初中英语的写作技巧【汇编20篇】
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1000小学生看图作文写作技巧
全文共 1015 字
+ 加入清单看图作文主要的是以图片为主,根据图片从而获得的信息而构成的文章。下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于小学生看图作文写作技巧,希望可以帮助到大家!
看图作文的“图”,主要有图表、画图和漫画三种,出现在作文题中的,主要是漫画。
做看图作文,具体的操作程序是读题、析图、立意、拟题、构思、修改、定稿。“与众不同”的关键之处是要仔细观察画面和准确理解画“意”,先抓好读题和析图两步,然后才构思成文。
第一,读题。
读看图作文的题目,主要是了解文题中所提出的要求,明确所规定的体裁,以便有目的有重点地去看图。
第二,联系题目析图。
做看图作文要学会读图。当图映入你的眼帘,你应该马上有这样的意识:这一幅图是一个故事;这一幅图是一篇说明文;这一幅图是一篇寓言;这一幅图是一个比喻……于是,你便可以就像材料作文、命题作文、自由命题作文一样开始写作。
在看图作文中,析图是关键的一环,就像“析材”是材料作文的关键性环节一样。因此,我们应该学会从如下角度去“析图”:
1、看“情节发展”
这适用于对多幅有内在联系的组合漫画的审读。
2、看事物变化
适用于画面中立体事物变化鲜明的漫画材料。
3、看人物对比
适用于阅读以多个人物活动为主的漫画。
4、看背景映衬
适用于人物活动中环境设计鲜明的漫画的阅读理解。画中的景,画中的物,往往有不可忽视的烘托、反衬的作用。
5、看比喻手法
适用于整体构思有明显而强烈的寓意漫画的审读。
6、看整体意念
适用于理解含蓄的令人回味的漫画,作者在这样的漫画中往往运用比拟、象征的方法表现主题。
析图并理解其含义是看图写议论文的重要关隘,考生要掌握一定的方法才能顺利通过。因此考生要尽可能多地掌握“析图”的方法。除上面所介绍的以外,还有类比联想法、喻义探求法、比较排除法、对号入座法、寓言点题法等都可以运用。
看图作文,在看懂画面之后,第二关便是构思、写作了。就写作的过程讲,看图作文与其他形式的作文一样,离不开立意、构思、表达的程序。另外说明一下,看图作文有一个重要的过渡性环节,就是必须对图进行一番说明、介绍或描绘。看图作文的特殊性表现为,材料中所给的单幅漫画、多幅组合漫画,以及用来说明、评论对象的摄影作品、美术作品、科学图画等,不可能作为材料直接引进文章。它们需要一次“再处理”,由作者在观察、理解、提炼的基础之上,用文字叙述出来。这些叙述文字,如果放在记叙文的开头,就成了一种解说性的铺陈;如果放在议论文中,这种开头就往往于解说中顺势带出作者的观点。
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篇1:初中英语作文大全我的一天
全文共 7255 字
+ 加入清单【—:我的一天】下面是为大家介绍的关于我的一天,好好看看吧。
My Day(我的一天)
I get up early at six every day. After doing some morning exercises, I read English for twenty minutes. At seven I have breakfast. After breakfast I take my schoolbag and go to school. Our class begins at eight, and we have four classes in the morning. After lunch at 12 o’clock, I take a short rest in the classroom. We have three more classes in the afternoon.After school at five , I go back home. I often help my mother do some housework. Sometimes I watch TV. After dinner, I begin to do my homework. Then I take a shower. I go to bed at nine thirty.
以上就是关于我的一天的介绍,同学们你的一天是怎样的,也来介绍一下吧,相信你的一天会更充实的。
初中英语语法之副词
【—语法之副词】下面是对英语中副词的用法知识讲解学习,同学们我们一起来分享下面的知识吧。
副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. (作状语)
Life here is full of joy. (作定语)
When will you be back? (作表语)
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如:
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如:
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如:
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如:
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings 初中数学 quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where, why等。例如:
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如:
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和be动词之后。例如:
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如:
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副词的用法
1) very, much
这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如:
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
初中英语作文大全之自然灾害
【—之自然灾害】下面老师就为同学们带来一篇关于自然灾害的范文,供同学们写作参考。
Natural Disasters
In the past hundred years, there have heen frequent natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, seismic sea waves, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts.
