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小升初英语写作技巧(优秀19篇)

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小升初英语作文写作技巧_小学英语作文1000字

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考试就要开始了,对还有什么不了解的呢?为考生们提供各种面试、学习、择校等技巧及经验,希望可以帮助大家考得好成绩。在这里先网预祝大家考出理想成绩。

1.表文章结构顺序:

Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second…

Andthen,Finally,Intheend,Atlast

2.表并列补充关系的:

Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,

3.表转折对比关系的:

However,Onthecontrary,but

Ononehand…Ontheotherhand…Some…,whileothers…

4.表因果关系的:

Because,As、So,Therefore,Asaresult

5.表换一种方式表达:

Inotherwords

6.表进行举例说明:

Forexample,句子;Forinstance,句子;suchas+n/doing

7.表陈述事实:Infact

8.表达自己观点:

AsfarasIknow,Inmyopinion

9.表总结:

Inshort,Inaword.

文中正确使用两三个好的句型,如:感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例:

IbelieveTianjinwillbemorebeautifulandprosperous.

感叹句举例:

HowIwanttostudyinthebestmiddleschoolinGuangzhou!

动名词做主语举例:

Readingbooksandswimmingaremyhobbies.

常用状语从句句型:

1)时间:

when,not…until(直到…才…),assoonas(一…就…)

2)目的:

sothat+clause;(为了)

3)结果:

so…that…(如此…以至于…),too…todo(太……以至于……)

4)条件:

if,unless(除非),aslongas(只要)

5)比较:

as…as…(与…一样),notso…as…,than

以上即是网为大家整理的英语作文写作技巧,大家还满意吗?希望对大家有所帮助!

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篇1:2024年高考作文高分写作技巧积累

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1.想像类的题目不要表现什么主题,只要写得有趣有益就行;

2.结尾段千万不能用议论或表决心,最后仍然是描写,与开头呼应,如果与开头基本相同,也很有特色;

4.语文大考时,起码要为文章留好一个小时的时间,基础知识的检查放在作文之后。修改时要使用标准的修改符号,并注意卷面的整洁。

5.认真的书写是成功的前提。阅读者会在第一眼就对你留下良好印象;

6.写作时,应在选材和形式上多加斟酌,表现出你的智慧、思想和追求,即使阅卷者也自愧不如;

7.文章中应充满强烈的感情secai,因为唯有强烈的情感才能打动人心;

8.对手中的素材加以小小的修饰,使之更感人,更鲜明和更富有美感,这不是虚假,而是美化;

9.写作中要加进至少一种新颖的尝试,这种尝试是你从未使用过的。唯有你自己都觉得新鲜的东西,别人也才会觉得新鲜;

10、以第一人称写作最适宜抒情,并增加文章的真实感和可信度。

11.考试前几日,可以有选择地翻阅一些高品质作文图书,以帮助打开思路;

12.考试作文的最低要求是文顺和切题,达到了这两个要求,基本分数就可以拿到;

13.考试时要不要打草稿,这要视各人情况而定,一般来说,因为费时,所以尽量免去;

14.一篇文章起码分有四段,在六七段最为适宜;

15.书写整洁极其重要,阅卷老师的第一好感来自于你的字迹;

16.开头第一段一定要全力以赴,用描写手法描写人物形态、事件过程或景物特色。成功的开头占据全文得分的50%;

17.遇到生冷的作文题,不要害怕,缩小其范围,发现其核心,即可行文;

18.如果考试题已经做过,那肯定是一件大好事,当然,需要你“更上一层楼”;

19.像叙述一个故事给好朋友听一样,口语化的语言就像录音,非常生动有趣;

20、语言幽默一些,增加趣味性,让阅卷老师也忍不住笑出声来,这样的文章一定能得高分;

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篇2:四级英语写作知识归纳

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1)主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy。

It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

It is / that

2)宾(表)语从句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates。

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay。

3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university。

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste。

4)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him。

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers。

5)分词短语做定语或状语

Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better。

6)倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem。

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots。

7)被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem。

He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds。

Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

8)设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

9)比较

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B。

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.。。

4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that.。。

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages。

6.Like anything else, it has its faults。

7.A and B has several points in common。

8.A bears some resemblances to B。

9.However, the same is not applicable to B。

10. A and B differ in several ways。

11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects。

12. People used to think ..., but things are different now。

13. The same is true of B。

14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks。

15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .。。

10)原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation。

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors。

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.。。

4. The factors that contribute to this

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that.。。

6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are.。。

7. Part of the explanations for it is that .。。

8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .。。

9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .。。

10. Perhaps the primary factor is that …

11. But the fundamental cause is that .。。

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篇3:描写景物的作文的写作技巧

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一、在我们作文中,不管是写人,记事,也常常会有景物描写。那么写景应注意什么呢?

⒈写景要按方位顺序,由近及远,由远及近,由上而下,由下而上,由里到外,由外到里,或由中间到四周等等有次序地描写,要主次分明,详略得当。

⒉可以按景物的类别来写,如山、水、花、鸟;瀑、石、峰、洞;亭、台、楼阁等。要写出景物的光、色、味;既要写它的静态,也要写它的动态,还可以写出它的环境气氛。

⒊要仔细观察,抓住在不同季节里景物的不同特点进行描写,不要硬编乱造,凭自己的想象来写。

⒋写景中也可以具体地写些人和事,若让人、景、事三者交融一体来写,可以使作文更为感人。

⒌写景物时不要忘掉自己与景物之间的关系,要有意识地把自己的感情、感受写进去,这样使人读了会产生一种身临其境之感。叶圣陶老爷爷写的《记金华的双龙洞》不是具有这样的特点吗?

⒍适当地、正确地引用前人描写景物的诗词歌赋,也可以为作文增色。这就需要你平时多加阅读和积累,别等用时再去找。

二、写景作文写作要点

景物描写在记叙文写作中往往是必不可少的。可是许多同学在写作中不懂得景物描写的特点,有的描写模糊不清,有的分不清主次,有的缺乏情感,出现了许多不应有的败笔。那么,在记叙文的写作中应该怎样去描写自然景色呢?具体来说,景物描写应注意以下三个问题:

1、写景要有顺序。

观赏景物都有一定的规律:或定点环顾,或边走边看。描写时也应该“顺其自然”。例如老舍先生的《济南的冬天》一文,描写济南城周围的环境时写道:“小山把济南整个儿围个圈儿,只有北边缺点口儿。这一圈小山在冬天特别可爱,好像把济南放在一个小摇篮里。”景物描写与作者的定点鸟瞰相吻合,自然清晰,形象准确。又如凡妮的《野景偶拾》一文,按照沿途所见,依次描写绕村的溪流,山梁的小路、盆地的高粱、山坡的谷穗、旷野的幽静、落日的霞光、宛如绸带的河流和公路、华美如贝雕的田野和山林。移步换形,有如移舟前进,时过景迁,景观随之改换,给人一种身临其境之感。

2、写景要有选择。

写景时应要有所取有所弃,抓住最能代表彼时彼地特征的景物加以描写,其它的景色则略写或不写。老舍先生的《在烈日和暴雨下》,为了突出天气变化的过程,就着力描写了杨柳的动态:“一点风也没有时——枝条一动懒得动;有一点凉风时——枝条微微动了两下;风大起来时——柳条横着飞。”通过杨柳的动态。显示了风的从无到有、由小到大,而对暴风雨降临时其它景象的变化,作者作了简略处理。这样,抓住特征,既形象地表现了天气变化的过程,又避免了描写的呆板重复,使得文字准确而精练。

3、写景要有情致。

人们观赏景物总是要带有某种感情的。因此,描写时也应该将这种感情一起表达出来,做到寓情于景,情景相映。鲁迅先生的《故乡》一文,反映旧中国农村衰败萧条,日趋破产的悲惨景象时,笔下的景色是“苍黄的天空下,远近横着几个萧索的荒村,没有一些活气。”而脑海中闪现出少年闰土的美好形象时,则为“深蓝的天空中挂着一轮金黄的圆月。”景物描写之中渗透着作者爱憎分明的思想感情。以景促情,情景交融,有力地深化了文章的主题。

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篇4:时评类写作技巧

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时评”可以取材于新闻报道,对新闻事件和人物发表议论,也可以就“身边”事、“心头”事发表意见,只要是关于当下的(现在进行时)意见,就是“时评”。

几种形式

时评写作,最重要的环节就是就事论事,就是对时事本身进行直接的评论。一般有三种类别,一是赞扬式,即对新闻中的人物、事件、工作方法等表示肯定,然后阐释肯定的理由。二是批评式,即对新闻中的人物、事件、工作方法等进行否定,然后从法律、道德等方面找出反对的依据。三是建议式,即提出自己对新闻事件中某个问题的建设性意见。

基本特征

1、讲究“时效性、针对性、准确性、说理性、思想性”。尤其要注重准确性和说理性。

2、在写法上,分为就事论事和就事论理两类。就事论事,就是按照事物本身的性质来评定是非得失,不要求作过多的材料外的拓展和延伸,主要就材料本身进行评议,发表自己的看法,能言之成理,持之有据。就事论理,是对所评之事进行具体深入分析,充分说理,阐明一个道理,而不是停留在就事论事上,以达到“扶正祛邪,激浊扬清”的写作目的。

3、在命题上,具有开放性,可以仁者见仁智者见智。

写作要求

1.选取恰当的当下新闻(话题鲜) 2.确定鲜明独到的观点(观点辣)

3.搜集典型有力的论据(论据杂) 4.运用严密有趣的语言(语言趣)

基本思路

请就下面的材料,联系生活实际,写一篇800字以上的文章。

老师带领学生到建筑工地参加劳动,看到脚手架上悬挂着一副标语:“百年大计,质量第一。”老师问学生:“这八个字有什么含义?我们从中得到什么启示?”

范文示例

百年大计,质量第一

建筑工地上,我们常常可以看到这么一则令人信心百倍的宣传标语:“百年大计,质量第一”。(引述材料)

这的确是一句睿智的口号!(亮出观点)

毫无疑问,建筑,理所当然的是我们生存生活的最基本的物质条件之一;建筑居室,也理所当然的是关系到居民生活水平高低的大硬件之一;它们与人们的生活紧密相关,更是关乎百姓幸福生活的百年大计!因此,建筑工地上,绝不能允许偷工减料,粗制滥造,“豆腐渣”工程横行!而必须坚持“百年大计,质量第一”。(展开一:分析材料——建筑)

由此,我们联想到,作为立国根本的教育事业又何尝不是应“百年大计,质量第一”呢?从这个意义上讲,这条标语有两层含义。其一,“十年树木,百年树人。”教师是人类灵魂的工程师,就应以“塑造人类灵魂”为己任,以“育人育本”的“思想教育”为重点,努力探索,积极实践,做到“质量第一”,努力培养出“思想先进,作风过硬,本领高强”的适合当前现代化建设需要并能与国际接轨的甘于奉献乐于助人且“以天下为己任”的优秀人才。而教育部门的领导者,更应首先把学生综合素质的提高作为主要的工作任务来抓,决不应只重数量不重质量地只管分数靠前而不问素质质量如何。其二,作为学生,也应该以这条标语为座右铭,努力学习,提高自己的思想素质和文化素质从而做到“质量第一”。如果我们的教师和学生都不以“育人育本”的思想质量为高,不以“育人育本”的思想质量和教学质量为重,而只求分数上去了,其他则不管!那么,纵有再多的大学生研究生硕士生博士生博士后也是枉然!这样不仅会使祖国兴旺发达的现代化建设成为泡影,而且和谐社会建设也必将成为一句空话!中国人民又将永陷贫穷落后的万丈深渊之中!赶欧超美也永远只能是“白日梦”!(展开二:由建筑联想到教育—先教师后学生)

由此我们进一步联想到,无论干什么事业都需要强调“质量第一”。今天已是经济一体化全球化的时代,是高科技迅猛发展使地球成为小村落的时代。小而言之,一个企业,只有讲究质量,才能在激烈的国际国内竞争中站稳脚跟;大而言之,我国各方面的规划和建设只有奉行“质量第一”的原则,才能真正占领市场,击败称雄于全球的强烈竞争对手从而赢得真正的胜利。三鹿集团因质量疏忽而宣告破产的沉痛教训,再一次告诉我们:质量是企业的生命,更是国家的生命!哪个国家拥有高质量的人才,拥有高效率的管理,拥有高水平的领导,那么,哪个国家就一定处于世界领先地位!(展开三:事业—先企业后国家)

总之,没有“百年大计,质量第一”的精神,建筑队无法生存,教育无法发展,国家无法昌盛。(总结全文)

学生作文结构提纲与评点:

“述”,看到建筑工地上悬挂的标语“百年大计,质量第一”,(述材料),深思之余,油然而生赞叹之情。(亮观点)

“议”,这不是一句单调的口号,它包含着丰富的内容,有着启发人们心智的强大力量。(分析材料),它立足现实,放眼未来,把人们当前的工作与造福子孙后代的伟大事业挂起钩来,赋予平凡的工作以深远的意义。(稍作拓宽,为下文联系实际张本)

“联”,其实,何止建筑要质量,学校的教学,育人育本,更要讲究质量。青年学生是祖国的未来,是四化建设的未来力量。然而由于他们阅历较浅,辨别是非能力差,所以学校在抓教学质量的同时,不可忽视加强思想的教育,育人育本,质量第一。(联系老师、学生、学校实际来谈)……

