初中英语的写作技巧【推荐20篇】

My hometown used to be a backwardplace, because it was deep in the mountains, where there were no nice buildingsand the roads were so narrow and dirty. People lived a poor life.

我的家乡过去是一个落后的地方，因为它在深山里面，那里没有漂亮的建筑物，公路也是又小又脏的。人们的生活都很贫苦。

While in recent years, with thedevelopment of society, my hometown has been greatly changed. Now the roads aregetting much wider. There are many different cars and buses running on theroads. Trees and flowers are planted on the two sides of the roads. They canprovide us with oxygen and fight against the pollutants. So the sky becomescleaner and brighter. Whats more, you can see many modern and beautifulbuildings everywhere, and the living conditions are improving. People areenjoying a comfortable life now.

近年来，随着社会的发展，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。现在的路是越来越大了。有许多不同的汽车和公交车在道路上运行。道路两边种满了树木和鲜花。他们可以为我们提供氧气，与污染物抗争。现在天空变得更清洁、更明亮。更重要的是，你随处可见到许多现代和美丽的建筑，人们的生活条件也得到了改善。现在人们在享受舒适的生活。

Generally speaking, life in high school is busy and fulfilling, due to the

ultimate goal---College Entrance Examination. Many people say that there is no

fun left but bored study and endless exercises. However, as a high school

student, I can’t agree with them. Personally, I live a fruitful but happy life

in high school. It can’t be denied that study is my priority that I must spend

most of my time and energy on it. Sometimes, study may make me frustrated or

even drive me crazy, but I still can adjust my mood to enjoy my life. Besides, I

can also get a sense of achievement when I do well in my study or make progress.

The most important is that my friends bring much happiness to me and my parents’

care inspires me to go on. I think friends in high school are my best friend

forever, because they know me a lot and witness all of my emotions. They are the

persons who grow with me. In addition, teachers in high school care much about

our students both in study and life, and classmates are always friendly to each

other. We build deep friendship together. All of these make up my fruitful life

in high school, which I will cherish forever.

One day, I met a puppy on the road, it had a pair of bright eyes, like white snow, very cute, but it is always barking, and then it refers to the belly, I said to the dog : "You must be hungry!", The dog and barking, as if to say: "Yes."

So I took it home, took some snacks, a bowl of hot milk, it eat with relish, after eating I gave it a name called "little cute."

One day I took a bag of biscuits and keys out of the house, little cute behind me, suddenly called up and bumped me, I saw the original my key out, I picked up and touched its head : "Thank you, little cute."

Little cute is nice, cute and smart, I really like it.

First of all,I need to greatly improve my English in this semaster,for I’m already in Junior 2 now,and there’s no time to waste.

I’m really not good at English,and I think there’s a long road ahead of me.I am thinking about taking a TOEFL course on weekends to prepare for entering college.Besides,I need to learn something from my life,for example,I can read some kind of English books,watch some Enghlish movies etc.

On another hand,I wanna improve my spoken English,cuz its a kind of language which is used to communicate with others,but not just a subject that can prove I am a good student.My plan for the future is to study abroad,so the skill of spoken Enlish is really important to me.

每次我放学回家，都会看见几个小孩坐在马路旁边乞讨。我不知道他们的父母是谁。他们多么狠心呀!他们差不多跟我一样大作文 你也可以投稿，也是上学的年龄了，但是他们不能。似乎没有人关心他们。我多么希望他们的父母能带他们回家啊。如果他们的父母真是穷得不能送他们去学校，那么我希望整个社会能够伸出援助之手。他们可以求助于希望工程呀。

Every time I come home from school, I see several children sitting beside the road and begging. I don’t know where their parents are. How coldhearted they are! Every time I will think so. Those children are just of the same age with me. It’s the age for school. But they can’t. It seems that no one cares for them. How I hope that their parents come and bring them home. If their parents are really too poor to send them to school, then I hope the whole society will help. They can go to the Hope Project.

