未来生活英语作文带翻译（经典20篇）

We had English final exam yesterday. I feelvery sad now because I think I didn’t do well in the exam. Firstly, just amoment ago I realized that my composition in the exam stayed from the point,because I misunderstood the meaning of Green Campus. I thought Green Campus isonly the color of the campus. So I totally got away from the point. Inaddition, time was not enough for me. Eventually, I wrote some answers on theanswer sheet without thinking. Thus I’m afraid I can’t pass the exam. I am nowvery anxious.

我们昨天英语期末考试。我感到很伤心，因为我觉得我没把试考好。首先，不久前我才发现我把作文写离题了，因为我把绿色校园的意思理解错了。我以为绿色校园是指校园的颜色。所以我离题了。此外，时间对我来说也是不够的。最终，有些题目我都没看就直接写答案上去了。所以我怕我会考试不及格。我现在很担心。

未来，可以是高科技的，也可以是普普通通的，我的梦想就是一个极其普通的，它只是一个小小的梦想，一点都不科幻。

我希望：未来的世界可以充满爱的世界，空气清新的美丽世界，我不希望到处都是高楼大厦，到处都是浓烟滚滚，天空那蔚蓝色的“外衣”早已经被抛到九霄云外了，到那时，再高科技也无法挽救我们的地球和美丽的蓝天白云了，它们将离开我们，永远，永远。那时，只有恐怖的瘟疫和致命的病痛可以“拯救”这些无知的人了。

所以，我只想让世界变得蓝天白云，鸟语花香，小鸟和昆虫生活非常快乐，生机盎然美得已经无法形容，天空中到处都是雄壮的鹰，在天空中自由的翱翔，地球犹如仙境一般。

“快看，一个美丽的星球！”火星族族长惊讶的说。说干就干，呆呆将军、族长和一些好奇的火星人们都已经准备好了这次美丽的梦幻之旅了，刚开始，火星人们都被眼前的美境震住了，谁也不想离开它，这时间一长，地球人与火星人也产生了感情，整天生活在一起，非常快乐。

这么完美的星球，什么人能不喜欢，别的星球的人也不例外，地球上外星人无处不在，就连太阳上的居民们也随之改迁到这里来了，到那时，早上和外星人打个招呼也是“家常便饭”，那些邪恶的鬼魂和幽灵也被净化了，天上人间的神仙也搬迁到了地面上来了，地球上生机勃勃，每一步都是欢声笑语，生活的乐趣无处不在。

Hello everyone. My name is .... I am a student of Grade eight . I am an outgoing , lovely girl and I am so welcomed by my friends and my classmates.

I often go to the movies with my friends on weekends. I can aslo play the violin and have won many prizes in the competitions. I take violin lessons twice a week.

It is a little hard for me but I am very happy , because I have a dream. I want to be a great violinist one day.

Thank you.

大家好。 我的名字是......我是八年级的学生。 我是一个外向的，可爱的女孩，受到我的朋友和同学的欢迎。

我经常在周末和朋友一起去看电影。 我也可以拉小提琴，并在比赛中赢得很多奖项。 我每周两次上小提琴课。

这对我来说有点难，但我很高兴，因为我有一个梦想。 我想成为一名伟大的小提琴手。

谢谢。

Environmental Pollution

Write a passage with the words and phrases given:

the problem of pollution, cause, artificial substances, release, waste products, industrial production, consumption of goods, bring it under control, agriculture, chemical substancea.

Environmental Pollution

I read a piece of news recently. It says that in Japan marly businessmen ave selling fresh air to customers.and now it is becoming more and more popular. Why? --Fresh air is getting less and less in Japan, and so is it in the U. S. A.

In fact, environmental pollution is a very serious problem the whole world is facing.

it is mainly caused by the waste products released from artificial substances, industrial

production and increased consumption of goods. Bedsides, the use of chemical substances

in agriculture also causes environmental pollution. Look at the sky, you can see that dense smoke is being released from the high and big chimneys; those dirty and poisonous substances are flowing into the rivers that we use for drinking water and millions of tons of waste products are heaping around us.

