高考在即高中英语作文【最新20篇】

今年全国新课标I卷高考(课程)英语作文的题目为：

假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿。

要点如下：

1、栏目介绍;

2、稿件内容

3、稿件长度：约400字

4、交稿日期：6月28日前

【参考范文】

Dear Peter,

How are you doing? (问候)Recently, our school newspaper will started a column about western life and culture in order to cultivate our interests, broaden our horizons and enrich our afterschool life.(写信背景+白银裤衩+八大万能利) As a result, I am writing to ask you to write an article on it. (写信目的)

Here are some details about it. (经典主题句)To begin with, you may talk about your life in your middle school, so that we Chinese students can know more about you. (简单句+白银裤衩)Besides, you can introduce a western festival, such as the Christmas Day, the New Year or the Thanksgiving Day, which must be not only meaningful but also interesting. (简单句+平行并列结构+白银裤衩+八大万能利)What’s more, your article should be at least 400 words.(简单句，不用升级，以便“长短结合”) Finally, I hope you would be so kind as to send it to be before June 28th, so that it can be published in time. (求助信套话+白银裤衩)

Hopefully, you could do me the favor.(六大结尾句之一) I have the confidence that everyone will like your article. (六大结尾句之二)Thanks for reading my letter in such a hot summer.(书信必备结尾句) I’m looking forward to your reply and your article.(书信必备结尾句)

Best wishes,

Yours,

LiHua

近年来我国相继发生“三聚氰胺奶粉”、“瘦肉精”、“地沟油”、“染色馒头”等恶性食品安全事件。下面是一幅反映这一现象的漫画，请你根据对这幅漫画的理解用英语写一篇短文。你的短文应包括以下内容：

1. 简述漫画内容，揭示漫画主题。

2. 分析产生这一现象的原因。

3. 针对如何解决这一问题提出你的建议。

注意：

1. 可参照图示及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象。

2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

参考范文：

One possible version:

In recent years, a series of food safety incidents, such as melamine-tainted milk, lean meat powder, the dyed steamed buns, etc, have appeared across our country. As is vividly shown in the picture, the young wife is cooking. She is asking her husband whether he has finished checking the vegetables, and her husband answers that he needs one more step. This cartoon vividly illustrates how worried ordinary people are about food safety situation in China.

Several reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Firstly, people are too concerned about making quick money and short-term success during this period of economic and social transition. Secondly, ineffective supervision is also to blame. Some food inspectors make profits from the fines of illegal companies and therefore are unwilling to shut them down.

I firmly believe that urgent measures must be taken to prevent similar cases from happening again. First of all, the authorities concerned should step up their efforts to ensure food safety and severely punish those who break the Food Safety Law. Meanwhile, we must strengthen education of social morality to make sure that companies shoulder more social responsibilities and take consumers’ interests and health into account. Only in these ways can we set up a sound food safety system.

[高中英语优秀作文：食品安全

I recall my study experiences. Sometimes I studied with my classmates, but sometimes I prefer to study alone. In my opinion, learning collaboratively can help us to improve our ability of communication. At the same time, it can give us a stage where we can exchange our thoughts with each other. In addition, through learning collaboratively we can get more chance to know our classmates. But there are some disadvantages. For example, during the time of study, we may not study but talk with our classmates.

回想起我的学习经历。有时候我会和我的同学一起学习，但有时候我喜欢一个人学习。在我看来，集体学习能帮助我们提高我们的交际能力。同时，也可以给我们一个互相交流想法的舞台。此外，通过集体学习可以获得了解同学的机会。但也会有一些缺点。例如，学习的时候，我们可能会和同学聊天而不是学习。

As a matter of fact, learning individually also has some advantages. Firstly, if we study alone, we will think about something by ourselves. It can help us to improve our ability of thinking by ourselves. And learning individually is good for our creation.