一、策划书名称

尽可能具体的写出策划名称，如“×年×月××大学××活动策划书”，置于页面中央，当然可以写出正标题后将此作为副标题写在下面。

二、 活动背景 ：

这部分内容应根据策划书的特点在以下项目中选取内容重点阐述；具体项目有：基本情况简介、主要执行对象、近期状况、组织部门、活动开展原因、社会影响、以及相关目的动机。其次应说明问题的环境特征，主要考虑环境的内在优势、弱点、机会及威胁等因素，对其作好全面的分析(swot分析)，将内容重点放在环境分析的各项因素上，对过去现在的情况进行详细的描述，并通过对情况的预测制定计划。如环境不明，则应该通过调查研究等方式进行分析加以补充。

三、 活动目的、意义和目标：

活动的目的、意义应用简洁明了的语言将目的要点表述清楚；在陈述目的要点时，该活动的核心构成或策划的独到之处及由此产生的意义（经济效益、社会利益、媒体效应等）都应该明确写出。活动目标要具体化，并需要满足重要性、可行性、时效性

四、资源需要：

列出所需人力资源，物力资源，包括使用的地方，如教室或使用活动中心都详细列出。可以列为已有资源和需要资源两部分。

五、活动开展：

作为策划的正文部分，表现方式要简洁明了，使人容易理解，但表述方面要力求详尽，写出每一点能设想到的东西，没有遗漏。在此部分中，不仅仅局限于用文字表述，也可适当加入统计图表等；对策划的各工作项目，应按照时间的先后顺序排列，绘制实施时间表有助于方案核查。人员的组织配置、活动对象、相应权责及时间地点也应在这部分加以说明，执行的应变程序也应该在这部分加以考虑。

这里可以提供一些参考方面：会场布置、接待室、嘉宾座次、赞助方式、合同协议、媒体支持、校园宣传、广告制作、主持、领导讲话、司仪、会场服务、电子背景、灯光、音响、摄像、信息联络、技术支持、秩序维持、衣着、指挥中心、现场气氛调节、接送车辆、活动后清理人员、合影、餐饮招待、后续联络等。请根据实情自行调节。

六、经费预算：

活动的各项费用在根据实际情况进行具体、周密的计算后，用清晰明了的形式列出。

七、活动中应注意的问题及细节：

内外环境的变化，不可避免的会给方案的执行带来一些不确定

性因素，因此，当环境变化时是否有应变措施，损失的概率是多少，造成的损失多大，应急措施等也应在策划中加以说明。

八、活动负责人及主要参与者：

注明组织者、参与者姓名、嘉宾、单位（如果是小组策划应注明小组名称、负责人）。

注意：

1、 本策划书提供基本参考方面，小型策划书可以直接填充；大型策划书可以不拘泥于表格，自行设计，力求内容详尽、页面美观；

2、 可以专门给策划书制作封页，力求简单，凝重；策划书可以进行包装，如用设计的徽标做页眉，图文并茂等；

3、 如有附件可以附于策划书后面，也可单独装订；

4、 策划书需从纸张的长边装订；

5、 一个大策划书，可以有若干子策划书。

注：1、该策划书格式由我和我的学生助手张志永共同完成，感谢他的辛勤劳动；

2、本格式主要参阅书目类别为：营销策划、项目管理和创业计划指导书；

3、swot分析是现代管理一种分析技术，我们认为它的应用领域广泛，特将其引入大学活动策划 附：进行一次大学活动的基本步骤

一、活动若办，策划先行。策划是办活动的脉络，一份好的策划是成功的前提。

二、获得支持。获得领导的认可与支持，是一件非常有必要的事情；获得大型媒体的支持，你的活动就会变得特别好办，而且多半会成功。

三、组织任务小组，分配人员职责。权责相应，每个人都要非常明白自己的责任。注意，分配任务要以人为单位，而不能说某件事“你们几个做”，这样这件事情基本做不好。有几个方向：指挥中心，外联赞助组，现场工作组，宣传媒体组，现场秩序、礼仪接待组、应急人员。打印出权责清单，让每个人看得明明白白。并且，每天碰头一次，及时汇报进展，以便处理各种信息；

四、赞助或其他经费来源：寻找赞助商，与他们进行艰苦地谈判，最后取得双方能认可的协议，这是活动需要。有了经费，一切好办；注意：广告不能太过分，谈判一定掌握尺度，否则商业味道可能让晚会failing！