How to change this condition? More and more countries are trying to work out some effective means to bring it under control, but no great success has been made.

环境污染

最近我读了一则消息说在日本，许多商人向顾客出售新鲜空气，现在这种情况越演越烈，Environmental Pollution-环境污染，四六级写作《Environmental Pollution-环境污染》。为什么呢? 因为在日本新鲜空气越来越少，在美国也是如此。

事实上，环境污染是整个世界正在面临的一个严重问题。这主要是由于人造物质，工业生产过程中所产生的废料以及消费商品的增长造成的。另外，在农业中使用化学物品也造成了环境污染。看看天空，你可以看到浓烟从高大的烟囱中释放出来，这些脏而有毒的物质流入我们赖以饮水的河流，数百万吨废物正堆积在我们周围。

怎样改变这种状况呢？越来越多的国家正在试图拟定出一些有效措施控制环境污染，但至今成效不大。

[环境污染英语作文附翻译

Today is Friday. It is my thirteenth birthday. I got up very early in the

morning and put on my new clothes happily. My parents bought me the new clothes

as my birthday presents. I went to school earlier than before.I invited many of

my classmates to come to my birthday party in the evening.

今天是星期五，这是我13岁生日。我早早就起床愉快地穿上我的新衣服。我的父母给我买了新衣服做为生日礼物。我比以住早去上学，我邀请了许多同学在晚上来我的生日聚会。

Evening came at last. Many of my classmate came to my home. they bought me

lots of beautiful presents. they all said,"Happy birthday to you!" We sang

birthday songs happily.then my parents brought out a big birthday cake, saying,

"We love you for ever. Happy birthday!"

傍晚过后。我的许多同学来到我家，他们给我买了很多漂亮的礼物，他们说：“祝你生日快乐!”我们唱生日歌，我的父母拿出了一个大生日蛋糕，他们说：“我们永远爱你。祝你生日快乐!”

At the end of the party, we ate the birthday cake and some other delicious

food. How happy I was!

在派对的最后，我们吃了生日蛋糕和其他一些美食，我是多么幸福啊!

With the spread of the consciousness of environmental protection, the word

“low-carbon” has been very popular in life. We can find it in many aspects, such

as low-carbon products, low-carbon consumption, and low-carbon travel and so on.

Generally speaking, more and more people are advocating “low-carbon”

lifestyle.

As implied in the name, “low-carbon” lifestyle is a kind of new pattern of

lifestyle which aims to lowering the carbon dioxide emission in living as much

as possible. For example, some office workers are not proud of driving private

cars from work to home any more but pride themselves on riding or taking public

transportation. In addition, they advocate recycling water and saving energy as

much as they can.

As college students, we also make some contribution in our daily life to

reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide. For example, switch off the light

when leaving and save water. In addition, we should use our knowledge and action

to arouse others’ concern about the importance of lowering emission of carbon

dioxide and lead them to lead a “low-carbon” life.

My school life is very common. I get up at six o’clock every morningfrom Monday to Friday. And the I would go running with my classmates, as our head teacher says health is themost important thing. After running I have to do morning exercises on theplayground. Then I can have breakfast. Having breakfast, I need to have morningreading. Oh, I almost forget that all of the students have to do some cleaningbefore breakfast. There come the various classes. Then noon comes. Havinglunch, I will go to sleep. I often read twenty minutes before I fall asleep. I haveclass in the afternoon. And I still have classes at night. It’s boring, right? ButI have got used to it and enjoy myself at school.

我想：未来的生活将是一个用科技打造起来的城市，处处少不了高科技的独特风味，我想到：将来的高楼大厦，会用一种高科技的手法进行装修和建造，当然，在这样的一个奇妙的世界里，我还是更在意穿着的，将来的各种服装将变化极大，我想到了一种衣服，叫做“隐身衣”当然，那时的科技不会那么发达，但是我是这样想的，我所说的隐身衣，其实是比较透明的那种，和现在的防晒服有几分相像，但是有所不同。

