英语著作读后感（热门20篇）

These days, I finished reading a book, called "oliver twist"

"Oliver twist" is one of the biggest British novelist, Charles Dickenss 1838 novel, is also one of his representative works.

This book reflects the early 19th century British society at the bottom of the life, the hero oliver, let me very sympathetic to the sad. He was 11 years old, but in life, every day do not have enough to eat and wear not warm, and a few times go den, but he didnt and they together crime, would rather tortured colluding with them, and with a strong will to resist the bad bullying and temptation, later merry lady saved oliver, and took him in. After a period of time, and oliver lived a happy life.

After read this book, my heart cant be calm once in a long time, the heroines age and I like big, but, compared with his, our life is how of happiness, but we still dont meet, meet a little difficult, give up, lack of willpower. I want to learn oliver, strong quality, overcome all difficulties and obstacles, to cherish everything now, study hard, become a useful person to society.

这几天，我读完了一本书，名字叫《雾都孤儿》

《雾都孤儿》是英国最大的小说家——狄更斯在1838年创作的一部长篇小说，也是他的代表作之一。

这本书反映了19世纪初英国社会最底层的生活，主人公奥利弗尔悲惨遭遇让我非常同情。他才11岁，却过着非人的生活，每天吃不饱，穿不暖，并且几次误入贼窝，但他没有和他们一起犯罪，宁肯受尽折磨也不和他们同流合污，并且用坚强的意志抵制坏人的威逼和诱惑，后来梅里夫人救了奥利弗尔并且好心收留了他。经过一段时间，奥利弗过上了幸福的生活。

看完这本书后，我的心情久久不能平静，文中主人公的年龄和我一样大，可是，和他相比，我们的生活是多么的幸福，但是我们却还是不满足，遇到一点小小的困难，就放弃，缺少意志力。我要学习奥利弗尔的坚强品质，克服一切艰难险阻，珍惜现在的一切，刻苦学习，成为一个对社会有用的人。

hat a brave and kind girl!She is a rich familys princess,her father really love Alice ago,However,once her father had something wrong in the accident,so the teacher was cruelty to Alice,but I find that the Alice is very brave and outgoing,she never said someting scared or something bad,she just continue and grow,soon,a mircle was that Alice get a friend of her father,so she could get a good life and start a happy life again,yeah,Alice is a good princess,As a little princess,she didnt hate nobody even her teacher a terrible miss.At the moment,I just want to say that something you should insist,a good sentence,All road lead to the Rome,and Everything is possible,she can be a severnt from a princess,but after she insist,so she become a princess again,I like the girl-Alice

my favorite book my favorite book is wrote by antoine de saint-exupery. i still remember the first time i read the book, i was like in a fantastic world. the little prince is a boy who has an angelical heart, his life is also very simple-a small planet which is full of flowers and monkey bread tree seedlings. the little prince is always depressed, and when he was sad, he would sit on a chair and see the sunset. he even see forty-three times sunset in a day to make himself feel better. his life turned to a new appearance when a beautiful rose came out. she is a flower with proud, when her lie was exposed by the little prince, she felt embarrassed. the small misunderstanding between them made the little prince determined to leave the planet he lived on. on his all-alone journey, the little prince meets different kinds of people, which includes a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. from these people he gets a conclusion that the grown-ups are very odd. following the instruction of the geographer, he descends in the sahara, on the earth.

Guy de Maupassant（18501893）， one of the greatest critical realist writers in the world, is considered as one of three kings of world short story。 Maupassant created six novels and 359 medium forms during his brief lifetime, engendering a momentous effect on the later literature. And it’s his maiden work, Suet Ball that won him world-wide prestige.

In1870, with the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the real-based story Suet Ball happened. The heroine of the story is a humble harlot called Suet Ball. With a group of French residents of Rouen, recently occupied by the Prussian army, the 11 travelers are on their way fleeing to Le Havre in a stagecoach. In virtue of the appalling weather, the stagecoach moves rather slowly and has just covered a few miles by midday. Initially, those occupants snub Suet Ball whereas their attitudes alters with the emergence of a basket filled with scrumptious food and she caters for those hungry travelers selflessly.

The carriage doesn’t stop until they blunders into a Prussian-held territory called T?tes. A Prussian officer detains the coach with no definite reasons. In the next two days, the occupants wait with barely concealed impatience and eventually Suet Ball tells that they will be detained perpetually unless she approves of sleeping with the officer. Out of her patriotism, Suet Ball gives him a point-blank refusal. As it should be, those travelers behave furiously to the officer"s arrogance while during the next two days, they exemplify logic and morality in diverse ways to convince Suet Ball of its validity. What a kind-hearted girl! Finally Suet Ball gives up and sacrifices her body for everyone’s freedom.

The next morning, they are permitted to leave. But those "representatives of Virtue" totally neglect Suet Ball, casting scathing sights on the poor young woman while even disdaining talking to her and rejecting sharing their food with her in the same way that she did at the beginning. From their perspectives, Suet Ball turns out to be no more utilizable and should be condemned for her ashamed conduct. As the stagecoach travels deeper into the night, she seethes with rage against those hypocrites, and ultimately weeps for her lost dignity.