事实上，一个人学习也是有好处的。首先，如果我们单独学习，有些东西我们就得自己思考。这可以帮助我们提高我们的思维能力。而且，单独学习有助于我们的创造力。

As learning individually has some advantages and learning collaboratively also has some advantages, so I think we should use a combination of both.

单独学习有一定的优势，而集体学习也有很多的优点，所以我认为我们应该利用两者的结合。

[高中英语作文：单独学习还是集体学习

Currently, some cities are considering a food ban on subways, which has sparked heated discussion. Some people say food should be banned because of the trash and rats they attract. And, garbage from discarded food can cause track fires. Beyond sanitary and mechanical concerns, food can also cause fights, as was discovered last week by one passenger who criticized a woman eating steamed stuffed bun on the subway.

However, some others are opposed to the idea. They argue that people like eating in the train in the morning because they dont have enough time to eat at their houses or restaurants. Sometimes that may be the only time or meal a transit rider may be able to eat especially when traveling long distances. Besides, there are people, for example diabetics, who do require food at various times to maintain blood-sugar levels.

Personally, Im against the ban because of the huge inconvenience it would cause to commuters, and the expense involved in enforcing it. Still, I believe we should have a little common courtesy. I think we all have responsibility to try to treat our subway system and fellow riders with respect, and that extends to food as well.

Confidence is essential for everyone. Onlyestablishing confidence can we accomplish our goal. Nevertheless, many peopleespecially teenagers are lack of confidence. What a serious problem! How todevelop confidence?

自信对于每个人都是必不可少的。只有建立自信，我们才能实现我们的目标。然而，许多人缺乏自信尤其是青少年。多么严重的问题啊！如何培养自信呢？

First of all, we should aware of our own advantages. Though nobody is perfect, we can be proud of ownadvantages. In this way, we can adapt the pressure of contemporary society.Secondly, we are supposed to give ourselves asmile face. Its necessary to remember that not tire of life and look down onourselves. Facing a mirror to smile, maybe we will feel confident. Finally, we shouldnt be afraid of failureand challenges. On the contrary, we should raise our courage to overcome theseproblems.

首先，我们应该意识到我们自身的优势。虽然没有人是完美的，但是我们可以以自己的优势而感到自豪。这样，我们才能够适应当代社会带来的压力。其次，我们应该给自己一个微笑。要记住，不要对生活感到厌烦并看不起自己。对着镜子笑，也许我们会感到自信。最后，我们不应该害怕失败和挑战。相反，我们应该有勇气去克服这些问题。

In a word, as a saying says,” Make the mostof yourself, for that is all there is of you. "Confidence for us is anindispensable part of our life.

总之，正如谚语所说的，“做最好的自己，因为那些都是你的。”自信是我们生活中不可缺少的一部分。

[高中英语作文：自信心

In recent years, a new type of online shopping is rapidly gaining popularity — group purchasing, which was originally introduced from foreign countries but is now widely accepted all over China. People can buy not only goods, but also all kinds of services on group purchasing sites.

Group purchasing is very convenient, and saves people a lot of money. But it also has some problems. Since group purchasing is nothing more than another form of online shopping, the nature of it is no different from other online shopping patterns. Problems that exist in online shopping also can be found in group purchasing, like deceptive advertisements or poor after-sale services.

In my opinion, we should treat group purchasing as a way of shopping and nothing more. We must be careful not to buy something we don’t need only to follow the fashion.

【提要】高考英语作文 : 2017年高考英语作文写作模板：图画类写作模板

图画类写作模板

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...

主语+谓语+介词+宾语

We all agreed on the terms.

He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.

All these things are to be answered for.

主语+系动词+形容词

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.

He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.

Your explanation sounds reasonable.

主语+谓语+直接宾语

I want your promise.

Have your fixed my watch?

This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

He paid me a visit yesterday.

He owed me 50 yuan.

He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (to do)

I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.

I didn’t mean to hurt you.

He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do)

I often hear her sing the song.