The disasters have killed millions upon millions of people, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land. Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. We have cut down too many trees in the forests,we have badly polluted the environment, we have shocked our own home-planet time and again with tremendously powerful explosions of nuclear bombs. As a result, climates have become abnormal, rainwater rushes down hillsides angrily, and the underground energy goes up to revenge itself on us.
The earth is our only home-planet. It is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it and make it a lovely place suitable to live in, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.
自然灾害在现今社会已经发生的越来越平凡了,是什么造成了今天的地步呢?同学们想想原因看看吧!
初中英语作文大全之初中暑假英语日记
【—之初中暑假英语日记】下面老师就为同学们带来一篇关于初中暑假英语日记,供同学们写作参考。
I often go to see my grandma and grandpa during my summer vacation.They are both seventy years old and live in the country happily. Summer view of the countryside is very beautiful. I can do many interesting things there. I am used to getting up early in the morning breathing the fresh airlistening to the birds singing and enjoying the green trees red flowers and the river. I like fishing with my friends.
When night comes I sit under the tree with my grandma listening to her telling me many funny stories. And I tell her some new things happening in the city. When I have to go backI am always reluctant to go. I really feel happy living in the country.
同学们在暑假时期是不是遇到很多有趣的事呢?尝试着写下来吧!
初中英语名词所有格语法大全
【—名词所有格】名词所有格也是在英语中是非常常见的一种现象,关于名词所有格,下面就是老师为同学们带来的名词所有格,供学生们学习参考。
1、名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:
(1)一般情况下在词尾加"s"。例如:
Kates father Kate的爸爸
my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2)如果复数名词以s结尾,只加""。例如:
Teachers Day 教师节
The boys game 男孩们的游戏
(3)如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"s"。例如:
Childrens Day 儿童节
Womens Day 妇女节
(4)表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lilys room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jims father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
对于名词所有格的相关介绍,上面还是比较全面的,如果同学们还不是很了解的话,可以多多看看。
形容词ashamed的两个搭配
1. be ashamed of (doing) sth 对(做)某事感到羞愧或惭愧。如:
You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。
He was ashamed of asking [having asked]such a simple question. 他由于问了这样简单的问题而感到难为情。
He is ashamed of his failure [having failed]. 他对自己的失败感到羞惭。
比较以下同义句型:
I am ashamed of that. / I am ashamed of myself for that. 我对此感到羞愧。
He is ashamed of being poor. / He is ashamed of himself for being poor. 他因为穷而感到羞惭。
2. be ashamed to do sth
(1) 因感到难为情或感到差耻而不愿某事。如:
I am ashamed to say so. 这样说我不好意思。
He was too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助。
(2) 对做某事而感到羞愧或惭愧。如:
You should be ashamed to tell such lies. 撒这样的谎你应该感到羞愧。
He was ashamed to have made some careless mistakes. 他因出了些很粗心的差错而感到惭愧。
注:该用法有时可换成 that 从句。如上面最后一句也可说成:
He was ashamed that he had made some careless mistakes.
再比较:
他因说谎而感到羞惭。
正:He was ashamed of having lied.
正:He was ashamed to have lied.
正:He was ashamed that he had lied.
初中英语作文大全之当学生的好处
【—之当学生的好处】当学生有什么好处呢?下文老师为大家带来当学生的好处的英语范文,供同学们参考!
Good of Being a Student
Many students complain that its difficult to be a student because of the endless classes and examinations. Besides, we spend all our time in study so that we cant do what we really want to do. However, in my opinion, its good to be a student. Firstly, all we need to worry about is our study. As long as we want, we can study with our whole-heart and then play. Secondly, the pressure of a student is much less than to be a worker. After graduation, many things will change and the world seems so different from what we see in school. Finally, teachers are tolerant and patient. They are likely to teach us what we should do and what we cant do. And, if we make mistakes, teachers will help us correct them patiently. After graduation, few people would do these to us. In short, its good to be a student although we have endless homework and examinations.
很多学生抱怨当学生难,因为有无尽的课和考试。而且,我们花所有的时间在学习上以至于不能做我们真正想做的事。但是,在我看来,当学生是好的。首先,我们需要担心的只是我们的学习。只要我们想,我们就可以全心学习然后再玩。其次,学生的压力比工人的压力要少得多。毕业后,很多东西都变了,世界和我们在学校看到的是不一样的。最后,老师是有忍耐力和耐心的。他们会教会我们应该做什么和不能做什么。而且,如果我们犯了错误,老师会耐心地帮我们改正。毕业后,很少有人会对我们做这些。总之,尽管我们有很多作业和考试,当学生还是有好处的。
当学生的好处是否如上处所说的那样呢?同学们也将它的好处例举下来吧!
