我的高中生活英语作文范文(精品20篇)

living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages. it is often easier to find work. there are always many choices of public transport. besides, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, go to cinemas and go to parks whenever you want to relax. however, living in a city is often very expensive. you must find a well-paid job, otherwise, you will not be able to afford the things you will do. whats more, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty. it is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside.

Time travel, I came to the future world of the 24th century, and saw the new life of human future.

Is the future house mobile or free to live in. There are not many furniture and electric appliances, but they have complete functions. The air conditioner is gone. The room is warm in winter and cool in summer. It turns out that people store the hot air in summer for use in winter, and store the cold air in winter for use in summer. There is no lampblack machine in the kitchen, because the new cooking oil will not produce lampblack to pollute the environment. There is no lamp. Advanced lighting materials are shrunk into small particles. You can put them into environmental protection paint and paint them on the wall. When the light is dark, the wall will produce light. People can adjust the brightness manually. The TV no longer needs remote control switch. As long as you say "on", it will start to play, and can provide different programs for different people at any time. It really becomes "Green TV". Children can watch healthy programs.

In the future, the worlds cars will be very environmentally friendly. They will all become solar powered cars. The exhaust emissions will still be beneficial to human life. Cars can be changed into various forms, driving on land, sailing on the sea, flying in the sky. In this way, it is much more convenient for people to travel.

How environmentally friendly and comfortable life will be in the future!

生命的历程对于我来说还不能算长，也就没有多少历史值得回顾。但在我这些年的人生经历中，除了孩提时代，其余的时间都在和书打交道，也就是一直在读书。

因为学的是师范专业，毕业后又分到学校教书，于是与书结下了不解之缘——由学生到老师，与书的情缘不仅未改变，反而加深了。要教好书，就得读好书、好读书!

因此严格地说来，我们真正的读书生活是从学校毕业之后才开始的。因为这时，读书没人指定，没人限制，也没有人定期检查和督促，读什么书、什么时候读、怎么读等等全凭己意，最能体现读书之乐和个人兴趣爱好的特点。

读书的乐趣是要在读书的过程中才能享受和体会的，而对书的渴慕和喜爱却随时都能拥有。要读书，首先得要有书。因而购书的故事发生在读书之前，而且购书的乐趣也远胜于读书。

我们不妨设想一下这样的情境：一个爱读书的人在书店里发现了他喜爱的书，而这时他恰恰又囊中羞涩(存在工资卡上的钱或压在箱子底下的钱仅够他的生活费)，与好书相遇，那是怎样的一种情状呢?——他站在书架前，翻来覆去地看他喜欢的那些书，反复地摩挲、端详，打开又合上，放回去又取出来，左看右看而难以割舍!书的内容、印张、版式和封面设计都完美无缺，无可挑剔，就是书的价格与他口袋里的生活费过不去，那是怎样的一种诱惑和矛盾呵!……这样的情境我已记不清遭遇多少次了，当学生时遇到过，参加工作后也没有少见。而差不多每次到最后，我都是毅然决然地掏钱买下，仿佛生死抉择，大有一种战胜自我的自豪和悲壮!

读书可以远离浮华和喧嚣，回归自己平静而真实的内心;放眼历史，善待人生，你就不会为功名所累，为潮流所裹挟;你就会在独处时不感到孤单和寂寞，在热闹处保留一份清醒和冷静，体味平凡是福、平淡是真的生活况味和人生境界。

总之我是与书结了缘了，书成了我的终生伴侣，读书成了我生命中的一部分。可以说，读书改变了我过去的命运，并且也必定会改变我未来的命运——我将更加用心地珍惜它们、爱护它们，直到我生命的最后一息。

[我的读书生活高中优秀作文

茫茫城市，我该何去何从？因为是一个人。

——题记

你相信一个人也可以PK吗？我想你不会相信，因为你不知道一个人应该如何PK。但是我要告诉你，事实就摆在你的眼前，你必须相信它。因为我就是一个例子——一个人生活着，进行着一场悲壮的PK战。

