举例说明知识的美和特点英语作文（热门19篇）

It is generally believed that a high diploma guarantees a promising future. Some people identify high diplomas with profound knowledge and exceptional competence. Companies also tend to emphasize the academic achievement of a job candidate. Like it or not, there does exist a social reality – the higher diplomas one gets, the more popular he becomes。

On the contrary, other people claim that a high diploma doesn’t automatically translate into knowledge. A diploma, in their eyes, is only the acknowledgment of one’s educational experience rather than a guarantee of one’s ability. Therefore, we can never measure the depth of one’s knowledge by the grade of one’s diploma. Besides, many knowledgeable people don’t have a high diploma. Take Bill Gates for example. His dropping out of college cannot deny the fact that he is one of the world’s most learned men。

So I must say no one should ever equate a diploma with knowledge, because a diploma is nothing but a proof of a short-term study while genuine knowledge needs one’s lifelong devotion。

Value of KnowledgeIn the Information Age， public awareness of the value of knowledge critically affects the economic growth of a nation。

The schematic diagram clearly shows how the value of knowledge evolved in China in the past 50 years。The schematic diagram mainly consists of three parts。 From 1950 to 1966， the curve was roughly a straight line slightly above zero， showing that China was a poorly-educated nation then。 In 1966， the curve drastically dropped below zero， moving down hopelessly in the next 11 years。 This period coincided with the "Culture Revolution"。

Our society went mad then， books were burned， schools were closed and all kinds of academic activities were banned。 Knowledge inflicted its masters nothing but disasters。 Life was a nightmare for Chinese intellectuals， including famous scholars as well as common people who received higher education or whose profession had anything to do with knowledge。 It was a time when ignorance was a virtue and knowledge was a crime。 People tried desperately to be away from knowledge。 As a result， China lagged farther behind the rapid progressing world。 This was the darkest time in the history of New China。

The curve returned to its original non-zero position around 1978 and moved up but slowly。 From 1984 on， it has been shooting up。 The open-up policy encourages people to study and to channel their knowledge to the market economy。 Millions of Chinese are bettering off by means of their knowledge and more Chinese enjoy the fruits of knowledge and say goodbye for good to poverty that haunted them for generations。As our world is rapidly advancing towards the Information Age， increasing number of people realize that knowledge is power and creativity is everything。

Only when China becomes a better educated nation， can China be a great nation with international prestige。

[知识的价值_英语作文

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay

commenting on the saying “Knowledge is a treasure, but

practice is the key to it.” You can cite one example or two to

illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 but

no more than 200 words.

The relationship of knowledge and ability is a long-term domestic questions among home and aboard.In the argument put forward different views ,of which there are two opposing views.

One view is that knowledge is the basis of ability.There is no ability to master the knowledge without knowledge.Therefore,knowledge is more important than the capacity-building.

Another view is that in todays technological revolution,the era of knowledge explosion,to teach him to fish,it is better to teach him to fish.Ability is more important than knowledge.Although holding these two views of the people can use a lot of reasons to demonstrate a positive view of their own,it is difficult to negate each others point of view effectively.How to recognize the ability to impart knowledge and develop the relationship between?It is considered to be a consensus the following areas generally :

(1) To acquire knowledge (including skills) is the basis for the development of the students on the basis of ability to understand the more profound knowledge,grasp the more solid.More skilled the appropriate skills,the better capabilities.If you talk about leaving the grasping of knowledge development ability,the ability to become a river without water,without trees.That is,a relatively rich knowledge may have a stronger ability to not leave the ability to impart knowledge to develop.

At the same time,capacity development is an important prerequisite to knowledge.If there is no certain cognitive abilities (such as perception,memory,thinking ability,etc.),you will not be able to acquire knowledge.

Therefore,the ability and knowledge are interrelated and mutually reinforcing.Both of them are the basic tasks of teaching.They are important and should not have the severity of the other.The two should be simultaneous.