无数的事实证明,我们的党,我们的国家,(注意以小见大,由此及彼地推衍),一向都把抓好教育,提高全民族的思想道德素质放在第一位。

“结”,培育人才乃是国家之根本,而培养具有良好的品德修养的人才,更是千年大计万年大计。只有育人育本,讲求质量,社会主义大厦才能永远高高屹立。(小结全篇,干脆而不离题;照应材料,简洁而不重复)

它的基本思路是:引——点——议——联——结

根据例文我们可以归纳出以下的写作模式:

1、开篇引用材料的新闻报道内容。(引)【略】

2、对报道内容进行一些解析作为过渡。(点)【略】

3、从多个角度分析新闻,或阐释其意义,或剖析其谬误。(议)【详】

4、联系社会现实的类似现象,挖掘现象背后的根源。(联)【详】

5、最后从多个层面提出若干个解决问题的“合理化建议”。(结)

除了“联”,驳论与归谬也是时评中运用比较多的技巧。这种时评作文,往往在材料中有针锋相对的观点,这时采用的结构就稍有变化:先破后立。

所谓“先破”,即批驳对方错误码,可以驳观点、驳论扰、驳论证。尤其以驳对方论据的虚假、论证的可笑用得最多。

所谓“后立”,指批驳对方错误之后,再水到渠成地阐述自己的观点、确立自己的观点。

示例:

中学校园里时下流传着一句顺口溜,“一怕文言文、二怕写作文、三怕周树人”,鲁迅的文章生涩难懂,不好学,几乎成了中学校园里师生的“共识”。人民教育出版社新版的语文教材中,鲁迅的作品明显减少,《药》、《为了忘却的纪念》等作品不见了,保留下来的只有《拿来主义》、《祝福》和《记念刘和珍君》3篇,更是引起疑惑:鲁迅的作品真的过时了?一时间,陪伴几代人成长的鲁迅作品,竟然在校园里面临尴尬的境地,是去是留,争议不断。

范文示例:

鲁迅不能远去,更不能删去

中学生随便杜撰的一句顺口溜“一怕文言文,二怕写作文,三怕周树人”,害得鲁迅先生不轻。有些人就借这句话,想删去鲁迅先生的作品,减少鲁迅作品在中学语文课本中的分量(述材料),我看是一种轻率不理智的表现。(亮观点)

大家可以推敲一下中学生的这句顺口溜,怕文言文,我们就要把文言文给删掉?怕写作文,我们就不写作文啦?显然不能。学生所怕的,反而是最有用,最应该加强的。传统国学不要啦?文言文是我们传统文化中的瑰宝,难道因为学生一句不太负责任的顺口溜就轻而易举的删去?写作的重要性就不用多说了,难道因为学生惧怕,我们就不训练写作,就不再运用写作?就取消平日的作文训练?显然十分可笑荒唐!学生毕竟年幼无知,其意见也不定就正确,完全跟着学生感觉走,这是很明显是愚蠢不明智的。(驳对方论据与论证,推出一个荒唐的结果。从而可见,鲁迅经典是不可删的。)

学生喜欢什么样的文章?看看学生读的课外书籍,你就会明白个大概。学生喜欢智慧背囊式的精悍的小美文,学生喜欢有浅显道理的所谓哲理故事,学生喜欢让人心动的情感故事,喜欢《读者》、《青年文摘》等刊物选载的新潮时尚文章。如果你细细分析一下就会发现,学生喜欢的这些快餐式的美其名曰的美文,实际价值不是很大,最多给人一时的心动,不会长久的影响你。这些文章看似美,实际经不起咀嚼,也不会被历史沉淀下来。可是,由于高考、中考大量选用这类文章作为试题,大大影响了学生,给学生严重的误导。现在的高考、中考试卷中,,大多是流行的时尚美文。这些文章,阅读难度不大,语言华丽精彩,学生乐意读。所以,学生在阅读学习鲁迅先生那些有一定历史感现实感的文章时,就要费一点事,就觉得有难度。学生阅读,不想费事,不想费脑子,想的是轻松。很显然,这是有害的。快餐式文化作品,冲击了鲁迅,冲击了那些有一定难度的经典文章。(要论删鲁迅之原因,从反面找原因——学生喜欢什么样的文章,这样有思维。)

鲁迅先生的文章,已经被历史证明有着很高价值的经典作品,他的作品不仅属于那个特殊的时代,也属于今天和未来,所以根本不存在过时的问题。有人说,鲁迅是那个时代的产物。可是,有谁不是时代的产物?谁能超越时代?脱离时代?

因为鲁迅关心社会,关心广大的民众,所以文章带有时代的色彩,留下了时代的烙印。鲁迅的作品是反映现实的,揭露现实的。可是,现在的很多中学生不关心现实,不喜欢看现实主义的作品。学生所喜欢的那些新潮的美文,往往不痛不痒,无病呻吟,和现实有很大的距离。实际上,这是很危险的。

而对鲁迅作品的畏惧和后怕,完全是学生以讹传讹的误导,是对鲁迅作品的误读。这句不负责任的顺口溜,伤害了鲁迅,也坑害了广大青少年。让学生远离鲁迅,不仅是一个天大的错误,而且是实实在在的无知。不是鲁迅作品失去了价值,失去了应有的历史地位,失去了市场,而是我们有些人的误导和错误教育,影响了鲁迅的存在。

我们已经十分无知,我们不能再错。让鲁迅留下来,不容商量!

技法点击

(1)要学会就事论事。就是要求旗帜鲜明发表自己对某件事或某现象的看法,或褒或贬,或弹或赞,实话实说

评“事”不限于一点或一个角度,可以多点或多角度,但需记,所评所说,必须与所评之“事”密切相关,不能游离于“事”高谈阔论。

(2)要为自己的评判写出分析和理由。

评事要言之有理、言之有据,才能评得文明,才能让人心悦诚服,才能收到辨是非、明事理的效果。能把看法说清楚,又能将看法的依据和道理写深写透,这样的时评才是好时评。评者,可以评,可以争,也可以谏、可以讽、可以怨,可以嬉笑怒骂,甚至可以作楚狂之歌。

①叙事议论不蔓不枝。举例新颖,最后一句分析回扣中心。确定一个中心句,并阐明确定中心句的依据。

②论点方面。要做到论点明确,一般有两种方式:a开门见山,开宗明义。b卒章显志,画龙点睛。只有做到论点明确,才能有的放矢。

③论据方面。

不去关注身边最新的时事要闻,热点的科技动态等等,论据就不新颖,就做不到共性和个性相结合,时代性(时代精神)和历史性(有新因素的历史素材)相结合,点(详写事例)和面(略写事例)相结合,叙议相结合,论据就不能为论点服务。

④论证方面,论证时必须叙议结合,即结合事例进行分析。一般可以有以下几种分析方法:因果分析法,假设分析法,条件分析法,意义分析法,比较分析法,辩证分析法。做到叙议结合的论证才是有力的论证。

⑤语言方面。中学生议论语言处于一种“失语”状态,没有属于自己的真的语言。真的语言,应该能让人感觉到一个“鲜活”生命体存在。作为中学生这个特殊年龄阶段的群体,要有一种青春的气势,褒扬真善美,批判假恶丑。

(三)注意拟题

提问法:把人们关心的问题提出来,为读者设置悬念。如《安排就业能不能“优先下一代”?》

数字法:用数字突显出问题的严重性或复杂性,使读者一目了然。如《二十六个百姓摊一个“仆人”》

判断法:用一个表判断的短语点明中心论点,如《恶搞是对批评的滥用》

反问法:用反诘的语气将批驳的事实或要评论的问题提出来,具有震撼人心的效果。如《格言能“震撼”贪官?》

引用法:直接引用要批驳的观点,并给予否定,这样态度鲜明。如《不可盲目“先就业后择业”》

范文赏析

微笑的中国

在“世界的十字路口”,古老而美丽的中国向世人走来,迈着时代的步伐,自信微笑。国家形象片中,中国在微笑;屏幕之下,华夏儿女更应让祖国微笑着走出去,敞开胸怀,让健康的中国形象走遍世界。(概述材料,提出观点)

“软实力”不知何时已成为街头巷尾的热门词汇,是的,在和平与发展的今天,手操导弹肩负战机的形象无疑让人生厌,而偏居一隅不问世事的态度也早已被时代淘汰。中国需要“走出去”的不仅是商品与资金,更是一个健康、微笑的国家形象。我们已受够因不了解而投来的白眼,我们需要打出响亮而有力的名片。

中国的微笑正在一天天愈加鲜明地展现给世界:世博园中志愿者们一张张友好而真诚的笑脸,是上海乃至中国的新颜。友好开放的胸怀、热忱真挚的态度、流利顺畅的语言、全面周到的服务……这些,都是再多高楼大厦、再多高新技术无法取代的国家名片。一句句善意的问候,一张张青春的脸孔,它们在无形中塑造着一个充满活力、充满人情的文明中国、微笑中国。即使“理性”的觉醒已过去百年,人们依然会用最直接的感性认识衡量一个民族:亲切态度远胜高强工业,金戈铁马难匹文明光辉。国家形象中寄寓着民族源远流长的文化血脉,挺立着不朽不折的民族精神傲骨。中国形象走出去,便是文化走出去,一个民族的复兴,需要文化在世界之林中崛起,文化影响力,千金难敌。

当孔子的仁义经典化作琅琅读书声传遍世界,当京剧百转千回的唱腔飘扬到大洋彼岸,当万千华人以越来越积极地态度在全球贡献光热,我们不难相信,我们正在见证国家形象的崛起,民族文明的复兴。(评析材料,深入分析)

然而,我们又绝不仅仅是见证者,我们当做时代巨浪中的一滴水,纵然气力微薄,也要尽己所能。我们无法在时代广场的屏幕上微笑问候,却可以在生活中为中国人的形象添一分友爱;我们无法站在世界的舞台上传送经典,却可以在一点一滴中让社会文明一些。事实上,真正组成中国形象的不只是光鲜的伟人,不只是各色的文艺,而更是我们,是亿万个平凡的我们。缔造微笑中国,我们责无旁贷。(联系实际,提出倡议)

五千年风雨,五千年屹立,中国有过传说般的富饶,有过史书上的安康,有过列强瓜分的屈辱,有过抗击外敌的坚强。而如今,重新出发的中国洗去“天朝上国”的姿态,摘去“东亚病夫”的污名,以微笑、自信的形象再次走向世界。微笑的中国,需要你我的推动。

愿有一日,得见中华巨龙腾而上,万里不止,中国的微笑在你我奋斗中闪耀世!(总结全文,升华主题)

附:作文题目

美国纽约时报广场是一个繁华的城市商业街区,这里广告林立,被称为“世界的十字路口”。2011年1月17号到2月14号期间,首部中国国家形象片在广场的大屏幕上持续滚动播放。中国各行各业的59位杰出代表,如袁隆平、杨利伟、马云、郎朗、姚明、邰丽华等人在片中展现了他们微笑、自信的形象。10月1日,时报广场户外显示屏上又出现了中国先哲孔子的形象,与熙来攘往的人群融为一体。 要求:根据以上材料,自选角度,自拟题目,联系实际,写一篇不少于800字的文章,诗歌除外,文体不限。

用心培育一个读书的民族

中外官员同台发言时,我总心生羞愧之感:西方的官们风趣、幽默,观点新颖、条理清楚,思维敏捷、表达优雅;而我们官们几乎都是满口的套话、空话,显得平庸无趣,江郎才尽,大失水准。口拙的背后的原因应该是:我们官们大概是不怎么读书的。

不读书的不限于官们,更可扩大到“国人”。不少人对“不读书”有着切肤之感:很多人离开学校以后就几乎与书籍绝缘了。许多家庭,高档电器一应俱全,唯独没有几本书。有资料称:以色列每年人均读书是55本,俄罗斯是50本,美国是44本,我们只有4本,而且百分之九十是教参和教科书。相比之下,还有几本真正意义的书可称得上读过?