The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.

Don’t forget to have him come.

主语+谓语+现在分词

I heard her singing in the next room.

We could feel our heats beating fast.

Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?

主语+谓语+过去分词

I must have my watch repaired.

We must get he task finished on time.

Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.

主语+谓语+宾语(动名词)

I suggested putting off the meeting.

They all avoided mentioning the matter.

We can’t help laughing at the news.

主语+谓语+宾语(不定式)

I can’t afford to buy such a large house.

Don’t pretend to know what you don’t.

He feared to speak in her presence.

主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语

Nothing can prevent us from going forward.

Thank you for your help.

He demanded an answer from me.

练习写好句子的方法一：合并句子

It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers.

Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden.

A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide.

A pretty girl was crossing a wide road.

导语：忙绿的高考已经结束了，全国各地高考英语满分作文也相继出来了，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括：

1.主题：环境保护;

2.展览时间;

3.投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

范文：Dear Peter,

Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last three weeks. Any students who is interested in welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that themethe last time you visitedour school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, youcan send your photos to .

Hope to hear from you soon.

Yours

Lihua

【参考译文】

我们学校摄影俱乐部将举办国际高中学生摄影展。主题的展示是环保。它将从6月15日开始，持续三周。有兴趣的学生参加。我知道你拍了好的照片，你总是想做一些环保的事。我记得你告诉我，你上一次主题的一些照片visitedour学校。这无疑是一个很好的机会让更多的人看到他们。如果你想加入，你可以发送你的照片。

希望不久能收到你的来信。

导语：有了友谊，生活幸福和谐。没有友谊，生活充满敌意和不幸。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

请根据以下的提示，并结合自己的交友经历，表达你对朋友的理解。

Without friends, life is not worth living. But what kind of person can be accepted as friend? Lots of people are classmates and arent friends. Lots of people are lovers but arent friends. You can appreciate or admire someone, but that doesnt make them a friend. If their attitude is "for better or worse," if they stick with you through thick and thin, thats when you can tell its friendship.

The term, friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a partner, a playmate, a brother, etc. As life is full of obstacles and conflicts, we need friends to give us supports to get through tough times, we also need friends to give us warnings to go against danger. True friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow and difficulties.

With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate. I have friends in the rank and file. Some are rich and in power. Some are low and common. Some are like myself, working as an ordinary teacher, reading and writing and content with the simple life. To many of my friends, I know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, I will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends. I will not be cold and indifferent to the poor friends and will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.

【参考译文】

没有朋友，生活就不值得活。但是什么样的人可以被接纳为朋友呢?很多人都是同学而不是朋友。很多人都是恋人，但不是朋友。你可以欣赏或欣赏某人，但这并不能使他们成为朋友。如果他们的态度是“好或坏”，如果他们坚持你通过厚和薄，那时候你可以告诉它的友谊。

这个词，朋友，涵盖了广泛的意义。它可以是一个点头之交，一个同志，一个伙伴，一个玩伴，一个兄弟等。生活充满了障碍和冲突，我们需要朋友给我们支持，以渡过艰难时期，我们还需要朋友给我们警告，以抵御危险。真正的朋友不仅分享快乐，而且经常分享悲伤和困难。

有了友谊，生活幸福和谐。没有友谊，生活充满敌意和不幸。我有朋友的职级和文件。有些人富有而有权力。一些低和共同。有些人和我一样，作为一个普通的老师，阅读和写作，满足简单的生活。对于我的许多朋友，我知道该珍惜什么，容忍什么，分享什么，我永远不会忘记我的老朋友和结交新朋友。我不会对冷漠的朋友冷漠冷漠，会关心他们，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。

I have busy weekend.In Satday morning,I’m read books and do myhowewoke.In aftenoon,I’m lean my room.In evening,I’m watch TV and movies.In Sunday morning,I’m play basketbaal with my good fiend .

