初二英语作文关于机器人的英语作文（汇集20篇）

初二英语作文：我的朋友

I have several friends. Wang Lin is my best friend. He is eleven years old. He comes from Beijing.

Wang Lin came here three years ago. He came with his parents. His father is an engineer and his mother is a middle school teacher. He has no brothers or sisters. He is the only child of his parents.

We are classmates at school, so we see much of each other.He is fond of English and I am good at maths. We always help each other. Both of us have made GREat proGREss in our studies.

We have made up our minds to study harder and win still GREater success in our studies.

Recently, the news reported that one special kind of rhino from Africa just

passed away, which meant the disappearance of this lovely creature. What a great

pity. The tragedy is caused by the damaged environment, while human being must

be blamed for it, because we have done so many bad things to pollute the

environment and make the nature lose its balance. In order to make up our faults

and save our offspring, it is in need of protecting the environment. As the

ordinary people, we can do the small things, such as do not throw away the

rubbish and join some activities to bring the world green, like planting trees.

Every small act can make a difference. Some day, when we live with the

environment friendly, what we do is worth.

在户外，我无意间听到了一位母亲对她儿子的安慰。我的思绪，仿佛又回到了当时的那一刻。

这一天，天阴沉沉的。不一会儿，远处就传来了阵阵雨声。棋场中，也是乌云密布，紧张的气氛仿佛充斥了整个世界。“嘟——”只听一声哨响，所有人迈出了谋划已久的第一步。我也是其中一员，思索了片刻，也迈出了决定命运的第二步。

一颗棋、两颗棋、三颗棋。渐渐地，我感觉自己的优势慢慢退去，棋阵也逐渐被打破，而对手的棋阵却一步比一步完善。我开始使用拖拉战术，好像只要我拖的够久，我就可以赢一样。

五分钟后，我怒目圆睁，双手紧紧地捏成一个强而有力，却不知往哪里打的拳头。每一步都显得缓慢、沉重，我眼里透着愤怒，好像要把目之所及的一切全部毁灭。

天变得更阴沉了，雨声也更加近了，好似近在咫尺，伸手可及，触手可得。而另一边，对手却显得欢天喜地，好像天地间的一切，都是为他量身定制的。10分钟前的连续三次失利，让我愤怒无比。俗话说的好：“事不过三。”刚才的第四次失利让我恨不得将世上的一切喜怒哀乐草木鱼虫都统统丢入无边无际的虚空之中，恨不得它们在我的世界里永远消失，再也不要出现!

突然，一只手搭在了我的肩膀上，我回头一看，竟是刚才的那一位对手!他并没有像我想象中的那样欢天喜地跑下棋场，而是在边上，静静的呆着!“没关系!”他说道，“这才第四场比赛呢，还有七场比赛，有的是希望。”他的话像一盆透彻心扉的凉水，扑灭了我心中的滚烫的熊熊怒火。我的心，慢慢平静了下来，开始审视这棋局。

调整好心态，我带着平常心去面对第五、第六、第七、甚至第八场比赛，没有第一场的跃跃欲试，没有失败的熊熊烈火，更没有胜利的喜悦，心静，即可战胜不可能。后面四场比赛的胜利，就因为他的一句话，全部被我“一一拿下”。

这，也许就是安慰的力量吧。看看天，云雾散去，雨声远了，更远了，直至消失。而安慰的真理，却离我越来越近了。

Since its rise, the Internet has been playing a more and more important

role in our daily life. It brings tremendous convenience and efficiency to our

lives. Online shopping is also a new rising thing brought by the Internet. Since

its increasing developing speed, some people think that online shopping will

replace traditional shopping. However, as far as I am concerned, it wont happen

in a short time.

Although online shopping is really very convenient, there are still some

strong points of traditional shopping which cannot be replaced by online

shopping. Firstly, online shopping lacks the intuitional impression of goods.

Sometimes the photos offered by the sellers are beautified with softwares, and

you will be disappointed to find the actual item is far from your expectation.