五、组合资源。有很多的道具、物品需要你尽快找到。就像个rpg游戏，你要懂得怎样获得资源，组合资源。

六、进行宣传。调足参与者的胃口，是广告、海报或其他媒体的职责。

七、现场必须有一个指挥中心，负责及时调度；

八、进行过程中，要有至少一种让所有工作人员沟通的方式。比如手机短信，纸条或手势。

九、特别提醒，那些领掌的，托儿，制造气氛的人员要特别安排好。想办好活动这是必须。

十、认真把参与活动的高层人物送走，不要失去任何礼节，记得向那些辛勤劳动却默默无闻的人员致敬！你的荣耀，他们才是真正的缔造者。当然，也欣赏自己的成功吧。

The sun shines on us. It gives us light and heat. It makes everything grow. It gives the earth life.

The earth turns round itself. As it turns, we have day and night. It’s bright by day and dark by night.(英语作文)

The earth also travels round the sun in an orbit. As it travels, we have four seasons. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. the days are long in summer and short in winter. In spring it is warm and the days are getting longer. In autumn it is cool and the days are getting shorter.(中国)

谈及写作训练,学生认为就是勤练笔,其实不然。英语的听、说、读、写四种能力是密切相关、相互渗透的。听和读是领会理解别人表达的思想,说和写是用言语表达思想。写的能力要在听、说、读的基础上进行培养和提高,而写的训练又能进一步提高听、说、读的能力。因此,写作训练应该贯穿于英语教学的全过程,才能真正提高学生的写作能力。

一、多读

“读是写的前提,写是读的升华”。一般而言,听和读的量必须数十倍地多于说和写的量,才能较自如地在口头上或书面上表达自己的思想。一方面,大量阅读可以提高阅读能力,扩大词汇量,另一方面,它还可以增强英语语感,对英语写作起着潜移默化的作用。只有当阅读量达到一定程度时,才能找到写好文章的语感。我们可以选择适合学生的读物,如英文报纸(《英语周报》、《21世纪报》)、杂志(《中学生英语园地》)、科普文章、书虫等(水平较高的学生可读小说原著)。大量阅读是学生接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增强记忆力的一种有效途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种有效方法,非常有利于写作。实践证明,学生平时课外阅读面越广,阅读量越大,运用英语表达的能力就越强。

二、多背

英语和汉语存在很大差异,语法规则和句子结构是不同的,很多学生在写作过程中难免会受到母语的影响,出现一些Chinglish(中式英语),而且有些语法规则也把握不准,谓语动词常出现“be+do”的错误形式或缺少谓语的现象。所以,背诵模仿是行之有效的手段之一。

(一)背课文

在多年的教学实践中,我坚持让学生背诵部分课文,较长的文章选背一两段,下节课抽查背诵,或进行默写。《新概念英语2》中很多英语短文通俗有趣,我给学生挑选其中一部分让他们背诵、默写,对培养学生的语感很有效。

(二)背范文

英语写作一般包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文及开放性作文写作。我经过筛选,找出每种文体各五篇文章,同时,我也注重搜集一些好的范文和习作要求学生背诵。通过熟背精彩段落,使学生逐步掌握英语基本的表达方法,有助于模仿。而且,通过这些范文,学生可熟练掌握各种体裁的写作技巧,这是学生写好作文的一条捷径。经过一段时间的训练,学生就会有内容可写、写得出来。

三、多写

除了以上对学生进行读、背训练,还要对学生进行动手训练。学生只有通过写才能知道自己的不足与缺陷,毕竟说和写是两回事。

(一)改写课文

教师可要求学生把Reading缩写成一篇一百字左右的短文,也可让学生把对话改写成记叙文(如项链),这也是进一步理解课文的手段。一般在学完一个单元,学生熟练掌握课文之后,再做这一步,让学生尽量使用本单元的短语句型,同时,也要学着套用背诵的句子。

(二)写英语周记

让学生写英语周记,这是很多老师训练学生写作的方法。有些英语写作不好的学生,往往不坚持写或应付了事。对这样的学生,教师要严格要求,督促检查。对学生的每篇周记,教师都要认真批改。周记不必拘泥于形式,学生可以自由发挥。开始可以写简单的几句话,要求学生多用学过的词组、句型,多套用和模仿。逐渐地,学生会写多些,也会越写越流利,错误也会越来越少。

