0三八妇女节的由来英文介绍（汇编20篇）
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194初中英文的自我介绍范文
全文共 697 字
+ 加入清单My name is ---. Im--- years old. I come from +某地.Im in Class--- ,Grade ---.Im a sunny girl or boy. I love my teachers ,classmates and my family.
There are four people in my family.They are my father,my mother,my brother and I. My father is a teacher .He works in a middle school .My mother is a doctor.She works in the hospital. They love their work. They work very hard. My brother is a student too . We study in the same middle school. He studies very hardly.
My favorite sport is palying football .After school, I often play football with my friends. Also I like to make friends with all of you. If you like , you can call me and send email to me, my mailbox is …….@163.com.
That’s all. Thank you!
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篇1：求职面试自我介绍英文
全文共 1220 字
+ 加入清单It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview,
I hope i can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.
Now i will introduce myself briefly
I am 26 years old,born in shandong province . I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of xx. I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.
In July xx, I began work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job. And in August xx,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.
I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.
That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.
篇2：大学生面试英文自我介绍范文
全文共 1199 字
+ 加入清单Distinguished leadership:
Hello, Im very glad to come to your company for an interview, I cant wait to want to sell you myself! My name is * * *, in June this year will be graduated from * * * * * university.
This four years, I always believe that good good study, take an active part in activities to eich their lives, a former minister of school students * *, the class learning committee member, and has won the school outstanding director-general.
As a graduating college students, my social experience is insufficient, but at the same time I also is a piece of blank paper. I am committed to the professional work, because this is my hobby, I study hard on professional course, explore problems is often a bubble in the library all day long, though not very rich practical experience, but I hope his future job that I can give full play to my thoughts. On learning work, attitude to life, I adhere to the calm attitude, the principle of honest effort, I have a strong dedication and sense of responsibility, can make I can face any difficulties and challenges.
Please believe positive I, perhaps Im not the best, but I definitely is a member of the efforts to run. I believe that running can shine!
篇3：外贸公司应聘英文自我介绍
全文共 862 字
+ 加入清单It is my plesure to meet you .today i am here to apply for the position of foreign trade clerk(or assistant)。
now let me tell you a little bit about myself.i am from jiangxi province . there are four members in my family,my parents,my elder sister and i. i am always a energetic and enthusiastic person that have many hobbies .well ,i am fond of all kinds of outdoor activities such as playing tennis , doing some physicalsports and so on. (you can also say i am interested in…or doing sth is also my favourite activity)this year i will gratuade from tian jin foreign studyings university, with major in foreign trade(or international trade)。
i really like this industy very much.if i am so lucky enough to be employed by your company,i will put what i have learnt together with my energy into my job and make some contribution to your company.
thank you very much!
篇4：初中英文自我介绍
全文共 1245 字
+ 加入清单Good morning !
It is really my honor to have this opportunity for an interview, I hope i can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.
Now i will introduce myself briefly, I am 26 years old,born in shandong province .
I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 20**.
I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.
In July 20**, I began work for a small private com#pany as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.
And in August 20**,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global com#pany, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of com#pany ennvironment. That is the reason why I com#e here to com#pete for this position.
I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.
That’s all. Thank you for giving me the chance.
篇5：程序员自我介绍英文
全文共 1341 字
+ 加入清单Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! It is really my honor to have this opportunity for this interview. I hope I can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed. Now, I will introduce myself briefly. I am x years old, born in Shandong province. I graduated from Qiingdao University with an electronic major. I graduated with a bachelors degree in xx. During my college years, I studied hard and passed Band Six test in College English. I mastered basic professional knowledge. Becoming an electronic engineer is my dream for a long time. I long for the chance to use my talents.
In July XX, I worked as a technical assistant engineer in a small Private Companies in Qingdao. Since my talent was not enough, I decided to change my job. In August XX, I went to Beijing to work as a foreign capital enterprise
Software test engineer. Because I want to change my working environment and try to find a job which is more challenging. And I think Motorola is an international company, and I can get more in such a working environment. That is the reason that I come here for the interview. I think Im a good team player and a person of great honesty to others. Also, I am able to work under great pressure. I am very confident that I am qualified for the position of engineer in the company.