In this story, Maupassant highlighted the intense comparison between Suet Ball and the so-called nobles. Rapacity, hypocrisy, sexuality and nobility intertwine in the spotlight，eulogizing the underclass’ patriotism and lampooning the sham of the aristocracy. Maupassant portrays the inhabitants of the stagecoach in varied disparaging ways. The most luminous character belongs to the two nuns. At first they are portrayed as tranquil and subservient to Lord and demonstrate their fiery patriotic desire to dedicate to their motherland rather than a sordid intention like the other passengers: the nuns profess to haste to a military hospital to heal the wounded French soldiers, hence presenting the argument towards instigating Suet Ball to abandon her resistance. How absurd it is! Nuns are supposed to take strait vows and treat others benevolently. They fill Suet Ball"s head with arguments, arguing that it is not morally wrong to sleep with the officer in order to let the travelers leave, and that the longer she waits, the more young French soldiers will die as the nuns are not there to look after them. Superficially, they claim that it is for the good of the country but indeed they’re just taking advantage of her. Suet Ball"s resistance to the officer"s sexual advances again indicate her patriotism. Cruel wars have stripped all the external stuffs. In contrast to all of these is Suet Ball, a prostitute, revealed to be the most fiercely patriotic, virtuous, and morally admirable character, which Maupassant contrasts with the hypocrisy and snobbery of the others.

It is arguably Maupassant’s most famous short story. The carriage constitutes a microcosm of French society as a whole. And the narrative techniques of this story are rather sophisticated and carefully conceived. On balance, a real noble person like Suet Ball can’t be judged by the appearance or the occupation, his/ her moral quality will glitter when confronting the real ordeal. Consequently, I deem that Suet Ball is worth reading lingeringly, savoring every word.

Recently， I have read a very interesting book， the Adventures of Tom Sawyer。 And the companion volume is the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn。 This book described an American boy， Tom Sawyer’s fantastic adventure。 The author of this novel is one of my favorite writers， Mark Twain， who was honored as the literary giant and was good at writing satirical novels。 The reason that I enjoy Mark Twain’s composition is that he always brought me into a funny world by using very simple description but perfect writing skills and attractive story structures。 Nevertheless， when I finished reading his words， I would think some deeper and serious things that he wanted to convey to us。 The style of Mark Twain’s composition is humorous but actually very sharp， which exposed the weakness and the hypocrite of human nature and expressed his desiring for a perfect and ideal world。

You don"t know about me if you haven"t read a book called the Adventures of Tom Sawyer。 Mr。 Mark Twain wrote the book and most of it is true。 The heroin of this novel， Tom Sawyer， was a brave and active boy。 But he got tired of his family， his school as well as the church。 He was not satisfied with a hidebound life but dreamed of a free and venturesome life。 This naughty but clever boy lost his parents since child。 Thus he lived with his aunt who loved him very much。 He always escaped from school， and played various games with his friends。 He even fell in love with a girl and tried again and again to win her favor。 One day， Tom and his friend Huck came across a murdering。 An Indian Joe killed a doctor because of disagreement and imputed it to another partner Porter。 The two young boys were extremely frightened and decided to keep the secret。 But actually Tom was anxious all the time。 After that， Tom had conflict with the girl， he leaved at home with Huck angrily and started their adventure。 People in the town thought that they had died。 When they held funeral for these boys， Tom and his friends appeared。 Since then， Tom became hero in school， and reconciled with that girl。 Soon， the court was about to judge that murder case。 When everyone considered Porter as the murderer， Tom bravely exposed the true murderer Joe。 But unfortunately， Joe ran away， so Tom was trapped into enormous anxiety。 Once time， Tom met a partner of Joe in a haunted house。 He heard that they would go to find treasure。 Several days later， Tom went to a picnic with his friends。 But he and the girl Becky got lost in a cave。 They had suffered from hunger， thirsty， darkness and coldness for days in that cave。 Worse still， they found that Indian Joe also in that cave。 This time， all the town folk believed that they must have die。 Especially Tom’ aunt and Thatcher were in deep sorrow。 Beyond people’ expectation， Tom and Becky found the way， and was sent to their home by others。 And because of this accident， the cave was sealed。 When Tom heard that， he told the judge that Joe was still stay at that cave。 When the judge fetched someone to check it， Joe had died in the cave。 Then， Tom and Huck got into that cave again， and found the treasure that Joe and his partner were finding。 Tom got a happy ending， he became a rich man and was popular in his town。

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a clear reflection of the child"s life is full of Children"s novels。 I have to say that clever Tom reminded me of my childhood。 We always lost something as we grow up and gradually got lost in our life。 A child would not tell lies to other， a child would speak out their feelings without hesitation， a child would care too much about other’s opinions， and a child would bravely do what they wanted。 Likewise， in that time， people were pretty reserve， and they did not dare to tell their own ideas， neither fight against the tradition。 But Tom was brave。 He challenged the tradition。 He never restricted himself into school or homework like other child， he loved adventure and different challenges instead。 He exposed the true murderer even though he might be dangerous。 So the author Mark Twain designed a good ending for Tom。

It was Mark Twain’s humor that attracted me most。 But there was not only humor， people who read his books would learn something serious。 He told us： tell the truth forever， such of words you need not record you to once say somewhat。 Someone said that Mark Twain gave pleasurereal intellectual enjoyment to millions， and his work will continue to give such pleasure to millions yet to come。 His humor was American， but he was nearly as much appreciated by Englishmen and people of other countries as by his own countrymen。 He has made an enduring part of American literature。

In a word， I gained much from this fantastic novel， and learned a lot from Tom Sawyer。 And I believe that these harvests will have great effects on my whole life。

Black BeautyThe Autobiography of a Horse by Anna SewellSummaryBlack Beauty was the only book written by Anna Sewell, although its continued popularity among children, particularly girls, has justified that effort. Sewell was, remarkably, paid only twenty pounds for the book and it was published three months before her death, in 1877. However, its immediate success gave her great pleasure and she died in the knowledge that the book had indeed encouraged people to treat animals less cruelly.It is the autobiography of a horse, the black Beauty of the title, who narrates it. Through various owners who ask different tasks of Black Beauty, he grows and has numerous adventures. He goes from being a riding and carriage horse through being a mistreated town cab horse to eventual happiness in a secure home. Notably, the animal keeps strength and good temper throughout his suffering and the story was extremely influential as pro-animal propaganda but it is also an extremely exciting and moving childrens story.