中国人不读书当然有很多理由。政府官员无暇读书,他们忙着应酬,忙着出国考察和谈项目;商人不用读书,因为中国是“仕场经济”,而不是知识经济,读书值几个钱?工人农民读不进书,他们受教育程度低,收入也低,读书对于他们是一件奢侈的事情。教师没有精力读书,中学教师工作太累,没有精力读书,大学教师在为课题交差而读书,确切地说,是翻书,是查书。真正的阅读,超越功利的心灵阅读,恐怕是很少很少的。

一个民族不读书,这个民族的文化就丧失了创造性、批判性,个人就会被群体所淹没。国人为什么不读书?我仔细揣摩,大致有以下几个方面的原因:一是国人贫怕了,穷惯了,挣钱的机会突然多了起来,大家忙于挣钱,心浮气躁,自然难以静下心来读书。二是中国传统中缺乏对于纯粹精神的崇尚。“万般皆下品,唯有读书高”,只因为读书可以做官,可以成为“劳心者治人”的“人上人”,赤裸裸的功利取向。三是没有培养起良好的阅读习惯和理智的好奇心。应试教育的泛滥使学生自由阅读的空间变得十分狭小,并使学生从小养成阅读的功利取向。

一个读书的民族一定是一个智慧的民族,一个充满生机与活力的民族,一个必定有着光明前途的民族。过去我们讲:一个人的心灵,高尚的东西不去占领,低下的东西就会趁虚而入。一个不读书的民族,是不会具有智慧和力量的,也不会具有崇高。以色列是全世界人均读书量最大的国家。直到今天,以色列人口也不过六百多万,而它在全世界是一个很有影响力的国家。读书对于一个民族的重要性可见一斑。

看过一幅对联:“为善最乐,读书更佳”,为善之乐在于“予”,读书之佳在于“取”。读书是一种可以忘乎所以悠然的自足,只要一卷在手,便可以拥有许多许多。是的,有两种东西能让人的心灵永葆青春:真爱与好书。为了让我们的内心不再脆弱,让我们的心灵拥有力量,让读书成为幸福人生的秘诀。

小悦悦走了,但愿天堂里没有冷漠

小悦悦走了,因这个社会的残忍与冷漠。小悦悦走了,还未来得及鲜花盛开,还没有阅读世间繁华,没有领略人间美好,就这样走了。

面对小悦悦的撒手人寰,我们每个人都应该默哀,在内心深处点一支叫做良知的蜡烛。这支蜡烛照不出小悦悦的明亮未来,却能照出我们人性的小,照出人间的苦难与挣扎,照出这个尘世的灰暗和阴冷。

小悦悦的辞世又让无数人泪流,不能自已。我想,过不了几天人们便会忘记小悦悦,忘记我们的道德苦痛。“时光永是流逝,街市依旧太平”,小悦悦身上流淌在街道上的殷红血迹,会很快被淡忘和冷漠冲洗得一干二净。

但愿我们别过早地遗忘小悦悦。遗忘是一种罪!记住小悦悦,记住18个冷漠路人,记住我们每个人身上粗劣的道德伤疤。如果我们继续麻木,继续健忘,那么,发生在小悦悦身上的悲剧,一定会在我们身上残忍重现。小悦悦的悲剧,是在以一种极端残忍、极端血腥的方式,告诉我们:道德病了,人心病了,制度也病了,而且病得不轻。可预料的是,如果我们再不自我救赎,比小悦悦悲剧更残忍的事情还会出现。

惟一值得欣慰的是,还有拾荒阿婆陈贤妹,有了她,我们才不至于输得太惨。于是,有人感叹,一个国家的良心被一个拾荒的捡了起来!当社会良知以惊人的速度沉降,仅有一个阿婆是远远不够的。我们不能做虚无的道德鼓吹者,如果自己不洗澡,反倒要求别人讲卫生,显得多么苍白。

你所站立的那个地方,正是你的中国。你怎么样,中国便怎么样。你是什么,中国便是什么。你有光明,中国便不黑暗。学者崔卫平如是说。因此,我们不妨扪心自问,如果我们在小悦悦受伤现场,我们是十八分之一,还是第十九人?如果我们只是感叹,只是抱怨,只是嘲笑冷漠,只是做口头道德家,我们站立的地方怎能光明?你有良知,中国便不会沉沦;你有尊严,中国便不会糟糕;你找准了正确的方向,中国便不会后退……

针对“小悦悦事件”,广东省委书记汪洋呼吁:“我们每一个人都要用良知的尖刀来深刻解剖自身存在的丑陋……”诚然,无论是官员,还是普通公民,如果都能用良知的尖刀来深刻解剖自身存在的丑陋,我们的社会就还有救,我们的国家就值得信赖。

有人说,小悦悦是冷漠祭坛上的祭品,到了该拆除祭坛的时候了。记住小悦悦,记住我们的罪愆,从官到民、从民到官,从道德呼喊到制度重建、从修复制度之伤到道德行动,这或许是自我救赎的惟一方式。

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篇5:冬天的作文写作技巧

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导语:冬天来了,描写冬天的作文、描写冬天景色的作文、冬天的校园作文是必不可少的。在写景作文中,如何把景物描写详略得当,寓情于景,把文章写的有吸引力,一定的写作技巧是非常必要的。下面和小编一起来看看吧!

一、写景作文的开头方法

1、开门见山。开头直接写某个季节到来时你想写的景物。譬如你想写冬天,你可以这样开头:冬爷爷的脚步越来越近了,我仿佛看到了他带着白色的雪精灵来了。

2、反问句开头。提出问题开头,引发读者兴趣,吸引读者的注意力,这种作文,要体现出与读者对话的色彩。譬如写冬天,你可以这样开头:在一年四季里,你最喜欢哪个季节呢?春的明媚,夏的热情,秋的收获,冬的冰雪,各具特色,精彩纷呈。我最喜欢冬的白雪纷飞,银装素裹。

3、引用法。在描写冬的景色时可以用:忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。等诗句来形容以让自己的文章更加的生动形象。应该注意的是,一是开头不宜过长,老师提倡的是50-80字,也就是说,最好控制你的作文稿纸的三行半,最好别超过5行。一旦超过,就显得“头重”了。二是语言要优美,要搜集些精美的词语,是开头显得文采飞扬。三是适当采用修辞方法,如拟人、比喻、排比等,使语言显得生动活泼,通顺流畅。

二、写景作文的层次和顺序

1、描写的景物固定,时间不固定——以时间来分类。

2、时间固定,描写的景物不固定——冬天的作文就可以写雪后的不同景象所展现出的状态,如落满了雪的地面,屋顶,或是还没落满雪,还能隐约可以看见水的小溪。

3、地点固定,时间也固定——以空间顺序分类。这种方法适用于冬天去游览某一景区,比如去某公园,就可以写先到了哪里看到了什么。

三、写景的几个要素

第一步是观察:观察是写好作文的基础,对于写景作文来说,离开了细致准确的观察,是绝对写不好的。观察必须确立好立足点。立足点可以是固定的 ( 空间方位 ) ,也可以是变换的 ( 移步换景 ) 。但无论怎样必须层次清楚。

第二步是抓住特征:写景物,要善于抓住在不同地区、不同季节、不同时间里的景物颜色、形态、声响、变化等方面的特征,不能生搬硬套,如冬天可以用白雪皑皑,银装素裹,瑞雪纷飞等形容词来形容,这样可以让你的作文更加的生动起来。

第三、要层次分明:层次就是文章的内容顺序,也即表达顺序。先写什么后写什么,心里要有数。比如可以先写近景再写远景,最后可以寓情于景,达到升华主题的目的。

第四、要动静结合:所谓动静结合,就是指描写景色时,不仅要写出景色的静态,而且要写出它的动态,使景色才能活起来,使读者的印象更深刻。例:夜里,下雪了,雪花簌簌的往下落。第二天,我推开门一看,对面的山白了,田野也白了。眼前的院子里也是一片白色,小狗在雪上踩着,踩出了一片小巧的梅花。

第五、要抒发感情,任何景物都是客观存在的,但这种客观存在的景物却能给人不同的感受。我们写景要写自己热爱的景色,表达一定的主题思想,要表达出对自然的热爱,这就是借景抒情。如:在写家乡的冬天时,可以表达我对家乡的喜爱或是思念,而这样的喜爱与思念就融入在我们所描绘的景中。

【范文】

冬季到了,气候慢慢冷了。树上的树叶像被剃头刀剃过的同样,光秃秃的。马路上的人们穿上了厚厚的棉袄,戴上了厚厚的帽子。小朋友的脖子也缩进了厚厚的衣领里。呼呼的冬风刮在脸上像刀子刺的同样。

一天凌晨,我推开门一看,院子里本来光秃的树上溘然“开”满了皎白的“梨花”。抬眼望去,远处更是银装素裹、花团簇拥,真是“忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开”呀!再看看地上,宛若盖上了一层厚厚的棉被。啊,原来昨天夜里下了一场大雪。

我弯下腰,从地上捧起一把雪,细心地看了又看,发现雪花毛茸茸、亮晶晶的,宛若是一件件优美的艺术品。但是还没来得及细细把玩,它便消散得无影无踪。

我轻轻地走在雪地上,听着那“咯吱咯吱”的声响,我的心啊,都快沉醉了!

俗语说:“瑞雪兆丰年”。农人伯伯又要迎来一个充溢期望的春季了。

我爱冬季!

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篇6:小学升初中作文掌握的写作技巧

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小升初是小学当中非常关键的一年,那么我们在小升初的时候怎么去把写作搞好呢,那么我们现在必须要掌握好一些作文技巧,我们在小升初需要掌握那个写作技巧呢?

一、审题

这是写作文首先要做好的事,否则,就会直接导致“文不对题”,“下笔千言,离题万里”。怎样才能审好题呢?根据通常的作文题目的形式来看,一般可分为命题作文和材料作文两大类。对命题作文的审题,就是要审查给定的文章题目确定的具体要求,审清文题意图,明晰题外要求,确定“题眼”。通过审题,明确作文的内容范围、时间范围、数量范围、人称范围、处所范围等。不能超出给定的范围。对材料作文的审题,主要从两个方面去把握:一是与材料的思想内容要“形影不离”,二是与作文形式的要求“丝丝入扣”。

1。命题作文

我们先重点谈一下关于命题作文的审题,要注意做好哪些事情。

确定内容范围

有的题目,对写作内容做出规定。所以,审题时,要确定题目规定的内容范围:记人的,要记什么人;叙事的,要叙什么事;写景的,要写什么景;状物的,要状什么物,等等。

精彩习作-----童年趣事

童年,是一方没有莠草、污秽的净土,是一片无遮无拦明朗的天空。这里流淌的纯真与甜美,总会使人产生难以忘怀的回忆。

记得我4岁那年,迷信的奶奶告诉我:“要是剪掉了胳膊上的毛,会变成疯子。”幼稚而好奇的我听了以后,半信半疑,手痒痒的,老是想试试看,但又怕家人和亲戚为我担心。可是没试,就老是惦记着,越惦记,就越是想试。

于是,我准备马上试。我拿出那可怕的剪刀,用颤抖的右手慢慢地靠近左手胳膊上的一根毫毛。刚要剪,我又停了下来。心想:“我要是真的变成一个疯子,会不会像老鼠过街一样人人喊打?爸爸、妈妈和奶奶会不会不再疼爱这个傻孩子了?”我越想越害怕。我犹豫了许久,才把胳膊上的毛剪掉了。一剪完,我什么都不顾地钻进被窝里,不知不觉就睡着了。醒来时,我发现,我还是原来的我,一个正常的小女孩。于是,我不顾一切,高兴地蹦到奶奶身边,撒娇地说:“奶奶呀,奶奶!我今天剪了胳膊上的一根毫毛,可没变成疯子啊!”奶奶听了以后,笑了笑,摸着我的小脑袋,没说什么。

这件童年趣事已留在我记忆的闸门里。但随着年龄的增长,我懂得了:凡事要相信科学,不能相信迷信。

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篇7:2024小升初命题作文作文写作技巧

全文共 5404 字

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根据通常的作文题目的形式来看,一般可分为命题作文和材料作文两大类。对命题作文的审题,就是要审查给定的文章题目确定的具体要求,审清文题意图,明晰题外要求,确定“题眼”。通过审题,明确作文的内容范围、时间范围、数量范围、人称范围、处所范围等。不能超出给定的范围。对材料作文的审题,主要从两个方面去把握:一是与材料的思想内容要“形影不离”,二是与作文形式的要求“丝丝入扣”。

我们本次重点谈一下关于命题作文的审题,要注意做好哪些事情。

一、确定内容范围

有的题目,对写作内容做出规定。所以,审题时,要确定题目规定的内容范围:记人的,要记什么人;叙事的,要叙什么事;写景的,要写什么景;状物的,要状什么物,等等。

精彩习作——童年趣事

童年,是一方没有莠草、污秽的净土,是一片无遮无拦明朗的天空。这里流淌的纯真与甜美,总会使人产生难以忘怀的回忆。

记得我4岁那年,迷信的奶奶告诉我:“要是剪掉了胳膊上的毛,会变成疯子。”幼稚而好奇的我听了以后,半信半疑,手痒痒的,老是想试试看,但又怕家人和亲戚为我担心。可是没试,就老是惦记着,越惦记,就越是想试。

于是,我准备马上试。我拿出那可怕的剪刀,用颤抖的右手慢慢地靠近左手胳膊上的一根毫毛。刚要剪,我又停了下来。心想:“我要是真的变成一个疯子,会不会像老鼠过街一样人人喊打?爸爸、妈妈和奶奶会不会不再疼爱这个傻孩子了?”我越想越害怕。我犹豫了许久,才把胳膊上的毛剪掉了。一剪完,我什么都不顾地钻进被窝里,不知不觉就睡着了。醒来时,我发现,我还是原来的我,一个正常的小女孩。于是,我不顾一切,高兴地蹦到奶奶身边,撒娇地说:“奶奶呀,奶奶!我今天剪了胳膊上的一根毫毛,可没变成疯子啊!”奶奶听了以后,笑了笑,摸着我的小脑袋,没说什么。

这件童年趣事已留在我记忆的闸门里。但随着年龄的增长,我懂得了:凡事要相信科学,不能相信迷信。

精彩点击

①小作者通过回忆的方式,记述了剪胳膊毛的故事。这件事既是童年发生的,又十分有趣,符合文题要求。

②事情的过程交代得很清楚,人物心理描写生动、逼真。

③结尾点明从中懂得的道理,深化了文章主题。

二、确定时间范围

有的题目,从时间上规定了写作范围。因此,作文必须是反映规定时间范围内的事。

精彩习作——当老师不在的时候

“丁零——”,早读课的铃声响起来了,但老师却迟迟没来上课。作为值日班长的我,焦急地朝老师来的方向望着。

忽然,走廊上传来“咯咯咯”急促的脚步声,接着是一声响亮的“报告!”我回头一看,原来是语文老师的邻居张清同学。只见她脸涨得通红,上气不接下气地说:“糟了,语文老师她——病了——不能来上课了。”我听了,心里像乱麻似的。这可怎么办呢?同学们也你一言我一语地议论起来,班里“沸腾”了。

