举例说明知识的美和特点英语作文(实用19篇)

写作题目 Knowledge or Experience

Directions： You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay no less than 150 words on the following topic.

1.some emphasize book knowledge

2.others stress practical experience

3.which one is more important? Give your reasons to illustrate your opinion.

范文：

Which is more important in life， knowledge from the books you read， or personal experience you gain in reality? The answer may vary from person to person. The young， educated may emphasize the former， and the old may stress the later. But in my opinion， they are of the same importance.

Experience is priceless. How to become an efficient secretary? How to prepare for your first child to come into the world? There is so much experience we need in careers， in life and even in academic studies. It helps one deal with the problems with ease and confidence. Especially activities and to accumulate experience of different kinds is more crucial.

Experience， however， is limited in terms of time and space. For one thing， it is impossible for anyone to experience all the important events and meet all the famous people. For another， as the speed with which skills are obsolete and new problems crop up is unprecedented because of the fast development of society， experience is far less adequate. Depending too much on it only leads to narrow-mindedness and prejudice.

One way to compensate for it is to read books. Books of various kinds can bring us almost unlimited additional experience. From books you can not only trace back to the wisdom of our antecedents， but keep up with the latest developments of science and technology. To be sure， its secondhand experience. But it is the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. Few of us can travel around the world， or live long beyond one hundred years， but all of us can live many lives by reading books.

Both book knowledge and personal experience are essential. While experience makes one more resourceful， book knowledge makes one more learned.

[中考英语作文素材：知识和经验

良好的开端等于成功的一半，下面是小编整理的高考英语写作基础知识，欢迎阅读。

一. 开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on(关于) the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.

D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again!

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

(词典例子：Can I have your attention please?请注意听我讲话好吗?)

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balanced Diet and Health.

(词典解释：be/feel honoured to do sth=feel proud and happy做某事感到荣幸

例子：I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在讲话中提到了我，真是荣幸。)

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

(词典解释：extend=to offer or give sth to sb 提供;给予

例子：I’m sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitors. 我肯定你们会同我一起向来访者表示热烈的欢迎。)

(词典解释：allow me=used to offer help politely (礼貌地表示主动帮忙)让我来

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on the one hand---, on the other hand---, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing, for another; nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it, though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

(词典：contray to sth 与之相异的，相对的，相反的

Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. 与普通的想法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。)

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

In the Information Age, public awareness of the value of knowledge critically affects the economic growth of a nation. The schematic diagram clearly shows how the value of knowledge evolved in China in the past 50 years.

The schematic diagram mainly consists of three parts. From 1950 to 1966, the curve was roughly a straight line slightly above zero, showing that China was a poorly-educated nation then. In 1966, the curve drastically dropped below zero, moving down hopelessly in the next 11 years. This periodcoincided with the "Culture Revolution". Our society went mad then, books were burned,schools were closed and all kinds of academic activities were banned. Knowledge inflicted its masters nothing but disasters. Life was a nightmare for Chinese intellectuals, including famous scholars as well as common people who received higher education or whose profession had anything to do with knowledge. It was a time when ignorance was a virtue and knowledge was a crime. People tried desperately to be away from knowledge. As a result, China lagged farther behind the rapid progressing world. This was the darkest time in the history of New China. The curve returned to its original non-zero position around 1978 and moved up but slowly. From 1984 on, it has been shooting up. The open-up policy encourages people to study and to channel their knowledge to the market economy. Millions of Chinese are bettering off by means of their knowledge and more Chinese enjoy the fruits of knowledge and say goodbye for good to poverty that haunted them for generations.

As our world is rapidly advancing towards the Information Age, increasing number of people realize that knowledge is power and creativity is everything. Only when China becomes a better educated nation, can China be a great nation with international prestige.

[知识的价值英语作文

A case in point is…一个恰当的例子是……The recent incident happened in … proves …最近发生在……身上的一件事情证明了……A simple example can be drawn from…一个简单的例子就是……According to figures/statistics /the findings/data released by an institute, …根据某机构发布的数据/研究结果，……

知识就是力量(knowledge is power)

知识就是力量(knowledge is power)Knowledge is power, especially scientific and technological knowledge. Science and technology are the motive power of the social development. Without them human society could never have developed from primitive society to modern society. Therefore, to conquer and transform nature, we must master scientific knowledge.