篇2:提高考研英语作文的写作技巧有哪些
全文共 2222 字
+ 加入清单2005年英语考纲有重大变化,其中之一就是作文考查的变化。新增加一篇小作文,使作文考查由一篇变为两篇,而原来的大作文的字数也由“不少于200字”调整为“150至200字”,满分20分。新增的作文是一篇100字左右的应用性短文,文体包括有信件、便笺、备忘录等,满分10分。既然是新增题型,就不会太难,但不好预测文体,这就要求考生复习时力求面面俱到,掌握写作规律及注意事项,尤其是对常见的应用文体如书信等
大作文的写作一般会给考生写作提纲,或图表,图画,或图文并茂。命题方式虽然多样,但题目涉及面往往是考生比较熟悉的内容,目的是测定考生语言的实际应用能力。要求表达清楚,文字连贯,中心突出,内容丰富,句式多变,句子结构和用词正确。
语言的应用能力不可能一蹴而就,必须厚积薄发,必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在提高英语写作能力方面,我觉得:一是要背大量的优秀范文,整段整篇地背,并转换为自己的语言,写作时自己能随心所欲支配。考试时避免套用以前死记硬背的几个范文,把一些不达意的词堆积在一起,没有统一性,无法很好地表现主题;二是要多动手。包括对背过的文章进行词语替换,句式转换,句子重组等,以及对某一主题展开写作。多动手才能提高笔下功夫,才能保证在考场上顺利写作。可以说背诵范文是培养语感,积累素材,掌握写作方法,动手写作是实践,是最终目的,这两者结合起来,就是“理论联系了实际”。另外,背诵范文应有针对性,写作训练也是一样,在训练中要掌握每一类型作文的写作规律,根据其每一类作文的写作特点——如提纲式作文就要求考生根据提纲提示的思路和规定的要点展开段落——全面训练,但不要带有押题的心理,靠背几篇范文就能应付考试的心态是不可取的。
下面说一下英语写作过程中的注意事项
一、认真审题
作文第一步是仔细审题,考生要仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息,如图表,图画,数字等,准确把握出题者意图。考研作文忌信手掂来,提笔就写,根本不审题,想到哪儿就写到哪儿,或完全凭自己想象编故事,置考试要求于不顾, “下笔千言,离题万里”。比如1998是一幅卡通画,老母鸡申明外加一首打油诗,讽刺一些企业把该尽职之事作为推销产品的承诺。如果考生说老母鸡很可爱,但爱自夸,然后说自己某个同学也爱自夸,这就偏离主题。2000年的作文“A Brief Histiry of World Commercial Fishing ”.它给出了两张图,从1900年的渔船和鱼量之比到1995年的渔船和鱼量之比的变化谈如何保护渔业资源,应从商业性滥捕鱼这一主题展开话题,有的考生却大谈环境污染。这就偏离了主题,因为题中自始自终都没有谈到环境污染问题。
有的同学没有审题习惯,或担心时间不够草草审题,最后发现文不对题,草草收场,这就影响了英语成绩,同时也会影响后两门考试的考试心情。
二、列出提纲
考试规定的时间是很有限的,所以不能花太多时间准备一个详细的提纲,但关键词提纲或粗略提纲还是非常有必要的。对原始材料分析归纳后要形成一个基本的框架。文章打算分几段写,每段大概怎样写,自数控制在多少,开头段落是道破主题,点名要旨,引人入胜还是先给出主题一般的背景情况和对主题进行浓缩的陈述呢,中间段落和结尾有怎样写呢。这些都要心中有数。有的考生习惯用汉语构思文章,逐句翻译提纲,当碰到某个词卡住时就翻译不下去,僵在那里。要注意列提纲是为了更好更全面的表达主题。主题的表达可有多种形式,不一定非要寻找一个特定的词或句子。考试时考生要充分调动大脑,灵活运用以前所学知识。
三、开始写作
一篇文章往往由四部分组成,标题(title),首段(opening paragraph),主体(body paragraph),结尾段( concluding paragraph)。标题要新颖,能引起读者兴趣,首段的内容根据文章的体裁而变化,比如议论文可以从一种现象,一种观点出发引出作者的观点。记叙文往往交代人物和故事背景。主体是文章的主要部分,通过合适的语篇模式表达一定的观点,考生要围绕中心按一定顺序分层次有重点的展开叙述,描写,议论。结尾段是对全文的总结,论点上要与前面的叙述一致和统一。写作时要注意以下几点。
1、要统一,连贯。
选择那些最能体现中心思想最具代表性的材料,这些材料要共同表达一致的信息。选材时切忌胡子眉毛一把抓。词语堆积,不伦不类。前后及段落之间在逻辑关系上要紧密衔接,不能把没有任何逻辑关系的词放在一起。可以用恰当的关联词把思想连贯的表达出来。
2、用词准确,语法正确
考试时要特别注意语法,此语,语气,标点符号等,为了避免太多单词拼写错误,语法错误,不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词,不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的长句。考试时最好选择自己最有把握的词汇,短语,句式。
3、足够字数,卷面整洁
绝对不能字数不够,即使一句话颠来倒去说也要凑够字数。字数不够,即使写的非常精彩,也不能拿高分。
四、修改
英语写作时考生由于仓促,紧张等原因,很容易犯一些简单的,一眼就能发现的错误。所以考生一定要留出几分钟时间用于修改。不要大幅度进行修改,更不要因为修改破坏卷面整洁,影响阅卷老师心情。修改时可以从以下几点进行
1、语法
包括时态是否一致,主谓是否一致,名词单复数是否对应,被动主动语态是否错用等
2、词汇
包括连接上下句或段落的关联词,习惯用语,固定搭配,词类混淆,误用及物不及物动词等。
3、拼写和标点符号
篇3:初中英语作文大全
全文共 611 字
