2017年高考英语写作指导汇编四篇 作文范文（推荐20篇）

1. In general, I don’t agree with

2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water。

3. The chief reason why… is that…

4.There is no true that…

5. It is not true that…

6. It can be easily denied than…

7. We have no reason to believe that…

8. What is more serious is that…

9. But it is pity that…

10. Besides, we should not neglect that…

11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore…

12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that…

13. Perhaps I was question why…

14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to…

15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but

16. What seems to be the trouble is…

17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that…

18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that…

19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…

20. What these people fail to consider is that…

21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that …

22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too。

23. The advantages of B are much greater than A。

24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration。

同学们在旅行当中不仅可以领略美丽风光，也可以学习文化，但写好一篇游记作文是不容易的，同学们怎么才可以写好游记作文呢？

写好游记，要注意以下四点：

一、细心观察，手写心记

游记的写作犹如蜜蜂采花酿蜜，素材主要来源于游览见闻。细心观察，就是要抓住有特色的景观和对表达中心有重要作用的事物。世界上没有完全相同的两片树叶；事物的特色都是在比较中显示出来的。游览过程中我们就是要善于运用比较的方法，捕捉眼前的景物与其他地方的景物有什么不同之处。有些同学只顾热闹或贪玩，常常忽视景点中的人文资料，如神话传说，乡风民俗，名人轶事，诗词典故，碑文楹联等等，结果是丢了西瓜抓芝麻，写起？ 自然内容贫乏，索然无味。所以，必要时还必须心记手写，也可以回来后查看有关资料，以保证内容的丰富充实。

二、依据中心，决定取合

旅途见闻的内容丰富多彩，但是不可能什么都写进文章里。下笔前首先要理一理自己的思绪，想一想本次游览的主要感受是什么？确立一个中心，然后决定：哪些内容详写，哪些内容略写，哪些内容不写。题材的取舍，当然首先要选新颖有趣的内容，更要选有个性、有地方特色的材料，特别是上文提到的那些人文资料，不仅能使你的文章主题鲜明，中心突出，而且读起来更有文化内涵，从而使你的文章更有社会价值。

三、紧扣游踪，疏密有致

游记的内容往往多而杂，写出来怎样才能做到清晰而不繁乱呢？最常用和最简便的方法就是：移步换景。即以游踪的变化为线索，随着时间的推移和地点的转换，完整有序地写出重要的游览过程。当然也要避免写成一本流水账或一幅游览路线图。所以，写作中要用浓墨重彩突出重要的点，跳出一般性的过程交代，使整篇文章成为几个主要景点活动的有机组合体。为了使这个组合体结构匀称，我们还要运用一些穿插的技巧，将与景点有关的资料、数据等内容，通过游览者的交谈或引用等方式适时介绍，这样，就可以调整文章的结构，消除看上去有些部分“臃肿肥胖”、有些部分又显得“面黄肌症”的毛病。

四、写好景物，注入感情

古人云：文章是案头的山水，山水是地上的文章。描写名山秀水是游记的重头戏，写好的关键是注入自己的真感情。我国古代众多游记名篇，“案头的山水”绝不仅仅是自然山水的反映。作者游踪所至，美景在目，心有所感，形诸笔墨，往往物中有我，景中见情，不仅写出了山水的蓬勃生机和无穷妙趣，还能含蓄蕴藉。意味隽永地把作者的身世和人生理想表现出来，达到直抒胸臆、情景交融的效果。当然这不是一日两日的功夫，正好说明了好笔头要靠长期反复磨练的道理。

附例文：

游狼山

闻思月／文

我们南通是个依江傍海、景色宜人的花园式城市，狼山更是名闻遐迩。星期日早晨，我们一家三口前往游玩。上午我们先去了啬园，午餐后就直奔狼山。

一路上爸爸告诉我们，狼山古称狼五山、紫琅山，相传有白狼踞其上，所以又叫白狼山。据史籍记载：唐天宝年间，鉴真东渡日本，曾经过此山以避风浪。它位居全国佛教八小名山之首呢！

我们在车上远望狼山，只见一片翠绿，雄伟的宝塔屹立在山顶，十分壮观。不一会儿，到了山脚下，我们没上缆车，沿着花岗岩铺成的台阶向上攀登。山上人来人往，喜气洋洋。山路两旁古木参天，千姿百态，不禁令人暗暗称奇。狼山不高，父亲说才104.8米，面积18公顷，在多山的地方，根本就算不上什么山。但在南通，却是大名鼎鼎。真是应了那句：山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵。

说笑间，不知不觉我们就登上了山顶。从山上向下俯视，马路四通八达，楼房一幢接一幢，江面上传着几艘豪华的大轮船，码头旁的大吊车犹如长颈鹿玩具，好一片壮观景象。

狼山因为落座在一马平川、沃野千里的江海平原之上，耸立在一望无垠的长江之滨，所以显得特别突兀高大。尤其是它山势陡峭，拔地而起，临江高耸，直插蓝天，气势更加非凡。登上支云塔，仿佛觉得不是站在一座百米小山之上，而是置身于九霄云外了。辽阔的江海平原，从脚下一直伸展到无边的远方；滚滚的万里长江，犹如一条闪光的缎带，从遥远的天际蜿蜒而来，奔腾入海；那海，那长江入口处的大海，更是水天相连，烟波苍茫，好一派江天寥廓、沧海浩瀚的壮丽景象。怪不得宋朝大诗人王安石来此，情不自禁地发出这样的赞叹：“遨游半是江湖里，始觉今朝眼界开”。想起萃景楼前两根石柱上的那副楹联：“长啸一声山鸣谷应，举头四顾海阔天空”。我们的胸怀也顿觉无限宽广！这样的山，怎能不名闻遐迩呢？

狼山之名所以闻名，更因为它和历史文化名人联系在一起。如唐初四杰之一的骆宾王，近代革命先驱、教育家、实业家张謇，就葬在狼山。又如法乳堂内的十八高僧巨幅瓷砖画像，出自南通籍画家范曾之手，同样令人敬仰。