我的大脑飞快地运转着:“现在老师不在,该怎么办才好?今天我是值日班长,应该管好班级。现在……对,就这样!”于是,我清清嗓子,快步走上讲台,大声说,“现在请同学们安静!”大家立刻停止了讲话,全班55双眼睛齐刷刷地望着我。我像小老师一样站在讲台上指挥着大家。“小芬,你来领读!”“第几课?”“17课。”于是,同学们便大声地开始了早读,顿时,教室里书声朗朗。

虽然班上暂时安定下来了,但我仍然万分焦急。因为早读课后,就是早操课了,没有老师带队,我怕同学们会乱。时间马上要到了,我急得直跺脚。老师怎么还不来呀!铃声响了,我只好硬着头皮对大家说:“同学们,今天老师没来,早操课由我带队,希望大家有秩序地上好这堂课。”“是!”同学们异口同声地回答。尽管如此,我仍放心不下,生怕出什么乱子。但我的担心是多余的——同学们遵守纪律,队伍整齐,动作一致,比老师在时还要好呢!我心里的一块石头终于落了地。

当我把队伍带回教室时,发现老师已经在等我们了。老师的脸上露出欣慰的笑容,我也从心底里感到高兴。

精彩点击

①扣题准确,时间范围是“当老师不在的时候”。

②条理清晰,清楚地叙述了老师不在时“我”大胆、妥当地处理了两件事——早读和上早操。

③叙述得当,人物心理活动和事情经过真实、自然。

三、确定数量范围

有的作文题目,对选材的数量做出规定。审题时必须注意,不能超范围选题。选材多了,不但没功,反而有错。

精彩习作——发生在考试后的一件事

期中考试结束了,孟老师让我和中队长李海霞在办公室里批数学卷子。翻出自己的卷子,对着标准答案一道道批下去,最后总分一加,98分。我心里甜滋滋的。可是一想,自己做的卷子自己批改,别人知道了一定会说这说那。于是,我请李海霞给我复查一下。李海霞看了一遍说:“没错,是98分。看来你是全班第一了,真不简单!”我说:“还没批完,也许还有比我答得更好的呢!”可心里却暗自高兴了。哼,要不是第一名,我这数学课代表可怎么当呢?我一边哼着歌一边继续批改,忽然发现有一张卷子得了99分。一看名字,是语文课代表李世华!我真有点不相信自己的眼睛——李世华语文比我好,可数学每次都比不上我,这次怎么爬到我头上了?我瞪大眼睛,对着标准答案,重新逐道题进行检查,连一个小数点也不放过。可是实在找不到能再扣分的地方。我心里暗暗想着:一个数学课代表,平时成绩总是全班第一,这次竟考不过语文课代表,太丢丑了。今后老师和同学们又会怎样看待我呢?想到这里,我心一横,在一条答案上扣了2分,将李世华的总分改为97分。我心想,就是不让你超过我!

这件事做完后,不知怎的,我心里总是忐忑不安,脸上发烧,头上直冒冷汗,握笔的手也颤抖起来。李海霞仍在专心致志地批改着。我探过头去,只见她在一个潦草的数字上打了一个鲜红的“×”。我说:“你批得太严了,这个数字是对的,就是没有写清楚。”说着,我翻开卷子一看,原来是李海霞的。

这时,我感到自己的脸烧得更厉害了,两眼不敢正视李海霞,怕她发现我的狼狈相。我赶快把李世华的卷子翻出来,把97分改成99分。然后我舒畅地松了一口气,心上的石头终于落地了……

精彩点击

①这篇作文的题目规定了要写考试后的“一件事”,因此,作者只选择了一件事来写。

②事情经过写得绘声绘色,足以反映作者由“虚荣”到改变“虚荣”的心理过程,语言表达真实、生动。

四、确定人称范围

有的作文题目对写作的人称做了规定,审题时要依照要求确定人称范围,明确是写自己的还是写别人的,该用第一人称的,就绝对不能用第二人称或第三人称。

精彩习作——我的同桌

“倒霉,真倒霉!”新学期刚开始,班主任老师就把一个学习很差的男生调到我旁边,与我同桌。当时我真生气,因为他什么也不会,所以我很讨厌他,时刻都想离他远远的。

他的名字叫毛宏伟,长得圆头圆脑,看上去傻乎乎的。每天早上我来到学校,这个“讨厌鬼‘就已经在座位上了。他看见我来了,就笑眯眯地说:”吴瑶,你来了!“可是,我却不领情,总是狠狠地瞪他一眼。很多次,我都把擦完墨水的废纸扔到他的桌子里,他从不说什么,只是憨厚地冲我一笑,把废纸扔到垃圾箱里。于是,我假装看不见老师写在黑板上的字,就站起来,故意使劲朝他那边挤,经常把他挤到地上,摔个”屁股开花“。但他还是不在意地微微一笑,然后从地上爬起来。

上周三,第三节课下课时,有个同学叫我给他讲解一道题。当我讲完题向座位走去时,老师已经在发家庭作业本了。我们的桌子上放着一好一坏两个本子,毛宏伟正坐在座位上。我本想跑过去抢那个好本子但又怕同学嘲笑我,所以只好自认倒霉,心想:像他这样讨厌鬼,一定会把好本子抢去的。可是情形却恰恰相反,毛宏伟的举动令我大吃一惊,只见他毫不犹豫地把那个被撕了个大口子的“烂”本子拿了过去写好自己的名字,又把那个完好无损的本子放在我的桌上。多么令人吃惊的一个举动啊!他的行为令我惭愧,使我的心怦怦直跳。要知道,这不是一个简单的动作,它包含着一种真挚的感情,体现着一种高尚的品质。

我的同桌啊,他真的令我刮目相看!和他相比,我显得那么渺小。虽然他在考试卷上不能获得理想的成绩,在作文选里不能发表优秀的文章,但是,我从他的行为中看到他有闪光的心灵。

精彩点击

①文中“我是我,他是他”,人称用法准确,合乎文题要求。

②用“我”和“他”的对比,突出表现“我”的私心和“他”的可贵之处。很有感染力和说服力。

五、确定处所范围

有的题目规定了处所范围。这就要求我们在审题时必须依照文题要求,把握住事情发生的地点,不能把应在操场上发生的事搞到野外去。

精彩习作——厨房里的歌舞晚会

一天晚上,我在床上睡觉。突然,厨房里“丁东丁东”的声音把我吵醒了。我穿好衣服,悄悄来到厨房门口,把门开了一条小缝。透过门缝,我看见锅子、筷子、勺子、碗儿在开一个盛大的歌舞晚会。想不到导演竟是锅子先生,更想不到的是桌子竞成了这个盛大晚会的舞台。

“现在,晚会正式开始”,主持人勺子小姐说,“首先,由筷子小姐和碗儿先生表演舞蹈——探戈舞。”那一对儿真是跳得好极了。他们抬头挺胸,精神百倍,跳得真像样儿,得到了观众一阵又一阵的掌声。

勺子小姐来到台前,做了个漂亮的亮相,又说:“下面,请杯子先生给大家讲故事。”杯子先生讲得活灵活现,不愧为“故事大王”。

“接下来,是锅子先生和铲子小妹的厨艺表演!”主持人说。锅子和铲子是最好的厨艺兄妹,他们做了红烧肉、绿青菜等给观众品尝。品尝完美味的菜肴之后,主持人说:“让我们在歌声中散会吧!”

这时,夜已深了,我也该回去睡觉了。真没想到,厨房里的小精灵们这么多才多艺。

精彩点击

①这是一篇拟人童话,有很强的趣味性。可见“梦”也能变成作文的!

②作者通过童话情趣来启发想象,愉悦心灵,好!

③“处所”集中又合理。“厨房”就是剧场,“锅、碗、勺”等就是演员;这些“演员”在“厨房”里演戏才是最适合的。

六、确定“题眼”

“题眼”就是作文题目中的关键词,它是作文标题意思的核心,是作文要反映的具体内容的重点所在。

学习、做事都要抓住关键,这个道理用在作文上,就是要抓住“题眼”这个关键。

精彩习作——一件趣事

每年春节,爸爸都得咬牙到理发厅去“慷慨”一把。今年春节又快到了,妈妈赌气买回了全套理发用具,准备“自力更生”了。

爸爸回来了,我和妈妈一唱一和,对他“软硬兼施”:从外面理发价格的昂贵,说到每节约一分钱对家庭经济腾飞的重要性。我们凭着三寸不烂之舌,终于战胜了爸爸。我和妈妈把他按到椅子上,爸爸抬起头叹了口气:“好吧,豁出去了!”颇有些英勇赴难的气概。

在妈妈剪刀的“咔咔”声中,爸爸的头发眼看着被一圈一圈地剪下来。这时,妈妈说:“你这是背头,太不时兴了,改‘偏分’吧!”“行啊!”爸爸表示同意。一会儿,妈妈又自语:“再不然改‘板寸’?”爸爸一脸的无奈,苦笑着说:“无所谓,不就是一个秃瓢嘛!”

“剪完了!”妈妈一声吆喝。我一看爸爸的头型,噗!刚喝进嘴里的水一下喷了出来,我蹲在地上笑得喘不过气来。爸爸的头上就像扣了一块西瓜皮,还扣歪了。爸爸边照镜子,边无比珍惜地抚摩那已经少得可怜的头发,戏谑地说:“这一来,让我领导发型新潮流了。”妈妈在一旁嘟囔:“是剪子不太好用,再说和剪羊毛也不是一个劲儿。”我忍住笑,赶忙圆场:“好了好了,开业大吉,第一位顾客免费……”

精彩点击

①习作写的是一件很平常的事——妈妈给爸爸理发,但表现了和睦家庭的欢乐气氛。

②“趣”表现在:爸爸“英勇赴难”的气概、对秃瓢头型的无奈以及朴实诙谐的语言。这些,都源自小作者对日常生活的仔细观察。

③通过可以领悟到:只要仔细观察、用心体会,从日常生活许多普普通通的事情中,都能提炼出有“趣”的事来。

七、确定比喻意义

比喻,就是打比方,是一种常用的修辞方法。这种修辞方法有助于形象地说明问题。我们平时见到的作文题中,有很多运用了这种修辞方法。因此,弄清文题的喻意,就显得非常重要。例如,文题“难忘的一幕”,其中的“一幕”本该是指舞台上的演出。但它具有比喻意义,可以用来说明生活中的一瞥、一个镜头、一个场面等。因此,在作文前,必须先确定好它的比喻意义,以增加文章的内涵。

精彩习作——难忘的一幕

那是去年的事了。一个星期天的中午,奶奶带我上街去玩,回家的时候,我们在人民南路公共汽车站等车。

“啪”的一声,一位叔叔吐了口痰。浓浓的痰丝挂在路边的花坛上,大家看了都觉得很不顺眼。这时,走来一位值勤的老奶奶,她说:“小伙子,你违反了城市卫生管理规定,请把你吐的痰擦干净,还要罚款5元。”那个叔叔脖子一歪,说:“谁吐痰了?你看见我吐痰了?”老奶奶耐心地说:“大家都看见了!”那位叔叔却怎么也不承认,还和老奶奶吵了起来。忽然,吵声停住了,我顺着大家的目光望去,只见一位小男孩正用一张纸仔细地擦着痰迹。他大约四五岁,脸蛋红扑扑的,穿着草绿色的军装,腰上还别了一支玩具小手枪。人们都愣住了。小男孩擦完后,穿过慢车道,把纸丢进果皮箱里。然后,他走到老奶奶面前,一字一顿地说:“老奶奶,我没有钱,我把这支枪给你行吗?” 老奶奶抚摩着他的头说:“乖孩子,你又没有吐痰,为什么要你的玩具枪呢?” 小男孩说:“是我爸爸吐了痰,我替他交钱。”

那个叔叔的脸“刷”地一下红了,急忙从西服口袋里掏出五元钱,塞到老奶奶手里,转身拉着小男孩匆匆离去,消失在人群中……

精彩点击

①小作者在作文中反映的这“一幕”是现实生活中的一个真实的镜头。是在一个特定的场合发生的一件使人可气、又令人深思的事。把握住了文题的喻意。很好。

②在这“一幕”里反映了一个“父子交锋”的场面——粗俗的爸爸在童心如水的孩子面前无地自容。紧凑、生动。揭示了问题使这“一幕”显得有内容、有价值。

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篇8:英语高分写作指导

全文共 879 字

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一、注意审题

小作文的审题(即审读材料)很重要,决定着文章的成败。因为一个小作文的材料中,往往隐含了若干个写作要求,如不细心审读,抓不到这些隐含的要求,就很容易出现错误。例如:

一个孩子乘母亲不在,将家里的小闹钟拆了,母亲见后……

要求;根据上面的材料,展开想象,如果你是母亲,如何处置这个事情。请写出一个200字左右的处置过程。

这个小作文便隐含四个要求:(1)〝母亲见后〞,时间上必须要从母亲看见闹钟被拆之后写起;(2)〝如果你是母亲〞,行文中写作者必须是小孩的 母亲,必须以小孩子母亲的身份出现,不能这样写:〝如果我是这位母亲,我会这样处置……〞;(3)〝200字左右〞,字数限定在200字左右;(4)〝处 置过程〞,内容只能写处置的过程,而不能写结果和其他。