诺大的城市，我就呆立在他的角落里，静静地听人们的脚步声，汽车驶过地面的摩擦声，看那车轮卷起那层层尘土。人们的影象就像电影一样突然出现而又一闪而过。他们永远是那么忙，忙得连看我一眼对我说一句话的时间都没有，更谈不上他们会有时间想我。是的可以说他们忙得忘记了那蹲在角落的我。也许真的朋友只是一个个的驿站吧，我悲哀地叹道。我真的不想与他们一起奔走，我讨厌那样的行走方式。所以，我没有跟上他们的脚步，我也没有招呼他们。我无奈地选择了一个人，默默地守望在角落。，所以我得一个人生活，试着不倒在一个人的PK战场中……

死死地看书这太不像我的样子，猛然间从书中抬起头来，兴奋地呼书上的内容，却发现没有人应答---屋里只我一人。瞬间意识到了孤独，原来“一个人”就是“孤独”。放下手中的书，徐步走到镜前对自己说我一定可以PK赢孤独。于是随手抓本袖珍书放进口袋。我从城市的东面一直走到城市的西边，在从西边走到东面。却发现除自己之外，大家都是三五成群地嬉戏大闹，把笑容弄得满地都是。我在做什么？不是想甩到孤独吗？但是我做到了什么？用我那面无表情的脸把他们的快乐完整地体现出来，我更加孤独。这时的我才明白：原来工地一直以来都是自己的尾巴。我承认，我孤独。我与孤独的PK我认输，无论你怎么说，这一局我是输了。

从繁华的街市匆忙赶到家门，冲进房间便倒在了床上，悲哀地对自己说：这个城市是不属于你的。这时的我觉得有一种叫做痛苦的东西在侵蚀着我，晶莹的液体无止尽地流了出来，滴在枕边的书上，留下了浑浊的痕迹。又偶然间瞧见《两个人》，心中涩涩的，是羡慕也是嫉妒。这时才发现人就是那么地奇怪，明明知道会受伤，却有故意往刀口上划一下，好象不流点血那就不是刀似的。又一次明白到痛苦就是孤独的后遗症，我难以捉摸的影子。

这一局我又输了。

也许这就是一个人的生活吧，去进行属于一个人的PK战，选择一个人的悲哀。

[ 一个人的生活高中作文800字

There is a book, the book is not a word, but we can get a lot of knowledge: this book is not the author, but every one of us is the author of this book, this book is called "life". Life is everywhere in the classroom.

One morning, sunny, I harbored a happy mood, came to my house in the yard. The flowers in the yard is flourish, a breeze blowing, colorful flowers danced dance, it is refreshing. I think: the watered the flowers, I gingerly to per pot poured the water. After watering in the, I carry the flowers, touch the potted plant, the flowers are like seems very happy to me open a smiley face.

Suddenly, I saw an earthworm, with their feet to block the path of it, thought it would be "detour", can not think of it the "righteous" climbed to my feet. I wonder do earthworms couldnt see a thing? It is how to identify the direction of it?

Me with a problem, catch a worm to do the experiment. I fetched a basin exudes the fragrance of the flowers, bring a colorful toys, each put on left and right sides of the earthworm, and the worms are placed in the middle, see earthworms will move which things. Earthworms in the middle paused for a moment, slowly to the potted flower move in the past. I shall not the solution: do earthworms have no eyes?

So I went on to do an experiment. I put the potted flower replaced the onions. Who knows, the earthworm unexpectedly not hesitate to climb to the onions, which can be really strange. I think: the two experiments, earthworms crawled to the will smell things, earthworm identification method of direction will not smell related? This is just my guess, hasnt been confirmed. So, I went back home, lying on the bed to prove it.

I suddenly looked up and saw there was a thick book, the spine of the written "Encyclopedia" four words in the bookcase. I think: Yeah, I can go to check the Encyclopedia of ! Really is "where is the friends home, come without effort".

In the encyclopedia, said: as long as the earthworm in underground activities, eyes gradually degraded, can only rely on the sense of smell to identify the direction.

Someone said a sentence: "the truth was born in the one hundred question mark", through this matter, I have a deep feeling of this sentence. Life is everywhere in the classroom.