Thank you for giving me this opportunity.
篇6：求职时英文自我介绍范文
全文共 1000 字
+ 加入清单I am a recent college graduate with a B.A. degree in automotive marketing &management. I have also been part of a family-owned automobile distributorship for nearly all my life, so cars are my life!
I noticed your advertisement for automotive sales and marketing assistant in the June 14th edition of the Dover star,and have submitted my resume for your consideration
You mentioned in the advertisement that the successful candidate must have:
1) A bachelor of arts degree I do
2)Excellent communications skills I do
3) Ability to work well with people at all levels I do
4) Eagerness to learn and "pay my dues" I am and I will
This is a job that I believe was made for me. I am familiar with your operation, as I am originally from this area. I an available immediately, and offer you competence, dedication, and a good work ethic if you dont mind, I will call you next week to see if a personal interview can be scheduled.
Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to speaking with you next week.
篇7：教师面试英文自我介绍
全文共 1146 字
+ 加入清单I was one with 13 years of teaching experience in physical education teachers, secondary school physical education in a title, came to xx secondary schools until the school work in xx.
In professional sports, I am good at basketball, volleyball and badminton; in quality development, I have participated in Aptech ACCP professional learning, and access to Beida Jade Bird and the joint approach the Ministry of Labor, junior software engineer certificates, compare savvy knowledge, focusing on the construction and management of dynamic Web sites can be skilled in using office software and Dreamweaver, Flash and other software, have been alone for the xx area of Justice and the Organization Department established a unit website.
Past achievements have changed with the disappearance of the original schools, wiped out, and I will state the beginning of a new teachers in my school work xx. In the xx distinctive secondary education and teaching under the influence of management mode, in this warm and harmonious family, I must give full play to their advantages, and actively join the Cottage in education, to become a good teacher.
篇8：10教师节的由来介绍
全文共 350 字
+ 加入清单1985年1月21日，第六届全国人大常委会第九次会议作出决议，将每年的9月10日定为我国的教师节。
尊师重教是中国的优良传统，早在公元前11世纪的西周时期，就提出“弟子事师，敬同于父”，古代大教育家孔子更是留下了“有教无类”、“温故而知新”、“学而时习之”等一系列至理名言。传道授业解惑的教师，被中国人誉为人类灵魂的工程师。
其实早在1932年，民国政府曾规定6月6日为教师节，解放后废除了6月6日的教师节，改用“五一国际劳动节”为教师节，但教师节没有单独的活动，没有特点。而将教师节定在9月10日是考虑到全国大、中、小学新学年开始，学校要有新的气象。新生入学开始，即尊师重教，可以给“教师教好、学生学好”创造良好的气氛。1985年9月10日，是中国恢复建立第一个教师节，从此以后，老师便有了自己的节日。
篇9：大一英文自我介绍
全文共 1613 字
+ 加入清单Good morning ladies and gentlemen,I’m HuangDong from FuJian Province.Its my pleasure to be here in front of you to introduce myself.I’m a freshman now studying in Materials Science and Engineering and I Just enter the university . About my character, I can’t describe it well, but generally speaking ,I am a hard_working student especially when I do the things I am interested in. And I am optimistic and confident. Sometimes I prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but I am not lonely, In my spare time,I often go shopping with my friends,surf on the Internet and do some sports,such as running,table tennis and roller_skating. I like badminton very much.I even got the 4th place in the badminton Competition in my school,which was a very glorious memory.But now since I’m faced with School and activities,I can’t spend too much time doing sports.But this busy life has also taught me how to balance between study and entertainment.Also I love English very much.I often write compositions to improve my witten ability, but I know my English is not good enough,I still need to make an effort.
This is a brief introduction of myself.At last I really look forward to being admitted and becoming part of the class. Thank you very much.