导语：中国正面临着环境污染问题， 我们需要每个人来保护我们的环境，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

阅读下面摘自 China Daily 的一则简讯，写一篇100词左右的读后感

River Pollution

A great deal of dead fish can be found floating on the surface of the Huaihe River(淮河), because of serious pollution this summer. In a report, Anhui Daily called on residents (居民) to help protect the river against pollution.

要求：1 必须包括对上述主要内容的感想，可以适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整。

2 词数：100左右

Chinese people are now face to a serious problem--pollution. And this problem is a little bit different from others--the goverment can not solve it by themselves. We need everyone to protect our environment. But we also know that it is very hard to call everyone to join us to protect the environment. But it seems that they have found the way to let everybody know it. In a report, Anhui Daily called on residents to help protect the river against pollution. I am so glad about it. And i believe that somewhere the pollution must stop.

【翻译】

中国人现在面临着一个严重的问题污染。这个问题有点不同，政府不能自己解决。我们需要每个人来保护我们的环境。但我们也知道，很难叫大家加入我们保护环境。但似乎他们已经找到了让每个人都知道的方法。在一份报告中，安徽日报呼吁居民帮助保护河流免受污染。我很高兴。我相信某处的污染必须停止。

"The wizard of oz" is a book rich in knowledge and truth, which makes me learn a lot.Every chapter of the story deserves to be savored.

The story of the girl rosie, aunt em, and uncle Henry live on a ranch in Kansas.By a whirlwind to a strange place.Under the guidance of the good witch of oz, she set out on her way home and eventually overcame all the difficulties to get home.

On her way home she met many of her friends, even though she encountered many difficulties and dangers.A scarecrow with no brain.& other;A tin man with no heart.& other;A lion without courage.Help her get through this.Let me really understand the importance and value of friendship.Sometimes I wonder: if rosie gets to that strange place without the help of these friends, she will never come home to her aunt and uncle.It is possible to fall into the street and become a slave, which makes me feel the importance of friends again.And my classmates sometimes laugh at each other and start fighting when they have something small.I think we should help each other, build friendship, love each other, unite together, do not quarrel over a little thing, and destroy the friendship between friends.

, of course, not just because of the power of friendship to create the perfect ending, but also because of their good wishes for their own unremitting efforts, whether it is by how many setbacks, how many difficulties, but they still insist on.I admire their noble qualities.

On that thrilling journey, they could not go on because of a great ditch across the road.At this moment, it seems to us that their journey is about to stop.Then the scarecrow came forward.The cowardly lion also stood up and jumped out of the ditch, and when everyone reached the other side, the lion was tired and out of breath.

This book appeals to me not only the wonderful story but also the inspiration it brings to me.The most prominent point is: to do everything must have perseverance, persistence, only has success, only has the rainstorm after the rainbow.

Im far from the main characters.Once, my mother helped me with a brush shift, and at the beginning I studied with enthusiasm, but after a few days, I found it very boring.I started off in class;He didnt finish the homework assigned by the teacher.After reading this book, I finally understand that I need to persevere, to conquer myself, not to be afraid of difficulties, and finally to see the rainbow after the wind and rain.

My favorite is the story of the last chapter, although only a few words, but it can be the end of the story that rosie has been so hard to get home.It contained a spirit of perseverance and courage to overcome difficulties.

[绿野仙踪英语读后感

One of my favorite characters in the "little women" is Joe. Because she is lively and cheerful personality, like Laurie said "a minute ago shed tears, then smiled again!" Informal, she would put her hands in her pockets, and blow whistle, would wear red and grey color of rowing, wearing big ripped and old hat; Her sisters ridicule from dont care, because she really loves her family, is better than a love oneself. When sister beth acceptance of suffering, Jo crying sadly, I am moved by: sisters deep!

I admire most is Joes strong, she never complain about lifes hard blindly, but again and again get up the courage to confront with the test. She rarely appears the weak side, make you mood depressing. When mother to go to see her sick father, Joe sold his hair has been proud day 25 yuan of money, and said "cut off the head of hair, now I can also brain puzzle, my head and light and that", but in the evening she sad for his hair in the bed. She is a vibrant, optimistic girl, people more courage and strength to the home. She can calmly face the life, love for her sake, rationally choose, also because of this, she won the respect of people and the success of the literary creation. The end of the novel, she has turned into a beautiful butterfly, as her mothers gentle, optimistic, full of love.

《小妇人》中我最喜欢的人物是乔。因为她活泼开朗的性格，像劳里所说的一样“一分钟前掉眼泪，转眼又笑了!”不拘小节的她，会双手插进衣袋，吹起口哨，会穿红灰两色的划艇衣，再戴顶又破又旧的大帽子;她对姐妹们的嘲笑从不在乎，因为她非常爱自己的亲人，胜过爱自己。当妹妹贝思受理病痛折磨时，乔伤心地失声痛哭，令我感动：真是姐妹情深!