Secondly, returning goods in online shopping is quite troublesome, and sometimes

you only can achieve your goal at the cost of the payment of the postage by

yourself. Finally, there are too many fake products and cheats in online

shopping, and the quality of goods cannot be guaranteed as those in traditional

shops.

According to the points above, online shopping still needs some

improvements to totally replace the functions of traditional shopping. However,

the potential of online business is so huge that it will certainly take a great

share in the trade market.

本学期，我将结合学校工作计划和学校教学工作计划的要求，规范常规教学，提高教学质量，努力形成自己的教学特色。

一、总体思路

以努力提高教学质量为目标，以抓好教学常规工作，提高英语合格率为重点，采用任务型教学法，注重“学困生”的教育补差工作，形成良好的教学风气。

二、学生情况分析

经过一学期的学习，从上期期末成绩来看，七年级两个班的英语成绩比较理想。平均分82分。大部分学生学习目的明确，态度端正，掌握了英语学习的一些基本方法，能够积极主动认真地学习，学习成绩较好。但还有少部分学生没有明确的学习目的，缺少学习的热情和主动性，自觉性较差，相应的学习习惯也差，加上两极分化十分严重。

三、教材分析

《Goforit》七年级下册共14个单元，包括2个复习单元。全书采用任务型语言教学模式，融汇话题、交际功能和语言结构，形成了一套循序渐进的生活化的学习程序。每个单元都列出明确的语言目标，主要的功能项目与语法结构，需要掌握的基本词汇，并分为A、B两部分。A部分是基本的语言内容，B部分是知识的扩展和综合的语言运用。每个单元还有selfcheck部分，供学生自我检测本单元所学的语言知识。它采用“语言的输入---学生的消化吸收---学生的语言输出”为主线编排的。

四、教学目标

掌握本册书上的重点词汇、词组以及句型。通过本学期的学习，培养学生对英语的学习兴趣，形成有效的学习策略，有效提高学习效率，发展双基能力;培养听、说、读、写的能力，使学生初步获得运用英语的能力，达到语言运用能力的迁移和拓展;通过了解世界，了解不同地区的人文风俗，学会理解和尊重异国文化，并使学生在人际交往中学会尊重和理解别人，能在小组活动中积极与他人合作，相互帮助，共同完成学习任务，尽情享受学习的乐趣。

五、教学措施

1、加强词汇教学，包括单词拼写、词义记忆，语言功能的训练。

词汇是文章、句子的基本单位，词汇量的大小，将直接关系到学生能否流利地运用英语进行交际;能否熟练地用英语读和写;能否顺利地用英语思考。从上学期的期末考试所反映的问题看，在今后的教学中，在加强拼读与拼写的同时，应帮助学生进行有意识记，应加强对词的用法及内在含义的理解，要培养学生用英语解释单词的能力，逐步启发引导学生用英语思考。单词教学一定要做到词不离句，这样，学生在学会了单词的同时，也学会了词的一些基本用法。

2、每天背诵课文中的对话，培养语感。

3、基本的语法教学一定要与语境相结合。

进行语法操练时，要坚持“四位一体”，即话题、语境、结构、功能相结合。抓住话题，联系语境，确定语法结构，明确语法功能(交际功能)。要重视语法知识对于培养语言运用功能的基础作用，又要注重改革教法。课堂上一定要有生动活泼的教学活动。

4、进一步培养阅读能力和写作能力。

阅读和写作能力的培养是英语教学的又一重点。阅读和写作能力的培养在于平时。教师在平时讲解阅读理解题时，应着力帮助学生分析语言材料，而不是核对答案;平常应该多写作文。

5、做好学困生转化和优秀生培养工作。

优秀生：___，___，__，___。

学困生：___，___，__，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___，___。

尤其对学困生进行专门辅导，布置一些作业，让他们在小进步、小转变中体会学习的快乐，树立学习的自信，尽快成长起来。

6、继续搞好师徒结对活动。

师徒结对活动也是一种好的学习方式。

7、作业布置要做到数量适中，批阅及时，对出现的问题要跟踪矫正，认真讲评，尽量面批面改。提高练习质量，要精选资料。

六、教研课题

《浅谈英语阅读能力的培养》

措施：用新的教学理念指导英语阅读教学，进一步改变教法和学法，培养学生对英语阅读的兴趣，提高学生的英语阅读能力，提高英语教学效果。

1、尝试通过各种形式的学习，例如复述课文、把课文改编成情景剧、阅读竞赛等活动，提高学生学习英语的兴趣，从而达到自主积累、综合运用英语的目的，并指导学生运用科学的方法记忆单词、阅读课文，取得事半功倍的效果。