早上好,先生们女士们,我HuangDong从福建省。我很高兴能来这里在你面前介绍自己。我是大一的学生现在就读于材料科学与工程,我今年刚进入了大学。 我的性格,我不能描述得很好,但一般来说,我是一个努力工作的学生尤其是当我做的事情我感兴趣。和我乐观和自信。有时我喜欢一个人呆,阅读,听音乐,但是我并不孤独,在我的业余时间,我经常和我的朋友去购物,网上冲浪和做一些运动,比如跑步、乒乓球和滑旱冰。我非常喜欢打羽毛球。我甚至得到了第四位的羽毛球比赛在我的学校,这是一个非常辉煌的记忆。但是现在因为我面对学业和活动,我不会花太多的时间做运动。但这种忙碌的生活还教我如何学习和娱乐之间的平
衡。我也非常喜欢英语。我经常写作文要提高我的威滕能力,但我知道我的英语不够好,我仍然需要努力。
这是一个简要介绍我自己。最后我很高兴成为班级的一部分。非常感谢你。
篇10：篇面试外企英文自我介绍
全文共 1296 字
+ 加入清单Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself. My name is XXX, 24. I come from XXXXXX,thecapital of XXXXXXXProvince. I graduated from the XXXXXX department ofXXXXXUniversity in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing forthe postgraduate examination while I have been teaching XXXXXin NO.XXXXmiddleSchool and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hardwork has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you.
I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond ofhistory.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I likereading books, especially those XXXX.Frequently I exchange with other people bymaking comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I wasonce a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of networkapplication.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searchingfor information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is myfavorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.
I always believe that one will easily lag behindunless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study XXXXXXin this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command ofadvance XXXXXX.
篇11：英文自我介绍面试英语教师
全文共 1684 字
+ 加入清单Hi, Good afternoon everyone :
My name is *** .And I am from No.*** Overseas Chinese Middle School of *** .It is really a great honor to have this opportunity for an interview . I would like to answer whatever u raise , and I hope I can make a good performance today .Now let me introduce myself briefly .
I am *** years old . I graduated from “*** University”in *** . And then I got a higher degree in“ *** university ” in *** . I have worked for *** years since I graduated from the university .And I have been a headteacher for *** years .
Being a teacher is tired but excited . Having taught for so many years , I think I am experienced in teaching field . I have ever got much honor in teaching , but still I think I need a new environment to challenge myself .
I am open—minded , quickly thoughs and skillful in searching for information on internet . I can operate computer well . In my spare time, I have broad interests .Such as reading ,surfing the internet ,enjoying music ,writing some articles on my blog and even chatting with foreign friends online if possible .
I always believe working hard can bring us more opportunities . To be the best one is a little bit hard. But “Trying All My Best ” always can cheer me up .To succeed or fail is not the only thing . Its in how we face and invaluate ourselves .This is the chance we take , and this is what weve worked for all our lives . Shining like a shooting star at night , and always smile at life .Weve got to give it all . Someday when we turn back for what the footprint we have left , time will record the victory in our heart . So “ Try All My Best ” --- this is the motto of mine .
Ok !So much .Thank you !
篇12：关于妇女节的由来
全文共 1254 字
+ 加入清单导语：3月8日，是三八妇女节，也是女人节，那么，大家知道三八节的由来吗?下面是小编整理的妇女节的由来，欢迎大家阅读!
