高考英语写作模拟题(经典20篇)

Dear David ，

I’m glad that you’ve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental

protection。

Thank you for your concern 。

As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution , our

government encourages us to use environmental –friendly shopping bags。

These

bags are made of a variety of materials that can be easily treated when they bee

rubbish。 Besides， they can be reused 。 More and more people have realized the

advantages of such bags and started using them 。

I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our

environment 。This is one of the many steps we are to make our country an even

cleaner place。

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted. Generally speaking, there are several reasons accounting for /behind this phenomenon. Firstly, recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of people’s living standards. As a result, cars gained ever-increasing popularity and have found their way into our everyday life. Secondly, people participate in more activities or banquets than ever before, where they will drink liquor/strong wine. Then, they may get drunk but continue to drive.

Drunken driving is bound to generate severe consequence if we keep turning a blind eye to it. Firs and foremost, this behavior will directly threaten the safety of drivers, passengers and pedestrians/goers, resulting in traffic accidents, injuries and even deaths. Besides, treating the injured and repairing broken cars mean a grievous waste of money, time and resources. Last but not least, this irresponsible driving will make the road a nightmare, and thus, it will causes serious losses of faith in governments and the society.

In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things gget worse. First, it is essential that the supervisory role of laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those performing drunken driving. Secondly, the public, especially drivers, should enhance their awareness of public safety. With stringent laws and alert public, it will only a matter of time for drunken driving to become things of past.

[酒驾高考英语满分作文

写作词汇提升是把“阅读词汇”转化为“写作词汇”的过程。举个例子，当我在课堂上问及大家“害怕”这个词英文表达的时候，很多同学不加思维的就告诉我是“afraid”，我再问大家这个词是什么时候学的时候，很多人恍然大悟，原来词汇早在初中甚至是小学的时候就学过了。那么，考研阅卷的老师如何以“afraid”这个词判断你到底是一个合格的大学毕业生还是一个仅仅上过初中的同学呢，现在我们就不难理解为什么考研写作的平均分只有满分的一半了。

当我们翻开大学的英语课本我们会发现，在大学的四年中(甚至只是大一大二的两年中)我们就学过很多表示“害怕”但却比“afraid”要高级的多的词汇，比如：horror，scared，astonished 等等。这当中的任何一个词都会比afraid得的分数要高，这就是所谓的高级词汇取代低级词汇的过程。

现在，我们就要树立一个思想，写作的最小组成单位是词汇，词汇有低级的(baby words)也有高级的(advanced words)，想要得到考研写作高分的第一步就是要有意识的在写作中用高级词汇去取代相对低级的词汇，从而反映出自己的词汇表现能力(lexical resource)。

英语写作技巧二、句型 —— 学会自创简单句

考研写作最基本的句式称之为“自创句”。“自创句”是根据所要表达的含义完全自主创作的英文句子，其基础是语法知识。阅读时不理解某些语法现象仍然能理解文章，而写作要求精确，是和语法联系最为紧密的语言功能。其中，简单句是一切句子的基础，简单句的创作可三步走：

1. 根据句义确定唯一的谓语动词。

2. 根据动词种类(无宾、单宾、双宾、宾补或系动词)补全句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语等。

3. 注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的一致。

英语写作技巧三、构思 —— 学习英文独特的思想表达方式

当我们有了高级的词汇和复杂的句型之后，是不是就一定能写出高分的作文了呢?不一定。写作是一个人思维的理性表达，因此，对于写作来说，思维方式的优劣更是一篇文章好与坏的根本性的指向标。

英文有自己独特的思想表达模式，要学会用英文的表达模式写作。所以建议大家在夯实词汇、句型之后多读多背多写，练习地道的英文写作思维方式。阅读和背诵是积累语言素材的关键，《新概念》序言中甚至提到“只写读过的语言”。在此基础之上，“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，阅读背诵素材之后，写作提高需要大量的实战演习

2015年11月，全国中东部地区17省市持续雾霾，陷入大范围的重度和严重污染。造成这一现象的主要原因是工厂排出的废气和汽车尾气等。绿色低碳，保护环境，从我们身边小事做起。现请你根据以下三个方面的提示，以“Let’s Do Something to Save Our Environment”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。

内容包括：

1.重要性：只有一个地球。

2.主要问题：污染、疾病、灾难。

3.措施：停止污染、保护大自然。

Let’s Do Something to save Our Environment

We all live on the earth. The earth is our home. We have only one earth. We must take care of it. It gives us the best environment. If we harm it, it will be angry. And then we will have a terrible end. There are three problems in our earth, they are pollution, disaster and illness.