We are very happy.In aftenoon,I’m go to marketpiace buy some food.In evening,I’m go to concert.

This weekend,I’m very tird ,but I’m enjoy onerselees

Life is each person s wealth, because the world with life and colorful, full of vigour, let us love and cherish own life, seize every minute of life. Life is short, be gone for ever, human life is fleeting, time can not be reversed, we can only in a limited life infinite brilliance.

That day, my good friend clay came to my house to play, my mother know, immediately do a lot of delicious to clay. When we have fun when, suddenly, clay fainted. Mom saw mud, immediately sent to hospital. After the doctor s detailed inspection, the final judgment is had leukemia. Doctor for my mother said: oh! The child to live no longer than four months, if you come a little earlier treatment, it is no big deal. But now... Alas! Mother pale, said to the doctor: doctor, do not save? The doctor reluctantly shook his head. At that moment, I have tears in eyes is the best, but couldn t flow down. I think: why the event would fall in my good friend why, why! My mother said to me: my daughter, you don t cry. We don t know if that mud, mud know she will be very sad, you promised mom don t tell clay, okay? I cried and said: Mom and I promise you, I will not tell her.

We came to the clay ward, pretending to be happy. For I in the four months to make clay can happy every day, make clay in full every day, I spend a lot of time. But time always flies so fast, I am very sad, because I know the clay have not much time.

[热爱生命高中生英语作文

We havebeen told when we were a little child that we help others as they are in need. Weoften do as what we were told in the childhood, but when we grow up nowadays weare not dare to help others.

Because the society becomes more and complicated. Thereare some people will make traps for the kind people.

For example, you see anold lady falling on the ground and you would like to help her. However, you maybe charged for pushing her down and ask you to give money for seeing a doctor. Yeah,this things often happen.

But helping others is the traditional for ourChinese, we should carry it out on any condition. Helping others will not onlyhelp other people but also help yourself.

You will feel happy and satisfy whenassisting others. So please give a hand to the people in need carefully.

我们在很小的时候就被告知要帮助那些需要帮助的人。

我们小的时候经常就像被告知的那样做，但当我们长大了，我们却不敢去帮助别人了。

因为社会变得更复杂了。有一些人会对善良的人设陷阱。例如，你看到一个老太太倒在地上，你想帮她。

但是，她可能会说是你把她推到的并让你赔偿医药费。是的，这种事情经常发生。但帮助他人是我们中国的传统，不管在任何情况下我们都要发扬光大。帮助别人不仅可以帮助别人也是帮助自己。在帮助他人时你会感到快乐和满足。所以请小心的帮助需要帮助的人。

[高中英语作文：帮助别人

我有个姐姐。她的名字叫胡丹。20岁，是一名高中生。

她有一张圆脸，两只明亮的大眼睛和一个小鼻子。她的头发很长.她最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。最喜欢的运动是网球。春天里她经常和我打网球。

她擅长画画。她画的画很美。我喜欢看她画画。

她很和善、友好，喜欢助人为乐，因此她有很多好朋友。

这就是我姐姐。我非常喜欢她。

i have a sister. her name is hu dan. she is twenty years. she is a high school student.

she has a round face, two big , bright eyes and a small nose. her hair is long. her favourite colour is blue. her favourite sport is tennis. in spring,she often plays tennis with me.

she is good at drawing. her drawings are very nice. i like watching her draw pictures.

she is kind and friendly. she is always ready to help others,so she has many good friends.

this is my sister. i like her very much.

Nowadays university graduates have different job outlooks. For most of them, to find a job with satisfactory pay is their most important wish while majority want to be self – employed. However, a certain number of graduates are not in a hurry to hunt for jobs. They are just waiting for better chances. Toward this point of view, some experts warn that it is not wise to be just waiting. They advise that graduates should find a regular, full-time job as quickly as possible so that they can earn money to support themselves and get working experience, which will help to find a better position later. Moreover, it might be more difficult to find a satisfactory job next year.