(2) There are differences between knowledge and ability.The so-called difference is the knowledge and ability are two different concepts.They can not be equated.Knowledge is that people do things and a general understanding of the law objectivity.It is summed up in the social practice and is the experience of mind system/.It is also an objective law of reflection in mind.It is formed in practice and is the level of psychological development.

(3) The conversion between the knowledge and ability of certain conditions need to have mastery of knowledge and it is an indispensable prerequisite for the formation of capacity.However,the development of student ability is not in the process of imparting knowledge spontaneously carried out.The idea that learning the knowledge to develop the ability naturally,or with the natural ability to grasp the knowledge of the views are not realistic.Conversion between the knowledge and ability is the need to have certain conditions.

Therefore,when teachers are grasping the "double base" teaching,they should also create a variety of effective ways to impart knowledge and develop the ability to unify to enable students to become a new generation of knowledge and wisdom.

Facts about elephant （关于大象的知识）

Do you know what biggest living animals on land are? The answer to this question is elephant. There are two kinds of elephants. They are African elephants and Indian elephants. Elephants always eat a lot ?100-1000 pounds of grass about one day. Elephants can live up to 60-70 years .There are no bones in the back of its feet ,only flat .Isn’t it amazing ?It is also interesting to know that elephants walk on tiptoe ,so they walk quietly as well as cats .Maybe you know elephants’ trucks are very expensive . Hunters kill them to get trucks.

译文：你知道在陆地上谁是最大的动物吗？这个问题的答案是：大象。大象有两种品种，一种是美洲象，另一种则是印度象。大象每天都要吃下100至1000磅的青草。大象能活60-70岁。在它们的脚中没有一块骨头，只有脂肪。这难道不使人惊奇吗？同样有趣的还有大象用脚趾走路，所以它们走起路来象猫一样轻。也许你了解大象的象牙很值钱，猎人们为了取得象牙而杀死大象。

[大象的知识的英语作文及译文

举出实际事例来说明事物,使所要说明的事物具体化,以便读者理解,这种说明方法叫举例法.

例如:《向沙漠进军》一文中,就举出了新疆和内蒙古沙荒区治沙成功的事例,说明“沙漠是可以征服的”.

运用举事例的说明方法说明事物或事理,一要注意例子的代表性,二要注意例子的适量性.

好处：使文章表达的意思更明确,读者更明白,增强说服力.

（2）作引用(引用说明法)

引用说明法：也叫引资料.为了使说明的内容更充实具体,可以引用一些文献资料、诗词、俗语、名人名言,可使说明更具说服力.引资料的范围很广,可以是经典著作,名家名言,公式定律,典故传说,谚语俗语,诗词句等.充当说明的内容或依据来说明、介绍事物.

例如《中国石拱桥》一文,就引用了唐朝张嘉贞的话,说明赵州桥的设计和施工巧妙绝伦.

好处：形象,典型,更有说服力

（3）作比较(比较说明法)

说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象.事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来.

例如《雄伟的人民大会堂》一文中,为了说明宴会厅的建筑面积,作者运用了做比较的方法：“有五千个席位的宴会厅又是另一番景象.它的面积有七千平方米,比一个足球场还大,设计的精巧也是罕见的.”

在作比较的时候,可以是同类相比,也可以是异类相比,可以对事物进行“横比”,也可以对事物进行“纵比”.

好处：说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象.事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来.

（4）列数字(数字说明法)

为了使所要说明的事物具体化,还可以采用列数据的方法,以便读者理解.需要注意的是,引用的数字,一定要准确无误,不准确的数字绝对不能用,即使是估计的数字,也要有可靠的根据,并力求近似.

例如《死海不死》一文中说明死海的长、宽、深的文字.《雄伟的人民大会堂》一文中,也用一系列数字来说明庄严的人民大会堂是首都最宏伟的建筑之一.

