有关亲子关系的英语作文通用两篇 作文高中（优秀20篇）

Every child has pocket money, when they get the money from parents, most of them will buy what they want and spend the money quickly. Parents will give their children pocket money in the certain time, the children can use the money in a wise way. They can take out some money to buy what they need, like the food and clothes, there are still some money left, what should they do to deal with the rest of the money? I advise the children to save the money, they can keep it, and in case of their special need. I will save the money to take a trip in the summer vacation, my parents will agree with my plan, because I take out the money, they have no reason to go against me. Sometimes I will use the saved money to support my emergent situation, so there is no need for them to worry about me.

每个孩子都有零花钱，当父母给钱他们的时候，大部分人会买他们想要的，钱很快就被用完了。父母会在特定的时间给他们的孩子零花钱，孩子可以用更加理智的方式使用钱。他们可以拿出一些钱来买他们需要的，比如食物和衣服，仍然会有一些钱剩下了，他们应该怎么处理剩下的钱呢?我建议孩子们把钱省下来，他们可以存起来，以防特殊的需要。我会把钱省下来，在暑假里去旅游，父母会同意我的计划，因为我出的钱，他们没有理由反对我。有时候我会使用存起来的钱来应对我的紧急情况，这样就不必让父母担心我。

星期和日期写在左上角，天气写在右上角。

日期格式用月日年（美式）或日月年（英式）都可以。

1. 年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：december 18, xx或者dec. 18, xx。

2. 如果要写星期，星期要紧挨日期，它既可以放在日期前面，也可以放在日期后面，星期也可以省略不写。星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。例如：thursday dec. 18, xx或dec.18，xx thursday

3. 天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如:sunny, fine, rainy, snowy等表示。天气通常位于日记的右上角。

下面列出了一篇日记的开头，有兴趣的同学可以回忆一下，再接着往下写。

mon.sept. 1, xx sunny

today is the first day of my senior high school life ...

我们要保护小动物，特别是小鸡这类弱小的动物，因为小鸡早晨可以叫我们起床，可以生一个又一个圆圆的的鸡蛋，还可以提供鸡肉给我们吃。

We need to protect the small animal, especially this kind of small animal chicken, because chicken morning to wake us up, can have a round egg, can also provide for us to eat chicken.

有一次，我和妈妈上菜市场，听见一位老奶奶在喊：“卖鸡了，今天的鸡又肥又嫩!”妈妈说：“今天，我们买一只鸡回家，炖汤喝。”我说：“好吧。”可又想了想：如果我们吃了鸡，那么就吃不到鸡蛋了，就对妈妈说：“不行，吃了鸡就没有鸡蛋吃了。”“傻孩子，你瞎操什么心啊!”妈妈不由分说地把我拉到卖鸡的那边。卖鸡的老奶奶正在杀鸡，只见她拔下鸡脖子上的毛，拿刀用力地在鸡脖子上划了几下。血喷向了四周，鸡挣扎了几下就死了。“太残忍了，我不要吃鸡!”我向妈妈大声的抗议。“好吧，不买了，我们就去买点蔬菜吧。”也许妈妈也觉得残忍，就同意了。

One time, my mother and I heard the food market, an old woman shouted: "chicken, chicken fat and tender today!" Mother said: "today, we bought a chicken soup to drink at home." I said: "OK." But think again: if we eat chicken, so cant eat the egg, the mother said: "no, not eat chicken egg to eat." "Silly boy, what do you care ah!" Mother allowing no explanation to put me into the chicken. The old woman was a chicken, she pulled out the hair on the neck, a knife in the neck with a few strokes under. Blood sprayed around chicken, struggled and died. "So cruel, I dont eat chicken!" I asked my mother loudly protested. "Well, do not buy, we went to buy some vegetables." Maybe mom was cruel, also agreed.

假如我们的生活中没有了动物，世界就会变得很孤独。我们要保护动物，从自身做起：少吃肉类食品，少穿皮衣毛衣;看见别人欺负动物，要勇敢地站出来劝说他们。

If we live without the animal, the world will become very lonely. We must protect the animal, start from their own: eat less meat, less wear fur sweaters; see others bully animal, we should stand up to persuade them.

