，供大家参考。

11月1日万圣节英文：Hallowmas，南瓜是万圣节的代表。

10月31日是万圣夜英文：Halloween，华语地区常将万圣夜称为万圣节。

Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.

万圣节前夜是在10月31日庆祝的一个节日，根据传统，万圣节前夜的庆祝活动从太阳落山开始。在很久以前，人们相信在万圣节前夜女巫会聚集在一起，鬼魂在四处游荡。现在，大多数人们不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了，但是他们仍然把这些作为万圣节前夜的一部分。

The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.

黑色和橙色仍然是万圣节前夜的一部分，黑色是夜晚的象征，而橙色代表着南瓜。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的，带来一个毛骨悚然的灼热面孔。

Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.

盛装是最受欢迎的万圣节风俗之一，尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗，人们会盛装(穿戴一些特殊的服饰，面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。

Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).

流行的万圣节服装包括vampires(吸血鬼)，ghosts(死者的灵魂)和werewolves(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。

Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they dont get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.

欺骗或攻击是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷，讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐，就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。

The tradition of the Jack o Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.

南瓜灯的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫Jack的人戏弄了恶魔，之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型，中间挖空，再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。

There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!

和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法，比如认为13是不吉利的数字!

Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They dont really exist... or do they?

万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的......或许他们其实真的存在?

Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.

女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物，人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子，骑在扫把上飞来飞去。

Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.

恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气，黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆。

The Origin of Halloween

While there are many versions of the origins and old customs of Halloween, some remain consistent by all accounts. Different cultures view Holloween somewhat differently but traditional Halloween practices remain the same.

Halloween culture can be traced back to the Druids, a Celtic culture in Ireland, Britain and Northern Europe. Roots lay in the feast of Samhain, which was annually on October 31st to honor the dead.

Samhain signifies "summers end" or November. Samhain was a harvest festival with huge sacred bonfires, marking the end of the Celtic year and beginning of a new one. Many of the practices involved in this celebration were fed on superstition.

The Celts believed the souls of the dead roamed the streets and villages at night. Since not all spirits were thought to be friendly, gifts and treats were left out to pacify the evil and ensure next years crops would be plentiful. This custom evolved into trick-or-treating.

万圣节的起源

尽管关于万圣节的起源和旧俗有很多不同的看法，但有一些是被所有人接受的。不同文化看待万圣节总是有点不同，但是传统的万圣节做的事情都是一样的。

万圣节文化可以追溯到德鲁伊教，这是一种爱尔兰、北欧和英国的凯尔特文化，根植于Samhain节的庆祝活动，Samhain节于每年的10月31日纪念逝者。

Samhain节说明夏天结束或者十一月，是一个丰收的节日。在Samhain节会燃起神圣巨大的篝火，标志着凯尔特一年的结束和新一年的开始。一些做法因为迷信被加入庆祝活动中。

凯尔特人相信死者的灵魂会在夜里出没在街道和村庄。因为他们认为不是所有的灵魂都是友善的，所以就把礼物和好吃的留在外面安慰恶灵来确保来年的庄稼可以丰收。这种习俗演变成了trick-or-treating。

[高中万圣节英语作文

除了上街搞鬼，万圣节少不了大大小小的南瓜灯装饰，不过为何是西瓜、冬瓜或萝卜，而是南瓜呢?根据典故，爱尔兰有个名叫Jack的男子，某天，他和恶灵在酒吧喝酒，两人酒足饭饱后却没钱付帐，Jack将恶灵禁锢起來，经过恶灵苦苦哀求，Jack要求其答应一整年都不能骚扰他才“放鬼”。

沒想到后来Jack不幸去世，进不了天堂只好去地狱求恶灵收留，恶灵认为是Jack自已说不要再有瓜葛，所以拒绝接受Jack的请求，只私給他一快烧红的木炭让他放在大头菜內当灯笼照明，后来苏格兰小孩“有样学样”，也挖空大头菜放蜡烛点灯。

这个习俗传到美国后，人们发现圆圆胖胖的的南瓜更适合当空心灯笼。所以自然就变成南瓜的天下，南瓜灯也成为万圣节最应景的道具之一。

Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with ghosts, goblins and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. Bats, owls and other nocturnal animals are also popular symbols of Halloween. They were originally feared because people believed that these creatures could communicate with the spirits of the dead.

万圣节起源于邪恶的精神与庆祝。骑着扫帚的女巫、幽灵，小妖精和骷髅都是万圣节的标志物。蝙蝠，猫头鹰和其他夜间活动的动物也是万圣节的普遍标志。他们原本担心因为人们认为这些动物能和死者的灵魂进行交流。

Black cats are also symbols of Halloween and have religious origins as well. Black cats were considered to be reincarnated beings with the ability to divine the future. During the Middle Ages it was believed that witches could turn themselves into black cats. Thus when such a cat was seen, it was considered to be a witch in disguise. All these are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows.

黑猫也是万圣节的标志物，并且也有一定的宗教起源。人们认为黑猫转世的人与神的未来的能力。在中世纪，人们相信女巫可以变成黑猫。因此，当看到这样的猫，它被认为是一种变相的女巫。这些都是流行trick-or-treat服饰和装饰品贺卡和窗口。

Black is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night.

黑色是传统的万圣节颜色，这可能是因为万圣节前夜的传统发生在夜间。

Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pumpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack- o-lanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so stingy that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he was a miser. He couldnt enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk on the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day. So Jack and his lantern became the symbol of a lost or damned soul. To scare these souls away on Halloween, the Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips, beets or potatoes representing "Jack of the Lantern," or Jack-o-lantern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodies waiting if they knock and say "Trick or Treat!"

南瓜也是万圣节的标志性象征。南瓜是橘黄色的，和橘黄色也成了传统的万圣节的颜色。南瓜刻成杰克- O的灯是万圣节的风俗可以追溯到爱尔兰。传说有一个名叫杰克的人非常吝啬，不允许他进入天堂，当他死了，因为他是个吝啬鬼。他不能进入地狱，因为他捉弄魔鬼。作为一个结果，杰克不得不提着灯笼四处游荡，直到审判日。杰克和他的灯笼成为丢失或被诅咒的灵魂的象征。为了在万圣节前夜吓走这些游魂，爱尔兰人雕刻成可怕的面孔的萝卜，甜菜或马铃薯为代表的“杰克的灯笼，”或南瓜灯。当爱尔兰人迁到美国后，他们对南瓜雕刻的面孔，因为在秋天，他们比芜菁更丰富。在窗户上今天的南瓜灯在万圣节的晚上，让儿童知道有好吃的东西，如果他们敲门说“不给糖就捣蛋的等待!”