二、注意语言的简洁

这一点体现在两方面。其一,小作文字数一般是100┄300字,受篇幅限制,语言要求简洁明了。其二,如果是写应用文,则语言也一定要简洁,因为语言简洁是应用文写作的最基本要求。

三、力求结构完整

小作文是片断性作文,而非篇章。虽如此,但不能一味忽略结构的完整性。一篇小作文如果能够做到结构完整,则效果会更好。例如:

在你的身边有许多可亲可爱的事物,请你任选其中一种,以《我眼里的___________》为题写一篇200字左右的短文。

有位学生在叙写完一只小猫的伶俐乖巧后,篇末一句〝我非常喜爱我家的小猫〞独句成段,这样,既抒发了情感,又收束了全文,使短文结构完整,比那些一味描写小猫的文章要好得多了。

要做到结构完整,可运用以下的结构方式:前后照应式、篇末点题式、总分总式(包括总分式和分总式)等。

四、注意表达方式的运用

受文体的制约,一篇文章总以某种表达方式为主,同时兼用其他表达方式为主。小作文也应注意这一点。如江西省2002年中考语文小作文题为二选 一,(1)通过某一情景或场面,描写你最喜欢的色彩。(2)就你最喜欢的色彩,发表议论。无论选哪一题,或描写、或议论,总得以一种表达方式为主。但如果 能兼用其他表达方式,如兼用议论和抒情,表达自己对某种色彩的某中看法和喜爱之情,则能使短文大为增色。

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篇9:英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

全文共 45713 字

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下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言,考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章,然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分,特别建议你熟读,背诵,因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白,表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累,潜移默化。从某种意义上说,提高英语写作能力无捷径可走,你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关,没有任何人能代替你过。

因此,建议你下点苦功夫,把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况,并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心:你可以这个星期背,下个星期忘。这没有关系,相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后,你会惊讶的发现:I can think in English now!

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

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篇10:中考记叙文写作技巧指点

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中考作文最常的考的就是记叙文、议论文,不同的文体有着不一样的写作技巧,下面是小编为你带来的中考记叙文写作技巧指点,欢迎阅读。

1.要重视立意,注意多点题。

立意就是确立文章的主题,主题是作者在一篇文章中表现出来的思想认识,它体现了一个作者对写作对象(写进文章中的材料)认识的高度。一个考生的积极进取的思想意识,健康高尚的道德情操,科学辩证的思想方法,往往在他的文章中表现出来。相反,作文中表现出来的对社会生活、人物事件等方面的低俗、幼稚的认识,也反映出文章作者思想上的不成熟。同时,写作记叙文要注意多点题,可在首尾通过议论点题,可在文中通过议论或文中人物的对话、心理描写点题,而结尾的议论点题一般是必不可少的。

2.要选好题材,准确且新颖。

可以是题材本身新,也可以是手法新,旧题材写出新意。题材还可以也应该进行合理虚构。选材时,要尽量写校园外的,要尽量写自己熟悉的,要尽量写有一定的典型性的(能够以小见大),要尽量写一个片断,要尽量写能展开的(展开后能"出彩"的)。

3.要设计线索,能纲举目张。

线索是记叙性作品中把全部材料贯串成一个有机整体的脉络。繁杂、零碎的材料(人、事、景、物)如果没有一条清晰的线索来连缀、贯穿,就会互不关联,杂乱无章;有了线索,文章就能纲举目张,浑然一体,更好地表现中心。清楚的线索应该是有利于读者识别、发现的,如标题、穿插的抒情议论、反复出现的某个物体或词句等。其设计方式则灵活多样:可以是某个人物、某个事件、某种物体,可以是时间的推移、空间的转换,也可以是感情的变化,等等。应试时,我们可以根据中心表达的需要,灵活选择。

4.要感情真挚,能打动读者。

考场作文要写真实的"我",让"我"的激情在文中闪光。当然感人的事并非就一定要是痛彻心扉、悲惨至极,矫揉造作、夸张失实的作品反而令人见之生厌、读之无味;真挚的感情首先来源生活的真实,一个普通的但常常会被人忽视的瞬间却让人感受到沉重的滋味。

相对来说,高中学生的记叙能力强过说理能力,所以"文体自选"时最好选择记叙文。

例文[话题:感情亲属和对事物的认知]

隔着代沟,我望见了您

湖北考生

已经不记得上一次好好地看您是什么时候了,父亲。

我只记得那时的您,头发乌黑,皮肤泛着古铜色的光。青年时期的下乡生活,让您有了健康的体魄,也让您在纷繁的社会中变得寡言少语。

自我上高中以来,您就很少管过我。有人说"儿随母,女随父"。在我的生活中,更多的是妈妈的教育和关怀。我几乎每天都要和她谈笑,却很少能跟您讲上一句话。妈妈总是关心我这,关心我那,而在我眼中,您总是坐在您自己的角落里,研究着自己的股票。我总觉得您根本不关心我,我总觉得您是家中的一个外人。

随着感情的疏远,我发现我渐渐地不认得您了。"代沟",这可真是个神奇的东西。

中考离我越来越近,可您却离我越来越远。虽然您也开始不时地说些什么,您也开始每天按时往我嘴里塞各种各样的补品,可对我来讲,那些话远不如妈妈讲得动听。而塞药时我甚至感觉,您是一个"医生",而不是一个父亲。感情的疏远,似乎真的隔断了认知。

考前的那几天学校放假,您让我到您的学校复习。您带着我去了您的学校,让我在办公室等着,自己去清理一间教室出来。我一人待在办公室里无聊,就走下楼去,走到那间教室门口。教室里您忙碌的身影晃动着。我突然意识到我很久没有好好看看您了。

我一声不响地走进去。您还在忙着。光线并不明亮,我却看到了您头上几点晃眼的光。我头一次注意到您有白头发了。您费力地搬着桌子,额头上已经闪着莹莹的光。这就是我的父亲啊,曾几何时家里重活一人包的父亲,竟也变得这样虚弱!您还是老了啊!

那一刻,我突然感觉一股冲击从心底喷薄而出,震动着我的全身。我觉得那是源自割不断的亲情,那是心底的回音。突然找回了被父爱包围的感觉,这父爱不像从前那样广博而无微不至,但它却更深沉,更能激起我内心的共鸣。我觉得我重新认识了您。

也许您还没有感觉到我的觉醒,也许在您眼中我还是那个对您冷若冰霜不屑一顾的小男孩。可您一定知道,只要亲情不断,血脉相连,我一定会认识到父爱的伟大。感情也许会疏远,可无论这代沟有多宽,我终究会望见您的!

解析:从当代中学生与父辈存在代沟这一社会现象切入,写了代沟使"我"缺乏对父爱的准确解读,也表明了事实教育"我"要认识父爱、热爱父亲的主题。文章叙写"我"对父爱的误解,是铺垫,是深化认识的前奏。详写"父亲费力搬桌子"的细节--这是一位走向衰老的男人心中爱子之情的自然流露,作者饱蘸浓情,写得令人感动。在表达上,文章采用内心独白式的方式,显得真实、自然,又强化了感情的宣泄;在选材立意上,直指现实生活,具有鲜明的时代特征。

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篇11:小学看图作文写作技巧

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看图作文是据图画的内容进行联想,然后用语言归纳表达个完整的事件来。进行看图作文练习,既能培养观察与分析能力,又锻炼了想象乃至发明创造的能力。下面是小编为你带来的小学看图作文写作技巧,欢迎阅读。

1、观察仔细全面是看图作文的要点

无论一幅画或几幅图,要从头至尾反复看几遁,了解图中表达的主题中心思想是什么。比如《四季》, 给了春、夏、秋、冬4幅国,图中自然景物及人物着装的变换,表达了它的主题——大自然四季的变人们的着装及活动內容也在变化。

2、注意象征意义

大凡是看图作文,每一个画面(哪怕是极微小的图形)都不白给,其中往往都隐喻着情节、心理动态、人物关系等,因此,不能忽略画面一条围巾、一辆车、一扇窗戶, 哪怕是一滴汗、一张纸的作用。高难的看图作文,有时考的就是小物件的作用与象征意义。这就要求看图时认真分析此物此时此刻的作用,然后用文字直接或间接叙迹其表达的意思。

3、理出顺序是情节通畅的关键

看图不但要按事件、人物的先后、主次观察,还要按时空顺序去排列,然后组织情节。一轮朝阳, 一抹晚霞, 一条小溪,一阵细雨, 皆能暗示出早、晚、东、西、南、北、春、夏、秋、冬来。这样, 按事情发展顺序叙写,就顺理成章了。

4、展开想象的翅膀,使情节丰满

画面上给的东西毕竟是有限的,若只按给的条件叙写,可能三言两语就完事,文章既千瘪, 又平庸。因此,必须通过想象来填补画面上缺失的、但在推理中必然所致的情节。唯有这样,才能使画面“活”起来,才能使其中的人物、场面栩栩如生、呼之欲出,使文章丰满。

不过,想象须合情合理,不可牵强附会。这就要求动脑考虑考虑:一幅图的起因是这样,它的发展与结局在实际情况中会是怎样?画面中的人物在所给的条件下该怎么想、怎么做、怎么说?人与人、人与景、人与物的关系可能是怎样?整个画面所表达的主题是什么?……诸多可能的“怎样’、 “为什么”想到了, 并付诸笔墨, 一篇生动的看图作文就写成了。

5、把握主脉络,重点刻画主要人物

无论单幅国还是多幅图, 在回面上占主要位置的(在多幅图中反复出现的)人或物(或活动), 即是要描写的重点。写作时要把2/3的笔墨用到这上面, 情节也要以此来设计。作文技巧 切不可在不起眼地方的一片云、一颗小星星上大作特作文章,否则, 就是人们常说的“跑题”。

看图作文如果把握住这5个基本要点,写作起来就会如鱼得水,得心应手。

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篇12:各类别作文写作技巧

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如何写好不同类别的作文,今天小编告诉大家。

【写人作文】

1、住人物特点,对人物外贸描写做到形神兼备。

只要善于观察,就会发现每个人的外貌都与别人不同,外貌特点,如容貌,神态,姿态,服饰等,往往反映着人物不同的个性和心理。

这些特点的描写要做到时刻为文章的中心服务,外貌描写应力求做到符合人物的年龄,身份,经历和个性,决不能出现“千人一面”的倾向。

2、 把握人物特点,注意对人物语言的描写,要做到“言为心声”。

在生活中,人们的个性,职业,年龄及所出的时间,环境和地位不同,说出的话也不会完全相同。一个人的语言,就是他思想感情最直接的流露,因此,一定要注意人物的语言描写,时刻做到“言为心声”。

3、要选择恰当的事例。

选择事例时,不要认为能表现人物思想品质的事例一定都是惊天动地的大事,应该选择有代表性的日常生活中的平凡小事,以小事来表现主题,体现中心。

【记事作文】

1、写清楚事情发展的先后顺序,使叙事具有完整性。

写好记事作文的基本要求就是,要按事情的发展规律,把事情交待清楚。也就是交待清楚事情发生的时间,地点,人物,发生,发展和结果这六大要素。

要想文章内容完整,主题明确,六点中的事情的起因,发展和结果最为重要。

2、注意选择能突出文章中心的典型材料。

小学生写记事作文,一般都是些自己身边的熟人的平凡小事,那么,就应该越具体越好。生活中的小事很多,要从中选择最典型,最具有代表性的事例,来表达文章要求的深刻道理和闪光思想。

进行描写时,应对事件的成因,人物的行动等进行细节描写,特别是对文章的重要部分,如事情发展的关键时刻和高潮部分,应该写得越具体越好。

【写景作文】

1、要善于观察,找出景物独有的特点。

观察就是运用人的各种器官如视,听,触,嗅,味觉等来感知事物。观察时,要细致,要学习抓住景物的特点,也就是找出观察景物与其他不同类景物及同类景物之间的区别。应从不同角度入手,写准景物,写活景物。

2、注意描写表达,使景物活灵活现。

要对景物进行描写,最重要的就是对景物的顺序描写不能乱。可按景物的空间顺序来写,如左,右,前,后,东,西等方位。也可以时间顺序来写,如一天之内的早,中,晚,以年内的春,夏,秋,冬等。还可以按游览顺序来写。

3、必须真实,达到写景抒情的境界。

【状物作文】

1、对物体形态的描写要逼真。

首先应当写好物体的外形,要注意全面。每个物体都是由许多部分组成的,缺少了那一部分,就不是完整的物体,但应根据物体的外形特点,分清主次,突出重点来写。

2、要做到生动有趣,条理清楚。

3、文章结尾可以托物言志,寄予作者情感。

【想象作文】

1、想象要一现实生活为基础。

想象作文把人们提前带入未来社会,但未来的发展不可能离开现代社会的基础。

2、想象要以广博的知识为基础。

想象的内容可以十分大胆,但应该建立在科学知识的基础上。

看图作文

1、细致全面的观察分析图画,是理解图意的前提。

观察图画可分三步:一是总观全图,按顺序依次观察,使之对画面有一个总体上的认识。二是观察分析图中的人物和背景。背景不同,人物活动的主题就不同,文章立意就会不同。三是观察分析细节,特别是人物的表情和动作。