如今大学毕业生的就业前景不同。对于大部分孩子来说，要找到一个令人满意的支付工作是他们最重要的希望，而多数是希望能够自我 - 就业。但是，一定数量的毕业生不急于寻找就业机会。他们只是在等待更好的机会。对这一观点，一些专家警告说，只是等待这是不明智的。他们提醒毕业生应该找到一个正规，全职工作，以便尽可能快的挣钱来养活自己和获得工作经验，这将有助于找到更好的更高的位置。此外，明年可能更难找到一个称心如意的工作。

When I was alittle child, I had many dreams. I wanted to be rich, so that I can live in abig and beautiful house. I can go everywhere by car. But now, my dream seems tobe better and more realistic. I hope I can have a good job. It will not takemuch of my time, although I can’t earn much. Every year, I have holidays totravel. Traveling is my favorite and it can reduce my pressure. It’s good formy life. Therefore, I hope traveling can be a part of my future life.

当我还是个小孩的时候，我有很多梦想。我想变得富裕，这样我就可以住在漂亮的大房子里，可以驾车到每个地方。但是，现在我的梦想似乎更好更现实了。我希望我能够拥有一份好工作，尽管我不能赚很多钱，但是它不会占用我太多时间，每年有假期去旅游。旅游是我的爱好，它可以减轻我的压力，对我的生活有好处。因此，我希望旅游可以成为我将来生活的一部分。

The first day, the first lunar month is the traditional festival "Spring Festival". In the morning, at first light, I was woken up "crackling" firecrackers. This suggests that the first day has arrived!

I quickly wear good clothes and ran out of the door. Ah, the college, a lively scene: adults are put all kinds of firecrackers, artillery, salute, and so on, in the courtyard become ocean cannon. Children also have a place, all together, put up a rotating cannon, of green, red, yellow, and accompanied by into "bursts" bursts of sound, some kids a little scared, put up a spray firecrackers. See here, my hand was itchy, hurried back to take off firecrackers...

At home, the family is in the package dumplings, the whole family harmony, happiness, what a warm family!

On this day, I had a happy, New Years eve, our family is a lot of joy!

On New Years eve, at 8 o clock came, also began in the Spring Festival gala. Watching the funny comedy, listening to beautiful songs, after our family of eight people, clap your hands, laughing. Ah! How I wish our family every day! Im looking forward to Chinese New Year, Im looking forward to the Spring Festival!

The Spring Festival, I grew up a year old, I think, after grow up one year old this year I should work harder, more filial to parents. I will do it, I will do it! I will not let parents disappointed.

Finally, I wish you all a happy every day, every day

正月初一，是我国的传统节日“春节”。早晨，天刚亮，我就被“噼噼啪啪”的鞭炮声吵醒了。这预示着，正月初一已经到了!

我急忙穿好了衣服，跑出了房门。呵，院里一片热闹的景象：大人们正在放各种各样的鞭炮、大炮、礼炮等等，院子里成了炮的海洋。小孩子们也有一席之地，大家聚在一起，放起了旋转炮，还伴有隐隐约约的绿色、红色、黄色和“哧哧”的响声，有些小孩子有点害怕，就放起了喷花炮。看到这里，我的手痒痒了，急忙回去拿鞭炮……

回到家，家里人都在包饺子，全家人和谐、幸福，多么温暖的一家人!

这一天，我过得很快乐，除夕之夜，我们家更是欢乐多多!

除夕之夜，8点来了，春节联欢晚会也开始了。看着一个个搞笑的小品，听着一首首动听的歌曲，我们全家八口人，一边拍手，一边笑。啊!我多么希望我们家天天都这样!我好期盼过年，我好期盼过春节呀!