It’s our duty to protect our environment. So we must plant more trees, protect the flowers and the trees, save energy, reduce the pollution. We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.

Protecting the nature is very important. It’s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.

If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.

常用写作方法帮助你高考作文获得高分的技巧

高考作文是非常重要的一个试题，是高考语文拉开分数的题目之一。记叙文是高考作文常考的文体，掌握一定的记叙文写作技巧是得高分的必要手段。下面文章为大家介绍高考记叙文的写作技巧。

一、一线串珠

内涵：记叙文的线索是贯穿全文、将材料串联起来的一条主线，它把文章的各个部分联结成一个统一和谐的有机体。如果说丰富而生动的材料是一颗颗珍珠，那么线索就是将这些珍珠串联起来的一条线。

记叙文的线索主要有实物、人物、事件、时间、地点以及作者的思想感情等。无论采取何种线索，都必须从表现文章的中心思想和体现各种材料之间的内在联系出发，灵活巧妙地确定。这是高考记叙文的写作技巧之一。

二、以小见大

内涵：就是以小题材表现大主题的方法。生活中有些材料看起来似乎很平常，却包含了深刻的意义。

“一滴水也可以反映太阳的光辉”。只要善于透过现象发现本质，小材料同样能反映深刻的主题，所以以小见大也是高考记叙文的写作技巧。在写作中对形象进行强调、取舍、浓缩，以独到的想象抓住一点或一个局部加以集中描写或延伸放大，以更充分地表达记叙文主题思想。这种艺术处理以一点观全面，以小见大，从不全到全，给写作者带来了很大的灵活性和无限的表现力，同时为读者提供了广阔的想象空间，获得生动的情趣和丰富的联想。

以上内容是对高考记叙文的写作技巧的介绍，希望能够给同学们提供帮助。高考作文光有技巧也不能成就高分，所以，同学们在平时应该多阅读优秀文摘，注意词句积累，临摹好的写作手法，并且在复习过程中经常进行写作练手。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

高考英语中常见的话题有哪些呢?下面是语文迷整理的十五大高考英语话题作文素材，希望对你有帮助。

一、面对挑战的感悟

Looking back on this, I realize that whatever challenges I am faced with, I will spare no effort and never give up. I’m sure to achieve final victory and become what I should be.

二、怎样看待司机的行为?

After reading the passage, I felt very angry with the driver. It was what he did that did shock me. I can’t believe the driver is so cruel. Generally speaking, the responsibility of a bus driver is to serve people. However, the driver is short of essential occupational morality. Having known the woman’s arm was stuck in the bus door, he continued to drive his bus. What an evil-minded driver!

三、对交友的看法

In my view, it takes time to build good relationship with others. You can’t expect to become good friends with someone soon after you meet him. You also can’t expect to become good friends with others if you do not spend time with them.

四、对心理问题的看法

As far as I’m concerned, mental problems are serious problems both in universities and middle schools. I believe physical and mental health is more important than good grades. Therefore, parents and teachers should first pay attention to students’ feelings. Only when they feel it fun to study, can they learn their lessons well.

五、对网络教育的看法

Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It can provide different learners with more flexible ways to learn. Most of all, with online education, we can absorb the latest knowledge.

六、怎样应对同伴压力

First of all, since the whole world is full of peer pressure, we have to know that it is not easy for us to avoid it. Secondly, find out the truth about something and you’ll really feel better.