好处：数字是从数量上说明事物特征或事理的最精确、最科学、最有说服力的依据.（或一方面说明更准确,另一方面使说明更具说服力,让人信服.）

（5）分类别(分类说明法)

要说明事物的特征,往往从单方面不易说清楚,可以根据形状、性质、成因、功用等属性的异同,把事物分成若干类,然后依照类别逐一加以说明.这种说明方法,叫分类别.

分类别是将复杂的事物说清楚的重要方法.

运用分类说明法,要按照一定的标准,对事物和事理的不同方面分别加以说明.

好处：将复杂的事物说清楚,

（6）打比方

利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较,以突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法叫做打比方.

说明文中的打比方的说明方法,同修辞格上的比喻是一致的.不同的是,比喻修辞有明喻、暗喻、和借喻,而说明多用明喻和暗喻,借喻则不宜使用.

例如：：石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹.就用了打比方的说明方法表现出石拱桥的基以美的感觉.

好处：抽象的事理变得具体、生动、形象.（或把事物的特征解说得确切具体、浅显易懂.）

（7）摹状貌

为了使被说明对象更形象、具体,可以进行状貌摹写,这种说明方法叫摹状貌.

如：《中国石拱桥》一文中的 “每个柱头上都雕刻着不同姿态的狮子.这些石刻狮子,有的母子相抱,有的交头接耳,有的像倾听水声,有的像注视行人,千态万状惟妙惟肖.”

注意 摹状貌与打比方是有区别的,简单来说：只要不是明显的比喻,或者只是单一的比喻,一般归入“打比方”中.

好处：为了使被说明对象更形象、具体.

（8）下定义(定义说明法)

用简明的语言对某一概念的定性的说明叫下定义.下定义能准确揭示事物的说明文常用的方法.

有时为了突出事物的主要内容和主要问题,往往用简明扼要的话给事物下定义,使读者对被说明对象有个明确的概念.例如《统筹方法》一文中,作者运用了下定义的说明方法,给统筹方法下定义：“统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法.”语言简明、扼要、准确.

下定义的时候,可以根据说明的目的需要,从不同的角度考虑.有的着重说明特性,如关于“人”的定义；有的着重说明作用,如关于“肥料”的定义；有的既说明特性又说明作用,如关于“统筹方法”和“应用科学”的定义.

好处：

（9）作诠释

从一个侧面,就事物的某一个特点做些解释,这种方法叫诠释法.

定义法和诠释法常采用“某某是什么”的语言形式.形式相同,如何区分呢?一般来说,“是”字两边的话能够互换,就是定义；如果不能互换,就是诠释.

例如,“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物”这句话,改成“能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物是人”,意思不变.“雪是在云中形成的一种固态降水物”这句话,如果改为“云中形成的固态降水物是雪”就不成.由此可以辨别,前一句是定义说明,后一句是诠释说明.

1.用形容词"very"，"single"等表示强调

eg.You are the very person Im looking for.

你就是我要找的那个人。

Red Army fought a battle on this very spot.

红军就在此地打过一仗。

Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon.

今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。

2.用反身代词表示强调

e.g.I myself will see her off at the station.

我将亲自到车站为她送行。

You can do it well yourself.

你自己能做好这件事情。

3.用助词"do/does/did+动词原形"表示强调

e.g.The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold.

那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。

Do be quiet.I told you I had a headache.

务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。

4.用"...and that"，"...and those"，等结构表示强调

e.g.They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days.

他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。

I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday.

前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。

5.用双重否定结构表示强调

e.g.There is no reason why this new immigrant should not have the same success.

完全有理由相信这些新移民应该拥有相同的成功。

A man can never have too many ties.

一个男人有再多的领带也不为过。

I cant thank you too much.

我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。

A mother can never be patient enough with her child.

I am not unfaithful to you.我对你无比忠诚。

6.用短语"in every way"，"in no way"，"by all means"，"by no means"，"only too"，"all too"，"but too"，"in heaven"，"in the world"，"in hell"，"on earth"，"under the sun"等表示强调

e.g.His behaviour was in every way perfect.

他的举止确实无可挑剔。

The news was only too true.

这消息确实是事实。

Where in heaven were you then?