2、通过信息技术与学科整合的手段，以课内为基础，增加课外阅读的量，指导学生借助信息手段和工具书理解文章基本内容的方法，提高学生的英语自学能力。

3、以复述课文、回答问题、判断正误、通过上下文线索猜词义为载体，培养学生的综合阅读技能，提高学生的英语阅读理解能力。

It is reported that thick fog and haze surround many parts of China. People

have to wear masks when they go out.As air pollution is getting increasingly

worse,it has become the main concern of people.

Air pollution can have serious consequences for human’s health and also

severely affects natural ecosystems. Millions of people die of illnesses related

to air pollution every year.Due to particles from exhaust emissions,green house

effects result in warmer weather,acid rains corrode the earth,and frequent haze

causes traffic problems.

Confronted with such situation,positive measures should be adopted. The

government should keep its regulatory role for properly supervision. Related

rules should be made out for reducing emissions of new vehicles and limiting

high-emission vehicles.Factories should meet standards for curbing emissions of

pollutants in surrounding cities.Meanwhile, provinces and municipalities in each

target region should set up a mechanism for the joint prevention and control of

air pollution.

With the spread of the consciousness of environmental protection, the word

“low-carbon” has been very popular in life. We can find it in many aspects, such

as low-carbon products, low-carbon consumption, and low-carbon travel and so on.

Generally speaking, more and more people are advocating “low-carbon”

lifestyle.

As implied in the name, “low-carbon” lifestyle is a kind of new pattern of

lifestyle which aims to lowering the carbon dioxide emission in living as much

as possible. For example, some office workers are not proud of driving private

cars from work to home any more but pride themselves on riding or taking public

transportation. In addition, they advocate recycling water and saving energy as

much as they can.

As college students, we also make some contribution in our daily life to

reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide. For example, switch off the light

when leaving and save water. In addition, we should use our knowledge and action

to arouse others’ concern about the importance of lowering emission of carbon

dioxide and lead them to lead a “low-carbon” life.

I have to say that music really has a strong attractiveness to me.

Naturally, everyone can choose suitable music to listen to. However, when you

find a kind of music which can bring happiness to you, you will be surprised and

become excited. Music has a magical energy, and it can help people gain good

mood in a great extent.

When you feel sad, you can have a try to listen to soothing music. At

first, soothing music will let you calm down. You will find that you will play

much attention to the music, and then your sadness can be decreased. You will

enter music ocean. You can experience a baptism of your heart. It does not

matter that when you listen to soothing music and you want to cry, you should

just follow yourself feeling to have a thorough release. Music will give you

enough encourage to overcome difficulties.

Music also can double your happiness and arouse the fighting. For instance,

when you solve some very difficult situations and gain success eventually, you

will have a great mood. At this time, exciting music will witness your success.

You will feel satisfied. Music lets you remember the glorious moment and cherish

your success. Music can give you unlimited motivation to achieve goals，because

you still want to listen to glorious music.

In addition, music includes a lot of useful knowledge. People can learn

precious knowledge from music. Because there is different music, we can find out

that different nations have different music thoughts to express. And from music,

we can listen to music culture. Music culture will give you a deeper

understanding to learn foreign culture, such as foreign language, foreign

history and foreign traditional customs and so on. In a word, music has an

important effect on promoting society development.

Music indeed has a magical power to help people and society develop. I

believe that music will still continue to bring us many surprises. As the

development of society, great music will become more important.

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of

relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go

from morning till night,it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for

a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is

no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to

be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose

to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control can it lead to poor

performance and iiihealth. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends

very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such

characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others

lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,

in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we make a

choice between "flight or fight"and in more primitive days the choices made the

difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so

extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is

when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that

health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and

heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress

from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find

ways to deal with it.