[生活处处是课堂英语作文

生活就像水池。白开水，一天一杯；果汁，三天一杯。咖啡，一个月一杯。比起享受后如隔数年的等待，我更愿意一天一杯细水长流式的雅致。

我的暑假，刺激不多，闲暇却也似无所剩。饭以一件件如沙粒般的微小构成此一幅小家碧玉式的沙画来勾勒我活出的精与彩。

我如愿做了一次义工，成功蒸出了一笼馒头，替出游的邻居顺利照看了他家的大发（黑狗），在一个退休老工匠的帮助下一套精致小巧的家具诞生我手……这这些星星点点象钻石一样镶嵌装饰着精彩，缺一不可。

或许有人会想不到，也许亦有人想不通那些＂向前迈步的足印＂之中，我最难忘的却是那一笼馒头的来由经过。许是我终究是个馋鬼把，矛盾的却是我从不屑那些售货点上看似精致诱人的面粉疙瘩，现在我明白那味道之中掺杂着努力的味道。

我记得那是一个大晴天。整个暑假我起得最早的一次。早过了妈妈，意料之中的缺了早餐这一环。我心血来潮般学着电视里老北京打早上街买油条、包子。路上，我仍想着那是怎样平淡的一天。

未到，透过聒噪，我便明三分一一今天可是一个工作日啊，恰巧与赶着上班的劳动人民碰了个正着。犹豫着是否＂移驾＂蛋糕店。确被另一个自己拦了下来，等一下又有何妨呢？排队是件无聊透了的事，便透过玻璃看起了里面大师颇具演绎色彩的＂节目＂一一揉面团。这师傅果是世外高人，满手绝活啊！只见他一拍案板，在面粉纷扬中挥起庞然大面团，＂唰唰＂两下，左拐右绕，未见其落，他一巴掌托起，后又已他泰山压顶之势双手并用地置＂团团＂于＂死地＂。按罢，淡看那零零粉末乖乖降落在面团之上，其均匀之程度，其气势之浑然程，将小女子深掩的崇拜彻底激发了出来。未有停歇，只见他宛如天降菜刀一般在我未看明白之前挥起那重量级的宰猪刀便要向＂团团＂痛下狠手。无丝毫犹豫地断其梁，割其首，砍其腰，落其尾。此刻，大叔的形象在我心目中已如古侠电视剧中的凛然大侠一般威风。但！他却突然弯起腰，表现起＂妇人之仁＂来。用裙围擦了擦刀面，小心翼翼地比划着将那几大段＂团团＂分成一个个一条条力求全等的立体几何。那一刻我若是坐着，我若是戴着眼镜，我若是拎着鸡蛋，可定会推眼镜，扔鸡蛋，拍大腿啊！这戏的转折点也太鲜明了一点啊！让悬着欣的观众一一我就这样一个不留神将心甩了下来。我看着他揉捏，看着他甩拉油条，看着他将其送入油锅？＂小姑娘，你买什么啊？＂这声音象催眠师的钟声一般使我惊醒。我尴尬地环顾一下四周，高峰期已过，熙攘人群变得三三两两，老板娘也由刚才地彪悍一下子变得温柔起来。＂我我我买三根油条三个豆沙包三个烧麦。＂此故作淡定也。

回家路上，那些现代版的武侠镜头不停的在我眼前回放，当下即决定我要下厨一次！顺便说一句，第一次下厨是在七岁，我记得老家的厨房自此便＂黑＂了。

这次我可不敢马虎了。好好地在网上查了一下具体做法。翻来找去，到处是复制的回复，大多就只有三步：酵母水揉面团、发面、下蒸笼。其产物即是千篇一律的＂白馒头＂，大失所望，却有满心希望。我可以自创的嘛！为了生态，也为了掩盖早上我煮紫薯不成却弄得一团糟的事实，还为了解决面粉不一定够用等诸多问题。我决定：将紫薯泥掺杂在面粉中。没有想象中那么容易。我是甩不起来，放不下，满手浆糊走天下啊。等到我弄出了所谓的＂三光面＂，竟花了我半个小时的光影阴。听说发面也是有讲究的，可不是丢在一边任它发酵，需要用湿布掩盖。想了想，那是为了积蓄二氧化碳为酵母呼吸提供有力环境。那在接近30度的大热天里竟又花了半个小时，这期间我思来想去，我既然帅（甩）不起来，那就做出我的独一无二吧。我掏出变身后的面团，突然小时候捏橡皮泥的乐趣像昨天的事一般涌上心来，三下五除二地捏成了几十个团，我做起了玫瑰花来。我惊奇地发现，原来我也能细心的考虑蒸后的变形程度，故此我有意将花瓣捏得更薄一点。第一笼，因为手法生疏做得有一点大大小小无整体美可言。可说到这第笼，自它诞生起，我可是舍不得下蒸笼舍不得留牙印！看着它泛热气，又看着热气消散，最后一刻喀嚓下了她一瞬的美。

