初中英语的写作技巧（最新20篇）

English is widely used throughout the world.

So many people speak it as a second language. Online, youll find lots of

information in English. If you dont understand English, how can you know more

about the world, how can you get more knowledge. At international conferences,

English is also used as the official language. Without good English, you cannot

express your ideas well at such conferences, neither can you introduce China to

the outside world.

Thanksgiving Day

In the United States， the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day。 On that day， Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year。Thanksgiving Day is usually a family day。 People always celebrate with big dinners and happy reunions。 Pumpkin pie and Indian pudding are traditional Thanksgiving desserts。 Relatives from other cities， students who have been away at school， and many other Americans travel a long distance to spend the holiday at home。

我也喜欢写作，从初中开始的了，比我减肥还要早。从前以为自己写的很好，就闲着没事一直写啊写的，从恐怖，色情，玄幻，童话，言情，都市，种种种种几乎都是写过的。直到现在，还是在写，谢写写停停，从一本本的厚本子到现在的一点点的码字。

第一次码字的时候是在九年级了，朋友建议我发到网上去，然后我脑子一热，还真就着稿子对着电脑码字，一码便是一个五一三天，即便是对着我的稿子，我也只码了1500字。当时就真的放弃了，还是写在本子上，可我的字太差又小，让我的读者们看得不习惯不好受，不过总还是有人看得，这便足以让我感到满足了。

谁知道从何时起开始码字的呢？可能是在学厨师的时候吧，我买了个平板，跟电脑一种系统的，再买了个无线鼠标键盘。游戏是玩不了太大的，就开始试着写吧。那时候真的是我创作的巅峰时期，每天都早上六点写作，一直码字，然后就存着。直到后来一次误删，删除完毕了。

那时候也喜欢用手机码字，手机慢，就在上完灶以后码。一篇篇故事在自己的指尖下创作出来的感觉总是有莫名的成就。可惜我的读者再也不在。我手机上的故事跟着我将它卖出去一样消失不见了。

到了现在吧，才发觉自己的写作技术还是太差了。是真差，只不过属于能将自己满腹牢骚散发出来的蠢蛋而已。我试过起点，但是没人看，我现在在红袖发，红袖有个很好的设定。就是短篇能给你评级。刚开始我被评了好几个c。我一直以为c很好的。然后有一次百度了下，才发觉c是最差的级别……

c就c吧，但是我总知道是有人看我写过的文章的。那几个数字，确确实实存在着。让我的心头一暖。这似乎成了我所有的动力。写吧！早起六点就写，反正早起习惯了。反正9点才上班。写到7点就去跑步，我还要减肥呢。顺道看看书吧，看看有没有值得改变的笔法。

[我喜欢写作初中优秀作文

Chinesefoodiscolorful,varied,delicious,andnutritious.Chinesepeoplecaresnotonlyaboutthetasteofthefood,butalsoaboutitscolorandsmell.Foodindifferentplaceshasdifferentflavors.Beijingfoodisquiteoilyandsalty;Shanghaifoodissweetandlight;Sichuanfoodisspicyandhot;andCantonesefoodisfreshandtender.Whatsmore,therearesomepopularlocalsnacks.Forexample,BeijingRoastDuckhasagoodreputationforitstendermeat,whilethesteambunsinShanghaiarewellknownfortheirjuicyingredients.

用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

I will be a middle school student soon. when I look back on my pass days, I

find myself don’t make a difference, I play most of the time and don’t focus on

my study. Now I make up my mind. In the future days, I must study with all my

heart and learn as more as possible. So that I can store something for the

future.

I m now living in a small house with my parents. Life for us is hard but happy. I must study hard so that I can buy a big new house some day. I call it a dream house.

It has three floors with five bedrooms, three bathrooms, two big dining rooms and two living rooms. When my friends come to visit me, I will have enough bedrooms for them. We ll have a good time. Besides that, we will have a swimming pool behind the house and a garden in front of the house. In the morning, my parents can do some exercise in the garden. The air must be very fresh. When we feel tired, we can have a swim in the swimming pool. Life will be easy for us.

I ll study harder than before so that the dream can come true.