However, social knowledge is also essential. Without it we can not understand society and dont know the law of the social development. As a result we are unable to tovern society. Therefore, besides scientific knowledge we need to master social science, philosophy, politics, history, aesthetics, etc, so that we can know society from all perspectives and form a correct world outlook.

To meet new challenges in he 21st century, we university students should lose no time to acquire as much knowledge as possible so that we will become qualified successors of the socialist cause.

From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.

What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped. So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.

[知识：英语作文

Generally, knowledge gained from books is theoretical, that gained from experience is practical. It is difficult to answer which is more important to we people. It depends on the phases and events of our learning.

Knowledge learned from books is (instructive教育性的,) which perhaps cannot learn directly from experience. We often hear thunders and see lightning in the sky, and we can easily find that lightning will be seen sooner than sound will be heard. According to our experience alone, we cannot tell why it had happened. But when we learn some physics in textbooks, we will find the answer clearly that because light travels faster than sound does, it takes less time for light to travel the same distance than for sound. Therefore, book knowledge can inform us some useful theories that can give us general ideas and help us understand the real phenomenon better.

In turn, practice knowledge check out the theories gained from books. There is an old Chinese saying that practice is the only criterion of inspecting the truth. So not all knowledge from books is credible, even false. When Aristotle wrote in his transcripts that the earth is the center of our planets, no one doubts this for centuries. However, when Galileo read about it, he did not suspect it at first, but when he made some observation and research, he found it is not the truth. Then comes the new theory—Sun center theory.

[书本知识和经验考研英语作文

The relationship of knowledge and ability is a long-term domestic questions among home and aboard.In the argument put forward different views ,of which there are two opposing views.

One view is that knowledge is the basis of ability.There is no ability to master the knowledge without knowledge.Therefore,knowledge is more important than the capacity-building.

Another view is that in todays technological revolution,the era of knowledge explosion,to teach him to fish,it is better to teach him to fish.Ability is more important than knowledge.Although holding these two views of the people can use a lot of reasons to demonstrate a positive view of their own,it is difficult to negate each others point of view effectively.How to recognize the ability to impart knowledge and develop the relationship between?It is considered to be a consensus the following areas generally :

(1) To acquire knowledge (including skills) is the basis for the development of the students on the basis of ability to understand the more profound knowledge,grasp the more solid.More skilled the appropriate skills,the better capabilities.If you talk about leaving the grasping of knowledge development ability,the ability to become a river without water,without trees.That is,a relatively rich knowledge may have a stronger ability to not leave the ability to impart knowledge to develop.

At the same time,capacity development is an important prerequisite to knowledge.If there is no certain cognitive abilities (such as perception,memory,thinking ability,etc.),you will not be able to acquire knowledge.

Therefore,the ability and knowledge are interrelated and mutually reinforcing.Both of them are the basic tasks of teaching.They are important and should not have the severity of the other.The two should be simultaneous.

(2) There are differences between knowledge and ability.The so-called difference is the knowledge and ability are two different concepts.They can not be equated.Knowledge is that people do things and a general understanding of the law objectivity.It is summed up in the social practice and is the experience of mind system/.It is also an objective law of reflection in mind.It is formed in practice and is the level of psychological development.

(3) The conversion between the knowledge and ability of certain conditions need to have mastery of knowledge and it is an indispensable prerequisite for the formation of capacity.However,the development of student ability is not in the process of imparting knowledge spontaneously carried out.The idea that learning the knowledge to develop the ability naturally,or with the natural ability to grasp the knowledge of the views are not realistic.Conversion between the knowledge and ability is the need to have certain conditions.

Therefore,when teachers are grasping the "double base" teaching,they should also create a variety of effective ways to impart knowledge and develop the ability to unify to enable students to become a new generation of knowledge and wisdom.

Is one of the world intellectual property day on April 26th.

Intellectual property refers to the citizens, legal persons or other organizations in areas such as science and literature and art, based on the mental work to create complete intellectual achievements of proprietary rights in accordance with the law. The traditional intellectual property is the sum of patent right, trademark right and copyright.