保护动物，人人有责!

Animal protection, everyones responsibility!

动物是人类的朋友，请大家保护动物吧！保护动物，人人有责！下面就是小编跟大家分享一篇保护动物高中英语作文，欢迎大家阅读！

保护动物高中英语作文一：Protect wild animals

Many animals are in danger of dying out. As is shown in the chart, we can see the number of animal species decreases faster and faster and this trend will continue. From 1980 to 2010, at least 1 million animal species have disappeared. Worse still, more and more wild animals are in great danger. It is not a piece of sensational news; it is a fact, a harsh reality. Unfortunately, we may not see these animals in the near future.

From the second picture, we can find some reasons. Why is the number of animal species declining year by year? Apparently animals have become victims of fashion industry. Animal skin has been used to make fashionable clothes and these clothes sell at a high price. So some greedy people begin to kill animals in a large quantity. This irresponsible behavior not only breaks the balance of nature but also endangers the living environment of human beings.

As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal action. We believe "no buying, no killing". First, we must make concerning laws to protect these animals in danger. Second, we must take some measures to protect animals effectively. Animals are our friends and part of our environment. Third, we should raise peoples awareness to protect animals and our environment. In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development.

保护动物高中英语作文二：Protect animals

I am a student from Xinhua High School in Chongqing，China. Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for animals, I cannot resist my inner excitement,hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals .

In my mind，nothing can delight me so much as caring for animals. Wherever I go and whatever I do, I usually keep in mind that animals are angels from the heaven, which bring us endless comfort and pleasure. I have been a panda lover since my childhood. Panda is so lovely that brings fun to people and they are regarded as the treasure of our country. Unfortunately，such a rare species is now faced with the danger of being extinct。What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for our earth companies.

保护动物高中英语作文三：Animals Need Protecting

Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.

Why should people care? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly.

Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.

保护动物高中英语作文四：Protect animals

Children, you grabbed the small tadpoles right, you must know that tadpole grew up to become small frog, the frog can eat insects, so the frog is our humans good friends. We should protect it, not hurt it. But some hotels are also sold the frog meat? Once, dad and his friends took me to dinner. A waiter said: "you see, this is we store the launch of new specials, stir flogs ball". "Chicken is what ah?" I curiously ask, "chicken is the frog." The waiter said, with a smile. I was very angry, because they hurt our good friends-frog! Another thing, he makes a big inspiration. One day, when I finish school, saw a man at the school gate at little chicks must sell, and I will have mercy on them. Because the little chicks must first came to this world, away from the mother, away from the mother love and mother warm embrace, and this is what they faced starved to death, the risk of freezing to death. At that time I thought: we humans are so happy! When you see here, did you see to protect our human friends-animals!

保护动物高中英语作文五：How tu protect animals

It is known to everyone that the unrestrained slaughter of wild animals has diminished the number of some endangered species. More and more species are being driven to extinction every year. It is terrible to think that magnificent animals are being sacrificed to human vanity

There are already laws enacted to prevent the importation of rare animals and the products made from their flesh, skin and bones.

These laws must be strictly enforced. Violators of these laws must be severely punished .Moreover, the public must be informed about the natural treasures we stand to lose .If we don’t take immediate action, we will be depriving future generations of our most precious heritage.

In Taiwan, because most people do not understand the importance of wildlife, the wildlife is in a poor situation. We Chinese are fond of eating anything delicious, so there are many animals killed by hunters. People enjoy eating tigers, bears, birds, and lions, so there are fewer and fewer birds flying in the sky and fewer and fewer bears running here and there in the forest. Instead, we often see them for sale at the market. How poor they are! And how cruel we are!

In my opinion, we should try every possible way to preserve wildlife. First, no one is allowed to hurt any wild animal. Second, the authorities concerned should punish those who kill any wild animal. Third, we should pay more attention to those endangered species to protect them from being eaten. If we can do so, nature must become very beautiful.