惊喜这个词对于每个人来说都不陌生，在生活的每个角落都能找到惊喜。所谓惊喜当然是又惊又喜了，惊喜使人快乐，又使人惊喜。

一提到惊喜，有些人不免会激动，在大脑中迅速寻找自己曾得到的惊喜。惊喜每时每刻的跟随着每一个人，只要我们努力去做好每一件事，就能得到惊喜。惊喜无时无刻不跟随着我们，只在于我们的探索。

惊喜随时随地就能发生，有人可能会说‘怎麽可能生活中处处有惊喜?’这就是你的不对了，因为你不善于追求惊喜。只要你努力去做好你应该做的事就一定能得到属于你的那份惊喜。

惊喜不是自己来的，而是靠自己的努力得来的。因此，如果我们想得到更多的惊喜和快乐，就要自己加倍努力的去追求。

惊喜无处不在，春天到来时盛开的第一朵花给人以惊喜;夏日里的一场大雨，给人以惊喜;秋季里的累累硕果，给人以惊喜;寒冬里温暖的阳光，给人以惊喜。由此可以看出，生活中的惊喜很多。

生活中处处有惊喜，只是在于我们是否去追求。

一直以来，我总是过着平淡，安稳的生活。像一只知足的鱼，从容的倘徉在平静的水里。但是生活总是给我太多的惊喜。

在家里，我种着些许的花花草草，都是我喜欢的种类。平时里我一有空，就会提上一把盛满水的花洒，往花草上浇灌。也倾注下我长长的希望。像父母期望孩子快长大一样，我的希望也是它们能快快长大，并且长出美丽的花朵。

春天刚到，我就早早的播种下黝黑饱满的种子。然后久久的看着湿润的泥土。湿润的泥土会给人带来温馨的感觉。好像再过不久，就会有翠绿的芽尖冒出来。于是耐心的等待着。

在一个毫不在意的一天，我无意的往花盆上瞄了一眼。让我惊讶的是，竟然有少许的嫩芽冒土而出。我惊喜万分，我知道我的春天来临了。

在后来的日子里，我姓欣喜的看着它们逐渐长大和强壮。

终于在一个晴朗的日子里，入春以来的第一朵花开放了。像一个磁铁一样吸引了我所有的目光!而它却也默默的接受着，并且开出更多的美丽而清香的花。看到它顺滑的花瓣，我会觉得充满了希望。

是的，请相信生活总是充满了希望的。也许你也曾为平淡的生活而沮丧，也许你也曾为无尽的失望而懊恼但是，这都不是真正的生活。想起一句诗：生活的幸福，就是有事干，有觉睡，有人爱.

我想一个真正会生活的人，一定是处处会发现生活中的惊喜的人。

I still remember my first flight.

I took a flight in Beijing Airport. I got there early. I had my bag weighed first. After a while I began to get on the plane.

When I sat on the plane, Boeing 737, I fastened my seat belt. Then I looked out of the windows, seeing the ground running backwards. When the plane began to take off, I felt it interesting very much.

During about 2 hours’ flight, I saw a film and had a delicious meal. Then the plane began to get lower and I got to Xi’an safely.

How excited I was on my first flight.

[FirstFlight初二英语作文鉴赏

This holiday is busy and happy.

This holiday is very busy. I need to do homework, review the contents of

last semester, prepare for next semesters contents, take notes, and attend

classes, and...

The vacation homework is at least two weeks to finish and a lot of

homework. Homework is seldom finished in a week, but I dont miss the time of

primary school vacation, because homework can increase knowledge and enhance the

content of last semester.

It will take two weeks to review the content of last term. Although the

content is much more than the primary school, I have learned a little faster.

Review time I dont feel boring, I feel very interesting, my old friends and I

can not only say hello but also as a detective to ferret out the last semester I

did not catch the bad guys. (the so-called bad is easily delayed)

Preview the next semesters content will last at least three weeks, because

the content of next semester is more difficult, and the effect of light is not

great. Its also digested, understood and done. But Im not annoyed that I just

think I dont know what I dont know, and I want to be as simple as making

friends with him. And cant forget him, I hope my friend can be a little

more.