2、对画面展开充分的想象和联想。

例如人物情节画,可根据画面表现的主要情节,设想出事情的开始,经过,结果,再把事情串联起来,并构思出具体情节,推测人物的内心活动,想象人物的语言。

注意想象的内容千万不能离开中心任意发挥。

3、学习准确抓住图画的中心思想来描述。

【读后感作文】

1、要认真读懂原文。

对原文的中心思想应进行深入的研究,这样才能领会到别人没有领会到的东西,为发表观点打好基础。

2、要精炼的简述原文。

写读后感一定要紧扣原文,交待清除“感”的来源,可直接摘抄原文中的重点句,然后写感想,也可以间接叙述原文内容,点出感情从哪里产生的。

注意不能大量引用原文,应做到叙述精炼。

3、要真实具体,有感而发。

要抓住体会最深的一点,联系实际,展开联想,有感而发。

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篇13:浅谈高分作文写作技巧

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由于话题作文内容开放,写作空间宽,灵活性大,能充分张扬学生的个性,展示学生的写作特长,近年来,无论是高考还是中考,话题作文已越来越普及,越来越受出题者和应试者的青睐。那么,初三学生如何在中考中使话题作文得高分呢?不可忽视以下几点:

一、一个好的写作心态。

有些考生作文时惟恐写不完,略作思考便慌忙提笔,一挥而就,这样的作文难以做到文质兼美。实践证明:初中生在40分钟内完成600字的文章是没有问题的。面对话题,成功的心态便是自信。镇定自如,才会激情投入,激活思维,展示自己的最佳水平。

二、一个清爽的卷面。

这是考生作文给阅卷者的第一感觉。中考阅卷时间紧,任务重,适值酷暑,潦草的卷面难以赢得评卷者的好感。书写规范,文面整洁,本身就是对阅卷者的尊重。为此,考生既要写快,又要写好。即使字体不十分美观,也要尽最大的努力,做到字体匀称,字不能太小,也不能占满全格,更不能出格。同时,标点符号的使用要规范、正确,不能全文只有两个标点符号(即一个逗号加一个句号)。

三、一个明确的中心。

“文以载道”。考生应从所给的材料中,提炼出正确、新颖、深刻的观点,让此观点统摄全文。在文中,文章的中心要明确而突出,表现出正面、积极向上、有教育意义的主题。不应表现消极情绪,比如:以尽情玩耍为欢乐;以学校、家长对学生的学习质量要求高为苦恼等等。其次内容要有主次,要突出重点。

四、一个精彩的题目。

“题好一半文”。话题作文既然允许自拟题目,考生就不应放弃展示自己写作功力的机会。题目角度宁小勿大,语言努力做到凝练、含蓄、优美,力求让阅卷者“一见钟情”。

1、用修辞方法拟题,如以“假日”为话题,可用比喻拟题,拟为《假日---爱的桥梁》,将桥梁比喻成爱的桥梁,在父母离婚后,“我”被判给爸爸,于是利用假日与妈妈构筑了一条情感的纽带。又如以“感受生活”为话题,可拟为《苦咖啡》,这便运用了双关,既实指咖啡,又暗指生活,通过叙述自己在校独自锻炼的苦,折射出其中的甜。

2、可移用诗词名句、歌词等来拟题目,如以“灯”为话题,可拟为《一晌贪欢》,引用了李煜的词《浪淘沙》中的“不知梦里身是客,一晌贪欢”,写“我”是李煜书桌上的油灯,突出了悲凉、伤感之情。以“我”为话题,可用《真我风采》、《最近比较烦》、《我想唱歌可不敢唱》……

3、可以用扩展法,就是在话题的前或后加上适当而生动的词语,从而拟出适合自己写的题目,这样在规定的范围内,使话题变小,更有针对性。如以“掌声”为话题,拟为《她的掌声,给我一个天堂》;以“变”为话题,拟为《风中不变的承诺》。此外,还有可以反弹琵琶,题目体现新颖创新;设置悬念,让题目引人入胜等等。

五、一个亮丽的开头。

古人行文讲究“凤头”,也就是说文章的开头要写得精彩。可采用的方式有:开门见山,直接切题;写景状物,渲染气氛;设置悬念,引出下文;抒情议论,奠定感情基调等等。切忌开头洋洋洒洒几百字后,仍不见内容与话题有关。

六、一个新颖的结构形式。

考场作文,形式和内容同等重要。一个匠心独具的形式,也会让阅卷者眼睛一亮,对眼前的作文增添几分好感,无形中就给作文打了高分。比如::

1、可以采用题记,揭示文章的主旨。以“相信自己”为话题,题记定为“不要抱怨自己的命运,我们都是上帝的宠儿;不要畏惧山外的山,人外的人。相信自己:你就是山外之山,人外之人”(选自《写给昨日自卑的我》)。又如以“自然”为话题,题记定为“我愿做只井底之蛙,那儿清凉又舒爽,那儿隐蔽又安全。来,来,来,请跟我来,跳到井底,远离人类”(选自《一只井底蛙的劝世格言》)。

2、可以使用小标题,使内容简洁醒目。比如《种太阳》一文用了三个小标题:“童年”、“我的大学”、“在人间”,巧妙地运用高尔基的小说三部曲的名字,很有层次感,使文章新颖独特。再如《江雪》一文中既有题记,又有小标题,它的题记是“希望一切都只有因为是雪,因为它会很快地融化,但一切都只因为是雪吗?”四个小标题却又是《江雪》一诗的四句话。再如《成长中的酸甜苦辣》一文分四个小标题:1酸如醋酸的幼年;2甜如蜜糖的童年;3苦如黄莲的花季;4辣如辣椒的雨季。

3、可以抒写书信,以情动人;还可以镜头回放,再现生活;还可以采用小说、童话、寓言等等。如《爱无止境》以日记体的形式,用“妈妈的日记”、“女儿的日记”的形式,从不同角度写情、写爱、写人生,新颖活泼,富有创意。

形式创新,贵在“得体”。考生要选用自己最娴熟的一种形式,切不可滥用,否则文不对体,会弄巧成拙的。

此外,在结构形式的安排上,还要注意段落的安排,尽量将文章的段落分细些,张弛有致,灵活多变,从而避免“三段文”。

七、一个优美的片断。

集中笔力,写好一个片断,向阅卷者展示自己的的文学功底。写记叙文的片断,可运用多种描写手法,如景物烘托,白描、语言、动作等手法,同时灵活运用修辞方法;写议论文片断,可用典型的论证方法层层论证,环环相扣;写散文片断,可旁征博引,让思维纵横驰骋,使自己个性得到淋漓尽致的发挥。这样就使文章增添了文采,获得阅卷者的首肯,给打了高分。比如:

感动好像暖暖的春风,“二月春风似剪刀”,给大地带来春的消息,让世界充满生机和活力。

感动仿佛隐隐的春雷,驱散了人们心中的阴霾,使沉睡者苏醒,使懒散者振奋。

感动犹如沥沥的春雨,滋润了干涸的心田,“好雨知时节,润物细无声”。

这是《感动》一文中的语句,比喻恰当、贴切,再加上诗句的引用、排比的形式更增添了文句的韵味。当然,作文中还可引用歌词、名句、警句、歇后语等。

八、一个完美的结尾。

古人写文章讲究“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”。所谓“豹尾”,是指文章结尾要有力,耐人寻味。这样会给阅卷者留下最好的印象。简便易行的结尾有以下几种:照应开头,凸现主题;总结全文,画龙点睛;含蓄蕴藉,耐人寻味等等。一个漂亮精彩的结尾能使中考作文锦上添花,大为增色,给评了高分。

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篇14:小升初看图作文写作方法

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导语:小学阶段的看图作文对以后学生写作能力的培养是非常重要的,看图作文其实是练习学生语言表达能力、思维逻辑能力的基础。下面是小编收集了一些看图作文写作技巧,欢迎大家阅读!

看图作文,是起步作文。小学一年级的看图说话,二年级的看图写话,是看图作文的基础。看图作文,一直贯穿于小学阶段作文训练的始终,是培养观察能力、想象能力、思维能力和表达能力的一种行之有效的手段。同时,看图作文也是全国各地小学生历年毕业升学考试的一种常见形式。所以,学会看图作文十分重要。

看图作文是命题作文的基础。写好看图作文,同命题作文一样,首先要学会审题,搞清楚题目的性质。是记事的,还是写人的。是写景的,还是状物的。因为只有弄清文题的性质,才能确定采用什么样的表达方法。例如,《同桌》,主要写人;《师生情》,主要记事;《公园一角》主要写景……看清了文题,把握住题意,就不会跑题了。

看图作文是对提供的一幅或一组图的内容进行描述的习作训练。一幅或一组好的图画,是经过作者对生活的反复观察、分析,然后选取最能反映主题的画面,经过构思创作出来的。因而,进行看图作文的练习,必须认真观察,观察得细致,才能写得具体,抓住了重点,才能把图中的中心思想表达得准确。

看图作文的要求包括看图和作文两个方面。看图,就是观察。观察要有个顺序,要准确、细致、抓住重点,还要合理想象,以便准确地理解图的主要内容和中心。作文就是表达,它要求将观察所得,围绕图的中心,有条理、有重点、具体地写出来。

看图作文就图的内容看,有看单图作文和看连图作文两种。下面,我们结合例文,具体分析一下这两种看图作文形式的写法。

看单图作文,这是看图作文的一种主要形式。它要求:围绕图的中心表达,准确而有层次地写清楚图的内容。单图一般多采用从整体到部分再回到整体的顺序进行观察。比如看景物图,要分清画面景物的主次远近,确定重点,注意描写层次。《公园的一角》就是运用由远及近的写法,再现了公园一角美丽的风光。

在许多考试和竞赛中,同学们往往会遇到看图作文。面对看图作文,许多同学措手无策,抓耳挠腮,不知道去怎样写好它。今天,我就和大家围绕这个问题探讨探讨。

看图作文,顾名思议,就是先看图后作文。看图作文一般分为单幅作文和多幅图作文。

写单幅图作文时,要注意以下几个要点:

1.观察图画。同学们在写作前首先应该仔细地观察图上的画面,看清图上画的是发生在什么时间、什么地方的事,画面上有哪些人、哪些景和哪些物。人是我们观察的主要对象,所以我们特别要注意观察人的服饰、容貌、年龄、身份、表情、动作,并给主要人物取名。

2.合理想象。画面上的景物都是静止的,我们应该通过想象,便人活起来,让他们自己说话、行动,要反映出人物的心理活动,就是要使画面内容变成活动着的电影镜头。但这种想象必须是合理的,是表现文章中心服务的,主要人物和情节必须与画面内容一致,不能另编一套。

要写好多幅图作文也是如此,但要注意按一定的顺序进行观察。首先,我们应该全面地看,从整体上了解一下,这几幅图连起来是讲了一件什么事,基本内容是什么。接着,我们还应该联系地看,看清上图与下图之间有什么关系。画面什么变化,如时间、地点,具体的环境,包括景和物,还有人物的动作等,从中了解到事件的发展与变化。最后,我们还应当有详略地看,写作时要注意图与图之间的轻重之分。

看图作文主要是培养学生的观察力、想象力和表达能力。教学时必须耐心指导,要求学生在观察图画的基础上先确定中心,再围绕中心把图画的内容详细地记述下来。我们指导学生写这一类型的作文时,主要是从以下四个方面来开展:

一、指导看图,把握中心

看图作文,图画就是作文材料,看图就成了作文的基础。所以,首先让学生看图画,使之掌握这幅图的主要内容,把文章中心确定下来,然后再作文。怎样指导学生看图呢?首先从整体入手,弄清画面上画的是什么时间,什么地方,都画了些什么,谁在做些什么等,大体了解图意,掌握基本内容;其次,有顺序地对图的每个局部进行观察和分析,明显确人物之间与各部位之间的关系,抓住图画的主要内容;再次,抓住重点和细节,深入观察和想象。

二、有层次地观察

看图作文,首先要做到有层次地观察画面。如先看什么,后看什么,是从上到下或是从下到上,是从左到右或是从可到左,是从整体到局部或者从局部到整体等。因为只有观察得有层次,才便于理清作文的顺序。

三、紧扣画面,合理联想

教学时引导学生根据图画上的内容,把自已所经历、所了解的生活中有关的人或事

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篇15:小学生命题作文写作技巧

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这些年来,这类命题方式,已广泛而频繁地被语文老师运用到平时的作文训练中去了,诸如《——迷》、《我当——》、《我第一次——》、《我学会了——》、《请到——来》、《——给我温暖》、《我常常想起——》、《——,真有意思》、《——的一堂课》。《——见闻》、《——一角》、《怎样学——》、《读——后感》等等,都属这类作文命题。下面是小编为你带来的小学生命题作文写作技巧,欢迎阅读。

考试时遇上了这类命题样式,并要写好这类作文,必须注意以下两点:

一是认真审题。

大凡这类命题样式,命题者在题目的前后总会有比较具体的要求的,对横线上所填入的内容,更有明确的提示,而这些要求或提示正是正确、全面审题的前提,一定要仔细审清。比如《我学会了——》这个题目,命题者对横线上填人的对象作如下提示:“凡是你生活、学习实际中确实学会了的,都可以写。审题时,可以从这一提示中确定选材范围(是生活、学习中的),确定写作对象(技能、方法)。这样审明白了,心中有谱了,还得注意前面的“我学会了”。所谓“学会”,“学”反映一个过程,是“会”的前提,“会”,则反映了这一过程的程度和结果,是“熟练”和“能运用”的体现。“会”可以说是题眼,如果忽视了这一题眼,必定不能很好地反映出文章的中心。认真审明“学会”的含义,对确定填人横线上的写作对象,很有作用。否则,你可能填人的写作对象只是“学了”或“会一点”,而不是“学会”。

二是认真选材。

这类作文的选材与在横线上填人的写作对象是一致的,只是前者具体后者概括而已。因而,要所选材料达到新颖独特,首先横线上填人的写作对象必须新颖独特,与众不同。怎样才能如此呢?要有发散性思维,或者要有求异性思维。这就是说。面对考题,先进行一番发散性思维,即跳出命题者提示的写作对象进行广泛的思考,想到很多很多。然后集中起来,分析比较,逐一筛选。筛选的原则是自己最熟悉、感受最深刻的,别人没有经历过,或根本想不到的。这样的写作对象一经确定,选择材料也就有依据了。有一年,一所初中的作文考试题目是《我第一次———》,面对这样的考题,我们应该怎样在认真审题的基础上,充分展开了求异思维呢?我们应该怎样写,才能得高分呢?题目:我第一次———审清题意这是半命题作文,题目所给出的一半“我第一次”是对内容的限制,要求写生活中的某种第一次经历,题目中所要补充的一半,是习作者的亲身经历,如第一次种花、买菜、做饭、洗衣服、坐飞。机、制做科技小制品等。确定文章中心记叙生活中的第一次经历的事情,说明从中所受到的教益或产生的欢乐心情。在生活中,我们经历的第一次太多了。但事情有大、小、好、坏之分,应该选择有意义的事情来写,第一次做事情做的成功,会产生喜悦;第一次做的失败,会留下深刻的教训。事情的成功与失败,都会对同学有教益。

为什么有的同学观察的非常细致,可写出的文章却有不少毛病呢?没有意义呢?主要是因为这些同学不会对材料进行加工、提炼。

1、加工提炼材料。我们知道,作文的材料来自于生活,但生活和文章之间不能划等号。生活不等于文章。文章是作者对生活的观察分析之后写出来的。所以,我们在观察生活,获得写作素材之后,还必须认真进行研究,哪些地方要补充细节,哪些内容应该舍弃,经过周密的思考,经过周密的分析,精心组织材料才能写出中心明确而又有意义的文章。

2、要学会在文中穿插写其他人物。写自己第一次经历的事情,要用第一人称,这样写真实可信亲切感人。为了避免叙述呆板,可以在故事中穿插有关的人物。我们发现不少的同学在作文中,常常只管写“我、怎样怎样做”,“我怎样怎样说”,忽视了有关的人和事,因市把故事写得呆板、枯燥。其实生活中,我做事情往往会涉及到其他的人和事。如果在作文里能够有选择地穿插写有关的人,可以使文章生动活泼。叙事当中穿插写人,不要节外生枝、画蛇添足。穿插写其他人物,要能帮助突出中一心。叙事中穿插其他人物,但仍以写“我”为主。巧妙地穿插可以使故事的情节曲折动人。

3、会用点题的方法。在写人叙事的过程中,要学会用简炼的语言点清题意,这是小学生写作文的基本功之一。学会点题加强文题和内容之间的联系,更好地突出中心思想,在何处点题应当根据故事情节的推进人物性格的发展而定。可以在篇首、篇末或篇中点题之法,落笔重在故事情节的关键之处。在篇首点题,重在开宗明义;在篇未点题,重在深化中心;在篇中点题,重在因势利导。点题之笔要精炼,富有概括力,具有启发性。

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篇16:高考写作的错误及规避技巧

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一、审题——若即若离

虽然近年来高考作文多以“话题作文”或是“新材料作文”出现,题目宽泛,不设审题障碍,但也并不是想写什么就写什么,想怎么写就怎么写,依然要在所给话题、材料范围内进行审题写作,不可抛开话题、另辟蹊径地“信马由缰”。否则,就会不着边际,偏离话题。比如高考作文题《必须跨过这道坎》,就应该牢牢抓住“必须”“跨”“坎”等“题眼”进行审题,还要重点关注、开掘出“坎”的引申义、比喻义。

规避:要加强审题训练,针对题目“辨字析词”,盯准“题眼”,尤其对于哲理性命题,涉及辩证关系的,更要深入分析题目的深刻内涵。审题越细、越准、越透,立意的思路就越宽、越深、越广。

二、入题——千呼万唤

高考作文因字数、时间的限制,不可能写得太多,但有相当多的考生往往出现“入题慢”的弊病,废话很多,以一当十的内容却千呼万唤不出来。引用原材料或可有可无的内容占去了很大的篇幅,重点部分无法展开。

规避:多看名家精短美文,为我所用,在“实战”中寻找不足,总结经验。

三、扣题——蜻蜓点水

有的考生写作文,从头到尾没有出现话题、话题的关键词或与话题相近的表述,犯了扣题不紧的错误,看不出是就所给特定“话题”或是“新材料作文”而写的文章,这样得分自然不会理想。

规避:在行文时牢记“考纲”中对作文扣题一项的具体要求,依照标准去做,回想老师的相关叮嘱及传授的方法。

四、立意——平庸病态

见解独到、构思新巧、主旨积极的文章无疑是任何人都梦寐以求的。可惜的是,在考场上有的学生为了追求所谓的标新立异,甚至写出了令人匪夷所思的文章。如有的学生在《假如记忆可以移植》中这样写:“我要把爱因斯坦的大脑移植过来,为自己发财致富……”由于思想格调不高,不符合高考作文“思想健康”的要求,降低了作文品位。

规避:树立正确的人生观、世界观、价值观,突破定向思维、线性思维,走向逆向思维、发散思维,视角独特,出人意料又在情理之中。

五、选材——陈旧苍白

有的学生作文材料陈旧苍白,缺乏厚重感。要么记叙一件事,有骨架没血肉;要么议论一个道理,观点+例子+结论,缺分析少论证;要么连例子都没有,翻来覆去,空谈漫议,写到哪儿算哪儿,凑够字数为原则。

规避:积累材料。一是在高三这段时间里继续收集鲜活的材料,并选记一些名言警句;二是把长期以来的“库存”分门别类筛选一下,选择出可供用于写作的精品材料列出提纲。

六、语言——艰涩难懂

有的考生喜欢使用缩写、英文单词、网络语言,其实这是要冒一定风险的。有的阅卷教师对这类语言很反感,就会对考生有害无利。高考大纲对于作文的要求是语言通顺、用词贴切,文句有表现力。因此,考生应当尽量用优美、有内涵的语言来表情达意,要用最规范、最传统的语言来写作,最好不用或少用网络语言。

规避:平时写作时尽量不使用网络语言或少数人才知道意思的语言。

七、形式——千篇一律

考场作文,事关重大,不仅内容要出彩,形式上也应该不拘一格,使内容与形式相得益彰,完美统一,方可获得高分。但教师在批改作文中却发现,形式创新的寥寥无几,多为千篇一律、似曾相识的“老面孔”,这应当引起注意,尤其是写作能力强的学生,不要因为形式的“不适宜”而失去了本不该丢的分。

规避:运用题记、后记、演讲稿、采访记录、日记体、书信体、小标题等新奇的形式来诠释思想,表达意旨。

八、文体——似是而非

有的学生写的文章好像属于“四不像”的文体,因而阅卷老师难以读懂、把握这样的文章,判分就有争议。所以,一般说来,文体还是明朗为好。

规避:就高考作文而言,最好多使用记叙文(夹叙夹议)、散文(记事、抒情)、议论文三种常见形式,少采用或不用诗歌、戏剧、文言等体裁。

九、结篇——虎头蛇尾

有的学生由于没有分配好答题时间,以致在写作文时所剩时间不够了,有的考生来不及结尾,结果或用一句话硬断,或点上一串省略号,或干脆空在那儿。无论哪一种情况,都会被视为未完篇处理。因为阅卷老师衡量一篇文章的好坏,首先是看文章的整体,虎头蛇尾的文章是要被扣分的。

规避:考生平时要训练自己在大约45~60分钟内能够写出一篇完整作文的能力,最后交上的作文无论如何都应该是一篇结构完整的作文。

十、卷面——乱涂乱改

现在是电脑阅卷,字迹模糊、扫描不清就会丢失信息,老师看得吃力无疑会影响分数。我们都有这样的感觉:书写工整、卷面整洁的作文使人赏心悦目,印象分立即增加;而字迹潦草、涂改得难以辨认的答卷,无形中就会多扣几分。高考作文如果接二连三地出现错别字,就会被认为语文基础太差,得分也会大打折扣。2008年高考作文对错别字要求更高,有的省已经规定每错一字扣一分,应予以特别重视。

规避:养成好的书写习惯,不会的字、词要查字典、词典。

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篇17:小学作文写作技巧:作文的开头技巧

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下面是小编整理的小学作文写作技巧:作文的开头技巧,欢迎阅读。

一、外貌描写式开头。

即人或物的面部特征、体态形状、举止习惯、衣着打扮等作为开篇形式的写作内容。肖像刻画要生动逼真,使人或物的形象丰满,达到呼之欲出的效果。如:我,一个贪吃懒惰的孩子,顺理成章地长成了一副猪八戒模样,日趋膨胀的肥脸,把本来就不大的眼睛挤得越来越小了,每次都要费劲睁开眼睛,才能看清这美好可爱的世界。(选自〈〈懒的报应〉〉)

二、性格特征式开头。

即以人物的性格、习惯、品质等特征作为文章的开头,直接形象的表现人物的特点。语言要简练、准确、精彩。如:我有一个怪妈妈,待我好时温柔似水,什么“宝贝儿”“乖乖”“娃娃儿”对我亲不够;可待我孬时,咬牙切齿胡吼乱骂,甚至拳打脚踢还嫌不解气。(选自〈〈多面妈妈〉〉)

三、开门见山式开头。

即指开头不拐弯抹角,简洁明了地直接进入文题,干脆利落地交待出文章要写什么人、什么事、什么景、什么物或什么道理等。如:王加丽是个勤奋好学,乐于助人,热爱集体的学生,老师和同学都喜欢她。(选自《我的好朋友.》)

四、环境描写式开头。

即开篇就描写与文章内容密切相关的场面背景,达到烘托人物心情,或表现人物形象,或突出主题思想的艺术效果。如:傍晚,天忽然变得阴沉沉的,霎时间,狂风呼啸,黄沙伴着灰尘弥满了整个天空。每个车站点里都站了许多候车人。(选自〈〈那天,我真后悔〉〉)

五、巧设问题式开头。

即作者开篇就巧妙地提出问题造成悬念,以提高读者的阅读兴趣。此开头形式通常分为三种:

1、反问式开头。2、设问式开头。3、疑问式开头。不管用哪种形式开头,都要为主题思想服务的,要有神秘感、新奇感。如:奇怪!“母子上车处”怎么站了四个身强力壮的大男人,而一位抱着孩子的母亲却被挤在栏外?难道那些男人不识字?(选自〈〈假文盲〉〉)

六、心理描写式开头。

即以人的思想、心情作开头,主人公的喜怒哀乐,都可以以准确的语言表现出来,创造出一种心理氛围,给读者以强烈的感受,增强文章的感染力。如:第一次看到自已的文章变成铅字被刊登在报纸上,第一次握着凭着自已的本事挣来的稿费,激动、骄傲、自信等等一切幸福的感觉一涌而来。我真了不起,同学们一定会羡慕我,我要好好地祝贺祝贺自已。(选自〈〈第一次登报〉〉)

七、形象比喻式开头。

即写在文章时不直接描写人物或叙述事物,而是先用形象的比喻描述有关的内容或人物,然后再逐步深入地写内容。大体分明喻、暗喻、借喻三种形式开篇。比喻力求生动、贴切。如:老师,您是永不叫累的园丁;您是输送养料的树根;您是燃烧自已照亮我们的蜡烛;您是天下最伟大的人类灵魂的工程师。(选自〈〈老师颂.〉〉)

八、妙用排比式开篇。

即把结构相同或相似的三个或三个以上句子或词组连用在一起,表达统一思想的修辞手法叫作“排比”。排比式开头对表现人物特点,叙述事情经历,表达思想感情,充分展示道理都有特殊的效果,强烈的语言气势,工整的词句韵律,情与美的完美结合,给读者以美的享受。如:我即将告别生我养我的故乡,告别亲我昵我的亲人,告别亲切善良的乡亲,踏向南下的列车,去追求我的理想,我的信念,我的灿烂明天!(选自〈〈走出家门〉〉)

九、对比渲染式开头。

即在开头把对立的人、事物或者同一人、同一事物的相反两个方面并列出来,形成鲜明的对照。对比手法开头,可以突出中心,加深读者对人物或事件的印象。如:我有一个经常竖着大拇指夸我“精彩极了”的妈妈,还有一个经常皱着眉头训我“糟糕透了”的爸爸。正是有这两种极端的爱才让我常常在自信中明白自己努力的方向。(选自〈〈两种爱〉〉)