当时你到底在哪里?

7.用倒装句表示强调

8.用强调句型表示强调

It is that或 It is who

e.g.It was the headmaster who opened the door for me.

正是校长为我开的门。

It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment.

就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。

【示例一】

①Recently the issue of whether or not ________(讨论话题)has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. ②There are two major arguments that can be made for. ③For one thing, ________can bring ________to________(优点一). ④For another, it is widely hold that people usually ________when ________(优点二). ⑤But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are also drawbacks to ________ , among which are ________(列举缺点). ⑥For instance, it can be ________to ________(举例说明). ⑦In addition, many people find it ________(形容词)to ________(第二个缺点).

【示例二】

①Some people are in favor of the idea of doing ________(主题). ②They point out the fact that ________(支持的第一个原因). ③They also argue that ________(支持的另一个原因).④There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. ⑤However, other people stand on a different ground. ⑥They consider it harmful to do ________. ⑦They firmly point out that ________(反对的理由).

高考英语作文模板——归纳结论段

【示例一】

①Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that ________(得出结论). ②The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that ________(给出原因).③It is high time that we ________(发出倡议).

【示例二】

①Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ________(结论). ②And with the above content, it will show more profound significance in ________(进一步总结).

以上是高三网小编整理的《2017高考英语作文10大模版》，想知道更多与高考有关的内容，请关注高三网。

“Score is not equal to knowledge,” my head teacher always keeps telling me this, because he wants us to master all the knowledge we need to understand. I do not put his word in mind, because in my heart, score comes the first.

One day, chemistry teacher taught us some knowledge and then asked us to finish a paper test.

Whoever passed the text can do the experiment. I got a high mark by guessing.

I was very happy, but tragedy happened. I made a small explosion by not mastering the knowledge. I was scared and finally understood the sentence,” Score is not Equal to Knowledge.”

“分数并不等于知识，”班主任对我说，因为他希望我们能够掌握所有需要了解的知识。我并没有把他的话放心上，因为我觉得分数是最重要的。有一天，老师教了我们一些知识，然后就让我们考试。只要通过了考试才能去做实验。我瞎猜猜得了很高分。我很高兴，但是悲剧也就发生了。因为知识不牢固而导致了一个小爆炸。我被吓到了，也终于明白了那句话，“分数并不等于知识。”

[初中英语作文：分数并不等于知识

写作题目 Knowledge or Experience

Directions： You are allowed 40 minutes to write an essay no less than 150 words on the following topic.

1.some emphasize book knowledge

2.others stress practical experience

3.which one is more important? Give your reasons to illustrate your opinion.

范文：

Which is more important in life， knowledge from the books you read， or personal experience you gain in reality? The answer may vary from person to person. The young， educated may emphasize the former， and the old may stress the later. But in my opinion， they are of the same importance.

Experience is priceless. How to become an efficient secretary? How to prepare for your first child to come into the world? There is so much experience we need in careers， in life and even in academic studies. It helps one deal with the problems with ease and confidence. Especially activities and to accumulate experience of different kinds is more crucial.

Experience， however， is limited in terms of time and space. For one thing， it is impossible for anyone to experience all the important events and meet all the famous people. For another， as the speed with which skills are obsolete and new problems crop up is unprecedented because of the fast development of society， experience is far less adequate. Depending too much on it only leads to narrow-mindedness and prejudice.

One way to compensate for it is to read books. Books of various kinds can bring us almost unlimited additional experience. From books you can not only trace back to the wisdom of our antecedents， but keep up with the latest developments of science and technology. To be sure， its secondhand experience. But it is the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. Few of us can travel around the world， or live long beyond one hundred years， but all of us can live many lives by reading books.

Both book knowledge and personal experience are essential. While experience makes one more resourceful， book knowledge makes one more learned.

[中考英语作文素材：知识和经验

From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in peoples diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%.

What has caused the great changes in peoples diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in peoples income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in peoples diet consequently dropped. So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing and people are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase more delicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.