傍晚，回程途中，妈妈感慨地说，一切为中华民族作出杰出贡献的人，人们是永远不会忘记他们的。——说的是啊！

快乐的狼山游，真是难忘而甜美的记忆。

点评：

这篇游记的一个突出优点是善于挖掘和引用了大量人文资料，从自然山水写出了人文内涵，写出了狼山与其他旅游景点不同的个性、特点和意义。其中的神话传况、名人故事、经史典籍、古人诗文、墓葬文物、景点楹联、地理数据等等，大大提升了文章的文化品位和阅读价值。作者记述游览见闻是有选择的，不是只顾自己的玩兴，什么开心就写什么(其实那天，他们在狼山脚下的水上乐园玩得很“疯”，文中就只字未提)，可见写作态度很认真：又因为善于穿插，所以结构匀称，毫无堆砌之感。文笔优美，语言精炼是本文的又一特色，作者从不同角度描写出来的狼山景色，都生动形象，充满豪情，又各有千秋！这一点也值得称道。

你可曾发现，其实很多事情不是我们不懂，不是我们看不清形势，不是我们不听劝，不是我们不肯做，也不是我们不需要周围的人给我们帮助，只是我们心里有答案，有选择，有种坚持，需要有人支持而已，仅仅需要的是一句温暖的话，表达关心的话，而并非一再的分析形势。但是，太多的人，给我们评价，对我们下判断，用自己的思维去左右我们。

每次的感动都不在于谁给了我重要的指导意见，都仅仅是因为一句话，一句表达他们关心的话，比如“我们只是不想你受到伤害”，再比如“勇敢点”，“我顶你”，“突然有种牵挂你的感觉”……

还记得每次考试，很多父母都会唠唠叨叨的说一大堆注意事项，或者许诺，或者威胁，而我的妈妈，只在我临出门的时候跟我说一句：“祝你好运!”，这话给我的是信心，减轻的是负担。

我真的不需要谁为我做出多大的动静，帮我多大一个忙，人最缺少的，就是在关键的时候，需要关心的时候，收到一种力量，可以是一句话，一个拥抱，紧握的双手，依靠的肩膀，借着这种精神上的力量，去面对即将或者已经发生的事情。

别人的世界，我们有太多的不了解，所以没有权利给别人任何意见，除非是他说需要你帮他分析，但也只能是分析而已，千万不要帮别人做选择或者决定，不要去评判他现在所做的事如何如何，更不要强求别人一定按你的思维模式出牌，即使你是好心。

可能是我的职业习惯吧，更多的愿意倾听，而非表达。总是习惯在听完一堆抱怨或者说陈述之后，看对方是否需要我给予分析。很多时候，往往都是对方说完，

自己就已经很清醒了，他们不缺脑子，缺的是时间，或者说是一个人，愿意听完他所有的思想和情感，有时候，他们只要宣泄而已，并非真的不知道要做什么来改变现状。心理咨询其实是个很美妙的过程，给予及时的反馈而非评判，让来访者前所未有的感到被无条件的接纳，到现在我才真的明白这一点是多么多么多么的重要。

人生很多的道理，到了这个年纪我们都明白了，看过了，经历了，即使没有历经，也有起码的判断力了。我们更渴望的，是得到点点滴滴的小关爱，慢慢渗透的，恰到好处的，日积月累的，绵长的情愫。就是正对红心，那一下柔软的touch!

导语：如今，盗版问题变得越来越严重。书籍，磁带，光盘和其他高科技产品已盗版。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Nowadays,the problem of piracy has become more and more serious. Books,tapes,VCDs and others high-tech products have been pirated. For instance,when a new product comes onto market,most probably,its pirated counterpart will soon put on its appearance in the market,too. Piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate producers,inventors and writers in many ways. To start with,the pirated products often cost much less than the genuine ones so that they enjoy a better trading position in spite of their relatively poor quality. The genuine products,on the contrary,sell poorly. Whats worse,pirated books sometimes do great harm to the authorsreputation due to some misprints. In the long run,pirated products may have a negative impact on customers. Those legitimate producerscreativity and enthusiasm may be deeply hurt by the fact that some customers are more interested in the pirated products for the sake of small gains. In my opinion,its high time that everyone started the battle against piracy.First,customers should develop their consciousness to resist the pirated products. Second,the government should take effective measures to put an end to piracy. Finally,laws must be strictly enforced to completely ban piracy. Only in this way can we wipe the pirated products out of our life.

【参考翻译】

如今，盗版问题变得越来越严重。书籍，磁带，光盘和其他高科技产品已盗版。例如，当一个新产品出现在市场上，最有可能的是，它的盗版产品很快就会出现在市场上。盗版行为在许多方面给合法的生产者、发明家和作家造成了巨大的损失。首先，盗版产品通常要比那些正版的要低得多，以至于他们在质量相对较低的情况下享有较好的交易地位。相反，真正的产品卖不好。更糟糕的是，盗版书有时危害巨大，由于一些作者错误的观点。从长远来看，盗版产品可能会对客户产生负面影响。那些合法的生产者的热情，也许是因为有些客户是在盗版产品为了少的收益更感兴趣，深深的伤害了。在我看来，每个人都开始了打击盗版的斗争，第一，客户应该发展他们的意识，抵制盗版产品。其次，政府应采取有效措施，结束盗版。最后，法律必须严格执行，完全禁止盗版。只有这样，我们才能把盗版产品从我们的生活中抹去。

最近，天津滨海新区高一期末统考语文试卷的阅读题，选了毕飞宇的作品《苏北少年“堂吉诃德”》中《大地》的片段。考试结束之后，毕飞宇的微博就“炸”了，天津的中学生们纷纷跑到毕飞宇的微博下留言：请问毕飞宇老师，你文章《大地》厚重感到底体现在哪里?

虽然这一次毕飞宇没有直接说自己也不知道这道题的答案，但类似的作者答不出自己文章“中心思想”的例子，这些年其实是一再出现。

比如，韩寒就曾“细心地完成”了针对自己文章《求医》一节的中学语文阅读题，8道题只做对了3道。甚至，他选错了“画线句作者想要表达的意思”;而去年浙江高考的语文阅读题《一种美味》，因为“从锅里跳出来的鱼眼里发出诡异的光”，原作者被强大的网友找了出来，然而作者却表示：这题……我也不会做!