(三)每周练习写一篇作文

教师挑选一至两篇习作打在投影仪上,师生共同修改,然后让学生将改写过的文章抄写在作文积累本上。这样日积月累,学生考前只要翻翻自己的“作文本”,即可胸有成竹,这个习惯一定要养成,对学生会有很大帮助。

(四)限时写作训练

近年高考试题包容量大,知识覆盖面广,这就要求学生在做题时必须注意速度和节奏,而高考书面表达从时间分配上看,最多也只能是30分钟左右的时间,学生必须在有限时间内完成作文,并且要意思连贯,无严重语法错误。为达到这一要求,每届学生从高一开始,就应定期做限时写作训练。

四、多积累

(一)积累词汇

词汇是说话写作的必需材料,掌握词汇量的多少,是衡量一个学生英语水平高低的“标尺”。《教学大纲》规定的词汇是最基本的词汇,必须熟记。我在多年的教学中,每堂课都坚持让学生默写或听写单词,要求学生根据中文意思,写出单词的拼写形式、词类和词形变化。这就使学生积累了大量的词汇,为高考书面表达打下坚实的拼写基础,避免了因单词拼写错误而丢分。

(二)积累句型

我在平时授课过程中,让学生把重点句型记录在作文积累本上,随时翻看和背诵。如写观点类文章常用的Some share the view that...,Others hold the opposite opinion that...,The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages,As far as I’m concerned,以及常用到的定语从句、倒装句、非限、非谓、同位语、强调句型等。

(三)积累文章

学生背过的篇章、写过的作文,尤其是各种体裁的范文习作,要分类整理粘贴在作文积累本上,经常拿出来朗读背诵。我教过的学生,都积累了大量的范文习作,考试时可做到有备无患。

通过长期的写作训练,我狠抓学生基本功,学生的写作水平明显提高。我所教班级在每次考试中书面表达平均分都在同类班级之上。总之,英语写作训练是综合能力训练之一,写作能力的提高需要通过循序渐进的训练才能达到。听、说、读、写几方面的训练是相辅相成的,它们互相促进、互相制约,在平时教学中教师要合理安排,有机穿插,这样才能让学生“下笔如有神”。

What do you usually do in your spare time to relax yourself? Let me tell

you some ways to.First of all, you can stay in bed for a while, sleeping makes

people feel good.Secondly, you can join your friends in some fun parties, talks

with friends will let you feel comfortable.Thirdly, you can go outing alone. You

can either breathe new fresh air in the mountains or you can take a look at how

beautiful the nature looks like.Fourth, why dont you just play sports with your

family? Youll feel tired if you do too much exercise once, but it keeps you

healthy and energetic.Whats your opinion?

英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。

提高中考写作水平，需要有效的训练。正确无误的造句能力和各种文体的写作技巧，两者缺一不可。

正确无误的造句能力

这得从初中一开始就抓起，首先可以从替换单词、扩词造句训练，做到有效积累，扩大视野，灵活运用。

如：如何修饰一个最简单、最常用的“说”？我们就可以写出许多：say some thing gladly（merrily excitedly sadly kindly worriedly loudly sweetl ytimidly bravely confidently）

还可说say some thing in a friendly way.替换了一个副词，生动地表达了说话时的不同心情。

扩词有：play football——play foot ball in the play ground——play football in the play ground with my friends——play football in the play ground with my friends after school.对其中的动词我们还可替换成playgames，play the piano…等，后面的状语都可以有相应的更换。

又如：a friend——my friend——my close friend——my close friend named Mary.以此类推，我们可以模仿着进行扩句训练。The students love life.——The studentsof Class One love enjoyable school life verymuch.为了避免句型的重复，我们还可以转换不同的句型，来表达同一内容。如：The dictionary is so big that it doesn’t fit in tomy pocket.——The dic ti on ary is too big to fit into my pocket.——The dictionary is not small enough to fit into my pocket.