我最敬佩的是乔的坚强，她从不一味地抱怨生活的艰难，而是一次次鼓足勇气，勇敢面对重重考验。她很少把懦弱的一面表现出来，使大家心情沉闷。当母亲要去看望病重的父亲时，乔把自己一直引以自豪的满头秀发卖了25元钱，并说“现在剪掉这头乱发，我还可以健脑益智，我的脑袋变得又轻便又好使”，可是晚上她又在被窝里为自己的头发而伤心。她是一个充满活力，乐观向上的女孩，给家人们更多的勇气与力量。她能平静地面对生活，为她爱着的人着想，理智地做出选择，也正因为如此，她获得了人们的尊重与文学创作的成功。小说的最后，她已蜕变成一只美丽的蝴蝶了，像她的母亲一样温柔、乐观、充满爱心。

After reading this novel,I learned something about how British classical upper-class behaved and their standards of choosing spouse.Even in the same family,they had various thoughts about marriage.Jane and Lizzy wanted to marry someone they really loved,while Lydia and Kitty preferred to find someone funny.Their parents thought highly of family wealth,and the young thought it less important.However,most of them still had a ranking sense.They wanted to marry someone with similar fortune,similar social position.

I love this story and enjoy reading it.

I read in this winter vacation.I like Canterbury Tales very much.

The Canterbury Tales is not only a collection.It is have many functions.

For example:

(1):It shows a broad picture of the society.Pilgrims from all walks of life: the knight, monks, scholars, lawyers, businessmen, craftsmen, farmers, Miller.

(2):It adopts various literary genre of the middle ages, a knight legend, hagiography, sermon, fable.

(3):Description and story of the characters of the total sequence and opening itself interesting, full of humor.

(4):Characteristics on the narrators own language, each story reflects the narrator identity, interest, hobbies, occupation and life experience.

Works of humor and irony, strong sense of comedy, in which most stories with double rhyme verse, influence on later English literature.Figures.

It is a great book.

[书虫的英语读后感

有一个在城堡。皇家清洁工给告诉女皇，一开始不能有乱七八糟的朋友。国王哈利认为我们可以尽量将城堡变得整洁。女皇诺拉不休息。公主简写了一份通知。她把这份通知贴在了城堡的门上。清洁工希望能得到一个更高的薪水才去拜访城堡。日子一天天过去，没人来问关于清洁的工作。这个城堡变得非常脏。一天早上，皇后诺拉看到了一个令人震惊的意见。国王哈利在做饭。史密斯队长在拖地。琼斯上尉洗女王诺拉的皇家衬衫，女皇认为你应该去与龙战斗。但他们不这么认为。女王诺拉非常伤心，便去了皇家旅行。三个戴着面具的人站在那里。整天这个蒙面女子在城堡里清洁、打扫、洗。公主简认为他们会偷东西。公主简走到她背后。她抓住了桌布拉过来用奶清洗了一下。二公主简关闭了那个按钮。三公主简匍匐在她身后。最后，其他两个清洁工原来队长史密斯和琼斯上尉琼斯。女皇诺拉结束她的皇室之旅，她高兴地发现了城堡又恢复了整齐和干净。

When people really want to do it, God just happens to mean the beginning, and go back on, shameless the.

Undeniably, the opportunity is the wait for anyone, it is not passive, not waiting for you to analyze, analyze it, consider this, consider that a series of trivial events, and then decided to do it. Perhaps it is itself a fleeting Wizard, which is the test of courage and guts, wisdom and soul. It does not mean that all things should not be thoughtful, careful Clofibrate conduct, and if so, what we were in ancient times? Of course, opportunity and a need to treasure, you need to take advantage of, opportunities have come across are very difficult to fully and thoroughly to take advantage of, but it is difficult. How to better perfect it is a priority.

The policeman, not a claim has been given many opportunities than it? The cable does not do this than to understand what, just keep endlessly kept in mind for his so-called target to continue to play a life, clown, never tired. And lucky him, the total in the stage has written slip, but in the end was as a joke, laughed.

A drama in the end, which means another Drama begins. The police is concerned, only to routine; on the reader, but near the end; of life is concerned, only a small episode; of the writer is concerned, it is a good plot; on the audience, the only worthy of a ticket; on Soapy, it is a new idea of life close to, for he had the ignorance to pay, value is what he does not escape from his hand, he may be able to reverse the fate of the Opportunity and its contempt for the lessons learned in the final result.

If he will blame anyone, so that he does deserve it; if he can only blame himself, then he can say to yourself out loud: Three months, not too long, I will cherish and seize the time each day . well, in fact, did not run away, but I ignored. wait for it

Well, in fact, did not go far. Yes, a lot of happiness to dominate, the opportunity is one of them. Do not wait until God impatient, after all, he has emotions, give you played rough, then, as if too lacking in human touch of the. But their suffering.

Cherish the people or things around them, they change every day, but we are too busy, did not see. Opportunity is like a chance encounter, a good thing. Take advantage of, the benefits of it to play the extreme, it is a beauty thing. A person"s life will be all sorts of conditions, each of the significance of the situation is very different, very different. Select a different situation, a different life, a different fate, a different change So, we have to opportunity, transparent, fully see, so that would not go astray friends.

If the contrary, the outcome would be like Soapy: horror, realize that they have plunged into the abyss, the fallen years, shameful desire, despair, only poor intellectual exhaustion, motivation despicable.

Not grasp the opportunity to meet, are fools; not met but know how to grasp opportunities is talent; both opportunities and understanding of how the event is a genius.