保护动物高中英语作文六：How to protect the animals？

Animals are our friends.But how to protect them? government is working to protect all animals in danger,and has made lots of plans to save animals. On the other hand, we shouldn’t eat wild animals.We should keep them away from our dinner. That way,there will not be wild animals on sale. I think the hunters and killers will become fewer and fewer.

Last, we should protect the environment.We should stop people from cutting trees down. Without trees, wild animals will lose their home. And we will lose our animal friends. All of us should try our best to protect animals.

We need to protect animals better.We should give them fresh water to drink.We should make the forests bigger for animals in danger to live in.We should advice people not to kill animals beacause they are our friends!

Generation gap refers to the misunderstanding between the old and young.

The term came into fashion after the 1980s. However, in recent years, the

phenomenon is getting more and more fierce.

How does generation gap come into being? The first reason is that the two

generations have grown up in different ages, thus they have different attitudes

toward life. Secondly, due to having little in common with each other, they are

unwilling to sit down and talk face to face. Besides, as modern life is so

stressful, both of them are so busy with their study or work that they have not

enough time to exchange their ideas.

To bridge the generation gap is not easy at all, but we can do something to

shorten it. For one thing, children should respect their parents as well as

accept their good advice. For another, parents should not only show their love

and care to the kids, but also support their good life view. As long as the old

and young can understand each other, it would be more harmonious in family and

world.

The Great Wall is famous as the one of the miracles in the history, it attracts the people from all around the world to witness its greatess. But according to the research, the Great Wall is missing gradually, for it suffers the damage from both nature and human being. As the environment is polluted, the acid rain often comes and destroys the buildings in the long run. What’s more, the increasing number of tourists step on the bricks, which will damage the building. More unpolited behaviors have been reported, such as people like to write down some words to remember their trip here, which disfigures the appearance of this great site. When the Great Wall disappears some day, it is the greatest pity, we are no longer have the chance to appreciate its grandness. To save this miracle, we need to behavior ourselves and protect the environment.

长城是历史上一个著名奇迹,它吸引了来自世界各地的人去见证。但根据研究,长城正在逐渐消失,因为受到来自自然和人类造成的损害。随着环境受到污染,经常下酸雨，长期破坏建筑物。而且,越来越多的游客踏在砖上,这会损害建筑。越来越多不礼貌的行为被报道出来,比如人们喜欢写一些词来纪念他们的旅行,这会让长城的外观变形。长城有一天消失了,这是最大的遗憾,我们不再有机会去欣赏它的雄壮。为了拯救这个奇迹,我们需要我们约束,保护环境。

Many people like traveling. They just feel happy when traveling. But not many people will think the meaning of travel. What is the meaning of travel? Actually, one of the meanings is to find happiness. Putting aside all the trouble to enjoy themselves usually makes people happy. There is another important meaning. It is to learn things. To go out for a visit can enlarge people’s vision. People can learn a lot from it. Therefore, sometimes we will find that some people will be different after they return home from travel. It is because they learn the true meaning of travel.

很多人都喜欢旅行。他们就觉得旅行的时候很开心。但并不是很多人会想旅行的意义。旅行的意义是什么呢？实际上，其中一个就是去寻找快乐。抛开所有的烦恼去享受通常都能让人开心起来。还有一个重要的意义。那就是学习。出去走走可以拓宽人们的视野。人们可以从中学到很多东西。所以，有时我们会发现有些人在旅游回来后会变得不太一样。这是因为他们了解了旅行的真谛。

[高中英语作文：旅行的真谛

Dear Friend,

How have you been recently? I miss you very much. Do you still remember

me?

To be honest, Im honored to make friends with you. I still remember the

days when we were together. As far as I know, you are the kindest person in the

world. Once we were together, you always treated me as if I were your dear

brother, so I was grateful to you in my heart. After you leaving, I always

thought of you. Next time we have a chance to see each other, I will say "thank

you" to you. Thank you for your kindness. Now I have got the meaning of my

life.

Although we are in two different places now, we are still together, because

we are always heart to heart. I believe we can see each other again. Since we

are always close friends as well as dear brothers. Because of you, my life is

always so significant. Wherever I am, I will pray good luck for you.

Last but not the least, I hope you can make it and have a bright

future.