On April 26, 1970, the convention establishing the world intellectual property organization took effect, the world intellectual property organization that is dedicated to the protection of intellectual property rights of international intergovernmental organizations formally established. In October 2000, the world intellectual property organization, from 2001 every year on April 26, would be a "world intellectual property day", aims to establish worldwide respect knowledge, advocating science, and protect intellectual property rights awareness, build encouraging knowledge innovation and the protection of intellectual property legal environment.

2013 world intellectual property day approaching, the world intellectual property organization director-general Francis cell in his speech, pointed out: "I want to say is that for the next generation create unceasingly, the innovation. Constantly thinking, even at the same time in the future of creation and innovation of social management, intellectual property rights should be how to accomplish the mission".

"World intellectual property day" every year there is a topic: "talent innovation" is the theme of the 2012. World intellectual property day approaching, the world intellectual property organization director-general Francis cell in his speech pointed out that we can not do without the development of innovation, there is no innovation, as humans, we will marking time.

4月26日是世界知识产权日。

知识产权是指公民、法人或其他组织在科学和文学艺术等领域内，基于脑力劳动创造完成的智力成果所依法享有的专有权利。传统的知识产权是专利权、商标权和版权的总和。

1970年4月26日，《建立世界知识产权组织公约》正式生效，世界知识产权组织这一致力于保护知识产权的政府间国际组织正式成立。2000年10月，世界知识产权组织决定，从2001年起将每年的4月26日定为“世界知识产权日”，旨在世界范围内树立尊重知识、崇尚科学和保护知识产权的意识，营造鼓励知识创新和保护知识产权的法律环境。

2013年世界知识产权日来临之际，世界知识产权组织总干事弗朗西斯·高锐在致辞中指出：“我要对下一代说的就是：不断创造，不断创新。同时还要不断思考，在未来对创造和创新的社会管理中，知识产权应当如何完成其使命”。

每年的“世界知识产权日”都有一个主题：2012年的主题是“天才创新家”。世界知识产权日来临之际，世界知识产权组织总干事弗朗西斯·高锐在致辞中指出，我们的发展离不开创新，没有创新，作为人类，我们就将原地踏步。

Knowledge and Intelligence

知识与智力

Knowledge is ones acquaintance with facts, truth, principles, through education, investigation, and experience, while wisdom is the quality or state of being knowledgeable and sensible; it is ones accumulated knowledge to form the right judgment and make the right decision.

知识是一个人通过教育、调查和经历，（表现出的）对现实、真理和原则的认识，而智慧是成为博学的和明智的一个特质或者状态；它是一个人（通过）累积的知识而做出正确的判断和决定。

It may follow that wisdom is the output end of the knowledge acquiring process.

知识可能遵循着，智慧是获取知识过程的最终输出端。

Simply put, knowledge makes one wise.

不仅如此，知识还会使人聪明。

[知识与智力英语中考优秀作文

1、好习惯使人终身受益的故事。

(1)好习惯能帮助人们赢得宝贵的机遇。

在20世纪60年代，苏联发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船，宇航员叫加加林。当时挑选第一个上太空的人选时，有这么一个插曲，几十个宇航员去参观他们要乘坐的飞船，进舱门的时候，只有加加林一个人把鞋脱下来了。他觉得：“这么贵重的一个舱，怎么能穿着鞋进去呢?”就加加林的这一个动作，让主设计师非常感动。主设计师想：只有把飞船交给这样一个如此爱惜它的人，我才放心。在他的推荐下，加加林就成了人类第一个飞上太空的宇航员。所以有人开玩笑说，成功从脱鞋开始。实际上说的是成功从好的习惯开始。

(2)好习惯成就大未来。

苏霍姆林斯基有一个习惯，那就是在清晨尽早开始一天的工作，他每天五点半起床，做早操，喝杯牛奶吃块面包，然后就开始工作，当他习惯了六点钟开始工作以后，又努力再提早十五到二十分钟，几十年如一日，从不间断。他三十几本教育方面的书和三百多篇学术论文都是在早上五点到八点写成的。这个故事，说明了好习惯，成就了一位举世闻名的心理学家和教育学家。

结论：纵观历史的发展，许多伟大人物的成就都是与他们的良好习惯分不开的。大文豪托尔斯泰一生热衷于体育运动，这使他能以充沛的精力完成不朽的巨著。美国著名作家马克•吐温坚持每天清晨默读墙上的好词、佳句，为他能写出脍炙人口的作品打下了坚实的基础。达尔文从不放过任何一个观察大自然的机会，为他的科研工作积累了大量的第一手资料。

由此可见，名人并不是高不可攀，只要我们向他们学习，做好身边的每一件事，养成好习惯，一定会成就我们的大梦想!