七、态度决定一切的启示

Different attitudes lead to different results. Take Xiao Hua for example, He’s my classmate. He always puts his heart into study, so he has become a top student in our class. With his diligence and concentration, he’s bound to succeed in the entrance examination. However, Xiao Li never cares about his study and turns a deaf ear to the teachers’ advice. As a result, he falls far behind others in his study.

八、对…行为的看法

As for me, Marry is really great because she’s ready to do…that seems very small. Maybe what she is doing is very common in others’ eyes but it will play an important role in our daily life.

九、目标的重要性(看法)

I was greatly inspired by such a story as it makes me realize the power of a goal in shaping one’s success and gives me strength to pursue my goal despite the hardships I’m to go through.

In my opinion, goals are important in our life. To begin with, as goals often enables us to be positive to ups and downs in our life. Moreover, bearing goals in mind, we’re less likely to be distracted from our way to success. Finally, as goals are what we’re longing for, they thus can motivate us to strive for greater achievements, making our life more fulfilling(令人满意的).

十、对考验的感受

From the story I’ve learned that the trials of life are of great importance in our growth. As the saying goes, “No cross, no crown(不经历风雨怎么见彩虹).” Only by facing and overcoming difficulties in our life can we grow up happily and healthily.

十一、对中学生活的感受

As for me, a student from the country, what I do every day is to devote myself to realizing my dream of attending a key university. So I seldom have time to do outdoor activities. Anyway, I’ve become more independent and as a student of boarding school, my experience has become a benefit in my future college life.

十二、有关命运转折点的启示

The passage inspired me greatly as I come to know that the happiness of life lies in our own hands. Although he was hopeless in any sport at school, He didn’t give up. Despite what others say about him, he made up his mind to improve himself push his body to the limit. With his determination and perseverance, he made a difference in his life.

十三、对街头食品的看法

As far as I’m concerned, I often purchase some street food on my way to school in the morning because it is very convenient to me. As a student, I can’t spend much time waiting or eating in a restaurant. It is well-known that street food is very popular in cities and towns because they are tasty, quick and cheap, which attract a large number of customers every day. Most of them are so busy with their study and work that they can’t spare much time to enjoy their meals.

十四、如何更好地鼓励孩子学习

To get kids motivated to learn, I think we should not treat every child in the same way. To some kids, oral praise is essential. Don’t save the praise for only the top score. If possible, involve other adults in praising them. However, this method may not work well with other kids. Maybe what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents. It just depends.

十五、如何适应大学生活

As far as I’m concerned, college life differs from middle school life a lot. So I think the ideal university life should help me get well prepared for society, including obtaining academic knowledge.

I think I will take an active part in all kinds of activities, as well as study hard to achieve my ideal university life.

话题作文的题目大，范围宽，选材有一定的难度，每每让学生难以下手。下面是小编整理的话题作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

1、不要把话题当文章。话题作文的导语提供的是写作范围，并非作文题目。人家的话题是什么，你就以什么为题，否则就有可能出现不应有的失误，出力不讨好。

2、不要以为“文体不限”就是“不要文体”。如果不管文体，信马由缰，文章就会不伦不类。所以一定要选定一种文体，然后按这一文体的有关要求写作。

3、不要摘录导语。不少考生误将导语作为材料作文的“材料”，一开篇就“引”入文中，然后才开始或编述故事，或展开议论，这样的开篇自然也就成为文章的一大败笔。

4、不要泛泛而谈。有些学生“拿”起话题就写，根本没考虑“大题小做”，浮光掠影，泛泛而谈，致使作文中充满了大话、假话、空话、套话，全文找不出明晰的中心。

5、不要游离“话题”。少数同学对“话题”不假思索，写出来的文章根本没有触及话题，甚至与“话题有关的词眼也找不到，完全成了自由作文。因此，写作前一定要读懂“话题”，写作中一定要扣住话题。其实，有的文章只要在恰当的地方点示一下话题，文章就不担心离题了。

其实质也就是有些地方所说“时评类”作文，其本质还依然是材料作文，只是在材料的基础上，增加了明确的指向性任务，意在增强写作的目的性、防止套作。这种作文题重在考查学生对一事物或社会现象的态度与看法，思维的深度与广度，表达的清晰与晓畅。因此，在写作这类作文时，有些基本的东西是必不可少的，只有具备了其中的基本要素，才能达到要求;只有具备了其中的基本框架，才能在考场中立于不败之地。