按理说，一篇文章表达了什么，哪句话背后体现了怎样的“潜台词”，作者本人应该最懂。可出题者硬是拿着作者本人都会“哑口无言”的题去考查学生，并根据“标准答案”判断对错，这样的现象着实有些尴尬，也无形中戳破了诸多教育迷思。

也有观点认为，阅读理解进入考试的目的是考察学生是否掌握了教育者传授的那套分析逻辑，而和作者自己的逻辑没有太大关系。这种说法似乎也算言之成理。但问题在于，既然考察的是教育者传授学生的分析逻辑，那是否一定只有“标准答案”才能体现学生的分析逻辑?这套“标准答案”本身又是否经得起推敲?如果标准答案真的只有一个，那作者本人不认同算不算是最明确的否定?

从提问方式看，不少阅读理解题往往都是直接向学生发问，作者表达的是什么意思，这种口吻首先就难免导向考生对作者个人“心思”的揣度，与基本逻辑分析反倒显得没多大关系。事实上，从一些作者本人都做不出题的尴尬可以看出，“标准答案”其实本就不存在。

正如毕飞宇在事后接受采访时所说，“我不认为让孩子们回答这个问题是合适的。所谓的“厚重感”，可能是老师们的阅读感受，要知道，孩子们的阅读能力与感受能力与老师的差距是巨大的，用成人的“感受”去考孩子，这里头有失公平。”

阅读理解，本身就应是一个开放的题，除了考察学生的理解能力、逻辑分析能力，另一个重要目的，应该是激发学生的表达欲。但目前的出题方式，直接让孩子去揣摩原作者的想法，或者干脆说是揣摩“标准答案”，确实不利于激发考生自我表达和思考的欲望。其导致的结果，要么是逼迫考生“为了得分强作解读”，要么是违背自己真实想法的“瞎编”。相比较考察目的的悖论，该题型对学生思考能力的压抑或更值得正视。虽说考试就是通过量化的方式来考核学生，但不区分客观与主观，统统以“标准答案”思维来限定学生自我表达和想象力的考查方式，或者说至少是这类题，确实需要改改了。

而类似的质疑，在有效的改变到来前，恐怕只会越来越多。毕飞宇的另外一番话，发人深省，“孩子们很可爱，通过微博向我提了一堆问题。我的第一感觉就是现在的孩子真是新人类，他们思考问题的方式和解决问题的方式和我们真是不一样了，怎么想起来这个方式的呢?精灵古怪的。在我看来，这就是创造性。我们在少年时代怎么可能这么干?即使脑子里有了创意，也不会执行，这说明孩子们的执行力也在提升。我喜欢这样的孩子。”

是的，孩子思考问题和解决问题的方式都已经变了，那我们的教育思维、考察孩子的方式，就更没有理由再停留在过去了。

人自生下来，情感、情绪就受到客观坏境的影响，受到偶发事件的牵动，感动就是人的感情受到冲击时的一种反应。

考生要想写好这篇文章，就需要从材料出发，充分调动生活积累，回忆曾让我们为之感动的人或事，景或情，力求从中选取内蕴丰富，值得我们咀嚼、玩味的材料，把它们组织到文章中来。此外在充分领会感动的内涵基础上，还要从全新的角度，选择一个新视角，去抒写真情。生活中处处涌动着令人感动的事情，只有善于用心捕捉，就能找到写作的切入点。

内容上，我们即可以写伟人的壮举，也可以写凡人小事;还可以写造化奇观，鬼斧神工。但切记，所写的这些都必须是令你感动的，能与读者用心交流的。要让读者感动，让生活感动，让世界感动。

写法上，既可以抒情，也可以议论。但组织起来的材料作为文章主体框架必须都是抒情、议论的基础，否则，所抒之情，所议之理，皆会成为无源之水，无本之木，这就起不到感染读者的作用，反而会让读者望而生厌。无论采取何种表达方式，都必须要把握住情感的基调，以真情感人，以深邃的思想感人。

总之，只要文章内容能恰当地围绕话题，阐发感动的深层内涵，表现积极的价值取向，就都符合要求。

[关于感动话题作文高考写作指导

1、 霍金：英国物理学家，身残志坚，著《时间简史》，被誉为“当代的爱因斯坦”。

2、 曹雪芹：(清)举家食粥，著《红楼梦》。“批阅十载，增删五次”。“字字看来都是血，十年辛苦不寻常。”“满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味。”

3、 司马迁(汉)：史学家，受宫刑后，发愤著《史记》。“史家之绝唱，无韵之离骚”。

4、 廉颇、蔺相如：将相和。

5、 屈原(战国?楚)：沉江殉国难。“长太息以掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰。”

6、史铁生：大难之后成大器。《我与地坛》。

7、唐太宗与魏征：明君与名臣，相得益彰。

8、 鲁迅的生平创作：弃医从文。“鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨。这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。”

9、 李白“诗仙”，浪漫主义，“白发三千丈，缘愁似个长。” 杜甫“诗圣”，现实主义，“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。”

10、钱仲书：淡泊名利。“你吃了鸡蛋觉得好就行了，何必要见那只下蛋的鸡呐。”

11、契诃夫(俄)：700多至800多篇短、中篇小说，戏剧作家，世界闻名的短篇小说家之一。

12、孙犁，当代小说家，一生淡泊名利，潜心创作，是荷花淀派的代表人物。

13、巴尔扎克，法国作家，写了九十多篇小说，著有《人间喜剧》。

14、孔明挥泪斩马谡。(可从多方面多角度构思并使用，如感情亲疏 用人 真才实学 纸上谈兵)

15、杜十娘怒沉百宝箱。

16、老舍：人民艺术家，“士大夫不可辱的知识分子形象。”

17、关汉卿，元初作家。“我是个蒸不烂，煮不熟，捶不扁，炒不燥，响当当的一粒铜豌豆。”

18、陶渊明：不为五斗米折腰。中国士大夫精神上的一个归宿。

19、曹操：对酒当歌，人生几何!譬如朝露，去日苦多-----山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。

20、李清照：与丈夫赵明诚感情甚笃，共同完成30卷的《金石录》。

21、闻一多：“拍案而起，横眉怒对国民D的手 枪。”(民族气节)