+ 加入清单Last week, my friends asked me to spend the weekend in the house that near
the lake. It is one of my friends’ house, where their families often spend the
holiday together. Though the house was not big, the environment around was
really beautiful. In the daytime, we walked around the lake and appreciated the
beauty of nature. At night, we made some food and barbecued. It was such a happy
time that we sung and danced. We talked about our future thoughts. Before we
went to bed, we watched movies together and discussed the plot. This is the most
wonderful moment for us. We share our happiness and have no annoyance.
篇4:关于梦想英语作文初中
全文共 235 字
+ 加入清单I have a dream. When I grow up, I want to be a scientist. I want to make a
robot by myself. It can help my mother to do the housework, help my father to
drive his car, and help me to walk my dog. I think my parents will like it very
much.
篇5:初中英语满分
全文共 551 字
+ 加入清单People always say that life cant goes on well all the time, because we
will meet all kinds of difficulties. When we are students, we want to get
improved and do well in the exams. When we graduate and find a job, we need to
finish the task that boss has assigned. Even the time comes to retire, we still
need to find something to do. Setback is part of life, and we should get used to
it. When we face the difficult time, we should consider it as a test for us and
when we get through it, we will gain valuable experience. The pleasure we get
makes us proud.
篇6:高考英语写作万能模版之环境保护题材句
全文共 949 字
+ 加入清单1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.
爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。
2.Water is the source of ourlives
水是生命之源。
3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation
我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。
4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。
5.We are sure that well win the battle.
我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。
6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.
是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。
7. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.
使我们山更绿,水更清,天更蓝。
8.However,natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.
然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的,一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。
9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.
如果我们不为将来考虑,后代就会受到威胁。
10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.