未来不止是日常用品上的不同，还有在交通工具上变化的科技，比如飞机变成了可以自动飞的飞机，你只要一说你要去哪里，它会马上带你去，你若是在飞机上坐着累了，不需要服务员端茶倒水，飞机上配置一个机器人，想要什么只要拿起手中的控制器，并写下你需要什么，比如你写上“饮料”机器人就会马上给你拿。在人类世界中，除了科技带给人们的美好以外，还有一种，就是“飞行器”只要你需要出门，戴上“飞行器”就可以直接飞出家门，出去玩了。

在大街上也不需要环卫工了，有了“自动清扫机器人”一切都没有问题了！只要人类不再乱扔垃圾，就算脏了，机器人也会去扫，但是我有些不支持这个做法，因为如果这样，就会培养人们乱扔垃圾，反正有人扫地，我看这个机器人还是算了……

我相信总有一天，凭人类的头脑，一定可以获得这样美好的未来生活！

祝大家在未来的生活中开开心心！

Dear Friend Thank You For your Love

Dear friend Lucy， thank you for your love。 We get on well with each other in day-to-day lives。 As for my friend， you always help me with my study。 When I have a few difficulties， you always encourage me to get over difficulties。

Do you remember? Last semester， I forgot to do my homework。 So the next day， I wanted to copy your homework。 Because I really didn’t want to be criticized。 But you said you couldn’t lend your homework to me， it was very bad solution。 Even if I said I would never do it except this time。 Please lent me your homework。 But you still said maybe it would start a bad habit。 I should do my own homework。 So I was pretty angry。 I said I wouldn’t become your friend anymore。 A few days later， I thought I was sorry。 So I told you to forgot this thing。 I wanted to make friends with you。 And I was happy you said OK。

Now I ‘m certain you are my best friend。 Dear friend Lucy， thank you for your love。

[暑假生活英语优秀作文

Dear Mr Fu,

This is my first letter to you. Its a thank-you letter!

Thank you for what? Thank you for teaching me and helping me.

When I am in trouble, is your warm hand to help me, not when I want to give

up when you use your words to support me, I sincerely thank you! Thank you very

much!

In the coming Christmas, I would like to express my deep thanks to you

again!

I wish you good health and good luck in everything!

Your students

亲爱的复老师

这是我给你写的第一制封信，是一封感谢信!

感谢什么呢?感谢你对我的教导，对我的帮助。

在我困难的时候，是你伸出温暖的手帮助我了我，没当我想放弃的时候是您用您的话语支持了我，我衷心的谢谢您!谢谢!

在圣诞节到来之际，我再次向你表达我深深的谢意!

祝您是身体健康，万事如意!

您的学生

那是一个快乐的星期天，我和妈妈兴高采烈地坐着地铁去未来生活馆参观。

未来生活馆位于上海红星美凯龙家居城内。一走进家居城，我就被直达五楼的观光电梯吸引住了。我怀着好奇的心情，走进观光电梯，开始了未来之旅。

未来生活馆有两个场馆，五楼是2050生活馆，六楼是2500生活馆。未来的世界让我大开眼界，未来的餐厅可以和不在身边的家人朋友聊天、分享美食。未来可以利用电脑模拟搭配衣服；可以自由选择营养菜谱；可以进行自动化地管理；也可以驾驶飞行器去各地游玩……其中，最让我震撼的是环球立体荧幕，它向我们展示了神秘的2500未来世界。在那里，人们可以在森林、大海里快乐地生活；可以与鸟儿、鱼儿为伴；也可以驾驶着汽车在蔚蓝的天空自由飞行。

未来生活馆的一切，真是太神奇了！我仿佛坐上了时光飞机，穿梭到了未来。

My name is Xia Shunyao. Im eight years old, grade two in primary school. I have a round face, big black eyes, big ears. My hair is black and bright, also please. In fact, I want to keep a long braid, but mother is not let me stay, I do not agree, but there is no way, had to leave a short hair.

My mother told me that my name was very meaningful. Because of the Xia Dynasty is the first dynasty Chinese, Emperor Yao and shun China is the earliest and most kind-hearted monarch, mom and dad gave me this name, is the hope that Ill do.

I am a good student in my class. I can finish my homework every day on time. I can check it after I finish it. In class, I can speak actively and help the students, so the teacher chose me as her little assistant.