我现在和父母住在一个小房子里。我们的生活是艰难而开心。我必须努力学习，以便有一天能买一幢新房子。我称之为梦想之家。

它有三层，五间卧室，三间浴室，两间大餐厅和两间起居室。当我的朋友来看我时，我会有足够的卧室供他们使用。我们会玩得很开心的。除此之外，我们将在房子后面有一个游泳池和房子前面的一个花园。早晨，我的父母可以在花园里做些运动。空气一定很新鲜。当我们感到累的时候，我们可以在游泳池里游泳。生活对我们来说很容易。

我会比以前更加努力学习，好让梦想成真。

[我的家园初中英语作文

My school life is very common. I get up at six o’clock every morningfrom

Monday to Friday. And the I would go running with my classmates, as our head

teacher says health is themost important thing. After running I have to do

morning exercises on theplayground. Then I can have breakfast. Having breakfast,

I need to have morningreading. Oh, I almost forget that all of the students have

to do some cleaningbefore breakfast. There come the various classes. Then noon

comes. Havinglunch, I will go to sleep. I often read twenty minutes before I

fall asleep. I haveclass in the afternoon. And I still have classes at night.

It’s boring, right? ButI have got used to it and enjoy myself at school.

Miss Li is my English teacher. The first day I met her, I liked her,

because she looked so young and nice. Miss Li liked to write some inspiring

words in our homework. So everytime when I handed in my paper, I was so looking

forward to getting Miss Li’s response. I remembered one time, I did not do well

in an English test. Miss Li wrote the words to me and she believed me I could

make great progress next time. I was so moved, so when I had annoyance, I would

like to talk to her. Miss Li is my guide. She can give me suggestion and lead me

to the right direction.

I am now a student of Dongzhou Middle School, but I still remember that day when I was in a primary school.

That day, the weather was so bad. When school was over, it began to rain. All of us looked very worried, so our teacher let us go home at once.

When I went out of the school gate, I saw my father standing there. I went to him at once. My father had a raincoat, because hed just had a meeting and he went to school as soon as the meeting finished, so he had no time to return home. When he saw me, he took his raincoat off and gave it to me. I didnt want to receive it. He looked at me and said, Take it. I had to put on the raincoat, but my heart was not still. I cried, and I couldnt let myself stop. Since that day, I knew my father loved me. Oh, I cant forget that day all my life.

[初三英语作文：That Day

小作文一般以书信居多，因此，在写作时要注意一下两点。

第一，既然是书信，一定要按照书信的格式写作。阅卷老师最先注意到的就是格式，其次才通过阅读看看内容是否符合要求。不注意格式，肯定被扣分。还不熟悉书信格式的同学赶紧多多练习。

第二，要仔细审题。这个问题年年在强调，但是年年有人不注意，写作时往往会跑题。这样怎么能得高分?考试时时间很紧张，怎样快速审题?笔者建议大家首先要脑子里要迅速构建一副写作场景，接下来要抓住关键词，然后围绕场景和关键词进行扩展。这一点不是说一说看一看就能掌握，需要同学们现在多做强化训练。

具体写作就按照题目要求一个点写一段，总共分三段。这样给人的印象是重点突出、条理清晰。下面就以2014年小作文为例，简单分析一下每一段怎么写。

称呼：Dear John,注意称呼中，所有实词首字母全部大写，Dear John后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文：

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：自我介绍，写信目的。文章开门见山就是自我介绍，用到了这样的表达：I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. 其中的“I am …who…”这个句型来自于建议信的表达，放在这里也十分贴切。接下一句话表明了写信目的：Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.

第二段：写作内容为习惯介绍以及寻求建议。首先，介绍自己的生活习惯，自己一般早上六点起床外出锻炼;周末一般在图书馆看书;其次，希望John就如何适应当地生活给自己一些建议。

第三段：写作内容表示期待，良好祝愿。用到了这样的表达：I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.

落款：Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;

签名：Li Ming，特别注意Li Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

附注：

1、格式

称呼：英语应用文称呼有这样的特点，如果是不认识的人，一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如，DearSirorMadam或者ToWhomItMayConcern(需注意每个单词首字母都大写);如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人，称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如，DearMr.xx或DearMs.xx;;对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名，即Dearxx。需要注意的是：1.称呼要顶格写;2.称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号(推荐大家用逗号，因为历年的高分范文都是用逗号的)。

正文：正文格式一般有两种格式，一是缩进式，即首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行;一是齐头式，即每段开头不空格，但是各段之间空一行。老师建议考生采用缩进式，因为如果用齐头式，段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够，导致字数不够。

2、语言

写作用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次，句型可以多变，例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句，但注意语法运用要正确。此外还要注意，正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构，这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体，像写给朋友的书信等。

一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合，所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言，使交流得以进行。另外，考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，以便运用自如。