Sincerely yours,

Jason

This year is the 66th anniversary of the founding of new China! On October 1st， our whole family sit by the TV and waiting to watch early time big parade。

At ten o clock， the National Day military parade formally started， only saw many soldiers standing in front of tiananmen， navy， air force， army。。。 Stand straight， straight， like hits the forceful pine， President hus review。 The parade shows the motherland strong defense force， peaceful country and safe people， the motherland prosperity of beautiful landscape。

During the National Day， grandpa and I went to play in the humble administrators garden。 The car on the road， I saw the window renmin bridge garlands made of flowers on both sides， in the sunshine more bright beautiful， make the atmosphere of the National Day more strong! Walk in the small street to the humble administrators garden，Www. ZixueKaoShi .neT see stalls on both sides of the street with a red flag with five stars， to express the affection to the motherland。 Many foreign visitors to see the beautiful scenery heartfelt held out a thumb。 In the humble administrators garden is the chrysanthemum， chrysanthemum can be more color， yellow， red， white， colorful， beautiful!

The National Day make me deeper understanding of the motherland; A profound feelings for the motherland also; Make me more love my motherland China!

中文翻译：

今年是新中国成立66周年!十月一日这天，我们全家早早的坐在电视机旁等待观看盛世大阅兵。

十点钟，国庆阅兵式正式开始了，只看见许多军人站在天安门前，有海军、空军、陆军……都站得笔直笔直的，像一棵棵挺拔的青松，接受胡锦涛同志的检阅。整个阅兵式展示了祖国雄厚的国防力量，国泰民安，祖国繁荣昌盛的美好景象。

国庆期间，我和爷爷去了拙政园玩。汽车在路上行驶着，我看见窗外人民桥两旁用鲜花做成的花环，在阳光下更加亮丽，使国庆的气氛更加浓厚了!走在通往拙政园的那条小街上，看到街的两旁的摊位都插着五星红旗，表达对祖国的深厚感情。许多外来游客看见了这么美的景色由衷的伸出了大拇指。拙政园里有菊花，菊花的颜色可多了，有黄色的、红的、白的，五彩缤纷的，美丽极了!

国庆节使我对祖国的了解更深了，对祖国的感情也更深厚了，使我更加热爱我的祖国中国!

Cellphones are becoming more and more popular among the middle school students at present.About that,people have different opinions.

目前，手机在中学生中变得越来越普遍。关于这个问题，人们有不同的看法。

Some think it is good for students to bring a cellphone because its more convenient to contact to each other.But othersdo not think so.They think it is bad for students to bring acellphone.Because the students will use mobile phones to play games,sent text messages,watch movies and so on,which will do harm to their study.Andthe teacher and students would be disturbed if cellphone ring during the class time.

有的人认为携带手机对学生有好处，因为这更便于他们相互联系。但是其他人不这么认为。他们认为携带手机对学生有害。因为学生会用手机玩游戏，发短信，看电影等等，这对他们的学习是有害的。而且，如果上课的时候手机响会打扰到老师和同学。

In my opinion,bringing cellphones to school is not a bad thing if we make the best use of it.As we all know,a cellphone is one of the quickest tools for us to exchange information in 21st century.Ifthere’s

an accident,itsmore convenient to dial for help immediately.Whats more,we can use cellphones for relaxing ourselves a little bit when were tired of studies.In my mind,its not wrong to follow the cellphone fashion,but the most important thing is to know how to use them in a right way.

我认为，如果我们合理利用它，带手机到学校并不见得是件坏事。我们都知道，在21世纪手机是我们交流信息最快捷的工具。如果发生事故，手机更方便我们立即拨打电话求助。另外，当我们学习觉得累的时候可以用手机来给稍微放松一下。在我看来，跟随手机时尚并没有错，但是最重要的是懂得正确使用它们。

Taiwan is part of our country. It is the largest island in China. It has an area of about 36,000 square kilometers and a population of over 20 million. It is separated from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait. On the island the climate is mild and the resources are very rich.

Many, many centuries ago there were the Chinese who lived and worked in Taiwan. In the 17th ccntury the Dutch invaded Taiwan. In 1661 an army under Zheng Chenggong drove out the Dutch.