At home I often help my mother do the housework, such as tow the floor, wipe the table, help my mother to buy food. When my parents are out of work, I can also go to the canteen to eat.

You see, am I great? Would you like to be a friend with me?

我叫夏舜尧，今年八岁，上小学二年级。我有一张圆圆的脸，乌黑的大眼睛，大大的招风耳。我的头发又黑又亮，还有点卷。其实，我很想留长辫子，可是妈妈就是不让我留，我不同意，但也没办法，只好留了个短发。

妈妈告诉我，我的名字很有意义。因为夏朝是中国第一个朝代，尧帝和舜帝是中国最早的最善良的君主，爸爸妈妈给我取这个名字，是希望我将来大有作为。

我在班上是个好学生，每天的作业都能按时完成，做完后也能自己检查。上课时能积极发言，爱帮助同学，所以老师才选我当她的小助手。

在家里我经常帮妈妈干家务，比如拖地板、抹桌子，帮妈妈买菜。爸妈没下班的时候，我还能自己到食堂打饭吃呢。

你看，我是不是很棒?你愿意和我做朋友吗?

the lucky-number has become increasingly popular in daily life of mordern socialty. for example, the number eight means big money which people like most, while the number four means death.

some people believe lucky numbers so deeply that they will afford a telephone with numbers without four and others which is bad in their mind. they argue that the lucky-number really can bring good luck, and, at least, no evidence testify they can not.

as far as i am concerned, there is no such relationship betwwen the numbers and lucky, for the reason that numbers theirself are given certain meaning for the purpose of application of mathmetic. and, in addition, man should not depend on lucky which, in their mind, the numbers gives them.

Every May in Chinese lunar calendar is Dragon Boat Festival, do you know anything about it? Let me speak for you.

Once upon a time, there was a patriotic poet Qu Yuan, once he went to Beijing to go to work, see a decline of state variable, then vote Miluo River to commit suicide. Before he died, he wrote a poem. People in order to commemorate the patriotic poet, the annual Lunar New Year in May at the beginning of a dragon boat festival.

The main contents of the Dragon Boat Festival is the dragon boat racing, zongzi.

Dragon boat racing scene is very lively, crowded shore. Just listen to the sound of gunfire, paddled boat people desperately, but the river is full of cheering.

Rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves, is for filling, with glutinous rice. When the package is very sticky, not professionals, but the package is not good!

According to legend, the dragon boat race is to salvage the Miluo River to die of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Threw rice dumplings into the river, is to let the fish and shrimp to eat, not eat Qu Yuans body.

你预想过未来吗？谁也说不准未来的生活是什么样子的。有人会想拥有一辆可以用语音控制的汽车；还有人会想自己做出一台家务机器人；而我未来要做的是一种智能汽车，它的名字叫“海陆空智能语音汽车”。

它拥有直升机飞行时用的螺旋桨，越野车宽大的轮胎，还拥有能使潜水艇在水下航行用的螺旋桨。并且它是由智能机器人来控制的，只要对机器人说出指令和要到达的目的地，它就会自动运行，把你带到任何你想去的地方。它的外形虽然像汽车，但是它的速度要比汽车快很多，开起来就像风一样。

我每次出行都会坐它去。我走到它的面前说“开”这个字时，它就会自动把我放入车内，然后它会问我要去哪儿里，只要告诉它地点是哪儿，它就会带你到达目的地。如果遇见堵车，我会说“飞”，它就会立刻变成直升飞机，像老鹰一样在天空中自由的飞翔。如果遇见大海，它就会马上变成潜水艇，潜入海底，像鱼儿一样在海里自由的穿梭。它还会缩小，变成手掌般大小的汽车，平时我可以把它放进背包里，需要它的时候再把它变大。