过渡：一个好的习惯，可以使人终身受益;一个坏的习惯，却可能遗祸一生。

2、坏习惯带来影响。

(1)《都是坏习惯惹得祸》

日本有一家食品公司要招聘一位卫生检测员，一位衣冠楚楚、气度不凡的年轻人自信地走进了总经理办公室，他优雅的谈吐，扎实的专业知识赢得了总经理的好感，没想到就在年轻人转身离开的时候，他下意识抠了一下鼻孔，这个不起眼的小动作并没有逃过总经理的眼睛，结果可想而知，一个没有良好卫生习惯的人怎么能够做卫生检测员呢?当然，年轻人到死也不会知道是他"抠鼻孔"的坏习惯毁了他的工作，使到手的饭碗落入了他人之手。

(2) “小和尚的剃头刀”

古时候，寺庙里有位小和尚，在出家前就有“丢三落四”的毛病。出家后，师父和师兄弟们一直提醒他，可是他从不当回事，依然是“丢三落四”。每天除了诵经念佛、打扫寺院、提水砍柴之外，小和尚也想学一门手艺。于是师父就安排小和尚学习剃头。

师父告诉他：“你每天拿一个冬瓜来练习，练到能在冬瓜上施展各种剃头方法，再安排你去剃真人。”于是，小和尚就天天在冬瓜上练习剃头，练了一天又一天，好几个月过去了，小和尚剃冬瓜的水平已经越来越高。可是师父却发现一个问题，小和尚练习剃头都是抽空进行的，在剃头过程中，经常有事需要他走开。每当别人叫小和尚走开的时候，他都会把剃头刀扎在冬瓜上面，等办完事回来以后，再抽出剃头刀继续练习。

这个问题，着实把师父吓了一大跳，于是他告诫小和尚，以后千万不能这样做了，小和尚答应了师父。可是等师父下次再观察他时，他仍然这样做;而且据师父的多次观察发现，小和尚每次都是这样。师父一次又一次地提醒小和尚，每次小和尚都对师父说：“不要紧的，这只是习惯而已”。师父严肃地对小和尚说，“你的这种习惯到时候没准会出人命啊!”看到师父生气的样子，小和尚安慰道：“没事的，师父，你不要担心，等到真为人剃头时我就不会这样了。”

一日，师父决定让小和尚给他剃头。小和尚毕恭毕敬地把师父的头刮得亮晶晶的。就在小师父剃完头，师父刚要开口鼓励他的时候，小和尚顺手就把剃刀扎在了师父的头上，可怜人脑不比冬瓜，这样一刀下去，后果可想而知，小和尚成了杀人犯。

过渡：良好习惯的养成并不是一件轻而易举的事。我们班中就有那么一些同学，没有养成良好的学习生活习惯。

①in+月、年 the morning/afternoon/evening/a week 表示时间

②on+具体某一天(几月几日)/某个假期(…Day)

③at+具体某点时间、某个假期(…Festival)/the weekend

①in…street 表示方位

②on…road/left/right

③at the…crossing/stop/某个具体的地点

①in the tree(不是树上长出来的)

②on the tree(树上原来自己长出来的)

表示时间：

① ago(……以前) later(……以后)

② before (在……以前) after(在 ……以后)

be 动词和助动词

1. be 动词(am/is/are)

主语 be 动词(原形) be 动词(过去式)

I am was He/she/it is was

We/you/they are were

2.助动词(do/does/did)

Do+非第三人称单数 +动词原形…?

…do/dont

Does+第三人称单数

…does/doesnt

Did+所有主格

…did/didnt

What do you/they/we…

+动词原形?

I/They/We+动词原形…。

What does he/she/it…

He/She/It +(动词+S)….

What did you/they/we/ he/she/it…

I/They/We/ He/She/It +动词过去式。

【示例一】

①With the rapid advances of ________ in recent years, ________has ________(引出现象). ②However, ________has ________, as ________(提出问题). ③As a result, ________(指出影响),which has aroused close social attention from all walks of life.