22、艾青：为什么我的眼里常含泪水?因为我对这土地爱得深沉---

23、梁小斌：秋天像一条深沉的河流在歌唱。

24、海子：从明天起，做一个幸福的人，喂马，劈柴，周游世界。

25、普希金：俄国文学之始祖，1837年2月8日与丹特士决斗而死。(为个人尊严而站。虽死犹荣。)

26、裴多菲：我愿意是急流-------只要我的爱人，是一条小鱼，在我的浪花中，快乐地游来游去。

27、曹植：捐躯赴国难，视死忽如归;本是同根生，相煎何太急。

28、勾践：十年生聚，卧薪尝胆，终于灭吴。

29、朱自清：“宁可饿死，也不领美国的救济粮。”

30、王安石：《游褒禅山记》。(强调志，力，物三个条件。深思而慎取。)

32、刘邦和项羽楚汉相争，前者知人善任，后者自矜功伐。

35、辛弃疾：金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎。

36、元稹和白居易友谊深厚：“垂死病中惊坐起，暗风吹雨入寒窗。”

37、巴金：我家乡的泥土，我祖国的土地，我永远同你们在一起接受阳光的雨露，与花、树、禾苗一同生长。我唯一的心愿是化作泥土，留在人们温暖的脚印里。

38、海伦·凯勒：《假如给我三天光明》。(她让一切健康但虚度光阴的俗人感到羞愧。)

39、一个老人在火车上不小心掉了一只新鞋，在众人的惋惜声中，老人毫不犹豫的把另一只也从窗口扔掉。(与其抱守残缺，不如果断的放弃。)

[高考写作课本作文素材

导语：众人拾柴火焰高，团队的力量是强大的，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的有关团队的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

As teamwork is increasingly important in modern society，everyone should train his ability to cooperate with others.

Todays society is no longer a self-sufficient one，but one in which all the people depend on each other for existence.Only for existence，not to mention the pursuit and obtainment of happiness，one cant do without the ability to work harmoniously with others.In the highly developed society today，one can almost accomplish nothing without joint efforts.Every loaf of bread，every article of clothes，every house or apartment，every means of transportation is the product of cooperative efforts.We play with other children in kindergartens;we study with our classmates at schools;and we will work with our fellow workers or colleagues in factories or companies. What we have got through teamwork is not only self-improvement，personal success but also the satisfaction at both our devotion to common causes and the sense of collective honor.

To meet the needs of both personal improvement and the sophisticated society，we should learn to cooperate with each other and adjust to each other.Only in this way can we achieve successes and satisfy ourselves as well as the society.

【参考译文】

在现代社会中团队精神越来越重要，每个人都应该培养自己与他人合作的能力。

当今社会不再是自给自足的，所有的人都是互相依存。只为了生存，更不用说追求与获得幸福就这样了，人不能缺乏与他人和谐相处的能力。在今天高度发达的社会，没有共同努力一个人几乎是一事无成。每一块面包，每一件衣服，每一个房子或公寓，各种交通运输工具都是团队努力的结果。我们在幼儿园与其他小孩一起玩;我们在学校和我们的同学一起学习;我们将与我们的伙伴或在工厂或公司的同事一起工作。通过团队合作我们得到了什么，不仅是自我完善，个人成功，而且也有共同目标的的贡献和集体荣誉感的满足。

为了同时满足个人完善和复杂的社会需求，我们应该学会互相合作和互相适应。只有这样我们才能获得成功，满足自己和社会。

The Best Kind of Love

i’m young again!” she shouts euberantly.as my friend raves on about her new love, i’ve taken a good look at my old one. my husband of almost 20 years, scott, has gained 15 pounds. once a marathon runner, he now runs only down hospital halls. his hairline is receding and his body shows the signs of long working hours and too many candy bars. yet he can still give me a certain look across a restaurant table and i want to ask for the check and head home.

when my friend asked me “what will make this love last?” i ran through all the obvious reasons: commitment, shared interests, unselfishness, physical attraction, communication. yet there’s more. we still have fun. spontaneous good times. yesterday, after slipping the rubber band off the rolled up newspaper, scott flipped it playfully at me: this led to an all-out war. last saturday at the grocery, we split the list and raced each other to see who could make it to the checkout first. even washing dishes can be a blast. we enjoy simply being together.and there are surprises. one time i came home to find a note on the front door that led me to another note, then another, until i reached the walk-in closet. i opened the door to find scott holding a “pot of gold” (my cooking kettle) and the “treasure” of a gift package. sometimes i leave him notes on the mirror and little presents under his pillow.there is understanding. i understand why he must play basketball with the guys. and he understands why, once a year, i must get away from the house, the kids -and even him -to meet my sisters for a few days of nonstop talking and laughing.

there is sharing. not only do we share household worries and parental burdens - we also share ideas. scott came home from a convention last month and presented me with a thick historical novel. though he prefers thrillers and science fiction, he had read the novel on the plane. he touched my heart when he eplained it was because he wanted to be able to echange ideas about the book after i’d read it.

there is forgiveness. when i’m embarrasssingly loud and crazy at parties, scott forgives me. when he confessed losing some of our savings in the stock market, i gave him a hug and said, “it’s okay. it’s only money.”there is sensitivity. last week he walked through the door with that look that tells me it’s been a tough day. after he spent some time with the kids, i asked him what happened. he told me about a 60-year-old woman who’d had a stroke. he wept as he recalled the woman’s husband standing beside her bed, caressing her hand. how was he going to tell this husband of 40 years that his wife would probably never recover? i shed a few tears myself. because of the medical crisis. because there were still people who have been married 40 years. because my husband is still moved and concerned after years of hospital rooms and dying patients.

there is faith. last tuesday a friend came over and confessed her fear that her husband is losing his courageous battle with cancer. on wednesday i went to lunch with a friend who is struggling to reshape her life after divorce. on thursday a neighbor called to talk about the frightening effects of alzheimer’s disease on her father-in-law’s personality. on friday a childhood friend called long-distance to tell me her father had died. i hung up the phone and thought, this is too much heartache for one week. through my tears, as i went out to run some errands, i noticed the boisterous orange blossoms of the gladiolus outside my window. i heard the delighted laughter of my son and his friend as they played. i caught sight of a wedding party emerging from a neighbor’s house. the bride, dressed in satin and lace, tossed her bouquet to her cheering friends. that night, i told my husband about these events. we helped each other acknowledge the cycles of life and that the joys counter the sorrows. it was enough to keep us going.finally, there is knowing. i know scott will throw his laundry just shy of the hamper every night; he’ll be late to most appointments and eat the last chocolate in the bo. he knows that i sleep with a pillow over my head; i’ll lock us out of the house at a regular basis, and i will also eat the last chocolate.

i guess our love lasts because it is comfortable. no, the sky is not bluer: it’s just a familiar hue. we don’t feel particularly young: we’ve eperienced too much that has contributed to our growth and wisdom, taking its toll on our bodies, and created our memories.i hope we’ve got what it takes to make our love last. as a bride, i had scott’s wedding band engraved with robert browning’s line “grow old along with me!” we’re following those instructions.