未来是创造的时间，未来是科技发达的时间，未来是我们努力、奋斗的时间。

听了我的讲解，你是不是也想拥有一辆这样的汽车呢？

导语：你觉得100年后的人类生活是怎么样的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

nobody can tell what would be the life like after one hundred years or, at least the ordinary people like us can not do that. however from level of development of todays technology and science, one thing that everyone can be sure about is that life of future will definitely be much more easy and convenient than the life of today(provided only if the environmental issues do not get worse). moreover, many new stuff will be created or rather i should use the word invented in order to satisfy the needs of people of our future generations. with these new creations ,inventions and technologies, things like travelling on the moon or some other planets for vacation with our families, which would only happen in our dreams at present age will possibly become true in one hundred years time. what is more, those new creations may also allow the scientist of that time to not only carry out their researches on land but in the deep blue occean as well, what i mean is that they could live under the sea and do their study just like how they did it on the land for as long as they want. people could almost do anything they like without leaving their houses, they could just simply make some click on the keyboard to satisify their every needs like shopping and body check-up. and parents of the time do not need to worry about the education problems of their children because internet could provide everything they need and want to learn about. by that time, maids or servants will no longer be needed as robot would have replaced them to be the mechanical housework expert of the new era.

【参考译文】

没人知道一百年后的生活会是什么样子，或者至少像我们这样的普通人是不会这样做的。然而，从当今技术和科学的发展水平来看，每个人都可以肯定的是，未来的生活肯定比今天的生活简单得多(如果环境问题不恶化的话)。此外，许多新的东西将被创造，或者更确切地说，我应该使用“发明”这个词，以满足后代人的需要。有了这些新的发明、发明和技术，像在月球上或其他星球上和我们的家人一起度假，这些事情只会发生在我们现在的梦想中，可能在一百年内实现。更重要的是，这些新的造物也让当时的科学家不仅开展他们的研究土地但在深蓝色的海洋一样，我的意思是，他们能生活在海中，做他们的研究就像他们是只要他们想要的土地。人们几乎可以做任何事情，他们没有离开他们的房子，他们可能只是做一些点击键盘来满足他们的每一个需求，喜欢购物和身体检查。那时的父母不必担心孩子的教育问题，因为互联网可以提供他们所需要和想要学习的一切。到那时，不再需要女佣或佣人，因为机器人将取代他们成为新时代的“机械家务专家”。

Saving Water

The world is not only hungry,but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75 % of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% -- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes,underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.

However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly-- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small exampie of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel, it takes about 91, 000 liters of water?

We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only on a small scale. For us, the systems are as important as the spacecraft.

节约用水

我们的世界不仅饥饿，而且因为缺水而干渴。对你来说这可能似乎奇怪：因为我们的地球表面75%由水覆盖着。但是，这巨大的数量中97%是海水、或咸水。只有剩下3%

的来自河流、湖泊、地下，和其他来源的淡水供人们饮用、使用。即使如此，这3%的水源我们也不能够完全使用，因为有些淡水是以冰山或冰河的形式存在。更糟糕的是，一些水源已遭受了污染。

然而，尽管按现状看来，这些少量的淡水即使时常转化成雨水的形式，对我们来说，也仍然够用。可是我们对水的需求却日益迅速增长。我们只有现在采取措施解决这一问

题才能避免未来世界范围内的严重水资源缺乏。限量供水会对农业和工业产生不良的影响。我们举个小小的事例就能证明水对工业的必要性。每生产一吨钢材就要消耗91，000升水，你知道吗?

我们必须杜绝对宝贵水资源的浪费。我们应该采取的第一步就是要发展水再利用的方法。该领域的实验已在进行，但是仅是小规模地进行。水资源再利用系统的重要性

对我们而言，与空间站不相上下。

The summer vacation is coming. I will do my homework first so I am going to

do my homework every morning. In the afternoon， I will play basketball and table

tennis with my friends. In the evening I will read English and listen to English

program. Sometimes I will go and visit my grandparents and help them do some

housework. I am going to take a piano class. My parents and I will go to Hainan

for about a week. I believe I will have a busy and interesting summer

vacation.

暑假即将到来.首先我要做好我的功课，所以我要每一天早上做功课.下午，我将我的朋友们一齐玩篮球和乒乓球.在晚上，我会读英语，听英语课程.有时我会去访问我的祖父母和帮忙他们做一些家务.我要带一个钢琴班.我的父母和我将前往海南为一个星期左右.我相信我将有一个忙碌而搞笑的暑假.