这样训练写句的方法，可以帮助学生克服心里先想好中文，然后逐字翻译的不良习惯，从而造的句子符合英语表达的习惯。

在平时的学习中，我们可以试着用课文中所学的句型和词汇，设计一些中译英句子，虽然对初中学生有一定的难度，但长此以往可以有效地掌握正确的句子结构，巩固所学词汇，做到活学活用，为中考作文作好铺垫。

在《牛津》7B开始，我们针对所学的句型和学生日常学习生活的真实情景，设计了许多中译英，如：

1.尽管我的爷爷奶奶已80多岁了，他们还能每天早上坚持锻炼。(although…)

2.你与其他同学不同，你总是喜欢独自一人呆在家里。(be different from)

3.去天目山参观是一件很开心的事。(It’sfun…)

4.我有个建议，把我们旧的书报杂志送给班级阅览角，这样同学们就会有更多的书可以分享。(suggestion)

5.在暴风雨中，我们最好不放风筝，因为它可能让我们触电。(because,get a electric shock)

6.新的隧道将把上海和崇明岛连接起来。(linkup…with)

7.这位驾驶员从这次事故中吸取了教训。(learn a lesson)

8.我们赢了这场比赛，他们看上去很失望。(win，look)

9.你们校运会准备工作进展如何？(get on with…)

10.我们盼望着2008年的北京奥运会.(look forward to)有了扎实的组词、造句能力，要写好一篇中考作文，就如同裁缝做服装准备好了上等的面料，如果学生对中考中可能出现的各种文体的格式，一般行文规律能了解掌握，那么中考作文定能获得满意的成绩。

Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live we must

communicate with other people.

A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by

the simple means of speech.

If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are

likely to have conversations where we give information or opinions, receive news

or comment, and very likely have our views challenged by other members of

society.

Face-to-face contact is by no means the only form of communication and

during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one

of the dominating factors of contemporary society.

Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications,

photography, radio and television.

Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of

communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news,

which itself is often almost eclipsed by international news.

No longer is the possession of information confined to a privileged

minority.

In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed

fortunate, but today there are public libraries.

Forty years ago people used to flock to the cinema, but now far more people

sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being channeled into

millions of homes.

Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of

information.

The modern communication industry influences the way people live in society

and broadens their horizons by allowing access to information, education and

entertainment.

The printing, broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with

informing, educating and entertaining.

Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is

very valuable to the individual and to the society of which he is a part, the

vast modern network of communications is open to abuse.

However, the mass media are with us for better, for worse, and there is no

turning back.

Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时，仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s，读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注：被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

A Visit to the Flower Show

Last week Nature Park held a flower show. I went to visit it with my friends. I was very glad to see so many beautiful flowers in the park. I was really amazed to see a sea of colourful

flowers. They told me that some rare flowers came from Taiwan. Thousands of people stopped and watched them carefully. I took many pictures there. Taiwan has always been a part of our country. I am sure sooner or later we can go there to see many more beautiful flowers. What great fun it will be.

Computer has been part of our life. We use it to work or to keep in touch

with our friends. Computer provides people a way to recognize the world and

share resources. For teenagers, they are so crazy about computer games. There

always news reports teenagers playing computer games for a long time. Some

people blame the company to create online games, while others criticize the

school for not educating children well. Actually, parents have much

responsibility to teach their children the danger of playing online game too

much. Whats more, not every child overuses computer, so it depends on their

behavior.

Everyone always has a good Sunday. On Sundays， everybody does some things what he like.

Last Sunday， Jack had a relaxing Sunday. He got up 6 o’clock. After breakfast， Jack played basketball with his friends. They were very happy. Then he played the guitar in the room. And he sang songs very loudly. Though it’s very relaxing for him， it also make very noisy for neighbors. Maybe he should turn down the music. At noon， jack fed his pet cat henry. He is Jack’s favorite. Jack always play with him on the weekends. At night， he watched TV on the sofa. At the some time， he ate many delicious snacks. So he really had a great time.

At the of day， jack thought if I always have a relaxing Sunday like today. I will become the happiest boy all over the world.

Many people, sometimes myself included, tend to judge a person by his

appearances.