任务驱动型作文的基本框架有哪些构件组成呢?笔者认为，有如下五部分。

(一)一个响亮的标题

就是在审题的基础上，明确立意，选择写作的角度，拟定一个有抢眼的题目。这个标题应尽量是从材料中抽取而出的“核心立意”，并就此选取材料中关键词句加以组合而成的简洁短语或句子。尽力不用态度而用看法或观点。能运用约定俗成的词句加以改造更为上策。能标新立异就更加理想。

(二)引述+表态+观点

正文第一段就用“引述+表态+观点”的形式，以达到“闪亮登场”的效果。引述可是直接的，也可以是间接的，但必须是有针对性的。表态一定要坚决、果断和明确。观点的呈现，不要拖泥带水，而要开门见山。

(三)分点分层阐述理由

有了态度与观点，没有理由就站不住脚。因此，作文的第三步必然阐述你的理由。阐述一定要具有条理性，就是分点;还要注意内容的层次性，如由浅及深，由表及里，有具体到抽象等。如此才能展示一个学生思维的深广度。

(四)进一步深入阐述

这个步骤一般的同学很难发挥。到底要怎样才能深入呢?笔者认为，最基本的办法就是针对问题提出可行的有时代意义的解决方法，即解决问题。另外，还可以“横向拓展”“纵向挖掘”和进行简易的批驳。尤其是反驳，可以预设反方，然后，进行委婉的劝说，以体现作者思维的周密性，达到任务型作文“文明说理”的要求。

(五)联系实际，快速收尾。

任何一篇文章都要考虑其现实意义，如果没有了现实意义，该文章就逊色许多。因此，学生习作也好，考场作文也好，联系实际是必需的。但是，这一环节不能太婆婆妈妈，应如一部乐曲演奏完毕，戛然而止、曲终人散、回味无穷。

一篇习作具备了上述五个部件构建而成，已是有模有样、中规中矩，若能加上一些必备的调味品，如菜肴之于姜葱蒜，而后定然可取得高分好评。

【实例品析】

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

为了督促学生学习，某职业技术学院的焦老师想出在课后用微信发红包的“新招”，对出勤率高、学习成绩好和上课认真的同学，都发了红包。此举一出，他的课学生没一个逃课，课堂气氛活跃，师生关系变好。此事传出，该校老师和学生表示认可，觉得这个做法有新意。媒体报道后，引发争议，有家长明确反对老师这种做法，认为用“钱”引导学生上课，会让孩子变得功利，使教育变味。

对以上这件事，你怎么看?请就焦老师、学生或家长的表现，表明自己的态度，阐述自己的看法。要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，完成写作任务。

范文

教书育人也应有“新招”

梁祝

(标题简洁、响亮)

为了督促学生学习，某职业技术学院的焦老师想出在课后用微信发红包的“新招”，对出勤率高、学习成绩好和上课认真的同学，都发了红包。此举一出，师生认可，又在社会上引发了争议，还有家长认为这样会使教育变味。我认为，焦老师是个敢于创新的老师。在如此沉闷的教育背景下，教书育人也的确应该有新招，才能激活教育的正能量。(引述+态度+观点)

首先，传统的育人方式是以班级集体授课制为主，以灌输为主的应试教育让学生们抵触厌烦，远远达不到教育的目的。在这样的情况下，老师们“八仙过海，各显神通”，采用一些新的顺应时代的招数，本是理所应当的，只有不断更新方法，才能不断激活学习的动力。

其次，微信发红包的新招效果明显。大焦老师的课没有一个逃课，课堂气氛活跃，师生关系很好。暂且不论其效果的持久性，但就这点，已经证明新招的可行性。

其三，如果能把“发红包”这种新事物与传统的教书育人方法有机整合起来，还可以给人们提供一种新的思维和教育理念。如在互联网时代，用好移动技术，对学生进行时时处处地引导与教育，定能激发出无数的能量。因此，焦老师的新招肯定能在教育界激发波波涟漪。(分点分层阐述理由)