“if anything is real, the heart will make it plain.”

【示例一】

①There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical ones. ②The first reason is that ________(理由一). ③The second reason is that ________(理由二). ④The third reason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example is that ________(理由三).

【示例二】

①There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/case/instance. ②The most contributing one is/the main reason is no other than ________(理由一). ③What is more, ________(理由二). ④ ________(理由三)also play a role in this case.

There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

[高考英语作文必备黄金句

一、几点重要原则

1.智者利用押题，傻子依赖押题!

2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!

3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。

4.文似看山不喜平，起承转合一定要有!

5.“见微知著，一叶知秋”，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。

6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句“英汉对号”式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。

二、善用万能句以不变应万变

历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。

从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。

备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。

最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。

考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。

写作时，尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有“较多的语法结构和词汇”，因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句，还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词，使写出来的文章含金量更高，更具可读性。

三、高分作文六大特性

1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。

2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。

3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。

4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。

5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。

6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。

四、怎样才能有‘拽”的感觉

1.高考写作的实质——变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用

英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈，那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容，是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定，内容方面，不需要学生进行发挥，大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句)，而要去穿一些不一样的衣服，让它显得不那么单调，让阅卷老师能看到不同，而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。

2.写作的评分标准——怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口

我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右，写作满分25分，15分也就是个及格分，那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但是全都是简单句子的堆砌，没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服，而是李宁、耐克，或者是阿迪，所以让人觉得很“拽”，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉。

3.写作提分的三要素——句型。连词。高级词汇

句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段，再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。

但是大家又有这样的困惑，学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊，动辄成五十上百句的，大家背得挺多，但是面对考试的时候，发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用，而是它们太干了，就好比一根干骨头，大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。

在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。

找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。

1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。

2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想：

(1)可以用什么样的复杂句；

(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。

例如：

这本书是如此的有趣，以至于我读了一遍又一遍。

1.This book was so interest，ing that l read it again and again，

2.This was such an interest，ing book that l read it again andagain，

3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and a—gain

4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and a—gain

这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句，因为它用了倒装。

写作词汇提升是把“阅读词汇”转化为“写作词汇”的过程。举个例子，当我在课堂上问及大家“害怕”这个词英文表达的时候，很多同学不加思维的就告诉我是“afraid”，我再问大家这个词是什么时候学的时候，很多人恍然大悟，原来词汇早在初中甚至是小学的时候就学过了。那么，考研阅卷的老师如何以“afraid”这个词判断你到底是一个合格的大学毕业生还是一个仅仅上过初中的同学呢，现在我们就不难理解为什么考研写作的平均分只有满分的一半了。

当我们翻开大学的英语课本我们会发现，在大学的四年中(甚至只是大一大二的两年中)我们就学过很多表示“害怕”但却比“afraid”要高级的多的词汇，比如：horror，scared，astonished 等等。这当中的任何一个词都会比afraid得的分数要高，这就是所谓的高级词汇取代低级词汇的过程。

现在，我们就要树立一个思想，写作的最小组成单位是词汇，词汇有低级的(baby words)也有高级的(advanced words)，想要得到考研写作高分的第一步就是要有意识的在写作中用高级词汇去取代相对低级的词汇，从而反映出自己的词汇表现能力(lexical resource)。

英语写作技巧二、句型 —— 学会自创简单句

考研写作最基本的句式称之为“自创句”。“自创句”是根据所要表达的含义完全自主创作的英文句子，其基础是语法知识。阅读时不理解某些语法现象仍然能理解文章，而写作要求精确，是和语法联系最为紧密的语言功能。其中，简单句是一切句子的基础，简单句的创作可三步走：

1. 根据句义确定唯一的谓语动词。

2. 根据动词种类(无宾、单宾、双宾、宾补或系动词)补全句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语等。

3. 注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的一致。

英语写作技巧三、构思 —— 学习英文独特的思想表达方式

当我们有了高级的词汇和复杂的句型之后，是不是就一定能写出高分的作文了呢?不一定。写作是一个人思维的理性表达，因此，对于写作来说，思维方式的优劣更是一篇文章好与坏的根本性的指向标。

英文有自己独特的思想表达模式，要学会用英文的表达模式写作。所以建议大家在夯实词汇、句型之后多读多背多写，练习地道的英文写作思维方式。阅读和背诵是积累语言素材的关键，《新概念》序言中甚至提到“只写读过的语言”。在此基础之上，“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，阅读背诵素材之后，写作提高需要大量的实战演习

考研英语应用文写作范文之感谢信感谢信

结构要点感谢信是就某事向收信人表示感谢的信件，分为三个部分：

1． 指出对方帮助自己的事情，表示感谢；

2． 展开叙述这件事；

3． 再次感谢，并可表示希望回报对方。

Suppose your were recommended by Professor Sun to get further education in Yale University last June and now you have been admitted by that university. Write a letter to Professor Sun to express your gratitude in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Professor Sun,

I am writing to extend my gratitude to you—without your help I would not have been a postgraduate student of Applied Mechanics Department of Yale University.

Last June, you helped me with no reservation when I applied for Yale University. You wrote a recommendation letter for me to Professor W, the dean of the department. You gave me instructions on how to fill the application forms and write the application letters. Whats more, you also taught me how to take care of myself and get along with others, which I believe are lifes great lessons.

Your help enabled me to fulfill my dream to pursue my studies in a great university. In the following days I will remember what you have told me and work and study hard to be a capable, conscientious and responsible person.