[知识：英语作文

American people are crazy about sports, basketball, baseball and football are very popular there. Most of them take exercise everyday, there is no doubt that sports have been part of their lives. But soccer as the most popular sport around the world, meets the awkward situation in the United States.

When people talking about basketball, everybody will think about NBA in America, which is the biggest basketball match in the world. It attracts fans from all around the world. But people barely connect soccer with America, because American people show little interest in it. For the old generation, they even don’t know how the game is played.

American football is different from soccer, it needs the unique sets to protect the football players, because the rule allows the player to grab the ball and then hit other player to win the match. American football is not favored by the coutries that outside the United States. But more young people in America like to play soccer and they make some breakthroughs in the World Cup matches.

Soccer will be favored by more people, because the world is talking about it.

The cartoon given above tells us that there are two persons who are arguing with each other about the importance of book Knowledge and experience. In fact, knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include reading books, classroom activities and practice.

The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in our daily life. First of all, we can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. Second, we can also develop our analytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Last but not least, we can shuttle between the past and the future by reading books. In this way, we wont repeat the mistakes of others.

Practice, on the other hand, offers us more useful knowledge. In fact, as we all know failure is the mother of success. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful.

First we should check the wound to say how serious it is.

If it is only a small wound and bleeding a little blood,we should use some clean

gauze or cotton to press on his wound,give a little strength to stop it.

If it is bleeding harder and dark red blood bleeding in flow,wind the bandage in the distal end of the wound and then take him to the hospital.

If the wuond is bleeding seriously and the blood is fresh red,wind the bandage in the proximal endof the wound and then take him to the hospital.

常见的说明方法有举事例、分类别、列数据、作比较、画图表、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引资料等10种。写说明文要根据说明对象的特点及写作目的，选用最佳方法。以下是小编整理的关于说明文说明方法及特点，欢迎阅读参考。

说明文说明方法

（1）举例子。

举出实际事例来说明事物，使所要说明的事物具体化，以便读者理解，这种说明方法叫举例法。如：

一般人总以为，年龄稍大，记忆能力就一定要差，其实不然，请看实验结果：国际语言学会曾对9至18岁的青年与35岁以上的成年人学习世界语作过一个比较，发现前者就不如后者的记忆力好。这是因为成年人的知识、经验比较丰富，容易在已有的知识基础上，建立广泛的联系。这种联系，心理学上称为“联想”。人的记忆就是以联想为基础的，知识经验越丰富，越容易建立联想，记忆力就会相应提高。马克思五十多岁时开始学俄文，六个月后，他就能津津有味地阅读著名诗人与作家普希金、果戈里和谢德林等人的原文著作了。这是由于语言知识丰富，能够通晓很多现代和古代的语言的缘故。

这段文章要说明的是：年龄稍大，记忆力不一定就差。为了说明这一点，作者先提供了实验结果，又分析了原因。到此为止，未尝不可，但不够具体，也缺乏说服力，于是，又举出了一个实例：马克思在五十多岁的时候，只用六个月时间便精通了俄语。这样一来，内容具体了，说服力增强了。

说明文中的举事例的说明方法和议论文中的例证法，都可以起到使内容具体、加强说服力的作用。但二者又有区别。议论文中的事例，是用来证明观点的，说明文的事例，是用来介绍知识的。

运用举事例的说明方法说明事物或事理，一要注意例子的代表性，二要注意例子的适量性。

（2）分类别。

将被说明的对象，按照一定的标准划分成不同的类别，一类一类地加以说明，这种说明方法，叫分类别。

分类别是将复杂的事物说清楚的重要方法。

运用分类别方法要注意分类的标准，一次分类只能用同一个标准，以免产生重叠交叉的现象。例如：“图书馆的藏书有中国的、古典的、外国的、科技的、文学的、现代的以及政治经济方面的等。”这里用了不只一个标准，所以表达不清。正确的说法应该是：