浩瀚的宇宙、神秘的地球，以及那些目前为止人类尚不足以弄明白的事物总是像磁铁般地吸引着有着强烈好奇心的人们，《时间简史》读后感。无论是年少的还是年长的，人们总是去不断的学习，为的是能更好地了解我们周围的各种事物。身为二十一世纪新一代的青年，我们有责任也更有义务去学习、了解、研究我们所处的环境。为此出于强烈的好奇心，利用暑假难得的机会我认真地读了霍金先生写的《时间简史》一书，读完之后掩卷长思，细细的领略其中的哲理，让人耳目一新。

《时间简史》的重点就是概述黑洞和宇宙奇点大爆炸理论，它从爱因斯坦的相对论开始一步一步的探讨，补充了广义相对论中的一些不足。作者认为宇宙是从一个密度、时空曲率无限大的奇点通过大爆炸而开始的，在大爆炸中，物质的温度非常高。在随后过去的一秒钟中，宇宙的温度急剧下降，下降到大约100亿摄氏度，于此同时也在不断地膨胀，就使得正电子和反电子(带正电荷的电子)互相碰撞以此湮灭，并释放出大量光粒子，来维护宇宙的平衡。到了后来，得以有强力的作用从而使物质不断聚拢，聚拢，这就形成了古老的星球和星际物质。我们的地球，也是通过这样的物质聚拢才形成的。

而书中的另一伟大成就是对黑洞的研究，黑洞最开始是爱因斯坦在《相对论》一书中作出的一个预测，他假设如果存在一空间的曲率非常大，物体的逃逸速度非常快，快到连光也不能逃离这样的空间。那么这样的空间可以称之为“黑洞”。但他认为既然连光也不能逃离黑洞，那么我们也无法观测到它，它名副其实是一个非常黑的洞。但霍金结合了爱因斯坦的相对论和量子理论后提出：黑洞其实不“黑”，它可以放射出正反粒子，而且它还有这很高的温度。正因为它放射出的正反粒子互相湮灭了，所以我们很难观测到它。黑洞以极高的速度放射能量，当能量耗尽时则会向宇宙大爆炸那样从一个奇点发生强烈的爆炸，并在宇宙中消亡。

如果我们可以时间旅行，我们回到过去的时间。因为空间和时间是连续的，过去的空间和过去的时间已经成为现在的空间和现在的时间，我们也就是回到了现在。这有意义吗，我们从现在回到现在?我无法想象我们过去的某一时刻的时间和空间仍然在某个地方以某种形式存在，它们明显已延续成了现在，读后感《《时间简史》读后感》。如果它们以某种形式存在的话，那意味着每一个时刻都象照片一样静止，并且是绝对静止在一个地方。这是错误的。我还没有想说时间旅行不可能，只是想假设空间和时间的速度比光快。时间的速度是个什么概念，这似乎象水里燃烧的火一样无法想象?

太阳光要经过八分钟到达地球这句话里有两个内容。一是光的速度，二是时间的长度。我们所认识的时间，是我们地球围绕太阳运转的时间，这是一个人为的划分，之后我们才测量出光的速度。我们一直把时间当成一种长度，似乎它的速度无穷大，只要物质达到那里，时间同时也达到了那里。时间的速度就是宇宙膨胀的速度，它应该比光的速度快。这样的推导，将推出宇宙是有限的结论。

为什么我们总是记住过去而不是未来，为什么时间总是向前进?

这里必须关心一下时间的方向，只有时间有方向的时候才可能出现时间旅行。这必然出现前后和里外之分，它必然有起点和现在的位点，那么宇宙就有了一个边界，宇宙就是有限的。只有当我们低于时间的速度时，我们才相对于时间向后运动，我们才能回到过去。就是说，所有的物体在相对于宇宙的时候都和时间同速，宇宙里的一切都在随时间向前运动。如果我们超过时间的速度走到时间之前，那里还没有空间没有时间没有一切，那里还是混沌状态，在那里不会看到任何东西，我们也不能在那里存在。

另外，佛教说：三十六重天，十八层地狱。似乎与九有关的倍数都有很大的魔力。

书里比较吸引我的令一个说法是“空间和时间变成动力量。当一个物体运动或一个力作用时，它影响空间和时间的曲率;反过来，空间——时间的结构影响了物体运动和力的作用方式。空间和时间不仅去影响，而且被发生在宇宙中的每一件事所影响。”

这段话看起来，似乎说得和全息论是一个道理，但是前面的光锥理论明显和这个理论有矛盾。这使我很困惑。

后来我才发现，光锥是从狭义相对论推出的;那段话是从广义相对论推出的。

越来越发现，霍金好像一个哲学家，他几乎总是在思考着令我们无法想像的东西。但这本书无

疑使我产生了对外太空的兴趣!我不得不承认霍金真的很伟大，他让我发现物力除了头疼的公式和数字外，还有许多令人叹为观止的奇妙世界!

读完一篇（部）作品，会有很多感想和体会，这就是所谓读后感。下面小编带来的是黑骏马英语读后感，希望对你有帮助。

The black horse is a classic novel of the European literary world in nineteenth Century. The content of this book is wonderful, which explains the heros "black horse" spent in the human family. He met a good man and trained him well. He never overtired him, but he also met with a layman who could not drive a horse drawn carriage. The hero of the novel "black horse" dark horse is a horse pretty good seed, he was living in the noble family, eat a good diet, well trained, character is very gentle and kind. And he was smart, witty and brave, and both his master and his family liked him very much. But good times dont last long, home owners have events, the black horse was forced to sell his company was bought many times, during this time, he met with a variety of people: a drink on the drunk horse gas. Dont drive the carriage of lay people, always holding the reins coach, never let loose horses mouth, do not give the horse a little freedom of action in space, the driver feel that this is the only way to secure. There is a persons baggy driving carriage, not even the reins, his hands resting on his knees lazy. There are bad people who do not take animals seriously, and take animals as their closest friends, protect them and love them. Many horses worked for humans under very bad conditions. They were in a miserable situation. Some horses were exhausted by working too hard, and some horses died from a very cruel fashion. For example, in order to make their home horse "more energetic", they even cut their tails with meat and bones, which was a prevailing fashion at that time.