过春节了，我长大一岁，我觉得今年长大一岁后，我应该更加努力学习，更加孝敬父母。我一定会做到的，我一定会做到的!我不会让父母失望。

最后，祝大家天天快乐，天天如意

In my opinion, the movie “ the pursuit of happyness “ is a meaningful film,

the hero of the movie is an active man. Though his life was very hard, his wife

left because of the situation of their family.His work was also unfortunate. He

never gave up and still work hard.Then he took care of his little son. He is

going after happiness all the time, so his life is running . Time is very

importmant to him, he must finish his task on time , or he wouldnt live a

steady life , he has to pay the rent and taxes and so on, but he insist on

taking every chance to make his life live better and he believe in himself.

Finally, he succeed , his part of life in the movie is moving and real.

I also like the song in the movie very much, it says “ the mountains have

high places and low places ……”

Everyone has a dream, if you work as hard as the hero of the movie , your

dream will come ture, so I will learn from the hero ---Chris Gardner.

And I believe my dream isn’t far away!

Its Sunday today. I got up early and did my homework on the table. All of a

sudden I remembered the mothers day, a picture of my mind, remembering a past

thing that moved me.

Thats the case. After coming home from school that afternoon, my mother came

back. I found that my mother was very tired, his eyes were squinting, and I

yawned. So she sent me to do my homework at home. But I felt very sad to see my

mother working so hard, so I decided to share the housework for my mother. I

began to pick up the stuff in my home, first fold the newspaper, and then the

glass was cleaned.

I put the glass on the pot filled with water, and then picked up the cloth, a

brush up. I found a little dirty in a cup, and I took some detergent to wash it.

Suddenly, the cup from the hand slipped, piercing sound startled me. I hastened

to pick up the pieces of glass on the floor. At this time, I found that my

mother was standing in front of me, and she said, "dont pick up the pieces with

your hands. Let me come." I stood up and bowed my head embarrassed and said,

"Im sorry, mom, Im too careless." I thought: this must be closed. Mother

walked over and touched my head and said, "kid, dont frighten you?" Let mommy

pack up, you go out and watch TV. " Mothers words are very gentle, but make me

more difficult, unwittingly I cry.

Looking back on this, I felt very warm. It told me that maternal love is

selfless and great, and I want to repay my mother on Mothers day.

婉拒邀请的信 A letter of refusing an invitation

A letter of refusing an invitation

The number 25 Middle school, Beijing June 10th Nanjing University, NanJing.

Dear Mr Smith,

I am very thankful to you for inviting me to go and stay with you in Nanjing. I often hear that Nanjing is a beautiful city and I have been a long to see you again so that I can get more help from you in my English study. But Im afraid I cant go this coming summer vacation.My grandmother who lives in the country has asked me again and again to go and spend the vacation together with her. She misses me so much that I have no choice but to obey her. I am busy preparing for my college entrance examinations all these days and now I felt quite sure of myself. Just wait for the second news of my success. I wish I could go and see you and Tom at the end of this year. With best wishes to both you and Tom.

Yours sincerely

LiHua.

婉拒邀请的信

25中学，北京六月十日南京大学，南京。

亲爱的史密斯先生，

我非常感谢你邀请我和你一起去南京。我常听说南京是一个美丽的城市，我很早就看到了你，所以我可以从你的英语学习中得到更多的帮助。但我担心我不能去这个暑假。我的祖母在乡下住了一次又一次的要求我去和她一起度过假期。她很想念我，我别无选择，只能服从她。这几天我都在忙着准备高考，现在我觉得自己很肯定。只是等待我成功的另一个消息。我希望我可以在今年年底看到你和汤姆。祝你和汤姆。

你真诚

李华。

【示例一】

①Nowadays, a heated debate about ________(主题)is under way in China. ②A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless)it is. ③As a matter of fact, ________(进一步说明).

【示例二】

①While the rhythm/pace/tempo of people’s living is speeding up, one of the topics many city residents are discussing is ________(主题). ②As part of domestic modernization, ________ needs to be developed urgently in china, for ________(进一步说明).