Yours truly,

Li Ming

感谢信

语言注意点感谢信应充分表达自己的谢意，切不可给对方草率的印象。可借助谈对方的帮助来进一步表达感激之情。言辞应真挚、得体。

Suppose you were taken good care of by Aunt Sun when you pursued your studies in Los Angels where Sun lived. Write a letter in about 100 words to extend your appreciation. Do not

sign your own name, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Aunt Sun,

It is a great pleasure to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your hospitality and consideration while I pursue my bachelors degree at University of California.

As soon as I arrived in Los Angeles, you found me an apartment near my university. When I met with difficulties you often sent your daughter to help me and when I felt homesick you often talked to me patiently. You told me how to improve my efficiency in both work and study and how to get on well with teachers and schoolmates. Furthermore, you invited me to dinner on nearly every weekend.

Without your help, I would not have graduated with honors and found a satisfactory job back here in China. I know I can never repay you for everything you have done for me in the past four years, but you can be sure that I

Best regards.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming ll never forget it.

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

Dear Peter,

I read in a newspaper today that a “Learn Chinese, Sing Chinese Songs” Foreigners’ Talent Show will be held in Beijing Television Station on July 18. I know you like singing, and you are in Beijing during that period. I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. If you would like to try, you have to go to the TV station to sign up before the end of June. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.

Yours,

Li Hua

[高考满分英语作文欣赏

心灵不在它生活的地方，而在它所爱的地方。

——题记

世界上最灿烂的花朵是你绯红的脸颊;世界上最动听的音乐是你清脆的笑声;世界上最澄澈的清潭是你明净的眼神。孩子，你是上帝送给人世的礼物，是世间最美丽的天使。

丰子恺曾说：“孩子的眼光是直线，不会转弯。”的确，毕加索在参观了一个儿童画展后感叹和他们一样大时画得和拉斐尔一样，但学会像他们一样画要花一生的时间。

童眼之所以澄澈，是因为童心纯粹而不掺杂任何杂质。用童眼打量世界，用童心追求美好，让纯真悄悄开花。

懂得用童眼打量世界的人播下纯真的种子，不会错过你毕生追求的最美的花期。

画家鲁斯本倾尽一生研习画作。他画中人物骨骼健朗，刚劲如松;皮肤如脂，吹弹可破，画中执扇的东方女子宛转的秋波惹人怜爱，顾盼生姿。当被问及如何达到如此高的艺术境界时，鲁斯本淡然一笑：“我只不过是用出生婴儿的眼光来打量这个世界。”何尝不是这样呢?孩童的双眼里没有名利的追逐引起的争抢厮杀，没有汲汲与功利事物谄言媚笑，更没有被利欲熏心的狰狞面目和丑恶的嘴脸。他们有的只是徜徉在一个纯真美好的世界里开出一朵淡雅的花来。

月如指尖的细沙转瞬即逝，我们跟着匆匆的岁月身后成为岁月的奴隶。浸泡在红尘的染缸里，慢慢地发酸发臭。又有多少人还能保持曾经的纯粹如一，保持那份安静泰然的优雅和一份让人不敢轻触的美好?

张爱玲曾说：“生活是一件华丽的旗袍，上面爬满了虱子。”但只要卸下多余的包袱，日子一样可以行云流水。又有谁说人生只有百味皆尝才不负仅有一次的人生?卡尔·维诺在《如果在冬夜，一个旅人》中曾说：“生命是一条有开始却没有结束的路。”何不做一个雅士林逋般悠然简单之人，掬一首流觞月，揽一笔兰亭墨，以梅为妻，以鹤为子?

用童眼打量世界，隔着一条世俗的溪，便可以看清隔岸的是是非非。让一位杰出考古学家耗尽一生的几行字却被孙子用镜子背面照镜子简单地解了。何尝不是向我们昭示，把一切繁杂都化为简单归真，把一切繁尘都看作过眼云烟。童眼看世界，你会拥有“贫，气不改;达，志不改”的坚定;感受“雨醉云醒，柳暗花明”的清新;感悟“水可陶情，花可融愁”的幸福与香甜……。

请用童眼打量世界，用童心追求美好吧!你的心灵将在所爱的地方。海子在呢喃：面朝大海，春暖花开。愿有朝一日，儿童散学归来早，忙趁东风放纸鸢。

我的名字简简单单，普普通通，却因为你的爱而变得意义非凡。

那年秋天，小雨刚刚洗刷了城市的尘埃。我们走在公园的小径上，如同走过岁月的长廊。路上满是棕红的枫叶，染红了整个秋天。“自古逢秋悲寂寥”。是的，秋本来就是离别的季节，让人怎能不哀恸悲伤?这是我们最后一次见面，走完这段路，也就告别了三年的同窗之旅。我多么希望时光能留在这一刻，停滞不前啊!

路旁柳絮在空中姗姗飘落，仿佛跳着离别的舞蹈。池塘里的荷花早已凋谢，只留下几片残叶在空中摇曳，好像是在挥手告别。

你，还记得我们曾经一起走过的盛夏吗?那年荷花开得格外茂盛，粉红色充斥着整个荷塘。“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”早已无法形容这令人如醉如痴的景色。你说：“荷花真美啊!要是能一直看到这样精致小巧的荷花就好了”。我想但凡是有心人，都会沉浸在这茂密的荷塘当中无法自拔。我记得那时你笑了，笑得很甜。

然而直到如今我才明白，那时你说的哪是荷花啊!分明是喜悦那悠然的时光，分明是不舍我们在一起的时光。“再美的花朵盛开过就凋落”。这世上哪有不败的花，无非是自欺欺人罢了!