A horse is also an animal. No matter what animal he is, we should protect them. As the text says, we belong to a home together with animals. No animal, plant the earth can not, can not do without the human and animal, plant, we are brothers and sisters, but at the moment, we are killing your own brothers and sisters, are we human beings is so cruel? We should love animal, animal to have a beautiful home, rather than a full of yourself the blood of the home.

《黑骏马》是一部十九世纪轰动欧洲文坛的经典小说。这本书的内容很精彩详细的说明了主人公“黑骏马”在人类家里度过的，一生，他遇到过了好人，让他接受良好的训练，从不让他太劳累，但也遇到过外行的人，不会驾驶马车的。小说主人公“黑骏马”是一匹漂亮的优种黑马，从小他就生活在贵族人家，吃着优良的饲料，受过良好的训练，性格十分的温顺和善良。并且他聪明、机智、勇敢，主人和他的家人都十分喜欢他。但是好景不长，主人家里有了变故，黑骏马被迫被卖掉，他一连被买过很多次，在这段时间里，他接触过各种人：一喝多就拿马撒气的醉汉。不会驾驶马车的外行人，一直紧紧的拉着马车缰绳，从来不让马的嘴巴松弛一下，也不给马一点点自由行动的空间，那些赶车人觉得只有这样做，才稳妥。还有一种人就是松松垮垮的驾驶马车，连缰绳都不拉的，自己的双手懒洋洋的搭在膝盖上。有不把动物当回事儿的坏人，还有把动物当作自己最亲的朋友，保护他们，爱护他们。许多的马匹在十分恶劣的情况下为人类干活，他们的处境很悲惨，有些马是因为干活太劳累而活活累死的，还有些马竟然是因为一种十分残忍的时尚而疼死的。比如说他们为了使自己家的马“更加的有精神”，而连肉带骨头剪短他们的尾巴，这在当时竟然还是一种普遍的时尚。

马也是一种动物，不管他是什么动物，我们都应该去保护他们，就像课文上说的，我们和动物是共同属于一个家园。这个大地不能没有动物、植物，也不能没有人类，我们和动物、植物是兄弟姐妹，但是在现在，我们却在残杀自己的兄弟姐妹，难道我们人类就是这么的残忍吗?我们应该爱护动物，给动物们一个美好的家园，而不是一个充满自己鲜血的家园。

这个暑假我读完了美国权威作家欧内斯特？海明威写的《老人与海》

《老人与海》讲述的一名孤独的老人出海已有八十四次，但是每一次都是一鱼不获，前四十次还有一位小男孩陪伴，但后来小男孩因父母的劝说不能和老人一起出海打鱼。老人在岸上只能和小男孩说话，在海上却只能自言自语。再第八十五次打鱼时，老人偶然碰到了一只马林鱼，老人虽然独力勇捕了一只十八英长的马林鱼，却无力驱杀争食的“牙利鬼”。他败了，但是带回去的马林残骸，向众渔夫见证了他虏获的战利品并非夸大，而是真正的光荣。故事结束时，老人不甘放弃，仍然和男孩准备在跨海出征。正如“乡愁诗人”余光中先生所说的：“《老人与海》真是一片刚阳﹑壮阔、紧添的杰作。”

The sorrows of young werther is a German writer johann Wolfgang Goethe is one of the most famous masterpiece. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a German modern outstanding poets, writers and thinkers. The sorrows of young werther this epistolary novel written in first person, not only conveys the feudal system in Europe from the ancient to the capitalist system of excessive transformation period, the middle-aged and young generation to pursue "personality liberation", "emotional freedom", "return to nature of social status", "establishing equal relationship" between peoples strong desire, also illustrates the authors own distinct position. In 1774 published a novel has aroused strong repercussions, the whole of Europe an victor hot, Goethes hand revealed deep sleep in contemporary deeply excited all the secrets of the mind.

We can see victors image: tsing yi huang trousers and thin sensitive and sentimental. He kept the childlike innocence confronts the nature of his heart is bright and clean, like a deep stagnant water. He attaches great importance to the natural sincere feelings cherish his "heart is better than all other" Albert rational calm very unhappy. His love at first sight, for she had also because she is so innocent in manners do keep a girl lovely nature. Green, in the heart of victor is completely natural and beautiful his love for her is reached the degree of "forgetting"!

She is just victor lover? She is the embodiment of victor all ideal almost representative of beauty. When victors ideal in reality nothing is near, he met and she became his heart clings to object and shelter. His love for her is hot, unselfish, has deviated from the true meaning of love, because it is a kind of irrational and abnormal love, is not the final result of the destruction of others is to destroy them. Rather than his love and his love is his one thousand to from the conquest of the opposite sex to prove the existence of self value. Because of this, in the face of rational barriers victor heart will have such a complicated entanglements and deep pain. He hovered between reality and green, and the fact that, after all, not a lover and victor becomes more crazy. But he lost his friend victor all hope in life, the passion of youth, the courage of life is destroyed by a thus only to an extreme way -- suicide to show resistance of reality. Schiller profoundly analyzes the victors tragedy, he said: "a person with a warm feelings to hug an ideal and escape from reality in order to pursue the infinite reality; he constantly seek him in his outside forever in his own destruction in the nature of things; he felt his own dream is the only reality of his own experience is permanent; he sees their presence as bound shall crush it in order to further the absolute reality."