图书馆的藏书，按国别分，有中国的、外国的；按时代分，有古典的、现代的；按性质分，有科技的、文学的以及政治经济方面的等。

这样，每次分类只用一个标准，就眉目清楚了。

有的事物的特征、本质需要分成几点或几个方面来说，也属于分类别。

注意，运用分类别方法，所列举的种类不能有遗漏。

（3）列数据。

为了使所要说明的事物具体化，还可以采用列数据的方法，以便读者理解。需要注意的是，引用的数字，一定要准确无误，不准确的数字绝对不能用，即使是估计的数字，也要有可靠的根据，并力求近似。

（4）作比较。

说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。

在作比较的时候，可以是同类相比，也可以是异类相比，可以对事物进行“横比”，也可以对事物进行“纵比”。

（5）画图表。

为了把复杂的事物说清楚，还可以采用图表法，来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠，对有些事物解说更直接、更具体。

（6）下定义。

用简明的语言对某一概念的本质特征作规定性的说明叫下定义。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质，是科技说明文常用的方法。

下定义的时候，可以根据说明的目的需要，从不同的角度考虑。有的着重说明特性，如关于“人”的定义；有的着重说明作用，如关于“肥料”的定义；有的既说明特性又说明作用，如关于“统筹方法”和“应用科学”的定义。

①人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物。

②肥料是能供给养分使植物生长的物质。

③统筹方法，是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。

④工程技术的科学叫做应用科学，它是应用自然科学的基础理论来解决生产实践中出现的问题的学问。

无论从什么角度考虑，无论采用什么方式，只要是下定义，就必须揭示事物的本质，只有这样的定义才是科学的。比如，有人说：“人是两足直立的动物。”这个定义就是不科学的，因为它没能揭示事物的本质。“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物。”这才是科学的定义，因为它揭示了人的本质。

（7）作诠释。

从一个侧面，就事物的某一个特点做些解释，这种方法叫诠释法。

定义法和诠释法常采用“某某是什么”的语言形式。形式相同，如何区分呢？一般来说，“是”字两边的话能够互换，就是定义；如果不能互换，就是诠释。

例如，“人是能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物”这句话，改成“能制造工具并使用工具进行劳动的高级动物是人”，意思不变。“雪是在云中形成的一种固态降水物”这句话，如果改为“云中形成的固态降水物是雪”就不成。由此可以辨别，前一句是定义说明，后一句是诠释说明。

（8）打比方。

利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较，以突出事物的性状特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法叫做打比方。

（9）摹状貌。

为了使被说明对象更形象、具体，可以进行状貌摹写，这种说明方法叫摹状貌。

（10）引资料。

为了使说明的内容更充实具体，可以引资料说明。引资料的范围很广，可以是经典著作，名家名言，公式定律，典故谚语等。       一篇说明文单用一种说明方法很少，往往综合运用多种说明方法。采用什么说明方法，一方面服从内容的需要，另一方面作者有选择的自由。是采用一种说明方法，还是采用多种说明方法，是采用这种说明方法，还是那种说明方法，可以灵活，不是一成不变的。

说明文特点

以说明为主是说明文与其他文体从表达方式上区别的标志。

在各种文章样式中，说明文体是一种客观的说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。在人们的社会生活中，说明文越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值。现实生活充分表明，说明文不是一种无足轻重的文章形式，而是运用范围极为广泛的常用文体，它与人们的生产、工作和生活的关系相当密切，而且由于社会生活的需要，说明文写作正在大量涌现，并更多地融入到我们生活。(内容具有高度科学性；结构具有清晰的条理性；语言具有严密准确性)。

说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识，或者来自有关科学研究资料，或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得，都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白，就必须把握事物的特征，进而揭示出事物的本质属性，即不仅要说明“是什么”，还要说明“为什么”。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征，阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。

说明文是客观地说明事物或阐明事理的一种文体。目的在于给人以知识：或说明事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理。《中国石拱桥》属于前者，它以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明中国石拱桥“不但形式优美，而且结构坚固”的特征。《大自然的语言》属于后者，文章科学地说明了物候学知识。说明事物特点和阐明事理是说明文的两种类型。