In addition to the above, I also have to go to the study class, look at the

name to increase my knowledge, but also in the spare time to buy the new year.

The study time is usually about 10 hours a day. In a word, Im busy every

day.

Ah! This is the busiest holiday, and this is the tireest holiday! But this

holiday is more fulfilling than my previous holiday! More satisfied! More

happy!

Recently, a Chinese student who studied abroad delivered a speech at the

graduate ceremony. Her speech soon became the hot issue, because she criticized

Chinese air pollution, which was a great threat to her health. Though her speech

had exaggerated the problem, it is true that China has faced many pollution

problems. The haze in Beijing is famous around the world, which is the

punishment for human to ruin the environment. It needs time to fix the problem,

but there is no need to deny our country. Even for the developed countries, they

have once faced such problem before. We can do something in the daily life to

protect it, such as do not throw away the rubbish.

There is an English proverb which says (saying) “Honesty is the best

policy.” It signifies the importance of honesty.

What are the benefits of honesty? If you are honest to others, they will be

honest to you in return. When you are sad, they will comfort you. When you are

in trouble, they will help you.

There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here. In a word, a

dishonest man will be looked down upon by others and (be) regarded as a public

enemy.

Many animals are in danger of dying out. As is shown in the chart, we can

see the number of animal species decreases faster and faster and this trend will

continue. From 1980 to 2010, at least 1 million animal species have disappeared.

Worse still, more and more wild animals are in great danger. It is not a piece

of sensational news; it is a fact, a harsh reality. Unfortunately, we may not

see these animals in the near future.

From the second picture, we can find some reasons. Why is the number of

animal species declining year by year? Apparently animals have become victims of

fashion industry. Animal skin has been used to make fashionable clothes and

these clothes sell at a high price. So some greedy people begin to kill animals

in a large quantity. This irresponsible behavior not only breaks the balance of

nature but also endangers the living environment of human beings.

As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal

action. We believe "no buying, no killing". First, we must make concerning laws

to protect these animals in danger. Second, we must take some measures to

protect animals effectively. Animals are our friends and part of our

environment. Third, we should raise peoples awareness to protect animals and

our environment. In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a

sustainable development.

Its so convenient and interesting to join a tourist group. When you travel

with a tourist group, you don’t need to book plane and train tickets, and you

dont have to care about where to live and what to eat either, because the

travel agency will arrange everything for you. All you need to do is to follow

the tour guides. They will take you to all the places of interest. They will

tell you stories about the interesting places and help you to learn local

culture. This is called a package tour.

A cruise trip is so comfortable and relaxing. You travel on a large sea

cruiser and enjoy the beautiful scenery. When you come up to a nice place, you

can get off the cruiser and visit there. When you are on board, you can lie on

the deck, watching the blue sky, the white cloud and the bright sun, and you

will be free from stress. Besides, there are so many nice activities on the

cruise. For example, you can watch movies; you can see concerts; you can go

swimming in the swimming pool; you can play cards; you can play golf; you can

watch wonderful performances; and you can also attend dancing parties. Nothing

could be more wonderful and relaxing.

Nowadays, backpacking tour has become so popular. Its not just a low-cost

travel for budget travelers, but also a nice entertainment. When you have a

backpacking tour, you can use public transportations like buses and subways and

stay in hostels instead of big hotels, which can save you a lot of money. Today,

this kind of travel is especially popular with young people, because they can

discover the interesting places and know more about the local cultures by

themselves. Its so exciting.

If you want to have a better understanding of a place, you can have a slow

travel. When you have a slow travel, you had better spend at least one week

living in one place, stay with a local family and visit interesting sites near

your living instead of rushing around for a long day to see the must-sees. In

this way, you can make more local friends, taste local food, and know the local

traditions and customs deeper. Only so can you become more knowledgeable and

widen your experience.

It depends on your need to choose the way you want to travel.