没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。
11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话,……一定会有恶劣的后果。
篇7:高一英语写作练习
全文共 1997 字
+ 加入清单【单元财富运用】
假定你是李华,上周末和家人开车去大角湾度假。请你根据以下要点,给你的美国朋友Tom介绍你的旅游经历。
1. 出发时间:周六早上7点;
2. 准备物品:零食、衣服、相机等;
3. 旅游活动:游泳,欣赏海水、海滩、日出和日落等美景,吃海鲜,买纪念品;
4. 你的感受。
【注意】:1. 词数100;
2. 开头已给出,但不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加节,以使行文连贯。
Last weekend my family and I went to Dajiaowan Gulf for a holiday.______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
步骤1:认真审题,提炼要点。
一定体裁:记叙文,记叙一次旅游活动
二定时态:旅游发生在过去,因此描述旅游前的准备和过程都应该采用一般过去
时;而感想则可以用一般现在时或现在完成时。
三定要点:结合写作内容,整理和罗列要点。
表达旅游活动的常用词汇:
步骤2:整合信息,连词成句。
1. 星期六早上7点开车出发。
_____________________________________________________________________
2. 准备好零食、衣服、相机等。
__________________________________________________________________
3. 在海滩游泳,欣赏海水日出和日落等美景。
__________________________________________________________________
4. 吃海鲜,买纪念品;
___________________________________________________________________
5. 谈感受。
___________________________________________________________________
步骤3:连句成段,用上适当的关联词。
not only…but also…, where, what’s more /besides / in addition, then, because…..
【我的作文】
Last weekend my family and I went to Dajiaowan Gulf for a holiday.______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
篇8:小学说明文的写作技巧
全文共 2417 字
+ 加入清单导语:我们在写作的时候说明文有什么样的写作技巧呢?以下是小编为大家分享的小学说明文的写作技巧,欢迎借鉴!
说明文,即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说,要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。
说明文首要的一点是明确说明的 对象,然后用准确的语言,结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。常用的说明手法有下定义、分类别、作比较、引资料、举例子、列数字、画图表等。下定义,即给要说明的对象下一个明确的定义。如博物馆的定义就是征集、保藏、陈列和研究代表自然和人类的实物,并为公众提供知识、教育和欣赏的文化教育机构。分类别是将要说明的对象按照某种标准划分类别,以帮助读者对事物的理解。如电视机,可以分为彩色电视机和黑白电视机。作比较,即将这种事物与那种事物比较异同,从而更清楚地说明事物的特点。如将城市和乡村作比较,将大学和幼儿园作比较等。作比较的时候一定要注意比较的事物之间应当具有可比性,不能生拉硬扯,也不能不尊重客观事实,胡乱比较。为了说明某种事物的特点,有时候需要介绍它的背景、原理、历史等,这时就要用到引资料这种手法。比如我们要对长城进行说明,适当地引用一些历史文献,就更有助于今天的人们了解长城的历史,从而加深对长城中所蕴含的民族精神的认识。在复杂说明文中,列图表具有不可替代的优势。大量的数据、冗长的叙述、复杂的相互关系等,都可以通过图表得到直观的表达。
按说明的对象不同,说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文。前者着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等,后者则重在说明事理。这两类说明文常用的写作手法也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征,常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法,事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征,地要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候,在同一篇文章中,几种说明手法都要用到,相辅相成,互为补充。
如何使说明文物理并重、形神兼备的呢?首要的一点是观察。说明文写作的前提是对要说明的事物非常熟悉。要做到这一点,就要养成认真观察、深入了解的习惯:
观察要有针对性。要带着问题观察,而不是走马观花、浮光掠影。最好能在观察前列出观察提纲,观察时要记笔记、画图标。要善于提出问题。
观察时要分清主次。这就要求我们注意观察的顺序。观察有概括性观察和特写性观察之分。前一种方法有助于抓住事物的概貌,后者则利于把握观察对象的细节和特征。由概括到特写、由全局到局部,是观察的一般原理。