I was afraid of my uncle who has a scared tattoo on his arm till my mother

told me a “story”. When I was a three-year-old naught boy, I always ran around

the neighborhood with my toy saber. Unfortunately, one day I hit a wild dog by

accident. The dog became crazy and tried to bite me. It was that time my uncle

appeared and protected me with his strong arm. However, this accident left a

scar on his arm. My uncle went to get a tattoo in order to cover up the scars.

From that moment, he is my hero in stead of a bad looking uncle.

So we need to go beyond peoples looks and focus on more internal spirits

in order to truly judge a person.

SNOW At dusk，the weather became colder while the sky was gray，and the cold wind was blowing strongly.It seemed that it was going to snow soon. A moment later，the snowflakes began to fall quietly.Soon the land before my eyes was all white，like a beautiful blanket.Then it snowed more and more heavily.The trees were all covered with white quilts.The whole city became a silver world. T

he next morning，it stopped snowing and cleared up.I went into the yard.Looking far away，I saw a beautiful silver white world.A group of children were playing happily.Some were throwing snowballs to each other，others were making a snowman.Snow seemed to bring us warm and wishes.Cold as it was，nobaby felt cold in the white world.

I love snow，because it is pure white.It brings us hope and vigour.

My schoool life is busy and fantastic。 First， we have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon。 We have to get to school before 7：30 because we have a morning class。 Second， I like my school life because teachers and my classmates are friendly and helpful。 We also have lots of after—school activies。 Third， our school environment is very beautiful， the teachers all can make their lesson interesting and instructive。 So I like my school life very much。

第一次作文训练

训练内容：

合理交代记叙的要素

训练目标：

1、全面掌握记叙的六个要素

2、学会交代记叙要素的基本方法

3、初步学会写人记事的方法

训练重点：

1、 全面掌握记叙的六个要素

2、 初步学会写人记事的方法

训练难点：

怎样掌握写人记事的方法

训练时数：三课时

第一课时

教学内容：

作文指导

教学步骤：

一、知识讲解：

(一)什么是记叙的要素

记叙文就是以记叙为主要表达方式的记人叙事的文章。一篇完整的记叙文一般应包括时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果这“六要素”。

那么为何称之为“要素”?

我们知道，记叙文主要是记人叙事的，这“人”和“事”自然包括在要素中，而这“人”和“事”又必须是特定时间、特定地点的“人”和“事”。如英雄刘胡兰是革命战争年代在山西从事革命工作的女共产党员;铁人王进喜是新中国成立不久奋战在大庆油田的劳模。没有时间、地点，也就无法记人与叙事。很显然，时间、地点是记叙文不可缺少的要素。要写人必定要写事，让人物在事件中凸现，在事件中丰满;写事件就必须交待清楚事件发生的原因和结果，没有原因和结果，人们就不知道它的来龙去脉，也就不是一篇完整的记叙文，显然，原因与结果也是记叙的要素。

(二)怎样合理地交待时间与地点

交待时间与地点，大致有以下几种方式：

1.开头交待。

这是人们叙述时时常采用的方法。例如，《竞选》的开头：

五月的天气有点阴。

龟峰乡石坳村的村民选举即将开始，321位选民端坐在会场上。

开头把竞选的时间、地点交待清楚了，为下面叙述竟选场面作了必要的交待。

2.连续交待。

有的记叙文，因事件的发生、发展时间跨度大，地点在不断转移，需要连续交待。如《驿路梨花》中的几处交待：

(1)一弯新月升起来了，我们借助淡淡的月光，在忽明忽暗的梨花林里走着。山间的夜风吹得人脸上凉凉的，梨花的白色花瓣轻轻飘落在我们身上。

(2)第二天早上，我们没有立即上路。老人也没有离开，我们决定把小茅屋修葺一下，给屋顶加点草，把房前屋后的排水沟再挖深一些。

(3)接着，小姑娘向我们讲述了房子的来历。十多年前，有一队解放军路过这里，在树林里过夜，半夜淋了大雨。他们说，这里要有一间给过路人避风雨的小屋就好了，第二天早晨就砍树割草盖起了房子。

(1)段交待的时间是夜晚，地点是梨树林;(2)段交待的时间是第二天早上，地点是(梨树林)茅屋旁;(3)段是补充交待，时间是十多年前，地点是树林。这样连续交待，所叙述的事情就显得脉络分明。