做馒头——平淡无奇甚至无聊的一件事，但它却是生活里潺潺流水中的一部分，细细地品，你会发现白开水也会有它甘甜的时候。

[暑假生活拾锦高中作文

高一生活就这样溜走了，我不想，其实也无法，伸手挽留。

无奈，流年早已一去不复返，努力做只微笑的鱼吧!在时光的河流中全力的向前游曳!

军训结束，进入了向往以久的高一生活。坐在教室里，周围都是陌生，可爱的面孔，庆幸自己又可以结交那么多同学了，心情一直都很好，每一天都是美好的`。

不知道是不是新鲜感过了，一段时间后，觉得高一并不象我想象的那么完美，就象有些人说的——有些事情不是我们能控制的!

一年过去了……

我的高一生活就这样模模糊糊的过去，一直都在想——这一年，我找到了什么?从来都没好好珍惜……

学着一个人成长，一个人歌唱，梦想……以找不到踪迹。压力，第一次懂得它的厉害。好害怕，想什么都不管。去到我的天边，我的世界，我的快乐地方——即使那是个虚幻的地方，我的心仍能在那里找到我要的寄托。

高一一去不回，面对我的又是新的一天，我要我去挑战的一天!

当尘世的琐碎伴随着岁月的繁芜从指隙间飘然而逝，当白衣飘飘的年代在生命的进程中不知所踪，当最伤感的笑容在落叶悲秋寒风高木中被一小束洁白月光照亮到支离破碎。铅华落尽，斯人独憔悴。

白岩松说过：回望的道路，总让人惊心动魄。可谁又说过：忘记，意味着背叛。如果说我的高一是快乐的，那是因为我看到每个人都在笑。我感觉自己的感情若水龙头里的水，可以随开随关。我可以爱上任何人，换句话说，我也无法爱上任何人。我的同学们在不涉及利益的前提下对我很好。笑可以敷衍一切。至少我清楚记得尼采的话：人类遭受巨大痛苦，从而被迫发明了笑。对一群最熟悉的陌生人，我又能有什么其它动作。

我总是……

我觉得我是个很宽容的人，就像把一只刺猬的刺全拔光，竟然还能存活。我一刀一刀把自己打磨得光滑无比。夹起尾巴做人，做沉默的大多数，我像一枚完卵一样潜伏，但这并不意味着它永不爆发。原谅我的无病呻吟。因为我真的很健康。至少当再也找不到同伴的时候，就只有走自己的路。

我过得不好，恍若浮生一梦。或者说我的高一过得太好，因为任何痛苦都是一笔财富。我并不相信明天会更好之类的废话。亦是不

As a Senior Grade Three students, I am very busy in preparing for the college entrance examination.

I have seven classes a day, and two self-study classes at night. And only a day left for the weekend. So, most of the time I have to spend on the study, after all the college entrance examination is very important for almost all of us. Aside of study, I would play football with my friends after school and the weekend. I like playing football very much. When I run on the football field, I can put the examination thing off my mind for a while, only sweat and laugh left. It is a good exercise for health and a good way to relax from the busy study too.

This is my high school life, busy and fulfilling.

[我的生活英语作文

We havebeen told when we were a little child that we help others as they are in need. Weoften do as what we were told in the childhood, but when we grow up nowadays weare not dare to help others.

Because the society becomes more and complicated. Thereare some people will make traps for the kind people.

For example, you see anold lady falling on the ground and you would like to help her. However, you maybe charged for pushing her down and ask you to give money for seeing a doctor. Yeah,this things often happen.

But helping others is the traditional for ourChinese, we should carry it out on any condition. Helping others will not onlyhelp other people but also help yourself.

You will feel happy and satisfy whenassisting others. So please give a hand to the people in need carefully.