有家长明确反对老师这种做法，认为用“钱”引导学生上课，会让孩子变得功利，使教育变味。的确，现代学生本就生长在“物欲横流”的环境中，一味用钱去引导学习，极有可能变得功利，使教育变味。但是，教育不能因存在某种风险而畏首畏尾或举步不前。只要是“在课后”，“用小钱”，方式恰当，不变本加厉，在红包激励的同时仍以精神感化、正面教育为主线，发红包这样的新举动一定能在教育中起到重要的激活辅助作用。(预设反方，简易批驳)

古语云：亲其师，信其道。发红包能让学生更亲近其师，“信其道”就不言而喻了。又云：教学相长。学生的学习热情因红包而唤起，那么，学生的热情必然会影响老师的激情，终将达到“相长”的目的。教师的魅力关键在于学术与人格。一个教师若能紧紧依靠自身的学术与人格魅力，辅以新巧的方法，定能让各种因素相得益彰，形成合力，促进教书育人功能的巨大提高。(横向拓展)

如今，我国的教育因各种原因而困难重重，多几个像焦老师那样不甘平庸、敢于创新的老师，拿出更多的新招，必然能冲破重重阴霾，走向教育强国的康庄大道。(联系实际，快速收尾)

【点评】

这一篇习作基本按照五部分基本框架来写，说理清晰，有条理，有深度，也有广度，适度的引用名言，具有较强的时代意义，是一篇难得的考生值得参照的优秀作文。

方法之二：依事设问，分层论述

面对叙事体新材料任务驱动型作文，许多同学不知所措，莫衷一是。在此，介绍一种十分基本实用的方法，即“依事设问，分层论述”，它既能解决无话可说的问题，又可以凭此提升深入阐述事理的能力。

方法指导：

1.依据任务梳理材料，选定角度，表明你的态度，发表你的看法或观点。

2.从材料出发，引述材料，分析并提出新颖、与众不同的中心论点(标题)。

3.依事设问，列好提纲，分层论述。

【实例解析】

阅读下面材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的议论文。

在上海地铁上，一男子因随地吐痰遭到指责后，竟不停地用污言秽语和指责他的乘客对骂，一黑衣壮汉忍不住，拨开人群走到“吐痰男”跟前踢去一脚，吐痰男顿时安静下来，一语不发，此时，有出来劝架的乘客指责“黑衣男”：“打人是不对的。”更多的人则认可黑衣男的做法。这段视频被上传到网络后，引起更大范围、更多角度的讨论。

对于以上事情你怎么看?请你就其中某一个或某一群人的表现，表明你的态度，阐述你的看法，要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，标题自拟。

分角色梳理

人物：吐痰男

所做的事：公共场所随地吐痰，遭责后与乘客对骂，被踢一脚，安静、一言不发。

我的态度：恶其陋行，幸遇强人。

我的看法：文明拒绝粗鄙;社会秩序，人人有责;

人物：黑衣男

所做的事：忍不住，拨开，踢，制止了对骂与吵闹。

我的态度：扬其勇气，短其不足。

我的看法：以黑制黑，行不行?文明创建需有法制的保障;以错治错，并非正义。

人物：乘客

所做的事：少数指责黑衣男，多数认可，更多议论。

我的态度：赞少贬多

我的看法：法制意识淡薄是不文明的根;当局者往往易迷;狭隘的英雄主义要不得。

1.选择角度，确定主旨

如选定“吐痰男”，确定“可怕的不文明”为主旨。

2.依事设问，列好提纲

提纲

(1)吐痰男行为的性质与危害性?

(2)吐痰男行为产生的根源?

(3)遇上这种不文明的行为该如何对待?

(4)怎样解决这种社会问题?