【示例二】

①With the rapid development of science and technology (electronic industry/higher education), more and more people come to realize that ________(引出现象). ②It is estimated, over the past decade, that ________(用具体数据说明现象).

What does beauty really mean？ Everybody has his own definition。

Some students think that a good face is a letter of recommendation。 Good appearance often makes a big difference in social communication， competition， finding jobs and so on。 Not only can it help you become more confident， but also it helps you be impressed。 Physical beauty is likely to draw much attention。 Others， however， hold the idea that good appearance will buy no beef。 Inner beauty is more important。A beautiful person is not the one with good looks， but the one with a broad and kind heart。 In my opinion， the standard of beauty changes with societies， cultures and nations。 Some hold the point that good appearance is of great importance， which is visible to all。 Others have the idea that inner beauty is the loveliest one， which lasts long。 However different they might be， their opinions are all acceptable。

常见的说明方法有举事例、分类别、列数据、作比较、画图表、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引资料等10种。写说明文要根据说明对象的特点及写作目的，选用最佳方法。以下是小编整理的关于说明文说明方法及特点，欢迎阅读参考。

说明文说明方法

（1）举例子。

举出实际事例来说明事物，使所要说明的事物具体化，以便读者理解，这种说明方法叫举例法。如：

一般人总以为，年龄稍大，记忆能力就一定要差，其实不然，请看实验结果：国际语言学会曾对9至18岁的青年与35岁以上的成年人学习世界语作过一个比较，发现前者就不如后者的记忆力好。这是因为成年人的知识、经验比较丰富，容易在已有的知识基础上，建立广泛的联系。这种联系，心理学上称为“联想”。人的记忆就是以联想为基础的，知识经验越丰富，越容易建立联想，记忆力就会相应提高。马克思五十多岁时开始学俄文，六个月后，他就能津津有味地阅读著名诗人与作家普希金、果戈里和谢德林等人的原文著作了。这是由于语言知识丰富，能够通晓很多现代和古代的语言的缘故。

这段文章要说明的是：年龄稍大，记忆力不一定就差。为了说明这一点，作者先提供了实验结果，又分析了原因。到此为止，未尝不可，但不够具体，也缺乏说服力，于是，又举出了一个实例：马克思在五十多岁的时候，只用六个月时间便精通了俄语。这样一来，内容具体了，说服力增强了。

说明文中的举事例的说明方法和议论文中的例证法，都可以起到使内容具体、加强说服力的作用。但二者又有区别。议论文中的事例，是用来证明观点的，说明文的事例，是用来介绍知识的。

运用举事例的说明方法说明事物或事理，一要注意例子的代表性，二要注意例子的适量性。

（2）分类别。

将被说明的对象，按照一定的标准划分成不同的类别，一类一类地加以说明，这种说明方法，叫分类别。

分类别是将复杂的事物说清楚的重要方法。

运用分类别方法要注意分类的标准，一次分类只能用同一个标准，以免产生重叠交叉的现象。例如：“图书馆的藏书有中国的、古典的、外国的、科技的、文学的、现代的以及政治经济方面的等。”这里用了不只一个标准，所以表达不清。正确的说法应该是：

图书馆的藏书，按国别分，有中国的、外国的；按时代分，有古典的、现代的；按性质分，有科技的、文学的以及政治经济方面的等。

这样，每次分类只用一个标准，就眉目清楚了。

有的事物的特征、本质需要分成几点或几个方面来说，也属于分类别。

注意，运用分类别方法，所列举的种类不能有遗漏。

（3）列数据。

为了使所要说明的事物具体化，还可以采用列数据的方法，以便读者理解。需要注意的是，引用的数字，一定要准确无误，不准确的数字绝对不能用，即使是估计的数字，也要有可靠的根据，并力求近似。

（4）作比较。

说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。

在作比较的时候，可以是同类相比，也可以是异类相比，可以对事物进行“横比”，也可以对事物进行“纵比”。

（5）画图表。

为了把复杂的事物说清楚，还可以采用图表法，来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠，对有些事物解说更直接、更具体。

（6）下定义。

用简明的语言对某一概念的本质特征作规定性的说明叫下定义。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质，是科技说明文常用的方法。