3、其他

考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔，虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词，但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后，认真列个提纲，这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时，注意表达清楚以下几个方面：首先交代清楚写信目的;其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然，注意关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来，应该对个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。最后，行文间要注意简化描述，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候，应该检查、修改，以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。

写作的文学底蕴的差距的确是没有办法在短时期内弥补的，但是学生可以用技巧来弥补才华的不足，下面是小编整理的高考作文写作高分技巧，一起来看看！

一：作文要注重真情，把握真实是关键

构思是文章的骨架，内容是血肉，而情感则是神经。阅卷老师认为文章不是无情物，一篇好文章，就应该具有良好的情感态度，换言之，即使文章的内容很平实，但情感却足够真挚，就像朱自清先生的《背影》，同样也能憾人心魄。在考场作文中，写人记事发议论，心中饱藏真情，让现实生活的境与溢出纸外的真情相呼应，则自成佳境。没有情感的境，如同行尸走肉，令人生厌。用真情关照生活，虽一花一草，一人一物，也熠熠生辉!

二：开头结尾要简练，最好首尾两行半

大头作文要不得。除非特殊情况，建议考生在写作文的时候，开头结尾占两行半的格子，顶多不能超过三行半。

三：动笔之前要拟题，漂亮标题如美女

准备题目的办法有2个，你可以去网络上搜索作文题目，归纳作文老师讲述的类似技巧;二是翻阅最近一年的《读者》或《青年文摘》等杂志，根据题材选择一些比较精彩的标题，记下来，也许考试的时候灵光一现可以类比运用。

四：适当克隆和借鉴，考前备课攒信息

考试前，建议考生翻阅大量的范文，积累一些佳作的结构。如果写记叙文，最好翻阅《读者》和《青年文摘》，其中一些散文的结构是很好的，适当对其归纳总结，到考试的时候，你采用别人的筐，把自己的东西向里面装就可以了。

另外要关注去年至今年的社会热点。

五：篇幅争取要写满，多写一点是一点

一般来说，如果作文要求600字左右，那就顶多写到700字。如果是不低于多少字，建议考生合理安排卷面，把卷面写满到95%左右。

有人问：考试作文如果不限文体，那么写诗歌，写顺口溜，写三句半行不行?这个谁也不敢作主，你无法揣测阅卷老师的标准，冒险的收益也许只留给准备最充分的人。

六：动笔之前不要慌，想好题目列提纲

列提纲很关键。比如写记叙文，要设计好开头结尾，同时要把你叙述的事情分成几个层次，中间如果能设置一个过渡句或过渡段更好。

一个训练有素的考生，列提纲大约需要5~8分钟。如果时间紧张，提纲可以简练些。

七：作文成绩看字迹，得分要素是第一

任何形式的作文考试，阅卷老师在打分时，第一眼看的是字迹。因此，必须要把字写好，不需要多美，但一定不要潦草。

八：考试作文五六段，干净整洁看卷面

考试作文要注意分段，三四个段落有些少，八九个段落则显得琐碎。除非有特殊情况，段落应以五六个为好。切忌在一段中写八九行字，写成大肚子作文，这样会让阅卷老师产生视觉疲劳。

九：想好主题和文体，非驴非马不可取

无论记叙文还是议论文，一般来说，多是总分总结构。议论文最好是131或者141结构，当然也可以灵活地采用夹叙夹议的手法。注意，议论文不能说了那么多事例却不归纳主题，而记叙文不能议论过多而忘记说事例。

十：作文首尾要精彩，丰富多彩出亮点

考试作文的开头方法很多：六要素开头法、题记开头法、悬念开头法、引名句开头法、排比句开头法、拟人式开头法、设问式开头法、对偶式开头法、合用修辞开头法、巧述典故开头法、解题式开头法、诗文引用开头法希望考生们准备好一些关于道德、学习、礼仪、爱国、美德等方面的典故、名人名言，用得上。

一般来说，结尾是总结全文。如果是记叙文，要注意抒情;如果是议论文，要注意归纳。无论如何，最好要扣准标题。

At the memory of my childhood, apart from outside the Chinese New Year

Dragon Boat Festival on a number of the most lively, and because parents are

busy job, a child usually with my grandmother to stay in the countryside

together. Dragon Boat Festival at that time to make me unforgettable.

With the usual, like the Chinese Lunar New Year, Dragon Boat Festival the

day before at night, so my grandmother will always obediently sat bedside, give

me some holiday rules, such as talking nonsense not to not allowed to eat cold

tzu not allowed with small partnership roughnot allowed to play in the water ...