观察重在事物的形。要想传神,写出事物的内涵、原理等,则需要有很好的查阅资料、作调查的能力。比如我们要写一篇文章来说明洛阳牡丹。在写好它的形状、颜色、品种之外,如果能够考察一下洛阳牡丹的来历、其中的牡丹名品在培育中的科学原理,这篇文章就会有说服力,使读者更深刻地认识到洛阳牡丹的文化特色。这就要求我们具备相当的知识积累、广阔的知识面和优秀的调查能力。作为小,应当从小注重积累知识和调查能力的训练。比如通过剪报、记笔记、上图书馆和阅览室等途径来有意识地训练自己。
写作说明文还要注意说明的顺序。有合理的顺序,文章才能条理清晰,让人看得明白。说明顺序一般有三种,即空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。间顺序一般有从上到下、从左到右、从前到后、从远到近等。时间顺序一般有从古到今、从过去到现在等。 逻辑顺序有从现象到本质、从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体等。什么是合理的顺序呢?这要根据人们认识事物的过程以及说明对象本身的特征、规律而定。说明事物的形状、构造等,往往以空间为顺序;说明事物的成因、方法,往往以时间为顺序;说明事物的事理,往往以逻辑关系为顺序。
当然,大多数说明文会综合使用多种说明顺序。因此,在写作时,我们要合理地安排好说明顺序,理清说明文的结构层次。常用的结构层次有并列式、层进式和总分式三种。比如我们以“水”为题目进行写作,可以先写水的外形特征,再写水的分类,然后写水的用途,这是并列式的写作层次。我们也可以先写水的外形,再写水的成因,最后写水给人类带来的利与害,这是层进式的结构层次。先概括水的用途和特征,再一一细述,就是总分式。
说明文的特点
说明文是一种对事物作客观说明的一种文体,目的在于给予读者知识。中学生对说明文的写作最感头痛,往往举步维艰。其实,说明文的写作并非像同学们所害怕的那样,只要理顺了头绪,把阅读说明文和写作说明文结合起来,以阅读课文为写作借鉴的范例,多观察、多分析、多练习,就能逐步学会选用恰当的说明方法,正确而有条理地说明事物的特征
第一,要写好一篇说明文,首先得分清说明文和记叙文的区别。说明文的写作是授人以知,让人明白,记叙文写作目的是以情感人、让人动情。说明文只是说明事物的特征,阐明原理,介绍知识,说明是手段。说明文与议论文的区别,主要在于说明文的目的主要是说明,议论文的目的则主要是说理;说明文要求把实体事物或抽象事理本身的情况说清楚,议论文则要求提出个人对议论对象的看法或主张
第二,要完成一篇说明文,须将说明文的特点烂熟于心。说明文的特点主要有说明性、知识性、科学性、实用性。只有很好地掌握了说明文的这些特点,才能将说明文写好
第三,须将说明文的类型分清楚,如果从内容上而言,说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文,如果从表达方式上分,可以分为平实说明文和科学小品文事物说明文:以具体事物为说明对象,将事物是怎样的作为说明重点,对事物的状态、性质、功能、构造、发展变化等特征,进行科学说明。事理说明文:以事物的发生,发展变化以及相互联系的成因等为说明对象的说明文,说清怎么样和为什么,使人不仅知其然,还要知其所以然平实性说明文:是指用平实、简洁、明白的语言对事物的外形,内部结构,功用及种属关系加以较客观的说明,用词造句一般不带感情色彩和主观倾向,很少使用描写,更少使用修辞手法。
篇9:相关阅读:写作能力提升技巧
全文共 406 字
+ 加入清单写作能力是人的语言表达能力的重要组成部分,所以,在汉语教学过程中,对于学生写作能力的培养十分重要。
1.词汇量有限,不能细致地进行表达:例如"我的妈妈是个好妈妈,她不但对我很好,她对每个人也都很好。她真是一个好妈妈。"简单重复的词语明显地限制了语言的表现力。
2.表达能力有限,难以组织一篇结构完整语气连贯的文章。由于学生还不太熟悉汉语的思维习惯和表达习惯,当他从写单句过渡到组织一篇文章,用汉语进行连贯的表达时,就常常会显得力不从心,写出来的文章常常是支离破碎或辞不达意。
3.自己不知道自己的文章里写的是什么。这是一种很特殊的现象,多发生在华裔孩子身上。看起来文从字顺的一篇作文,但它的作者却不会读它。为什么?因为作文是在家长帮助下写出来的,遣词造句反映的是家长的思维。这样的作文练习根本起不到练习的作用。
4.畏惧写作文。有些学生在读书和默写甚至造句方面都表现不错,但由于害怕写作文,几乎放弃坚持了几年的中文学习。
篇10:初中英语作文大全
全文共 559 字
+ 加入清单Now as the coming of June, which means the summer holiday is drawing near.
I am so excited about the holiday. After studying for four months, finally I can
take a break. I have made up some plans. First, I want to go back to my
hometown. I miss the food and my friends. I also like the clean water and the
blue sky. It is such a great time for me to stay in hometown. Second, I will
travel with my parents. They will take me to the different places and let me
look at the world. I gain a lot of knowledge and broaden my vision. I am so
looking forward to my holiday.
篇11:初中英语作文大全
全文共 853 字
+ 加入清单Li Xiaohu spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind
others. As a good/close friend of his, I must do something to help him.
First, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should
spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games.
Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for
his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more
sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports
than computer games. And then I‘ll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of
course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do
it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time,
I’ll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, Im
sure he will make great progress soon.
篇12:网购的英语初中作文
全文共 887 字
+ 加入清单The quick and easy access to the Internet hasbrought much comfort and convenience to ourdaily life, and a growing number of people today prefer to do their purchase on line rather thanleave for the real shops.
Despite its obvious advantages, online shopping can also be a recipe for “troubles”. In thefirst place, you can never have a real contact with the stuff you want to buy while shoppingonline as you do in a real shop. Thus, occasions are not rare when buy something that doesnot really fit you or suit you. What’s more, if you are not lucky enough, you are likely to betrusted into the hands of some dishonest sellers, bringing home fake goods.
In my perspective, we should first develop a better sense of judgment while doing onlineshopping, and at the same time, more supervision systems are supposed to be built to ensurea more reliable and pleasant online shopping environment.
篇13:成长的初中英语
全文共 1711 字
+ 加入清单In the process of growing up, we gain knowledge and experience, but seem to lose the innocence of the child, remember, really feel a lot of change, yeah! We grew up.
I remember when I was young, every night my father to tell the story, after listening to good sleep, dad always smile to us, Dads smile is very kind, always feel like father like a mountain, give people a feeling of ease; the hour I of all full of curiosity, always love to ask why, to get the answer after dont stop.
And now? Everything changed, we have a lot of, do not understand what the little girl became a teenage student, never speak about my father, I know after I finish my homework to rest, to meet tomorrows own learning, just getting rich, dont ask why, feel that time flies good quick, is like.
Sometimes I feel very lonely, not like a child without reservation to tell his mothers mind, have their own secrets, to share with the people, willing to secret deeply hidden in my heart; sometimes feel that they are not concerned, no one knows, sad when no one knows comfort.. maybe. Grow really very tired very hard.
On the way to grow up is often lonely, learn to cheer yourself when nobody cheers. Dont be afraid, dont worry, bravely and frankly face all the things that grow up, give yourself encouragement, give yourself faith, give yourself happiness. In the journey of growth, what we need is a calm experience, a calm perception, and a brave face.
Growth has also made us learn a lot, learned to shoulder responsibility with their own immature shoulders, learned how to behave, learned to face their own.
Growth records the pain, but also engraved joy, along the footsteps of growth, step by step, we go to maturity, into the future.
篇14:初中英语作文题目
全文共 583 字
+ 加入清单I love weekend, because I can do many things. I can read books, watch TV
and play some games……
OnMonday, I went to school by bike and played computer games.
After nine o’clock, I went to zoo with my parents and saw lots of
animals.
On Wednesday, I went to Cheng gu visited my cousins and my uncle. On
Thursday, I went to library read books.
Friday is my favourite day, I was very happy! Because I saw a film with my
best friend, Webought many books.
On Saturday, I listened to music and watched TV. Today is Sunday, I don’t
like this day, because tomorrow I will go to school.
What a busy week!
篇15:英语改写对话技巧英语改写句子文档
全文共 385 字
+ 加入清单班级姓名
Rewritethesentences.(注意大小写和标点)
e.g.Thisismydesk.→Isthisyourdesk?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.