每一条路都有自己的终点，而我们的缘分似乎已经走到了尽头。远方的夕阳即将落幕，在天边洒出淡淡的金黄色的光芒，这光芒是何等的耀眼啊!这光芒明明白白的提醒我：时辰到了，该道别了。天空中几只羽毛乌黑发亮的乌鸦不停的叫着，这声音“呕哑嘲哳难为听”，这声波撕心裂肺，震碎了我的心门，我不禁放声痛哭起来。

这是我的耳边响起了悦耳的嗓音，是你在叫着我的名字。“别哭了，我们还会再见的，不是吗?”既然无法阻止这场诀别，那就任它而去吧。我在远处注视着你瘦小的身影，在夕阳的照射下渐行渐远。

我就是茫茫大海中的一粒沙。在浩瀚的宇宙中我真的微不足道，如同灰尘一样，即便消失了，也没有人会记得我的名字。然而，上帝是何等的慈爱，他让我遇到了你这只小贝壳。在与你的相处当中，我渐渐成长，变成了一颗美丽的珍珠。

我就是幽幽深林中的小蒲公英。在天地之间我真的很渺小。没有人知道我的名字。而你是徐徐的微风。想必“吹面不寒杨柳风”就是形容你的吧!在你的鼓舞下，我拥有了勇气，飞向天空，创出了一片自己的天地。

请别忘记我的名字，无论你身处怎样的逆境，都不要忘记我永远都会相信你，支持你，陪你共度难关。翼，唯有飞翔，才能成长：拳，唯有战斗，才能坚强。你的名字和我的名字，都将因拼搏而变得精彩。

写人作文在文学创作中，它与“叙事”、“抒情”鼎足而三，又常常难解难分。小编收集了怎样写人作文，欢迎阅读。

一、熟悉中选材。

在我们周围，有很多关心我们的人，如在生活中对你关怀备至的爷爷奶奶、对你严格教育的爸爸妈妈、为你播下知识种子的老师、和你一同成长的同学伙伴等。从中加以筛选，选出你认为最值得写的人和事写下来。

二、所选的事例要突出人物的某一品质。

写人离不开写事。在对事情的叙述中完成人物性格的塑造。人物的特点多种多样。不仅有我们平时爱写的某个人刻苦学习、助人为乐、关心集体、热爱劳动等品质;还有人物的性格脾气，如平易近人、心直口快、做事拖拉、懒散傲慢、粗心大意等也可作为写作素材;还可以写人物兴趣爱好方面的特点，比如喜爱集邮、酷爱绘画，喜欢游泳等。只要你了解了某一个人的任何特点，都可以作为材料进行写作。正所谓：“千人千模样，万人万脾气。”

在确定了文章的中心后，接下来把自己收集到的材料排排队，比较一下哪一件事最能反映文章的中心，也就是人物某一方面的特点。所选的材料越有代表性，人物的特点就越鲜明，文章的中心就越突出。

三、描述要一定的技巧。

文章讲究文采。文章在中心明确，选材符号要求后还要讲究语言生动、叙述有一定的技巧。正如评价一个人的外在漂亮与否“三分长相，七分打扮”。文章也是如此。既然写人要通过写事来突出人的特点。所写的事要符合记叙文六要素。尤其要按照事情的发展顺序把事情的起因、经过、结果一步一步写清楚。但并不是把事情像报流水帐似的记一遍，而是要突出重点，有详有略。与突出人物特点密切的情节要详细写，写得具体些，而那些和中心不那么密切的情节要简单些，甚至不写。这样才能做到重点突出、中心明确。语言叙述也要讲究技巧。刻画人物进行叙述的过程中，要多住住人物的外貌、神态、动作心理来刻画。如《爱唠叨的妈妈》：“妈妈一把拽过我，拉到她面前，整了整我整整全齐齐的衣领，拍了拍刚换的衣服上的‘灰’，又开始了唠叨：‘上课要老师的话，要积极发言，下课要-------，过马路要------’我只能一个劲地点头，表示已经记下了。如果我不做声或心不在焉，那可就糟了，她准以为我干了什么见不得人的事，她非要到学校问个明白不可。-------”

1、心灵是一方广袤的天空，它包容着世间的一切；心灵是一片宁静的湖水，偶尔也会泛起阵阵涟漪；心灵是一块皑皑的雪原，它辉映出一个缤纷的世界。

2、在世上所有的手法里面，奉承是最巧妙、最狡猾的一种。

3、爱如灯盏，照耀着在情感黑夜中摸索前行的人；爱如甘泉，滋润着在情感沙漠中艰难行走的人；爱如阳光，温暖着在情感雪地中哆嗦爬行的人；爱如春风，抚摩着在情感泥淖中受伤挣扎的人。

4、海潮，放远了谛听才觉得深邃；山峰，放远了望才觉得秀美；忠告，放远了品味才觉得亲切；友情，放远了回忆才觉得珍贵。所以，哲人说“距离产生美。”

5、生命的意义不在美丽的言辞中，不在空洞的追求里，而在于实实在在的谋求自己的生存，同时也帮助别人生存中。

6、人能走多远？这话不要问双脚，而是要问志向；人能攀登多高？这话不要问身躯，而是要问意志；人能创造多少？这话不要问双手，而是要问智慧；人能看多远？这话不要问眼睛，而是要问胸襟。

7、人的一生，如同四季，春种，夏耘，秋收，冬藏。

8、倘若希望在金色的秋天收获果实，那么在寒意侵人的早春，就该卷起裤腿，去不懈地拓荒、播种、耕耘，直到收获的那一天。

9、柔和的阳光斜挂在苍松翠柏不凋的枝叶上，显得那么安静肃穆，绿色的草坪和白色的水泥道貌岸然上，脚步是那么轻起轻落，大家的心中却是那么的激动与思绪波涌。

10、一人有任何正当理由信任自己的人，永远不在别人面前炫耀，以使别人信任他。

11、没有蓝天的深邃，可以有白云的飘逸；没有大海的壮阔，可以有小溪的优雅；没有原野的芬芳，可以有小草的翠绿！生活中没有旁观者的席位，我们总能找到自己的位置，自己的光源，自己的声音。我们有美的胸襟，我们才活得坦然；我们活得坦然，生活才给我们快乐的体验。

12、黄土高原，是我挺起的胸膛；黄河流水，是我沸腾的血液；黄帝陵丘，是我远古的怀想；黄海大潮，是我激荡的心声；黄山劲松，是我不屈的脊梁；黄埔大桥，是我展开的臂膀；大兴安岭，是我坚硬的肋骨；洞庭鄱阳，是我明亮的眼睛；喜马拉雅，是我高昂的头颅；巍巍长城，是我不屈的脊梁。