[高中英语作文介绍台湾

I study in a high school, the school is far away from my home, so I have to live in the school.

The first day I came to the school, the headmaster led me to a dormitory, he said I would have three roommates.

I was the first one to come, so I waited a minute to meet my roommates.

At last, I saw them, they are from different places, I learned how to get along with them. Li Hua loves music so much, he can play guitar, we hear him play guitar when we don’t have class.

Wang Hai is into reading all kinds of novels, sometimes he will read a novel the whole night. Su Kai likes playing basketball, he watches all the news about NBA.

While I like playing tennis, though we have different hobby, we share our happy and sorrow, the difference makes our life colorful.

我在一所高中上学，学校离家里很远，所以我要在学校住。我第一天来到学校的时候，班长把我领带一件宿舍里，说我将会有三个室友。

我是第一个来到的，所以我等了下才见到室友。最后，我见到了他们，他们来自不同的地方，我学着如何与他们相处。

李华很喜欢音乐，他会弹吉他，当我们没有课的时候，就听他弹吉他。王海喜欢读各种小说，有时候他会一整夜都看小说。苏凯喜欢打篮球，他看所有关于NBA的新闻。然而我喜欢打网球，虽然我们有不同的兴趣爱好，但是我们分享喜怒和哀乐，差异让我们的生活变得多彩。

[高中英语作文：我的室友

As temperatures continue to drop in Northern China, many winter holiday resorts in the Jilin Province are seeing booming business.

At the Chagan Lake, people are skiing, skating and motor racing on the frozen terrain. The lake is located near the city of Songyuan. Meanwhile, in the city of Siping, the 4th Ice and Snow Tourism Festival is in full swing at the Yehe royal ski resort. Brave skiiers speed down the mountain, adding quite a bit of excitement to the atmosphere.

In Tonghua, thousands of tourists flocked to the Qianye Scenic Resort for some skiing, skating, and sleigh riding. The resort has seen a peak in numbers over the past weekend and more winter sports lovers are expected to arrive in the coming weeks.

The city of Yanji in eastern Jilin is also a hot destination for skiers. The Mengdu ski resort welcomes over 2000 skiers a day. The Jilin province has long been a popular tourist destination, especially for lovers of winter sports, and with the addition of more resorts and parks, the number of tourists is only expected to rise in the coming years.

When my friends ask me to take pictures of them, they will take a lot of pictures and then only keep a few of them.

Because they are not satisfied with most pictures, they think they are not perfect.

Actually, when I look at the pictures, there is nothing serious in my eyes, everyone in the pictures look as they are.

People chase for the perfect side, that’s why more and more people choose to have the plastic surgery.

Take the celebrities for example, they look beautiful enough, but to make themselves look perfect, most of them take the plastic surgery, which makes them look unnatural. People have to cost the great price for chasing the perfect side, while no one is perfect.

If we accept our imperfect side, we will live in the easy way and can enjoy the life.

当我的朋友们叫我帮拍照的时候，他们会拍很多照片，然而只有少部分照片能保存下来。因为他们不满意大部分的照片，觉得自己看起来不完美。实际上，当我看到照片的时候，在我看来没有什么大问题，照片中的每个人看起来都像他们自己的样子。人们追求完美的一面，这也是为什么越来越多的人选择去进行整容手术。就拿名人来说，他们看起来足够漂亮，但是为了让自己看起来完美，大部分人进行了整容手术，这让他们看起来不自然。为了追求完美，人们不得不付出很大的代价，然而没有人是完美的。如果我们接受自己不完美的方面，那么我们就会过得轻松点，享受好生活。

[高中英语作文：接纳不完美的一面

The spring festival is Chinese most traditional festival every 365 days.

Each Chinese pay much attention on it. Every year about 15 days before spring

festival， the migrate works and white-collars are beginning crowded

home-returning.

But， in recent years， with the development of the world， many different

attitudes between the young and the old towards the spring festival come forth.

The old are still pay more attention to the spring festival， but the young

gradually change the mode to spend their spring festival holiday， such as travel

overseas.