为了把事物特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，必须有相适应的说明方法。常见的说明方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引用、画图表（作图表）等。写说明文要根据说明对象和写作目的，选用最佳方法。采用什么说明方法，一方面服从内容的需要，另一方面作者有选择的自由。是采用某一种说明方法，还是采用多种说明方法，是采用这种说明方法，还是那种说明方法，可以灵活，不是一成不变的。

说明文虽是以说明为主要表达方式的一类文种，但若没有其他表达方式（如叙述、议论、描写等）的恰当配合，则无法圆满地完成向读者介绍事物、解释事理的任务；而从学习写作说明文的角度讲，如果能确切了解表达方式的综合运用在说明文中的重要作用，注意准确使用叙述、议论等方式来辅助说明，说明文就能写得有声有色，文采斐然。

1、关于这个问题，大家意见不同。

Opinions are divided about/on the problem.

2、百分之八十的学生喜欢校服。

Eighty percent of the students like school uniforms.

3、他们认为校服设计得好。

They think the uniforms are well designed.

4、其余的人对校服不感兴趣。

Therest are not interested in school uniforms.

5、三分之一的学生住得离学校近。

One third of the students live near their school.

6、一半多学生要花50分钟才能到学校。

More than half of the students spend 50 minutes on the way to school.

7、很少的人坐小汽车上学。

Few of them go to school by car.

8、2020年，这个城市将会有三百万辆汽车。

There will be 3 million cars in the city in 2020.

9、他们每天花一个半小时做作业。

It takes them an hour and a half to do their homework every day.

10、他们学了一年多英语了。

They have learned English for more than a year.

一、问号

问号要用在一个直接的问句，而不是间接的。

如：How will you solve the problem? 是正确的用法，但用在I wonder how you will solve the problem?就不对了，应该使用句点而不是问号。

另外，在客气的用语中，也是用句点而不是问号。

如：Will you please give me a call tomorrow.

二、句点

1.句点用于当一句话完全结束时。

2.句点也可以用于英文单词的缩写。如：Mrs. | Dr. | P.S. 等。但要注意的是当缩写的字母形成了一个单词的时候就不要使用句点。如：IBM, DNA 等。

三、感叹号

感叹号用于感叹和惊叹的陈述中，在商业写作中要注意感叹号的应用，因为不恰当的使用会显得突兀及不稳重。

四、分号

1.与中文一样，分号用于分隔地位平等的独立子句。在某些情况下，使用分号比使用句点更显出子句之间的紧密联系，另外分号也经常与连接副词 thus, however, therefore一起使用。

如：I realize I need exercise; however, Ill lie down first to think about it.

2.在句子中如果已经使用过逗点，为了避免歧义的产生，就用分号来分隔相似的内容。

如：The employees were Tom Hanks, the manager; Jim White, the engineer; and Dr. Jack Lee.

[英语六级作文必备标点符号使用方法知识

1、要“全”不要“漏”。例如有道作文题是：请以“语文学习的外延和生活的外延相等”这句名言进行立意，联系自己学习语文的实际，写一篇不少于800 字的文章。此题除题目与字数的要求外，从内容角度看有以下两点要注意：一是要理解“语文学习的外延和生活的外延相等”这句话，并将它化为自己的观点;二是要联系自己学习语文的实际来发表看法。只谈语文学习和生活的关系而不联系自己的实际，就属于“漏”掉了要求，作文评分是要降等的。谈语文学习和生活的关系也要从两方面来理解，概括才全面。即生活离不开语文;语文要在生活中学习。这是文章的观点。文章思路应为，我在生活中是怎样用语文的，在生活中是怎样学语文的。