... I have always been granted to his head. Grandma let me early, so that

tomorrow can have a good spirit.

Good morning, I got up early, get dressed on the first toward the kitchen,

when the grandmother has the kitchen to manage everything well, cooking up a few

bundles tied and Gui Gui leaf rope, the nothing glutinous rice lying quietly

filled a small bucket of water, like a pearl Jingying, cooking benches placed on

some of the small dishes, which containing various materials: there is peanuts,

there is red bean paste, there is meat, red pond.

So I sat eating breakfast table and watched busy grandmother.

The countryside are on both sides of the cooking, while used to boil water

while cooking to cooking and grandmother had already cleaned the duck Add big

pot, wooden ladle scoop from another pot of hot water a few dipper Add cauldron

of water, and then also carefully Add 1 tsp salt, and then Tim foci in a few

branches, it has been sitting next to me started to give my son a series

network.

Grandmother‘s hand because of the long-term labor has rough bark like a

general, but without losing dexterity, an envelope with red string woven into

the sub on.

At this point, the eggs are cooked, the grandmother picked up one of the

largest on the use of red paper red dye, and then do a clean cloth, into yard,

hanging on my neck. Then, my grandmother pocket containing seeds, candy,

peanuts, often very happy to me, because this way I can and small partners to

look at a dragon boat race.

Grandmother always put me to the gate, asked the want me to come back as

soon as possible to eat tzu. I always fell on the disappeared.

Small partners at this time are almost , and Sisters from the big head next

door, led us to the river this group watch dragon-boat race. Because of the

smaller rivers, so only two of the dragon boat, each boat has 13 individuals, 12

individuals paddle, one individual Ta and shouting slogans, One, Two, Hey Yo,

one, two, as soon as possible, 12 dark young man moves neatly划着, two dragon boat

sailed forward catch.

However, the children will know what look? We are only just a bustling Fig.

Girls in general saw a moment, we found that boring, and sat to one side from

snacks to share, boys, it is not, of their total enjoy chasing the dragon boat

race down the shore, because of the people paddling up the larger, almost every

boys who have significant traces of water splashing.

, and are perhaps a boat to the end of the bar, just things finished, stood

up, with partners go hand happily go home.

The sun is also slowly climbing the air, the kitchen has a bay leaf

fragrance, and I quickly jumped on the kitchen, the has been the major tzu. In

general, I would put that on the threshold sit tzu eat clean, and occasionally

there will be a few rice grains to eat chicken and watch the greedy big

cock-like, I was also amused ... ...

Today, even though over the Dragon Boat Festival, the mother every year

package tzu, made give my son, even though the mother‘s skill is not less than

the grandmother, but I always feel that what less.

I really miss the Dragon Boat Festival childhood ah!

1.比喻入题，直接扣题 。

“理智和情感是人类生活中的两只脚印，人类在认知事物的道路上的每一次成长都和他们的理智及情感有关。”《天平和七弦琴》解说：将理智和情感比作是人类生活中的两只脚印，首句入题，就形象地点出了情感与理智的内在关系——情感与理智对认知具有重要的影响。这样的开头，入题迅速，闪烁着思辨的色彩，令人耳目一新。

2.拟人入题，激发想像 。

“在蝶的眼中，花是天使，因为花给予她生命的甘露；在花的眼中，蜂是挚友，因为蜂给予她生命的延续。然而在蝶眼中，蜂不过是埋头苦干的笨蛋，在蜂眼中，蝶不过是游戏花间的浪子。” 《学会历史的旁观》）解说：文章开头赋予蝶、蜂、花以人的性情，连物都会带着情感的眼光来评价、认知事物，更何况是情感丰富的人？通过生动贴切的拟人手法，将话题的内在含义巧妙点出，不仅唤起了人们对美好事物的相关联想，更体现了作者的睿智。

3.设问入题，启人深思 。

“人有七情，自有喜好与厌恶之情，然而，当这种好恶之情掺入对真理的认识时，又会有怎样的影响呢？”《勿以好恶论断之》）解说：一起笔就紧扣情感与认知，以一种假设将读者的思维引向对本质问题的思索，文章的立意显得十分深刻。这样的入题方式，将设问的修辞作用发挥得淋漓尽致，简洁，却分量十足。