下定义的时候，可以根据说明的目的需要，从不同的角度考虑。有的着重说明特性，如关于“人”的定义；有的着重说明作用，如关于“肥料”的定义；有的既说明特性又说明作用，如关于“统筹方法”和“应用科学”的定义。

①人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物。

②肥料是能供给养分使植物生长的物质。

③统筹方法，是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。

④工程技术的科学叫做应用科学，它是应用自然科学的基础理论来解决生产实践中出现的问题的学问。

无论从什么角度考虑，无论采用什么方式，只要是下定义，就必须揭示事物的本质，只有这样的定义才是科学的。比如，有人说：“人是两足直立的动物。”这个定义就是不科学的，因为它没能揭示事物的本质。“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物。”这才是科学的定义，因为它揭示了人的本质。

（7）作诠释。

从一个侧面，就事物的某一个特点做些解释，这种方法叫诠释法。

定义法和诠释法常采用“某某是什么”的语言形式。形式相同，如何区分呢？一般来说，“是”字两边的话能够互换，就是定义；如果不能互换，就是诠释。

例如，“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物”这句话，改成“能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物是人”，意思不变。“雪是在云中形成的一种固态降水物”这句话，如果改为“云中形成的固态降水物是雪”就不成。由此可以辨别，前一句是定义说明，后一句是诠释说明。

（8）打比方。

利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较，以突出事物的性状特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法叫做打比方。

（9）摹状貌。

为了使被说明对象更形象、具体，可以进行状貌摹写，这种说明方法叫摹状貌。

（10）引资料。

为了使说明的内容更充实具体，可以引资料说明。引资料的范围很广，可以是经典著作，名家名言，公式定律，典故谚语等。       一篇说明文单用一种说明方法很少，往往综合运用多种说明方法。采用什么说明方法，一方面服从内容的需要，另一方面作者有选择的自由。是采用一种说明方法，还是采用多种说明方法，是采用这种说明方法，还是那种说明方法，可以灵活，不是一成不变的。

说明文特点

以说明为主是说明文与其他文体从表达方式上区别的标志。

在各种文章样式中，说明文体是一种客观的说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。在人们的社会生活中，说明文越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值。现实生活充分表明，说明文不是一种无足轻重的文章形式，而是运用范围极为广泛的常用文体，它与人们的生产、工作和生活的关系相当密切，而且由于社会生活的需要，说明文写作正在大量涌现，并更多地融入到我们生活。(内容具有高度科学性；结构具有清晰的条理性；语言具有严密准确性)。

说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识，或者来自有关科学研究资料，或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得，都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白，就必须把握事物的特征，进而揭示出事物的本质属性，即不仅要说明“是什么”，还要说明“为什么”。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征，阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。

说明文是客观地说明事物或阐明事理的一种文体。目的在于给人以知识：或说明事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理。《中国石拱桥》属于前者，它以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明中国石拱桥“不但形式优美，而且结构坚固”的特征。《大自然的语言》属于后者，文章科学地说明了物候学知识。说明事物特点和阐明事理是说明文的两种类型。

为了把事物特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，必须有相适应的说明方法。常见的说明方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引用、画图表（作图表）等。写说明文要根据说明对象和写作目的，选用最佳方法。采用什么说明方法，一方面服从内容的需要，另一方面作者有选择的自由。是采用某一种说明方法，还是采用多种说明方法，是采用这种说明方法，还是那种说明方法，可以灵活，不是一成不变的。

说明文虽是以说明为主要表达方式的一类文种，但若没有其他表达方式（如叙述、议论、描写等）的恰当配合，则无法圆满地完成向读者介绍事物、解释事理的任务；而从学习写作说明文的角度讲，如果能确切了解表达方式的综合运用在说明文中的重要作用，注意准确使用叙述、议论等方式来辅助说明，说明文就能写得有声有色，文采斐然。

1)主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy。

It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

It is / that

2)宾(表)语从句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates。

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay。

3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university。

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste。

4)状语从句(时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him。

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers。

5)分词短语做定语或状语

Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better。

6)倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem。

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots。

7)被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem。

He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds。

Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

8)设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

9)比较

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B。

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.。。

4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that.。。

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages。

6.Like anything else, it has its faults。

7.A and B has several points in common。

8.A bears some resemblances to B。

9.However, the same is not applicable to B。

10. A and B differ in several ways。

11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects。

12. People used to think ..., but things are different now。

13. The same is true of B。

14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks。

15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .。。

10)原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation。

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors。

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.。。

4. The factors that contribute to this

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that.。。

6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are.。。

7. Part of the explanations for it is that .。。

8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .。。

9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .。。

10. Perhaps the primary factor is that …

11. But the fundamental cause is that .。。

Nowadays,high school students hold different opinions about after-class activities.there are two quite different phenomenonena.