2、要“准”不要“偏”。 2000年的高考以“答案是丰富多采的”为话题作文，有个考生将话题限制为“人生的答案是丰富多采的”，并巧妙地以“选择题、填空题、判断题和问答题”四种形式来说明人们应该如何回答人生答卷。他用选择题说明我们要面对人生的大是大非问题时要作出正确的选择;用填空题说明在人生的填空题上，我们要填充适合自己的知识;用判断题说明对他人和各种社会现象给出自己的判断，即使可能会有所损失，也要敢于坚持自我;用问答题说明我们要学会独立处理问题。最后照应话题并启示读者：“在人生这张大考卷上，问题看似简单，答案看似丰富多采，但真要交出一份满意的答案，远非想象中的简单。你会如何做答呢?”根据“答案是丰富多采的”的题意，考生作文中写的各种“答案”都应该是正确的。因为材料中关于四个图形的解说，也是“由于标准和角度的不同，这四个图形都可以作为正确答案”，而且，“丰富多采”是个褒义词，显然排出错误的答案。但是本文所说的四种题型的“答案”有正误、取舍之分，所以这篇文章尽管构思新颖，但偏了题。

3、莫把话题当命题。2000年高考作文题要求以“答案是丰富多采的”为话题写作文，很多考生以这句话为论点作文，因而思路拓展不开，缺少自已的创见。

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.

For those of you who are unfamiliar with the game I would like to give a brief introduction. 2 teams of 11 players compete on a soccer field at once. They can only touch the ball with their feet, head and chest. If they use their hands, the ball is given to the other team. Only the goalie can use hands. The objective is for each team to score on the opposing teams goal.

In 2004, the president of the International Confederation of Association Football, or FIFA for short, confirmed that soccer originated from China during the Warring States Period in 476-221 B.C. However, even though they followed the no-hands rule it was still very different from the soccer we know and love today.

Soccer changed and developed over the next centuries as it traveled through different countries around the world.

Modern day soccer started in England about 200 years ago. In May 21 1904, FIFA was established in Paris. From 1930, a World Cup would be held every 4 years.

Soccer is already a sport that we need in our life. There are about 800 thousand teams that usually play in matches. There are about 40 million players that signed up. There are a 100 thousand professional players.

As I mentioned before, traditionally, soccer matches have consisted of 11 players; however, now other competitive options are available including, five on five, seven on seven, and even beach soccer.

Soccer is really a sport that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and ability. I have loved playing for more than half of my life and I know that if you start today you will too.

孔子《论语》中的这个经典语句可谓家喻户晓，一句“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”道出了中华民族作为礼仪之邦的特点。在托福中，这句话可以应用在关于friendship的文章，这句话直译过来说的是：有朋友从很远的地方来看你难道不是一件很开心的事情吗?通过中文理解，我们知道这句话所强调的部分是：一件很开心的事情。“开心”有很多词汇可以选择，常用的有happy和glad，高级一点的有enjoyable和pleasant，再高级一点的还有incredible和delightful。应用到实际写作中，可以使用it is 做一个强调句来凸显这句话的特点，例如：

It’s delightful to have friends from distant lands。

在这个句子中，除了deightful以外，其他句子成分都很平常，每个人都会写，所以即使是评卷人看到这个句子也不会觉得稀奇，那么作为强调句，恰好是delightful这个词，代表了一种发自心底的喜悦和开心，让读过这个句子的人都有眼前一亮的感觉，这也就达到了强调句的作用。

然而happy和glad也都有快乐之意，但是和delightful相比就显得不够级别了，明显高兴的程度不一样，delightful更能显示一种喜悦带来的兴奋，迎接千里迢迢来访的朋友这样的表达最恰当不过了。可以起到强调作用的句型结构有很多，我们能够用到的同位语从句和倒装句都有这样的作用，例如：

It is an undeniable fact that human activities harm the Earth。

这句话中that后边引导的就是要强调的内容，即an undeniable fact. 为了突出harm the Earth是一个不可否认的事实，做成这样一个句子。

Only through effective measures can the government resolve the dispute。

这句话强调的就是only后边的effective measures，而且翻译过来是只有同过有效的措施，强调的唯一性，无二法门。