据网上报道显示，人大代表提出高考取消英文科目，赞同人数高达百分之八十二，这一话题也成为当今许多同学的热议，很多人认为：中国人学好国语就行，为何要学习外国的语言。

我认为英语成为我们学生的学习主科有其道理性和针对性的针对学生的发展未来。从对国家发展来看英语占全世界的国家讲的人数虽不是最多的，但却是分布的最广乏于国家的，包括很多的发达国家，中国学习这门语言对走出世界，同其他国家交流沟通发挥了很大的作用，如果取消这门沟通语言之门便少了日后中国发挥国际地位中的作用，众所周知，中国早已加入世界贸易组织，若贸然作出取消英语科目的决定，其进一步从长远地发展眼光看便可想而知。

作为学生，许多人的其他科目优势都能被英语这门科目好多了，但无论如何学好英语对学生的将来只有利大于弊，如果其他都学好只有英语差，对将来是不利的，要想睁大眼睛看世界，就得努力使自己插上翅膀飞出中国面对多样化，缤纷多彩的世界，到一个发达的地区闯出一片天，再把自己的国家发展好。

义务教育阶段时期在小学时便把语文，数学英语，这三门科目定为了主要学习科目，其实英语只要从小学基础打起，便觉得好学，多听，多说，脑海里会自然形成像语文那样会听，会说的一种能力。

今天，老师让我们想象一下未来的生活是什么样的，我一下子就穿越到了20年以后。

20年以后，我家的东西用手机来控制的很多，其中，我最想改变的是我家的门。它的特点有两种，如果你出了家门，走出很远之后，忘记是否关门了，就可以在很远的地方用手机来操作，把门锁上，这个功能是专门为妈妈设计的，因为她总是忘记关没关门。如果人已经在门外了，门就会扫描身体，看一看是外人还是家人，是家人就可以顺利进门，如果是外人，而且硬要闯进去，门就会自动关闭，还会自动报警。还有，我希望我家的车是这样的：车的雨刷器不用手来操作，如果下雨和下雪时，它可以根据雨、雪的大小自动控制速度，雨和雪落在前风挡上，雨刷器就是正常的长度，如果雨和雪落在车盖上，雨刷器就会变长，把车盖上的雨雪清理干净，也为洗车减轻了负担。

这些仅是我想象的丰富多彩的未来生活的一部分，现在我要好好学习，为实现这样的生活而努力。

端午节，我想打个电话给外公，却按错了键，按了“未来键”。“喂，外公，好久没打电话给你啦，端午节快乐!”“咦，你是谁啊?我才32岁呢，什么外公啊!”我迷惑不解，又问：“你是?”“我是李权苡啊!”话机里传来了这样的回应。我更奇怪了，我不就是李权苡吗?还有同名同姓的?我又说：“我也是李权苡啊!”“哦，你的话机是不是未来话机?”“嗯。”我回答道。“那你应该按了‘未来键’，与20年后的你通话了!”真的?那好，顺便问候一下未来的我吧!我问：“你现在干什么职业?”“电脑工程师和建筑工程师。”

哇!那可是我最大的理想啊!我又问：“你怎么工作的呢?”“每月完成一个新软件，每天去工地考察，画设计图，很方便的呢!软件开发程序只要想好设计图，电脑会帮你画好，模拟程序;而建筑方面只要有顾客就行了，设计图早已画了很多份，只要指示工人，指示机器就行了，有种机器只要装入设计图，就会自动帮你建，不完美的地方就叫工人改······”我很惊讶，想不到长大后这么爽!

可是，自从那次通话后，我的成绩一直滑滑梯，我没去理会，心想：“反正以后会有好生活的，用得着学习吗?”过了一个月，我又和未来的我通话了，话机里一片咒骂声：“好可恶的你，小学时不好好学习，害得我现在连打电话的花费都没有了!

这是别人施舍的钱，哎!老大徒伤悲啊······都怪你，都怪你······”听到这，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，我竟然会······是个乞丐!我又回到书房前，摊开一张纸，写上“黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟!”的字样，专心致志的学习了······