联合国从1975年国际妇女年开始庆祝国际妇女节，确认普通妇女争取平等参与社会的传统。1997年大会通过了一项决议，请每个国家按照自己的历史和民族传统习俗，选定一年中的某一天宣布为联合国妇女权利和世界和平日。联合国的倡议导致为实现男女平等建立了国家法律框架，并且提高了公众对于迫切需要在各个方面提高妇女地位的认识。
三八妇女节的由来
1857年3月8日，美国纽约的服装和纺织女工举行了一次抗议，反对非人道的工作环境，12小时工作制和低薪。游行者被警察围攻并赶散，两年以后，又是在三月，这些妇女组织了第一个工会。
1908年3月8日，15，000名妇女在纽约市游行，要求缩短工作时间，提高劳动报酬与享有选举权，禁止使用童工。五月，美国社会党决定以二月的最后一个星期日做为国内的妇女节。
1909年3月8日，美国芝加哥女工团要求男女平等权利而举行示威，次年8月在丹麦哥本哈根召开的国际第二次社会主义者妇女大会上决定，为了促进国际劳动妇女的团结和解放，以每年3月8日为妇女节。也叫国际妇女节。
第一次世界大战前，战争的阴影笼罩着世界，帝国主义企图瓜分殖民地。1910年8月，在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开了国际社会主义者第二次妇女代表大会。出席会议的有17个国家的代表，会议讨论的主要问题是反对帝国主义扩军备战，保卫世界和平;同时还讨论了保护妇女儿童的权利，争取8小时工作制和妇女选举权问题。领导这次会议的著名德国社会主义**家、杰出的共产主义战士克拉拉·蔡特金倡议，以每年的3月8日作为全世界妇女的斗争日，得到与会代表的一致拥护。从此以后，“三八”妇女节就成为世界妇女争取权利、争取解放的节日。
1917年，俄国妇女号召在2月23日罢工以要求"面包和和平"，抗议恶劣的工作环境和食物短缺。这天依据俄国使用的儒略历是当月的最后一个星期日，折合成欧洲广泛使用的格里高历是3月8日。1911年的3月8日为第一个国际劳动妇女节。
三八妇女节的历史意义
3。8国际妇女节是全世界妇女的节日。这个日子是联合国承认的，同时也被很多国家确定为法定假日。来自五湖四海的妇女们，尽管被不同的国界、种族、语言、文化、经济和政治所区分，但在这一天能够同时庆祝属于自己的节日。让我们再回首那九十年前的为得到平等、公正、和平以及发展所做出的斗争。
国际妇女节是劳动妇女创造历史的见证，妇女为争取与男性平等所走的斗争道路十分漫长。古希腊的莉西斯特拉塔就领导了妇女斗争来阻止战争;法国**时期，巴黎妇女高呼“自由，平等，友爱”，走上凡尔赛的街头争取选举权。
在这一天，世界各大洲的妇女，不分国籍、种族、语言、文化、经济和政治的差异，共同关注妇女的人权。近几十年来，联合国的四次全球性会议加强了国际妇女运动，随着国际妇女运动的成长，妇女节取得了全球性的意义。这些进展使国际妇女节成为团结一致、协调努力要求归还妇女权利和妇女参与政治、经济和社会生活的权利的日子。
篇13：感恩节英文介绍汇总
全文共 2516 字
+ 加入清单The early Thanksgiving has no fixed dates, temporary decision, by the states until after the independence, to become a National Day of Thanksgiving. Every Thanksgiving Day this day, the United States national lively very, christians according to custom to church to do Thanksgiving prayer, urban villages and towns are everywhere costume parade, theater or sports competition, etc. Respectively a year of relatives will be back from the country and the family reunion, taste to "Turkey" give priority to a meal.
Americas most famous local celebration was started in 1924 Macys Thanksgiving Day parade (Macy s Thanksgiving Day making).
Every Thanksgiving Day this day, the United States national jollification, people according to custom to church to do Thanksgiving prayer, urban and rural towns everywhere make-up marches, drama performances and sports competitions, such as schools and shops are given by the regulation off. Children to imitate the indians appearance in strange costumes and draw on facebook or wear a mask to the street singing, trumpet. Scattered in exile abroad will be home for the family, the family sit together, munch delicious Turkey, and the family said: "thanks!" . After Thanksgiving, the school will let the students draw a Thanksgiving picture, most of the students are drawing is Turkey.
At the same time, the hospitality of americans also not forget this day invite friends, bachelor or away from home for the holidays. Since the 18th century, the United States began to appear a give poor people a basket of food customs. There was a group of young women want to choose a day in a year for good, think that Thanksgiving is selected the most appropriate nevertheless. So Thanksgiving Day arrived, they were fitted with a full basket of food personally delivered to the poor. Soon it far or near, there are many people learn their appearance to do. No matter who meet, they would say: "thank you!"