In the writers love is the greatest hero for it can cling to life; In the writers love is the small only is a tool for personality liberation and realize self value. The protagonist in the novel the continuous and endless memories, fierce inner conflict, also bitter sweet in love feeling, only when he was unable to get a beloved is cruel and gloomy beauty. The so-called vigorous love and heart full of tears, is actually a thick young feelings and deep that must not turn dark young sorrow. Youth it is destined to always full of unease and restlessness, too many boiling blood to be cathartic for ideal can be without any hesitation.

The heroine in the sorrows of young werther self-consciousness is quite strong. Youth and beauty are what he ardently desire. Born for freedom, he died for freedom, he would rather die than to give up his ideal and pursuit. However the value goal of how to implement? Will not, of course, through the practice of reforming society, we have not such ideological awareness, the hero of them, the fate of the palm is only one are pieces of quiet. So they can only choose to make love till death do it the end of time and regret, then maybe can express in the heart of anguish? In this sense it is not only their personal tragedy, also is the tragedy of The Times.

参考翻译：

少年维特之烦恼是德国作者约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德最著名的代表作之一。歌德是德国近代杰出的诗人、作家和思想家。少年维特之烦恼这部以第一人称写就的书信体小说，不仅传达了欧洲从古老的封建制度向资本主义制度过度的转型时期，中青年一代追求“个性解放”、“感情自由”、“恢复自然的社会状态”、“建立平等的人与人之间的关系”的强烈愿望，也阐明了作者自身鲜明的立场。1774年小说一发表便引起了强烈的反响，整个欧洲掀起了一阵维特热，歌德的手揭开了沉睡在当代的深深激动着的心灵里的一切秘密。

我们可以想见维特的形象：青衣黄裤清秀而瘦弱敏感而多情。他保持了童真的本性面对世界时他的心明净如一泓清水。他重视自然真诚的感情珍视他的“心胜于其它一切”对阿尔伯特似的理智冷静的人非常不满。他对绿蒂的一见钟情、一往情深也正是因为她如此天真无邪在举止行事中保持了一个少女可爱的自然本性。绿蒂在维特的心中完全就是自然与美的化身他对她的爱简直达到了“忘我”的程度!

绿蒂难道仅仅是维特的恋人?她几乎是维特全部理想的化身美的代表。当维特的理想在现实中无所依傍的时候，他遇见了绿蒂，绿蒂成为了他心灵的攀附对象和避难所。他对她的爱虽是炽热的、忘我的，却已偏离了爱的真义，因为这是一种非理性的、变态的爱，最后的结果不是毁灭他人就是毁灭自己。与其说他爱的是绿蒂，不如说他爱的是他自己千方百计地要从对异性的征服中证明自我存在的价值。正因为如此，在理性的藩篱面前维特的内心才会产生如此复杂的纠葛和深沉的痛苦。他在现实与绿蒂之间徘徊而终究得不到爱人的事实又使维特变得愈加疯狂。最终他还是失去了绿蒂维特全部的人生希望、青春的热情、生活的勇气都被一道摧毁从而只得以极端的方式——自杀来表露对现实的反抗。席勒深刻地分析了维特的悲剧他说：“一个人物以热烈的感情拥抱一个理想并且逃避现实以便追求非现实的无限;他不断地在他身外寻求他永远在他自己的天性中所破坏的东西;他觉得他自己的梦想才是唯一现实的东西他自己的经验无非是永久的束缚;他把自己的存在看作是束 缚应当把它粉碎以便深入绝对的现实。”

在作家的笔下爱情是伟大的主人公为它生可以死死可以生;在作家的笔下爱情又是渺小的只不过是承载个性解放和实现自我价值的工具。小说里主人公那绵绵无尽的情思、激烈的内心冲突、亦苦亦甜的恋爱感受，只有在他无法得到心上人时才具有残酷而无望的美的意味。所谓轰轰烈烈的爱情与充满血泪的心路，事实上是浓得化不开的年少情愫与深黯的少年悲戚。青春向来就注定充满不安和躁动，太多沸腾的热血亟待宣泄为理想献身可以无半点犹疑。

在少年维特之烦恼中主人公的自我意识相当强烈。青春和美都是他热切向往的东西。他为自由而生，为自由而死，他宁死也不愿放弃自己的理想和追求。然而这种价值目标如何实现呢?当然不可能通过改造社会的实践，我们的主人公还没有这样的思想觉悟，他们，在命运的掌心里只能是一枚渺续安静的棋子。因此他们只能选择爱爱它个地老天荒、至死不悔，这样或许能抒发心中的苦闷?在这个意义上说这不仅仅是他们个人的悲剧，也是整个时代的悲剧。

[少年维特之烦恼英语读后感及翻译

That day, I go to the bookstore from a pile of world famous works of selected a very thin book called the catcher in the rye, I picked up the book, I didnt think so thin a book on my produce so much influence, make me deeply, I think this book form and the contents are quite good.

America is a fairly chaos in the 1950s, the period of the war has not been cleared the cold war, a cloud of smoke and rapid development of science and technology plays. On the one hand, and on the other hand, people lack of ideal, depression, oneself are faint change in the social background, the unexamined life. Then, "collapse generation" appeared, holden is one player, smoking, drinking too much, not aspirant, but he was still not reduced to drugs, social position, because in his heart, always have beautiful and distant ideal - do a "the catcher in the rye".