十、揭示中心式开头。

即在文章开头就将人物的思想品质,或事件的意义,或景物的特点,

或揭示的哲理等交待出来,以突出作文的中心。如:我要将自己“嫁”给书。是书教给我许多知识,是书教会我怎样做人,是书给我了许多的喜怒哀乐„„(选自《我要“嫁”给书》)

十一、直点文题式开头。

即在文章的开头就点出了文题,让读者直奔问题所要说的内容,一目了然,不易跑题。如:假如我会克隆,我一定要克隆几个我自已,帮我做各种事。(文题是《我要克隆几个自己》)

十二、名人名言式开头。

即引用名人名言作为文章的开头引语,使文章的角度站得更高,中心提炼的更准确,文章显得更有文采。如:记得程颐好像说过:“外物之味,久则可厌;读书之味,愈久愈深。”书读得越多,也就越能体会到其精妙之处。我从小爱看书,同书中的主人公同呼吸,共命运,时常达到废寝忘食的地步。(选自《书趣》)

十三、言语描写式开头。

即直接从人物的语言或对话入手开篇,使读者刚一接触文章就如见其人,如闻其声,使人物形象更加鲜活。如:“懒虫!快八点了!再不起床就要迟到了!听到了没有!我要掀被窝了!”妈妈河东狮吼般地叫声,逼得我极不情愿地钻出热乎乎地被窝。(选自《我眼中的妈妈》)

十四、引用歌词式开头。

即直接引用某歌词作文章的开头,或引出人物,或揭示中心,或渲染气氛等。如:“我是一只可怜的小小鸟,想飞却怎么也飞不高……伤心地唱着歌,背着沉重的书包无奈地走在回家的路上,想到回家后还要弹琴、听英语、做作业我就心烦。(选自《我是一只笼中鸟》)

十五、抒发感情式开头。

即作者以优美精当的语言,艺术性表达自己的感受或看法,深刻地揭示文章的主题,增强文章的感染力,使读者产生共鸣。如:静下来的时候总想起那条小巷,小巷幽幽,包含多少人间真情。多少年来,小巷的一草一木总萦绕心头,那石铺的街道,古旧的木门,挺拔的大树,还有那普通又普通的人们„„(选自《幽幽小巷情》)

十六、倒叙描写式开头。

即首先把事件的结局、结果在开篇写出来,制造悬念,然后再依照情节的发展进行叙述,这样不仅强调结果的重要性,增强文章的表达效果,而且引起读者的阅读兴趣,增加文章的魅力。如:哈哈!我的文章《夏雨匆匆》又上报了!读着自己变成铅字的优美文句,不由自主地想起了一个星期前的那次观雨经过,真正领悟到好文章是用心和情描绘出来的。(选自《我爱用心去体验生活》

)

十七、交待原因式开头。

即先交待原因,再记人叙事,读者开始读文章就了解起因,以有利于增加对文章的阅读兴趣。如:不知怎么的,从小就与音乐有缘,六岁起在文工团练了两年的舞蹈,差点儿进了北京芭蕾舞学院;八岁时学了两年的钢琴,也能凑合伴奏。现在虽然课程紧张,我却迷上了唱歌。所以,在众多的科目中,我最喜欢的莫过于音乐课了。(选自《我是一个音乐迷》)

十八、梦幻遐想式开头。

即作者在开始就采用美妙的语言描述自己奇妙的想象,或表达自己的心情,或抒发自己的感受,或对某种事物产生新奇的构思等。如:我穿过时空隧道,来到了2035年。从美国留学归来,返回了我的家乡—襄阳。啊!这里的一切是那样的亲切温馨,但又是那样的新鲜美丽。天比以往更蓝了,水比以往更清了,栋栋高楼鳞次栉比,片片绿化带赏心悦目。人们改掉了一有时间就来麻将的赌风,走上了快节奏的文明的生活轨道上。我惊诧,这是我的家乡吗?(选自《未来的家乡》)

十九、心语诉说式开头。

即作者在文章开头就把自己的心扉敞露给文章中的主人公,采用与第二人称交谈的方式,诉说心理话语。如:妈妈老了,您的背驼了,如同那整天在黄土地上不停耕耘的犁;妈妈老了,您的身体那样单薄,就像一段被儿女吮尽水分的甘蔗。女儿长大了变美了,可妈妈额头上爬满了皱纹,头上长满了白发。妈妈呀,是您给了我生命,是您给了我智慧,是您陶冶了我的情操,是您引导我们踏上人生旅途。没有妈妈您,就没有我的一切。(选自《深深的爱》)

二十、与读者交谈式开头。

即作者开篇就用亲切的语言与读者交谈,或发表自己的看法,或向读者提出问题,以拉近读者的心理,引起读者的阅读兴趣。如:朋友,你是否见过没有手,没有脚而写出一手漂亮的毛笔字的人。如果你亲眼目睹他的写字经过,你一定会被他特殊的写法、超俗的笔迹和惊人的毅力所感动。(选自《没有四肢的书法家》)

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篇18:小学生写人的写作技巧

全文共 3060 字

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下面是小编收集的小学写人写作技巧,欢迎阅读。

作文是写人记事的,或多或少都要写到人,而那些专门写人物的作文如何才能写好呢?要写好一个人物,无外乎是写人物的语言、行动、外貌(肖像)、心理等等。鲁迅先生说:“人物语言的描写,能使读者由说话看出人来。”这说明人物语言的重要。此外,写人物的行动、外貌(肖像)、心理等,也是必不可少的惯常写法,同样重要。

下面我就自己的感受和经验谈几点切实可用的方法或注意点:

首先,要写好人物作文,就要写自己熟悉的人。只有自己熟悉的人,才能感受得最真切最鲜活,对他(她)的一言一行,一颦一笑,才能有最直接的、深刻的印象。如下面例文《我是你爹》(见后文),写的是作者非常熟悉的人,所以全文写来既栩栩如生,又给人非常亲切的感觉。如果你写一个陌生的人,虽然也能够写,但写出来的就可能毫无特色,会是千千万万个中的一个,这样写来不要说感动别人,有时就连自己都觉得别扭、生造。

其次,要凸显人物与众不同的个性。共性的东西人人都有,写得再多作用也是不大的。只有有特色的、独具个性魅力的东西,才能给人以冲击,才能给人留下深刻的印象,才能让人拍案称奇。

第三,不要什么都写,更不要事无巨细地写,要择其一二浓彩重墨地写。这当然是要根据主题需要去择取了,决不能无的放矢。如《我是你爹》中,“爹”的话语很少,前后加起来总共才三四句而已,可一个独特的“爹”的形象却跃然纸上了。

第四,要让人物的言行、心理、个性特征等符合人物的年龄、经历、身份、文化教养等特点。不要让一个两三岁的孩子说六十岁人的话,也不要让一个无文化的老太太专说些理论大话等,否则就是无视人物的年龄、经历、身份、文化教养等特点而乱写人物,是不能写好人物的,更谈不上写出个性特点了。

第五,写人物离不开写事、写细节。要仔细地观察人物的日常行为,挖掘他们的典型事例,而且事例要新颖,因为人物的性格和品质,是通过具体的事例表现出来的。比如我们要写一个热心肠的人,就要写他怎样帮助周围的人,或哪里有困难他就在哪里出现等事例。写事的时候,我们完全可以从细节方面入手。细节描写包括对人物的动作、语言、神态和心理活动以及特定的环境等的描写。描写一个人的时候,我们要把这个人的每一个能体现人物特点的动作都描写清楚、具体、详细。

我们来看这一段话:“回到教室,大家全都涌到郭枫面前,问:”坏小子,你捐一毛钱怎么能代表我们呢?‘郭枫眨了眨眼,骄傲地说:“其实我捐了100元!说捐一毛钱,那是逗你们玩的!’听了郭枫的话,同学们哭笑不得……”这一段话把细节描写得很好,“眨了眨眼”“骄傲地说”“哭笑不得”等词语把“郭枫”可气又可笑的性格描写得淋漓尽致。

写人,是小学作文训练的基本功之一。在记叙文中,人和事是不可分的,关键是看题目如何要求。要求写事的题目,文中的人要为事服务;要求写人的题目,文中的事必须为人服务。写人为主的记叙文,就是要通过一件或几件事,来表现人物一种或多种品质。写人的继续文,叙事不要求完整;记事的记叙文,虚实要求完整,而且要贯穿文章始终。

(一)通过一件事来写人

通过一件事来写人,通常是表现人物的一种品质或性格的一个方面。为了刻画人物,对所写人物必须进行必要的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写。但是,从以事写人这个角度来说,最好是选择一件最能反映此人某一特点的事,并把这件事写好。 在写事情的时候,要选择典型的事例。所谓典型,就是能集中反映中心思想的事,能够表现人物的好思想、好品质、美好情感的事。对小学生来说,选择典型事例,要着眼于小事,选择那些最能反映深刻意义的小事。这样的事表面上看,都是普普通通的凡人小事,但是其中却蕴涵着深刻的意义,这就是我们常说的"小中见大"。

(二)通过几件事写人

可以分成两种情况:以是用几件事表现某个人的一种品质;二是用几件事表现某个人的多种品质。 要注意:用几件事写人,这些事可以是完整的,作者必须把事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件(起因、经过、结果),一一交代清楚,也可以是不完整的,只着重于某几点进行叙述。更多的是在一篇文章中,有的事详写;有的事略写;有的事要求写得比较完整,有的事要求写得比较简单。 通过几件事写人,同样要对人物进行必要的外貌、行动、语言、心理的描写。

(三)学会刻画人物

写人的文章要会在叙事的过程中,对最能表现人物思想感情、性格特点的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等方面进行描写,也就是学会刻画人物。

1. 也叫肖像描写,是通过对人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语调、外貌特征的描写。来揭示人物性格的一种方法。人物的的外貌和人物内心世界密切的联系,具体说:通过外貌描写,使人物的形象更丰满,能给读者留下深刻印象;通过外貌描写,揭示人物的身份;通过外貌描写,展示人物在特定场合的内心世界;通过外貌描写,表现人物性格、精神面貌和思想品质。

总之,外貌描写要和表现人物特点、突出文章的中心思想紧密配合。外貌描写要传神,切忌脸谱化,反对那种部分主次,从头写到脚、千人一貌的写法。

2. 语言描写有对话和独白两种。

对话是两个人或几个人的谈话;独白是人物的自言自语。语言是人物内心世界的直接表露,对表现人物的思想性格起重要作用。有个性特点的语言可以起到"闻其言,见其人"的作用。语言描写要注意以下两点:一是文章中人物的语言要精心筛选,把那些足以能表现人物的个性特点、最能表现中心思想的语言,写进文章中;二是好的语言描写,一定是符合当时的情景,符合人物的性格、身份、性别、年龄和文化修养等方面的特点。 对话描写有四种形式:说的话写在后面,说话人后面用引号;说的话在前,说话人写在后,用引号、句号;前后各引一句或几句,中间交代谁说的,用逗号;只写人物语言,不写说话人。这四种形式要根据实际需要灵活事业,避免行文死板。

3. 动作描写

是通过人物的行动、动作,来表现人物的思想性格的一种方法。一个人的行为、动作,往往是他的思想感情、性格特征的最真实的外化。看一个人,不仅要听他怎么说,更要卡他如何做,正所谓"听其言,观其行",因此,动作描写是直接刻画人物形象,展示人物精神面貌,把人物写"活"的重要手段。那么,怎样描写人物的动作呢?

首先,要选择关键性的动作来写。一个人做事的时候,会有许多动作。但他们不可能、也没有必要把这些动作一个不少地都写出来。这就要求选择那些关键性的、最有意义的动作来写。

其次,要写准确。同一个动作可以用很多动词来表示,但只有那些有特色,最能反映人物气质的动词,才能把人写"活"。有一位作家说过,最难的不是写动作,而是写出有特点的动作,从动作中写出人来。

4.心理描写

心理的人物内心的活动,是无声的语言。人物内心世界,指人物内心的喜、哀、乐、忧伤、犹豫、嫉妒、向往等复杂的感情。在写人的文章中,恰当地描写人物心理,可以更有效地刻画人物,突出中心思想。心理描写的要求是:要真实,要有根据;人物的心理变化要自然,合情合理;心理描写要为文章的中心思想服务;在描写人物的心理活动时,要客观、谨慎,不能以己之心,度人之意。

小学生作文时,大多采用第一人称("我"活"我们"),采用这种人称作文,就不能用"他想" 的形式来写人物的心理活动,因为"我"不可能钻到别人的脑子里去看。此时,可以换一种方式--在描写人物的语言、神态、动作上下功夫,这样可能更合情理,使人感到真实可信。

心理描写除了用"我想"之外,还可以采用以下几种方法。

(1)提出问题,引入所想的内容。

(2)使用假设,流露心理活动。

(3)字里行间,流露着"想"。

(4)直接抒发心中所想。

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篇19:2024年济南小升初英语作文

全文共 871 字

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A library used to be only a building with a lot of books and a very quiet place to me.

I had never wanted to enter a traditional library because it was a boring place for a child. Since I became a senior high school student, I have more homework that requires me to find the latest information on a topic or some good ideas. So I got into the habit of going to the library, and I cant tell you how wonderful it is! There are so many interesting books Ive never read, including novels and books about science and computers.

Most important of all, there are even a lot of famous classic films, which are very popular. Now I also have something else to do when Im in a library: studying. Studying together with a lot of people is a good experience. Now Im never bored when Im in a library. Do you want to see how much fun it is? Come with me to a library today!

[2017年济南小升初英语作文

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