3.间接交待。

对于时间和地点的表示，不一定直接写某年某月某日，某省某市某区，如“桃花开了”“枫叶红了”“天空出现鱼肚白”“几颗寒星还在泛着冷光”，它们分别间接表示“春天”“秋天”“早晨”“夜晚”等时间概念，还有如“雪域高原”“春城”“板栗之乡”，分别间接表达了“西藏”“昆明”“罗田”等地点概念。

(三)怎样合理交待人物与事件

1.人物的正面描写与侧面描写。

(1)正面描写。外貌(肖像)、行动、语言、心理描写属正面描写。

A外貌描写。《背影》为例。

We are always told that time is precious so that we shall cherish it. Even

though most of us know the necessity of making use of time, when we start our

plans, we find that time is limited. Where has the time gone, we always feel

confused about it. Actually, it is the lack of efficiency that makes people feel

time is not enough. It is in need of improving efficiency. Most students cant

focus their mind on study because they think of all kinds of temptations, such

as delicious food and computer games. If they can finish task quickly, then they

can do other things. It is the motivation to improve efficiency.

记叙文一直都是常考作文题型，那么记叙文会写吗？下面是小编为大家整理的记叙文写作小技巧，希望能帮到您！

技巧1、对于故事中的人物，一定要注重细节刻画，特别是细微的动作刻画。

《米粒?谷粒?血汗》

无助的他用筷子无助地在碗里捣腾着，突然那雪白的米饭进出了一点黄色，那是一粒谷，和父亲那古铜的脸有着一样的颜色。他的心颤抖起来，小时候给父亲送饭的一幕又浮现在眼前。

那是一个炎夏的夏的正午，父亲坐在田垄上吃着他送的饭，也是吃到浅底的时候，几粒黄色的谷露了出来。“扔掉吧，阿爸。”“胡扯!”父亲像豹子一样吼了一声，他一辈子也没见父亲如此愤怒过，接下来的情形更让他终生难忘：父亲将筷子插在田垅上，用那满是泥巴的手将谷粒一粒一粒地拈起来放进嘴里，锁着眉头，然后是艰难的一咽……“孩子，那是咱农家的血汗呀!”父亲对满腹委屈的他说。

技巧2、灵活运用人物细节描写和环境细节描写的各种方法。

例一：他拿着书本走进教室。(叙述)

一位慈眉善目的银发老者左手拿着书，右手拄着拐杖，步履蹒跚地走进教室。

神态描写 肖像描写 动作描写

叙述：概括 客观，感情色彩不强

描写：具体 感情色彩非常鲜明

例二、试卷发下来了，班里的同学情态各异。(叙述)

试卷发下来了，整个班级顿时像个炸开的锅。有的人洋洋自得，翘起二郎腿，腿不停地上下摆动，有一种飘飘然的感觉;有的人把头埋在桌子上，不用问就知：一定没考好;有的则拿着得分不高不低的卷子叽叽喳喳地议论着;有的则拿起笔开始订正自己的试卷;我的同桌——他一手拍着试卷，一手拍着大腿，不住地嚷嚷着：“天啊!我不想活了!怎么连这么简单的题都做错了，我干脆拿块豆腐撞死好了……”

点面结合 动作描写 语言描写

例三、他拿着书来到阅览室，很努力地挤到座位上。(叙述)

刚走到阅览室的门口，一股热气就迎面扑来。踏进阅览室一瞧，嗬，人真多啊!他们坐的坐，站的站，仿佛老僧入定般沉浸在书本的世界里;还有挤来挤去找位子的，觅书报的……然而周围却静得出奇，只有日光灯发出‘兹——’的声响和轻微翻书的声音。他不禁屏息静气，抱紧书本，踮起脚跟，小心翼翼地插进去，东扭西挪地避开人群，好不容易才发现了一个空位。他就立刻闪过去坐下。

动静结合 渲染 白描 动作描写(细微的细节刻画)

小结方法

人物细节描写：神态描写、动作描写、心理描写、语言描写、外貌描写

环境细节描写：白描 渲染 点面结合 动静结合