Thesearemypens.→Aretheseyourpens?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
1.Thisismyschoolbag.(肯定回答)
2.Thesearemybooks.(肯定回答)
3.Thisismypencil.(肯定回答)
4.Thesearemyrulers.(肯定回答)
5.Thisismychair.(肯定回答)
6.Thesearemyrubbers.(否定回答)
7.Thisismybanana.(否定回答)
8.Thesearemypears.(否定回答)
9.Thisismydog.(否定回答)
10.Thesearemyeggs.(否定回答)
篇16:说明的方法比较法作文写作技巧
全文共 976 字
+ 加入清单电子手表同机械手表相比较,既方便又经济,作为一种新型的计时工具,已越来越 多地进入到人们的生活中。
最初的电子手表主要是由晶体管和钮扣电池组成的。由于结构简单,功能也不完善,一般只 可显示简单的时间(精确度为一秒),外型也较笨重、粗陋。现在较简单的电子手表内部结构 已有了变化,加入了二极管、简单的电子计算机记忆程序等,精确度提高到01秒。另外还 可整点报时、放音乐、指示星期几、夜间亮灯照明等,对方便人们的生活起了不少作用。
随着科学技术的不断发展,电子手表也在不断进步。除了以上所谈到的较普通的功能外,近 年来又出现了许多使用高科技成果的新产品。如1982年日本制的第一只电视手表。它由一个 带日历的电子手表和一个12英寸的黑白液晶显像屏组成。外型精巧,体积为487×398 ×9毫米3,重约50克,兼带耳机及调谐装置,既可作为手表显示时、分、秒、日历等, 又可作为电视,收听伴音、短波,还可通过调谐器选择频道,调节音量及调节画面光亮度。 还有一种电子脉搏表,重量不到30克,是由一个小型秒表连接一架微型计算机构成。把它戴 在手腕上,就可精确地测出每分钟脉搏次数,并用数字显示出来。
这种表可以很好地协助运 动员参加体育训练。另外有一种会说话的电子表,没有指针及数字,表盘上只显示一个机器 人的脸。那么它是如何向人们报告时间的呢?原来在它的内部装有一个报时的机械装置,只 要按动表上的按钮,就会有一个摹拟的女声报时。这种表对于盲人和视力差的人来说是一种 极好的计时工具。另一种电子手表能对聋哑人进行帮助,在这种手表上装有一个微型话筒, 用来接收3米内发出的声音,将声音输入表内的微型计算机,经过分析,声音信号便可传递 给手表附件中一个发光二极管,使其产生视觉信号。聋哑人根据看到的不同符号,就可以判 断出对方讲话的内容。
除此之外,各种新型的电子手表还可以测量体温、通讯联络及用作精密的野外观测等。我们 相信,在科技飞跃发展的明天,电子手表将发挥巨大的潜力,更好地为人类服务。
在这篇文章中,作者通过将电子手表与机械手表的造型、工艺、使用方法作比较,准 确地说明电子表越来越多地走入人们的生活中的原因。
总之,说明的方法很多,还可以列出许多种,如数字法、图表法、拟人法、顺序法等,不再 一一列举。但不管是哪种方法都要注意到科学性、准确性,为说明、阐释事物服务。
篇17:优秀英语作文写作指导:六级写作高分七大技巧
全文共 4291 字
+ 加入清单不管做什么是,找对技巧很重要。下面语文迷网整理了英语六级的写作技巧,供大家阅读参考。
一、 长短句原则。
工作还得一张一弛呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则。
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则。
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!
四、短语优先原则。
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。
其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。
比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。
再比如: 走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room 所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!
六、 多变句式原则。
1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语:despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语:then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。举例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:When to go, Why he goes away…
5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、挑战极限原则。
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可以写出这样的句子,不得高分才怪!
篇18:我最好的朋友初中英语
全文共 703 字
+ 加入清单What#39;s the meaning of a friend to you?
Maybe you think that a friend is someone who will listen to you when you#39;re filled with sorrow.
Maybe you think that a friend is someone who will give you a gift on your birthday.
But to me, a friend is someone I can rely on.
When I was eight years old, I met, my best friend, Jennifer. Her personality was different from mine.
She#39;s very resolute and brave. When I was sad, she was the person who would sit next to me, comforting me.
When I was happy, she was the person with whom I could share my joy. As of now, we have been friends for eight years.
Although we#39;re not classmates anymore, I believe that we#39;ll still be good friends tomorrow and forever.
篇19:初中生英语日记良好的健康
全文共 542 字
+ 加入清单We all wish (hope) to be happy, so we should take good care of our health.
Health is the best treasure (which) a man can possess. Money can do many things, but it cannot buy happiness. However, so long as man has good health, he can enjoy the pleasures of human life.
In order to insure good health we must pay attention to three things. They are-nourishing food, fresh air and proper exercise.
我们大家都希望快乐,所以我们应该好好保重健康。一个病人因为失去健康而很少快乐。
健康是一个人所能拥有最好的财富。钱能做许多事情,但是它却不能购买。然而,只要一个人有良好的健康,他就能享受人生的乐趣。
为了保证良好的健康,我们必须注意三件事情。它们是营养食物,新鲜空气和正当运动。
篇20:初中英语作文大全
全文共 542 字
+ 加入清单Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who
is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like
China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian
for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next
week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then well show him around the
city.Well go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then well visit some
insteresing places.Tony will live in my house during the holiday.I hope well
have a good time.