初时感恩节没有固定日期，由各州临时决定，直到美国独立后，感恩节才成为全国性的节日。 每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非常，基督徒按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城市乡镇到处都有化装游行、戏剧表演或体育比赛等。分别了一年的亲人们也会从天南海北归来，一家人团圆，品尝以“火鸡”为主的感恩节美食。
美国当地最著名的庆典则是从1924年开始的梅西百货感恩节游行(Macy‘s thanksgiving day parade)。
每逢感恩节这一天，美国举国上下热闹非凡，人们按照习俗前往教堂做感恩祈祷，城乡市镇到处举行化装游行、戏剧表演和体育比赛等，学校和商店也都按规定放假休息。孩子们还模仿当年印第安人的模样穿上离奇古怪的服装，画上脸谱或戴上面具到街上唱歌、吹喇叭。散居在他乡外地的家人也会回家过节，一家人团团围坐在一起，大嚼美味火鸡，并且对家人说：“谢谢!”。感恩节后，学校会让同学们画一张感恩节的画，大部分学生都画的是火鸡。
同时，好客的美国人也忘不掉这一天邀请好友、单身汉或远离家乡的人共度佳节。从18世纪起，美国就开始出现一种给贫穷人家送一篮子食物的风俗。当时有一群年轻妇女想在一年中选一天专门做善事，认为选定感恩节是最恰当不过的。所以感恩节一到，她们就装上满满一篮食物亲自送到穷人家。这件事远近传闻，不久就有许多人学着她们的样子做起来。不管遇到谁，他们都会说：“thank you!”
篇14：外贸跟单英文面试自我介绍范文
全文共 1565 字
+ 加入清单I am an English graduate of 2007 in Hunan University of Science and Engineering. Throughout my campus life, I have devoted myself with sincerity and motivation to the learning of English language. I have got strict training and grasped the five basic skills of foreign language quite well. As an English major, I have a good command of English in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. Being proud of my fluent oral English, I can express myself precisely. I also possess some certain abilities of translation and interpretation. At the same time, I am very interested in computer and can operate Word, PowerPoint, typesetting and Windows System very well.
During my four years college learning, I have got full training of occupational skills. However, I still pay more attention to improve myself in all aspects. When I was in the university, I participated in the English Association of our college (TEE) actively and was elected the president of TEE and Association Minister of Foreign Language Department, well-praised for my hard-working. I think I have got a lot of strength from this experience, such as the ability of communication, expression, and the attitude towards life and work.
Optimism, calmness, diligence and innovation strive to be my characteristics conscientiously. I’d like to apply for post like manager assistant in corporation which relate to my major. With great confidence, responsibility and enthusiasm, I believe that I can bear heavy burden on my shoulder. Please offer me a chance and I will give a surprise back to you
篇15：新员工入职英文自我介绍
全文共 922 字
+ 加入清单Hello! My name is ANYJOB, from ANYJOB, my personality is bright, honest, easy to get along with people; Likes playing basketball, mountain climbing and running.
I am very happy and honored to join “ANYJOB” this big family, not only gave me a growth to display themselves and exercise good platform, I also have the opportunity to meet more new colleagues, new friends. - take this, I thank you very much for your leadership, thank you can give me a such a good chance.
I first came here, there are many aspects of knowledge need to everybody to learn, but also hope in the later work we can comments!
I believe that through our mutual understanding between each other and understanding, we will not only become a career has gone hand in hand with the struggle comrades, but a life in the same camp, share weal or woe friend.
Finally, I would like to and everybody a for our common cause to try hard to struggle! Thank you!
篇16：小学生英文自我介绍范文
全文共 213 字
+ 加入清单I am a very outgoing girl(boy), I like reading、playing games and listening to music, of course, I also like to make friends with all the people in the school, I hope I will be your best friends in the sckooe life.
篇17：初中学生自我介绍英文
全文共 1155 字
+ 加入清单My name is Pat and Im from Taiwan. Right now, Im a student. I study very hard every day. I like going to school because Im eager to learn. I enjoy learning English. Its my favorite class. I like to make friends and I get along with everyone. This is the introduction I give whenever I meet new people. It tells people a little bit about me and about what I like to do.