Some students are crazy about sports and some other activities.they spend much time in joining the outdoor activities and varies of groups , and also,making new friends.However,they pay a little attention to their studies.

On the contrary, some students spend almost of their time in studies and dont enjoy attending other activities.

In my opinion,I think neither of them is correct.I think we should study hard,but we also need time to relax ourselves,because if a one in a good state,he can do better.

1、关于这个问题，大家意见不同。

Opinions are divided about/on the problem.

2、百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。

Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.

3、他们认为校服设计得好。

They think the uniforms are well designed.

4、其余的人对校服不感兴趣。

Therest are not interested in school uniforms.

5、三分之一的学生住得离学校近。

One third of the students live near their school.

6、一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。

More than half of the students spend 50 minutes on the way to school.

7、很少的人坐小汽车上学。

Few of them go to school by car.

8、2020年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。

There will be 3 million cars in the city in 2020.

9、他们每天花一个半小时做作业。

It takes them an hour and a half to do their homework every day.

10、他们学了一年多英语了。

They have learned English for more than a year.

一、记叙文的特点与结构模式

1.记叙文的特点

记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达方式,以记人、叙事、写景、状物为基本职能,对社会生活中的人、事、景物的状态及其变化发展进行叙述和描写的文章样式。常见的散文、报告文学、消息、海报、通讯、特写、游记、人物传记、回忆录,以及一部分书信、日记、情况报告、调查报告、人物事迹材料等都可归入记叙文之列。

其特点有四个:(1)全面真实,没有虚构。(2)要素全面,选材典型。(3)以叙述、描写为主要表达方式。(4)语言生动活泼,富于表现力。

2.记叙文的结构模式

记叙文一般都是由开头、主体、结尾三部分组成。

(1)开头——事件或行为、情感的发端。

(2)主体——事件或行为、情感的发展。

(3)结尾——事件或行为、情感的结果与启迪。

二、议论文的特点与结构模式

1.议论文的特点

议论文是以议论为主要表达方式,通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非确定某种观点的正确与谬误,树立或否定某种主张的文章样式。常见的科学论文、杂文、文艺评论、政论文(有关政治问题的讲话、会议报告、发言、宣言、声明、社论、演讲词〉等都属于议论文体。其特点是:(1)直接表达作者的思想观点。(2)以议论为主要表达方式,辅以说明、叙述等。(3)内容重在说理,坚持摆事实,讲道理,以理服人。(4)其构成要素包括论点、论据和论证过程三个方面。(5)语言要讲求准确、简练、逻辑性强。

2.议论文的结构模式

议论文以确定或反驳一种论点的方式实现其写作目的,它所表现的是一个合乎逻辑的推理过程,其篇章结构模式一般为:

(1)开头——引论

这部分内容用于提出一个令人关注的问题或指明形成这一问题的情境,具体内容可以是其中的一项或几项。

①直接提出问题或阐述观点;

②指明讨论问题的目的、意义、原因;

③从对有关背景材料的介绍说明中引出论题;④概述全文轮廓,提出中心论点等。

1、这副图描写了我们的学校生活。

This is a picture of our school life.

2、有一个男孩站在那儿。

There is a boy standing there.

3、有一些学生在打篮球。

Some students are playing basketball.

4、另外一些人在彼此交谈。

Others are talking with each other.

5、甚至有一个人在打太极拳。

There is even one who is practicing taichi.

6、阳光明媚。

The sun is shining brightly.

7、天空蔚蓝。

The sky is blue.

8、微风吹拂。

The wind is blowing softly.

9、鸟儿在树上欢快地叫着。

The birds are singing happily in the trees.

10、树木充满了生机。

The trees are full of new life.