Heard that microblogging is a fresh thing, I have to get one. Registration, the system let me lost the user name, I thought it was your sina email lost in.

One day afternoon, the classmate called me, ask, what is my weibo name. I paused, do not know he ask which name is. I have to say: "Ill check it and tell you later on."

Came to the computer desk, quickly open the computer, microblogging, I was shocked. My name as email. I decided to change! He picked up the mouse to click the button. Suddenly jump out a white box, ask what I want the name, the following and fill out a bunch of. I think the most, still didnt come up with a preferred name. But on second thought, interesting and have what use? Once couldnt remember not spoiled.

"Well," forgotten "is a good choice." I said to himself. However, all these need not the name of the memory has been trademarked, how to do? I have to add characters to the name, keyword. I tried a dozen minutes, finally make a name, called "I really, really forgot. Hey hey, this is not to forget. I call my classmate is busy, tell him the new weibo name.

To give a little easy to remember and cool name - difficult!

听说微博是个新鲜玩意儿，我也去弄一个来。注册时，系统让我输用户名，我以为是自己新浪的邮箱就输了进去。

某日下午，同学打电话给我，问我的微博名是什么。我愣了一下，不知他问的是哪个名。我只好说：“我先查一下，等一会儿告诉你。”

来到电脑桌前，迅速打开电脑，上微博一看，我惊呆了。我的名字竟成了邮箱名。我当机立断，改!便拿起鼠标点击那按钮。一下子跳出一个大白框，问我想要什么名字，下面还有填一大堆。我想了大半天，还是没想出中意的名字。但转念一想，有趣又有什么用呢?一旦想不起来不就泡汤了。

“嗯，‘忘记了’是个不错的选择。”我自言自语着。但是，这些不用记忆的名字都已经被人抢注了，怎么办呢?我只好在名字里加字，减字。我试了十几分钟，终于弄出一个名字，叫“我真的真的忘记了”。嘿嘿，这下不会忘了。我忙打给我的同学，告诉他这个新微博名。

给微薄起个好记又酷的名——难!

My mother is a ordinary women.She is a very very ordinary women，really.She

looks like very ordinary;her age very ordinary;only her wears looks like very

special.

My mother always wear a wide casual pants，a T-shirt (or a wide vest)，and a

pair of sunglaes.She always use toiletry，consequently shes skin was very

good.

My mother is very benignant，and she was very love me.I with regard to

these，I to be thankful.I love my mother ， too.Because she gave me very very

many.She civilize by education me how to do in world and knowledge.

My mother is a office workers.She everyday works hard，but she always not to

get heighten.Ha ha～～

I love my mother ， because she gave me very many thinks.

I love my Mum . A ordinary and largene mother.

People will be the envy of the sky eagle, but never thought it a thousand

times to practice hard; people were envious of butterfly flowers, but do not

have to pay attention to it once as a caterpillar suffering; people are jealous

of those celebrities, those scientists, those successful people, but never

thought they have too much to pay behind the hardships and sweat, experienced

many setbacks.

So, in the face of the unexpected blow, who seem insurmountable

difficulties, the vast expanse of the thorns, I will not retreat. Because I

know, success is built on the basis of failure and sharpening.

Courage is very important. Everyone needs it. We will meet many

difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage.

If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything;

we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I

agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our

answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word

forever,” never lose courage .”

Low-carbon life is the lifestyle of the time to minimize energy consumption, thereby reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Low-carbon life, for those of us ordinary people is an attitude to life. It gives us is a willing and we were creating a low carbon life issues.Taomi Shui can be used to wash their hands every day, clean furniture, water the flowers and so on. Clean, natural moisture; 2. Scrap paper will pave the lowest in the closet can not only absorb moisture, can absorb the smell in the closet; 4. Drink tea residue, dry it, make a tea pillow comfortable, and help to improve sleep;Lifestyle to reduce energy consumption when, thereby reducing the carbon, especially carbon dioxide emissions. Low-carbon life, for us ordinary people, an attitude, not ability, we should actively promote and to practice the "low carbon" life, pay attention to energy saving, fuel-efficient, water saving, solar terms, starting from scratch.