我的名字是派特，我来自台湾。我现在是学生。我每天都很用功念书。我喜欢上学，因为我渴望
学习。我喜欢学英文。那是我最喜欢的课程。我喜欢交朋友，而且我和每个人都处得很好。这就是我每次认识新的人时，所作的自我介绍。它可以告诉别人一点关于我的事，还有我喜欢做什么。
Good morning, everyone! My Name is Lu Xin. I am so happy to stand in front of you to introduce myself. I am thirteen years old. I graduated from the No.1 Primary School of our city. I like reading books and playing badminton. I hope we can take exercises after class. Besides, I like watching movies and listening to pop music. I am sure there are some classmates have the common interests with me. Therefore, we can communicate with each other. In primary school, I did well in Chinese but math is not so good. I hope I can make progress in middle school. I am very excited to be a classmate of you and I hope we can make progress and have good days together.
篇18：大学生简单的英文自我介绍
全文共 1111 字
+ 加入清单After completing my military service， I have been looking for a challenging goal for me to achieve. And I found that the Intermediate of General English Proficiency Test fits my new achievement properly.
I graduated from Taipei Commercial Junior College， majored in business administration. Instead of spending much time in playing， I devoted myself to my studies and paid attention to all meaningful things happened in daily life. By the way， I learned a lot from Mr. Wang， the professor of my business class. He is my good friend till now an often gives some appropriate suggestions toward my problem confusion.
My father is， in the same way， a good consultant to me. As he said: I am in poor education， little for you; to clarify， what he have given is far beyond his words， I do think so. I was born in a country of Ping Tung Country， farming is our career of generations. There are four people in my family， Mother is housewife and my brother is a student of an Agriculture College.
I am optimistic and active， and I am confident that I can pass the test. Thank you for your precious to read my autobiography.
篇19：10教师节的由来介绍
全文共 485 字
+ 加入清单教师节，是我国仅有的包括护士节、记者节在内的三个行业性节日。自1931年以来，我国在不同历史时期共有过4种不同日期和性质的教师节。
从前，大概是孔子那个时代吧，就有教师节。最初的时候，每个老师门下都有若干的弟子，这些弟子每年总会相约在师傅的生日那天举行一个简朴而庄重的仪式，用虔敬的心态向师长送去敬仰和祝福。
我国历史上曾建立过教师节。1931年，教育家邰爽秋、程其保等在南京中央大学集会，发表要求“改善教师待遇，保障教师工作和增进教师修养”的宣言，并议定6月6日为教师节，也称双六节。不久，国民党政府先是同意6月6日为教师节，后又将教师节改为8月27日(孔子生日)。建国后，中央人民政府曾恢复6月6日为教师节，教育部通告各地教育工作者，可以根据实际情况自行组织庆祝活动。1951年全国教育工会成立，教育工作者被确认为工人阶级的一部分。1951年4月19日，教育部长和中国教育工会全国委员会主席发表书面谈话，宣布“五一国际劳动节”同时为教师节。但由于这一天缺少教师的特点，执行的结果并不理想。特别是1957年以后，在“左”的思想影响下，教师不受重视，教师节实际上已不再存在。
篇20：介绍故宫的英文
全文共 8212 字
+ 加入清单What strikes one first in a birds -eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years——from1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.
Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.
The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.
The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace. The gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the Five-Phoenix Towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.
Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confucius——benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).
At the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the Hall of Supreme Harmony(4), the Hall of Complete Harmony(5), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(6).
The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the Palace complex. It is also Chinas largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperors birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.
On the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "Golden Throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. The throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. In front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. The dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. The throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. High above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. The utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the Emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. The aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the "Son of the Heaven" in awe and reverence.
The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.
Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. The slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperors sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace. Quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of Beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. To provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.
The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity(7), the Hall of Union(8), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility(9).
The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Palace of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperors death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.
The Palace of Union was the empresss throne room and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.
The Imperial Garden was laid out during the early Ming dynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.
The six Western Palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. The six Eastern Palaces were the residences for them too. But now they serve as special museums: the Museum of Bronze, the Museum of Porcelain and the Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the northeastern-most section of the Inner Palace are the Museum of Traditional Chinese Paintings and the Museum of Jewelry and Treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.
Now the Forbidden City is no longer forbidding, but inviting. A visit to the Palace Museum will enrich the visitors knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient China.