13、盛年不重来，一日难再晨。

14、生活是蜿蜒在山中的小径，坎坷不平，沟崖在侧。摔倒了，要哭就哭吧，怕什么，不心装模作样！这是直率，不是软弱，因为哭一场并不影响赶路，反而能增添一份小心。山花烂漫，景色宜人，如果陶醉了，想笑就笑吧，不心故作矜持！这是直率，不是骄傲，因为笑一次并不影响赶路，反而能增添一份信心。

15、人性的堕落，常常从无视公理开始，社会的尊严，常常因权力滥用萎缩。

16、爱心是冬日的一片阳光，()使用饥寒交迫的人感受到人间的温暖；爱心是沙漠中的一泓清泉，使用权濒临绝境的人重新看到生活的希望；爱心是洒在久旱大地上的一场甘霖，使孤苦无依的人即刻获得心灵的慰藉。

17、一分钟的静默是一场令人晕眩的交响乐！这个乐曲包含的内容比生活的本质更为丰富。

18、爱心是一片照射在冬日的阳光，它能让贫病交加的人感受到人间的温暖；爱心是广袤无垠沙漠中的一股请泉，它能使濒临绝境的人获得生存的希望；爱心是一首动人的歌谣，它能使心灰意冷的人获得精神的慰藉；爱心是一场久旱的甘霖，它能使悲观失望的人获得心灵的滋润。

19、幸福的家庭家家都相似，不幸的家庭却各有各的不幸。

20、别在树下徘徊，别在雨中沉思，别在黑暗中落泪。向前看，不要回头，只要你勇于面对抬起头来，就会发现，分数的阴霾不过是短暂的雨季。向前看，还有一片明亮的天，不会使人感到彷徨。

21、最柔软脆弱的是人性，最厚重刚烈的也是人性。

22、希望源于失望，奋起始于忧患，正如一位诗人所说：有饥饿感受的人一定消化好，有紧迫感受的人一定效率高，有危机感受的人一定进步快。

23、当你身临暖风拂面，鸟语花香，青山绿水，良田万顷的春景时，一定会陶醉其中；当你面对如金似银，硕果累累的金秋季节时，一定会欣喜不已。你可曾想过，那盎然的春色却是历经严寒洗礼后的英姿，那金秋的美景却是接受酷暑熔炼后的结晶。

24、挫折就像一块巨石。懦弱的人，面对他，止步不前；坚强的人，依靠它，站得更高。诚信就像一面神镜。奸佞的人，面对它，原形毕露；善良的人，依靠它，识别真伪。

25、我爱你就是因为你无所不知，但是却沉默不语。

26、人生不售来回票，一旦动身，绝不能复返。

27、生命如同一幅画，可以没有色彩铺张的轰轰烈烈，但不能缺少美的意境。

28、你有你波涛汹涌的豪迈，我有我细流涓涓的从容；你习惯在高山间一泻千里，我喜欢在小村边缓缓流过。你是大江，我是小河。你有你条条框框的教养，我有我无拘无束的洒脱；你习惯在餐桌前慢条斯理，我喜欢在篝火旁狼吞虎咽。

29、人生的道路虽然漫长，但紧要处常常只有几步，特别是当人年轻的时候。没有一个人的生活道路是笔直的、没有岔道的。有些岔道口，譬如政治上的岔道口，事业上的岔道口，个人生活上的岔道口，你走错一步，可以影响你人生的一个时期，甚至影响你的一生！

30、永远相信，人世间不只是心灵的沙漠，感情的冰窑，各种至善至真的情怀，筑起了一道道最美的风景。

31、玩笑也得看时间和地点；应该严肃的时候，我会严肃得像只驴子。不过人有时候会露马脚，驴子也忍不住喊叫。

32、对手是要战胜的对象，要想尽办法击垮它；对手是竞争的伙伴，要在竞争同发展；对手是要攀登的高山，山越高，征服它就越能体现自身的价值；对手是论坛上的辩友，失去了一方，另一方也会失去意义。

33、生命，只要你充分利用，它便是长久的。

34、日子总是像从指尖渡过的细纱，在不经意间悄然滑落。那些往日的忧愁和误用伤，在似水流年的荡涤下随波轻轻地逝去，而留下的欢乐和笑靥就在记忆深处历久弥新。

35、人生的价值，并不是用时间，而是用深度去衡量的。

36、在我们了解什么是生命之前，我们已将它消磨了一半。

37、使一个人的有限的生命，更加有效，也即等于延长了人的生命。

38、生活的海洋并不像碧波涟漪的西子湖，随着时间的流动，它时而平静如镜，时而浪花飞溅，时而巨浪冲天……人们在经受大风大浪的考验之后，往往会变得更加坚强。

39、能够讨每个人喜欢的人是不能令人真正喜欢的。

40、一个人总是要把自己的爱寄托在什么人身上，虽然有时他的爱会使人苦恼，会玷污人，也还有人可能会用自己的爱使亲人烦得要命，因为当他爱的时候，没有尊重被爱的人。

41、在大胆方面，要学习鸟雀；在多嘴方面，要学习鱼儿。

导语：雾霾已经成为很多地方挥之不去的梦魇,稍有不注意,特别是老人和小孩,抵抗力相对弱点的人群,很容易感染呼吸道疾病,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.

This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.

The components that make up haze may have negative effect on peoples health especially that of the children and the elderly. Also not excluded are those who have certain diseases such as asthma, allergy, and pneumonia and lung disease. Workers working in the open air have a high risk in their health.

One of effective solutions to help eliminate haze is to make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process,so it could reduce harmful emissions which are produced by manufacturing operations.

【参考译文】

霾是空气污染，它与灰尘、烟雾和其他干粒子混合在一起，使天空的清晰度模糊，与自然环境相互作用。

这种空气污染物来自各种自然和人为的来源。自然源包括风吹灰尘，煤烟，野火。人造资源可以包括汽车，工业燃料燃烧和制造业务。造成雾霾的主要原因之一是制造业经营。许多工厂过度测量产生的烟雾超过标准，烟雾严重影响空气成为空气污染。

构成雾霾的成分可能对人们的健康产生负面影响，尤其是儿童和老年人。也不排除那些有某些疾病，如哮喘，过敏，肺炎和肺部疾病。在户外工作的工人在健康方面有很高的风险。

帮助消除雾霾的有效方法之一是在制造过程中进行一些化学变化，从而减少制造过程中产生的有害排放物。