我们在很小的时候就被告知要帮助那些需要帮助的人。

我们小的时候经常就像被告知的那样做，但当我们长大了，我们却不敢去帮助别人了。

因为社会变得更复杂了。有一些人会对善良的人设陷阱。例如，你看到一个老太太倒在地上，你想帮她。

但是，她可能会说是你把她推到的并让你赔偿医药费。是的，这种事情经常发生。但帮助他人是我们中国的传统，不管在任何情况下我们都要发扬光大。帮助别人不仅可以帮助别人也是帮助自己。在帮助他人时你会感到快乐和满足。所以请小心的帮助需要帮助的人。

[高中英语作文：帮助别人

Dear editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

It has been admitted that 22 is the important point for many young people,

because they graduate from college and go to the job market. Then 25 is believed

to be the marriage age for the parents, as they start to worry about their

children’s future life and wish they get married as soon as possible. Before the

coming of 30, girls are in their best situation for the old idea.

It is an

outdated thought, because people should be limited by their ages. It is never

too late to get restart. An airline stewardess got fired because she was almost

30, then she decided to started her business by selling products online. Now she

is a successful businesswoman and she enjoys her career. So never listen to the

words that limits your movement, just do it.

Today, the teacher took us to touch the clams, we are not so happy.

We went all the way to the happy river, and we were in front of us with a wide open sky, and we rushed down to the shore. "Ha! Ha! Ha! There was laughter. I fixed my eyes, ah! It turned out that zhang zhipeng was sliding into the water. I went down to the water and the students helped each other. Afraid like zhang zhipeng. Everyone was looking for it, but I couldnt find one. Ah, finally find one, I take up to see, the sky, so small! This could be the worlds smallest clam! But I also find myself excited about the "worlds greatest". Well, dont think about it, just keep looking for it. Its a minute and a half, but I still cant find it, you know, dont laugh at me. It is a pity to see others buckets of their own "spoils" and look at my pail. I have no confidence at all, ah, I have found one again, this clam is full and big! Oh, great! I finally have my own battle fruit, my heart dont say how happy! Then my faith resumed, and I continued to find it. At the end of the day, I also had a big harvest -- eight clams.

Finally, at the urging of the teacher, the students were reluctant to leave the happy river, but I think the laughter still reverberated in the stream.

The happiest memory in my childhood was making snowman with my friends. As

I was a little boy, I always went out with my friends to make snowmen and play

with snow when it snowed heavily. We divided ourselves into several groups, two

or three people in each group. Then, we began to make our own snowman. We used

buttons to be snowmans eyes and carrots for its nose. After making our snowman,

we compared ours with others’ to decide whose snowman is the best. Sometimes, we

wrapped our scarfs around snowmen or put our caps on their head, so as to make

our snowman more beautiful. The last time I making a snowman was when I was in

university. But it snowed rarely these years. Thus, making snowman has become

the long-lost fun for me. How I hope it would be snowy this winter!

Winter fun are countless, the last thing that impressed me most is the new year. It was a busy morning, the little bird had just been asked by the sun and the sun. On a very busy market, people laughing, everywhere is a beaming, the land put on new clothes, red like a red dress. Crackling, what sound is it? Oh Is the original happy Symphony, street upload times childrens laughter, the market is crowded with people, next to endure crowded crowded. The cars on the road running, the little swallow circling, twittering in the sky, what is it doing? It played spring praise for everyone!

Mom took me to squeeze into the bustling market, to visit relatives, relatives of domesticated a chubby little guy, she is very naughty, dont stop with a small beat my face, nails is not cut, she and I played the many interesting games. For example: cat and mice, monkeys on the tree...

I cant forget this interesting thing.

I went to beijing to play during last summer holiday.

I went to Beijing more than eight times. Beijing is the capital of China. It’s a big city. I am very familiar with Beijing. It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane. There are many tall buildings in Beijing. It’s a modern city. My family visited the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing. It was very interesting. I went shopping in WangFuJing. I bought lots of souvenirs and other things. I like eating Beijing snacks. They are delicious. Don’t miss the Beijing Duck. It is really nice.

The trips helped me open my eyes. I enjoyed my day.