When I am a childhood， I celebrated the spring festival with my family

about a month in my winter vacation in traditional way， such as helping cleaning

our houses， putting red couplets on gates， setting off firecrackers， and wear

new clothes. Now， I spend only 4 or 5 days at home with my parents in

celebrating the spring festival， then I will hurry back to work. Maybe in the

near future， I will have no time celebrating spring festival hometown， and my

parents have to come to stay with us in the city.

Whether or no， I like the spring festival. It is one of the most important

part of our Chinese culture. However busy I am， I will try my best to

celebrating it with the traditional way to protect those our ancestor has leave

behind.

In the past two years, my parents took me to travel to many places,

including big cities, small towns, famous mountians and so on. Therefore, I like

traveling and I hope I can visit to many more places. Since then, I hope I can

be a tour guide in the future, so I can travel to many tourist attractions.

Besides, I can meet various people and I think communicating with different

people is interesting, wchich can broaden my field of vision. I hope they can

share their life stories with me so that I can know the general life of a place.

I know it would be a challenging job, but I believe I can do well in my job.

As a Senior Grade Three students, I am very busy in preparing for the college entrance examination. I have seven classes a day, and two self-study classes at night. And only a day left for the weekend. So, most of the time I have to spend on the study, after all the college entrance examination is very important for almost all of us. Aside of study, I would play football with my friends after school and the weekend. I like playing football very much. When I run on the football field, I can put the examination thing off my mind for a while, only sweat and laugh left. It is a good exercise for health and a good way to relax from the busy study too. This is my high school life, busy and fulfilling.

作为一个高三的学生，我忙于为高考做准备。我一天有7节课，还有两节晚自习。周末只剩下一天。所以，我把大部分时间都花在学习上，毕竟高考对我们大多数人来说都十分重要。除了学习，我会在放学后以及周末跟我的朋友一起踢足球。我非常喜欢踢足球。当我在足球场上奔跑的时候，我可以暂时将考试的事情抛之脑后，只剩下汗水和欢笑。这对健康是个很好的锻炼，也是一个学习之余很好的放松方式。这就是我的高中生活，忙碌而充实。

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

In China, people treat the family as a very important union, families get

together now and then, even the kids get married, they still treat their parents

in the first place. So the family means so much to everyone, family has great

influence on them. When the family gets on well, people can focus their mind to

work, they don’t need to worry about other issues. It is reported that the

people live in a harmonious environment are more easy to get succeed, which

reflects the importance of the family. While people who live in a unharmonious

family are easily distracted from work, because besides the work issues, they

also have family annoyance. So the family is very important, we should keep in

touch with family members often, even though we are busy, we should go home

often, never let the work occupancies you.

Currently, some cities are considering a food ban on subways, which has sparked heated discussion. Some people say food should be banned because of the trash and rats they attract. And, garbage from discarded food can cause track fires. Beyond sanitary and mechanical concerns, food can also cause fights, as was discovered last week by one passenger who criticized a woman eating steamed stuffed bun on the subway.

However, some others are opposed to the idea. They argue that people like eating in the train in the morning because they dont have enough time to eat at their houses or restaurants. Sometimes that may be the only time or meal a transit rider may be able to eat especially when traveling long distances. Besides, there are people, for example diabetics, who do require food at various times to maintain blood-sugar levels.

Personally, Im against the ban because of the huge inconvenience it would cause to commuters, and the expense involved in enforcing it. Still, I believe we should have a little common courtesy. I think we all have responsibility to try to treat our subway system and fellow riders with respect, and that extends to food as well.

In high school, Chinese students study very hard to fight for the future

college, while in western countries, students are spending time in taking all

kinds of activities. Though students from different countries have different

ways to spend high school time, they make the decision and take charge of their

life. This is the best age to learn knowledge, their brain can remember words

and numbers quickly. For making friends, they will probably meet their lifetime

friends. During three years, besides gaining knowledge and making friends, they

grow so fast, not only in body, but also in mind. Being independent is the main

feature. They can make a lot of decisions without asking parents for help. When

they are equipped themselves with basic skill, then they can better get used to

the new environment, which is important for future life.