4.排比入题，先声夺人 。

“你会因喜爱北国的皑皑白雪，而对南国的椰树海风不屑一顾吗？你会因沉迷于江南的小桥流水、青瓦白墙，而否定西北‘大漠孤烟’的美吗？你会介意林黛玉‘使性子’，而不看经典名著《红楼梦》吗？你会钟情流行音乐，而厌烦‘沉闷乏味’的古典音乐吗？——古希腊哲人曾说，人是感情的动物。因此，面对大千世界，感情上的亲疏远近、喜好憎恶往往会影响到对人对事的看法。相信每个人的心中都会有架天平，有个自己的标准，用来衡量周遭的一切。”（《心中的天平》）解说：优雅的语言、和谐的音节、丰富的形象还不足以触动你的情感吗？还不足以让你在美的品味中恍然大悟“原来对美的感知，对人对事的看法，都是要受到心中那架天平的影响”吗？

5.抒情议论入题，入情入理 。

“ 常常是一位亲人的生命如流星般陨落，我们才悲哀于死神的无情；常常是一位朋友在与疾病殊死斗争，我们才诅咒病魔的猖獗横行；常常是我们自己的利益受到了侵犯，我们才正视社会上的毒瘤……感情的叶片时常遮挡住我们理智的目光。”（高考优秀作文《放下感情的叶片》）解说：这样的语言是不是很容易唤起你的共鸣？这样的开头，既饱含着深厚的情感，又折射出理性的色彩。如此入情入理的文字，引导我们触摸到了这样的本质——“感情的叶片时常遮挡住我们理智的目光”。

6.名言警句入题，彰显底蕴 。

“人是有感情的，正如古语所说的‘人非草木，孰能无情。故而，在认知事物时便不自觉地附着了浓浓的个人情感。于是有了‘情人眼里出西施’的缠绵，有了‘感时花溅泪’的悲戚。（《怎一个“情”字了得》解说：文章开头即紧扣住一个“情”字，在三句话中嵌入了三句有关情感的名句，显示出了考生较为扎实的写作功底和文学底蕴。

7.对比入题，表明立场 。

“有时候，感情是一剂善变的药，融在爱人的酒杯中，苦涩里也能品出甘润；有时候，感情是一把双刃剑，握在敌人的手里，纵轻轻挥下也觉得伤痕累累。”（《真情诚可贵 理智价更高》）解说：感情既是能化苦涩为甘润的“善变的药”，又是可以带来累累伤痕的“双刃剑”。精致的比喻将情感的两重性揭示出来，构成巧妙的对比，非常形象地点出了文章的中心：真情诚可贵，理智价更高。

8.假设情景入题，埋下伏笔 。

“如果你正赶时间，可是走到路口却被人告诉前面过不去。如果这个人是你认识的人，你会怎么办？如果这个人是陌生人，你又会怎么办？”《不要和陌生人说话》）解说：是啊，假如遇到这种情景，我们该怎么办？是从感情亲疏的角度出发，对所认识的人相信多一点，对所不认识的人相信少一点，还是反过来？假如其他类似的情景，又该怎么办？很自然地，我们便顺着作者的思路追寻下去，去看看作者预设的答案到底是什么。

9.品评时事入题，追踪本质 。

APEC让全世界刮起了‘唐装热’。看着那不同肤色、不同国籍的人们着一身相同的唐装时，我不禁呐喊，我爱唐装！曾经，这样的传统服装让国人排斥，单调乏味，不及洋装轻便舒适，人们抱怨过，人们责难过，穿着这样的衣服甚至让他们羞愧，我不禁要问：一件衣服，有那么多过错吗？我看是感情在作祟吧！”（《我爱唐装》解说：直接以APEC会议引起的“唐装热”入题，联系对唐装前后情感态度的不同，引出了对本质的追问——衣服自然不会有对错，错的是人们的情感和认知。假如能在入题时用时事材料来紧扣话题，通过品评时事来追踪本质，你的作文的开头就也能带着几分新鲜，闪烁着几缕智性的光芒。

从以上的例子就可以看出，这些精巧的开头并非只是简单套用某种入题的技巧才显示出新意来，而是结合了几种或多种技巧，并且，从优秀考场作文的开头中，我们可以感受到的是这些考生驾驭语言的能力和良好的语文素养，这才是他们获高分的根本原因。

[散文写作精彩开头的技巧

Since we were born as a little baby, we get help from others all the time. Our parents raise us, our teachers teach us and our friends company us. Therefore, it’s important for us to be grateful to those people who give us a hand. Being grateful is a way to show them our appreciation and our love. No one in the world is supposed to love us without any conditions. Moreover, Being grateful to others and to what you get can lead you are ready to help others, too. I think this is the most important impact on people that being grateful. If we are all show our appreciation to others and then help others, we could build a friendly and harmonious society.