We live in a country, this era is in great reformation, everything in the process of changing development. In some sense, this with the 1950s American really some alike. Social progress, peoples thought also is in produce change, many people start confusion, depression, they gradually forgotten my ideals, no initial enthusiasm, began to yearn for mediocrity.

We are a group of life in the new era of children, nature has been used to confusion and annoyance, but we should concentrate on certain ahead of us, our road, we should be a group of ideal is ambitious. If holden without his pure ideal, that he might fall off the end, is his ideal let him survive. Ideal is the beacon, it takes people into the future, and into the light. Our life is just beginning, though life let our generation some confusion and uncertainty, but all but is temporary, not can be in the past, we now need most, it is our ideal.

Yes, there is an ideal there is hope, hope it is tomorrow, tomorrow will be more beautiful!

Today, whenever we see Beijing railway, will think of a person, that is zhan tianyou!

You know zhan tianyou, he is our country outstanding patriotic engineer, is he had set up this section of the railway from Beijing to zhangjiakou.Remember, blackmail, contempt, zhan tianyou was in foreigners under construction, when construction, difficulties, and grasped the nettle, zhan tianyou in the high tunnel close to the mountain, rock layer thickness, the tunnel is full of mud.The badaling tunnel more than one thousand one hundred meters long and three times the juyongguan.This difficulty is like a lion in the way one by one, but after the thinking of zhan tianyou, and implementation of the various methods, these difficulties are solved, this is how need perseverance!

With four years, jing zhang railway was completed.So, we have to admit that zhan tianyou is one of the most distinguished patriotic engineers, we also want to learn he this the spirit of take the bull by the horns.

《野性的呼唤》的主人公是一条名叫巴克的狗。它原本毫无忧虑的生活在美国南方，却被家里的仆人偷偷卖到了阿拉斯加成为了一条雪橇犬，在目睹了一次惨象后，它开始遵循“大棒”和“利齿”的法则，并逐渐成为了一条优秀的雪橇犬。后来，它遇到了它真正喜欢的一个叫桑顿的人。他们去东部寻宝，桑顿却被印第安人杀死了。在为桑顿报了仇后，巴克回归了大自然。

"The call of the wild" the protagonist is a dog named buck. It had no worries of life in America south, was a family servant secretly sold to Alaska as a sled dog, after witnessing a sight, it begins to follow the "stick" and "teeth" principle, and gradually become a good sled dog. Later, he met a man named Thornton it really like. They go to the eastern treasure hunt, Thornton was killed by indians. In revenge for Thornton, Buck returned to nature.

故事中巴克的形象是强者的象征，在严酷的生存环境中有着坚强的意志、顽强的生存力量和机敏的生存智慧。它来到新的环境中后并不愿意受其他强者的控制，而是努力适应，不断斗争，成为了新的强者，体现出了“适者生存”这条法则。它虽然是条狗，但如果换作我们，也未必能在那样残酷的环境中生存下来，更不可能成为那里的强者。所以，我们在现实中也该像巴克那样顽强、不屈、不放弃希望，毕竟，在未来的社会中，我们也可能会经历挫折、翻天覆地的变化，而如果我们能有巴克那样的精神，才可能使我们成功。

The story of Bucks image is a symbol of a strong survival wisdom, strong will, tenacious survival strength and agility in the harsh living environment. It came to control the new environment after is not willing to suffer other strong, but efforts to adapt to, continue to struggle, become a new strong, reflects the "survival of the fittest" this rule. Although it is a dog, but if for the rest of us, may not be able to survive in such cruel environment down there, are less likely to become strong. So, in reality we should like buck as tenacious, unyielding, dont give up hope, after all, in the future society, we may also experience changes in frustration, turn the world upside down, and if we can have the buck that spirit, it may lead us to success.

而现在，如果我们遇到一点挫折就被打倒，那么就还不如一条狗，也更不会在将来有大的作为。

Now, if we encounter a little frustration was down, so is also not a dog, nor as large in the future.

双语对照翻译不正确取消

Let me just start by saying that I had been put off reading Thomas Hardye by Dickens. Having really struggled with Dickens and resorted to audio I had wrongly assumed that all 19C liturature was the same. How wrong I could be. From the first paragraph where the opening character farmer Gabriel Oak is desribed smiling, ‘the corners of his mouth spread till they were an unimportant distance from his ears‘ I fell in love with Hardy‘s narrative. His ability to use words that lift the description off the page and into the reader‘s imagination are not just outstanding but incredibly enjoyable.

I went into this book blindly, knowing little about the plot that lay ahead or even the genre. It has been described by some as romantic fiction. But I think this is too simplistic a title and and maybe slightly off-putting to some. Hardye steps into Greek Tragedy when the unwitting and churlish actions of our young protagonist, Bathsheba Everdene, result in a love tryst between three suitors with tragic consequenses.

The book is essentially a journey for Bathsheba into womanhood not unlike the journey that Scarlett O‘Hara makes in Gone with the Wind who also has to overcome great tragedy in order to realise her own strength. Unlike this heroin, however, Bathsheba is more the instrument of chaos and indecion and part of her journey is that she accepts what she has caused and tries to make it right.

Hardye avoids making this into moral stricture but deviates from the Greek Tragedy model by giving us a happy ending not atypical of 19C serialised fiction.

Quite often an author‘s voice creeps into their writing and the reader becomes aware that they are not in fact walking the hills and dales of fictional Wessex but are at the pen nib of a writ