内容：我来了学校四个多月了，学校环境很好，同学们也相互团结和睦相处，老师对我们也很好，学习至于我还打篮球，在课下参加了很多社团的活动等…不少于80单词

最佳答案

After entering college, we found, to our surprise, that differences between high school life and college life are great. In high school, we always depended on our parents and teachers to solve all kinds of difficult problems. At college, however, we have to rely exclusively on ourselves. Whats more, we have to learn how to get along with our classmates and roommates.

Four years at college is an important yet very short period of time in our life. So it is always expected that we adapt to this life as quickly as possible. But it is a pity that not everyone can do so immediately. Here are some suggestions.

First, get familiar with the main buildings on the campus. Spend one or two hours by yourself or with your classmates to go around the campus so that you can know the location of such important places as the library, the dining room, the post office, the clinic and classrooms. Next, try to be independent. Learn to do such things as making sound decisions on how to spend your time, how to spend your money etc, and washing clothes on your own. Furthermore, form good study habits. Talk with your classmates and learn from their good habits. Finally, try to take part in all kinds of activities to get out of your solitude and get on well with your classmates.

The expectant Labor Day arrived at finally,we cantake a break finally. The seldom several days holidays, I want to play a fully enjoy.

The first day, Im going to Yiwu. I by train, Setout from Shanghai, by way of Jiaxing and Hangzhou. The scenery in the journey is very beautiful, There is many hills, But not how many waters, My happpy mood did not therefore suffer the influence, Because Im not to like the water very much, Especially big river.

Keep in mind the strange and pleased mood, I arrived Yiwu. The many people says, Yiwu become famous because of small merchandise, I approve very much now, However the night that I like it. I live the neighborhood in hills, Air is very good, But there is a lot of insectual. The sunlight is very strong there sevral days, Usually in the daytime of time, I sleeping in house, The nightfall go to play. Very quick a week passde by.

The holidays be over, I felt not how happy, But I hope that I can to breathe the air on the hills again. Expect the labor day of the next year.

[我的劳动节生活英语作文

古人云：槐花黄，举子忙。

今人语：考考考，老师的法宝，分分分，学生的命根。

如今，一年一度的高考又拉开了帷幕，一场没有硝烟的战争又打响了。

回望两年的高中生活，有喜有悲，有甜有苦。我奋斗了一个高一，迷惘了一个高二。明天，就在明天，高三的学哥学姐们光荣的走出考场的那一瞬间，我就是高三的学生了，我不知道该怎样度过黑暗的一年，也不知道我的大学在哪，是不是海市蜃楼，转眼稍纵即逝。

我自从分科之后，就没有了目标。从小学二三年级开始，我就立志要考军医大，这个目标支持着我，鼓励着我，一直打拼到高一。可是我被高中物理吓倒了，主要是分数令我不满意，我的目标是90分以上，可考试成绩总是在6080间徘徊，所以，我退缩了，我最终选择度文。可是，我不喜欢文科，尤其讨厌政治，上周我们测试政治，我又只考了76分，我要准备补考了。我不知道到底该如何面对我的成绩、我的高三、我的高考我完全没有了目标。爸爸让我读法律，妈妈叫我上师范，可是我不知道我到底要什么。我想学日语，可我不干和爸爸说，因为我知道他一定会反对的，他们很讨厌日本，我的同学们也都很讨厌日本。可我对日本有一种难以言说的向往和喜爱，可能是动画片看多了吧。

我到底该怎么办？我的未来在哪，我看不见啊！

[关于高中趣味生活作文5篇

Today, as the economy develops fast, people can buy what they need, the

producers provide them all the new things, so the factory produce many products,

in order to make the biggest profit, they don’t deal with the pollution. Water

gets polluted, it does harm to people’s health, we drink water everyday, the

government controls the producers to figure out some ways to deal with the water

pollution.

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

Dear Li Hong,

I haven’t heard from you for quite a long time. How have you been these

days?

During the coming winter vacation, I’m going to Beijing for a tour. As I

have never been to Beijing before, I’d like you to be my guide. I hope you can

show me around the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of

interest. What’s more, during my visit I hope to stay together with you in your

house so that we can have a good talk about our life and studies. What do you

think of my idea? I would like to know your opinion.

Please give my best regards(问候) to your parents.

Yours sincerely,

Liu Ming