一、表达方式：记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论?

二、表现手法：象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托（正衬、反衬）

三、修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语?

四、记叙文六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序：顺叙、倒叙、插叙?六、描写角度：正面描写、侧面描写?

七、描写人物的方法：语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度：视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉?

九、描写景物的方法：动静结合（以动写静）、概括与具体相结合、由远到近（或由近到远）?

十、描写（或抒情）方式：正面（又叫直接）、反面（又叫间接）

十一、叙述方式：概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法：举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用?

十四、小说情节四部分：开端、发展、高潮、结局

十五、小说三要素：人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为：自然环境、社会环境

十七、议论文三要素：论点、论据、论证

十八、论据分类为：事实论据、道理论据

十九、论证方法：举例（或事实）论证、道理论证（有时也叫引用论证）、对比（或正反对比）论证、比喻论证

二十、论证方式：立论、驳论（可反驳论点、论据、论证）

二十一、议论文的文章的结构：总分总、总分、分总；分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。

二十二、引号的作用：引用；强调；特定称谓；否定、讽刺、反语

二十三、破折号用法：提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。

Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时，仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s，读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注：被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

It is 4,000 years since the Chinese began to grow and drink tea.

There’re many kinds of tea in China, of which Longjing Tea is famous all

over the world.

Tea is usually drunk in tea sets. A tea set is made up of a tea pot and

some teacups, which are both made of china.

Most Chinese are fond of drinking tea. Tea is served not only at tea house

and restaurants but also at home. People also drink tea during breaks at offices

or factories.

my father bought a computer as a birthday present for me last year. it becomes my best friend in my room. id like to play on the computer as soon as i get home. at weekends, i often play games on line with my friends.

ive made a lot of friends on the intenet. but my eyesight becomes poorer and poorer, and i am not able to finish my homework on time. its terrible that my father will remove the computer. from now on, i should pay more attention to my study.

Mobile phones are useful and popular. But they are also bad for us

students. On the one hand, some of us like playing the games, they will forget

the time to rest. If they dont get enough rest, they will feel sleepy in class.

And even they are having a class, they always think about the games. They are

not good for our study. On the other hand, there are a lot of students who like

reading e-books on a mobile phone. Its good to read. But reading on a mobile

phone for a long time is not good for our eyes.

我有一个非常严厉的英语，老师我的英语老师姓郝，中等个，戴一副近视眼镜平时她一头如波浪线一样的美发，秀美且整洁，非常漂亮。

每天的英语课总有意象不道的知识，但是也有如水一样多的作业。我认为老师是为我们好，为了提高学习成绩，为了拿着一份满意的分数，为了打好英语的基础。老师您辛苦了，您劳累了。

老师您知道吗？记得初一上册，我是一个错单词很多小女孩，有一次您找我谈话，对我教育告诉我记单词的方法，通过和您与我的谈话启发了我，与现在相比我的错单词是越来越少，奥秘也一点一滴积累。老师我谢谢您！

其实每次您布置的作业避免很多。也会遭遇许多同学的默默言辞，但是我明白您是有您的道理的，您也为我们花了不少时光，您也为我们操出了几根银丝。

在我心中有一支永不熄灭的蜡烛，永远燃烧着生命之火，永远都充满着生机与活力，这支蜡烛是不是很像在我们身边的一位很值得我们敬佩的人呢？他在课上给我们讲做人的道理；在课后是我们的益友，如果同学遇到不明白的问题，她还会耐心地教导我们，没错，他就是我们的老师，“蜡烛时刻在提醒着我们，要处处为他人着想。”这也许是老师常说的吧！

一年了，老师曾为了我们掉过多少“珍珠”？而我们呢？却时常惹她生气，心中真是难过，也很后悔：我，一名中学生，没有全身心地努力。老师，我想对您说：“您为我们操劳，任劳任怨；您带我们进入知识的海洋，在那里遨游，使我们懂得书中的乐趣；您精心备课，与我们一起品味书中美妙的午餐；您如好朋友似的关切我们；是您，是您，还是您！您像一根红烛，为后辈奉献出所有的光和热！您的品质和精神，可以用两个字来形容那就是——燃烧！不停的燃烧！您像一只会说话的小鸟，来为我们讲课，是那么得丰富多彩，每一个章节都仿佛在我面前打开了一扇窗户，让我看到了一个斑斓的新世界……

老师谢谢您！

[我的英语老师初中叙事作文