(5)假设反方，适度批驳

范文

：

可怕的不文明

——梁祝

地铁上，一男子随地吐痰，遭到指责后，还不停地用污言秽语跟乘客们对骂，直到被另一黑衣男踢了一脚才安静下来，一语不发。我对吐痰男的这种言行举止深恶痛绝，他的这种非一般的不文明是十分可怕的，它映射出国人的劣根。

吐痰男的言行是怎样的行为?在公共场合随地吐痰，实是不卫生不文明之举，遭到指责后竟与人们恶语相加，这就不是一般的不文明，而是素质极差，性格有缺陷。这种知错还不改的偏执的人，只能算是人渣或是问题青年。一个人在公共场合随地吐痰，也许是平时卫生习惯不好所致，纯属个人习惯问题。但被人指出来后仍不知悔改，还口出秽语，想为自己辩护，连最起码的“羞耻心”也荡然无存，这个问题就严重了。轻则说明他品行缺失，重则说明他心灵扭曲。要知道：一个连最起码的羞耻感都没有的人，肯定不成其为人;一个连羞耻感也没有的民族也肯定是个没希望的民族。

吐痰男为什么会这样呢?这也许跟他成长的环境有关，子不教，父母之过;也许跟学校教育有关，如今学校教育重成绩、重智育，轻德育、轻做人。培养出不少外表有模样，内在缺素养的青年。也许是一个个案，但它至少是我们社会的一份子，他的言行举止跟社会环境息息相关。不管是什么原因，一个孩子的不良和失足肯定与教育缺失大大关联的。

遇上这种不文明的行为，我们该如何对待?一味地当众指责，恐伤其脸面，就是损伤了年轻人的自尊，才导致本就素质不高的吐痰男与乘客对骂。黑衣男的一脚，虽暂时让吐痰男心火熄灭，但是否从心里服气，认识自己的错误并感到愧疚呢?不得而知。这种“以黑制黑”的方式，不一定能达到“以黑治黑”的效果，甚至，适得其反。我认为，对这种不良的行为，最好是善意的劝说，既维护了当事者的面子，又悄无声息地让他反省;其次是制定强有力的处罚制度，加上不折不扣的执法;其三是提高国民的整体素质。让“社会秩序，人人有责”“文明拒绝粗鄙”等成为公众的意识。只要有健康的土壤，文明之花才会遍地开放。

有人说，不就随地吐一口痰吗?至于如此大做文章吗?固然，一口痰是小事，很快就随风蒸发。然而，如果这个人的痰里携带病毒呢?如果人人都这么认为呢?那公共场所的环境文明有谁来维护?我们将生活在怎样的一个社会中?

我们的国家人特别多，尤其是公共场合。如果没有良好的秩序与环境，如果没有正确的公共卫生意识，文明从何谈起?如今，我们的国家发展了，人们的生活富裕了，建设和谐文明的小康社会已成为中国人的追求与梦想。而文明需要从我做起，精心培育出健康的土壤。那就让我们携手共进，一起创建美丽的家园吧!

【点评】

这篇习作很适合于刚开始写作任务型作文的同学，当你不知从何说起时，先依事设问，列好提纲，然后在行文中，分层进行论述，也能完成一篇不错的考场作文。

方法之三：紧扣中心，夹叙夹议

在任务驱动型作文的背景下，有的同学是束手无策，甚至连800字的文章都难于完成，为此，特介绍“紧扣中心，夹叙夹议”的方法，让多数同学能够在考场上完成基本任务，拿到基本分。

什么叫做“紧扣中心”?

就是前提必需在阅读材料的基础上，梳理、抓住核心话题，确立文章主旨，然后，以这主旨为纲，紧紧围绕，不离不弃。

什么叫做“夹叙夹议”?

就是边叙边议。从材料出发，分节叙述，分别表明自己的态度，分别进行评论，阐述自己的看法或观点。如此依葫芦画瓢，若能论述得深刻到位，依旧可以写出上乘的考场习作。

【实例解析】

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。

杭州图书馆允许拾荒者、无业游民入馆，让他们在设有空调的图书馆内免费阅读、看影视、上网、听音乐。图书馆对他们的唯一要求，就是把手洗干净再阅读。这个做法已经坚持了十余年。因此，杭州图书馆被称为“史上最温暖的图书馆”。

曾经有读者对身边的流浪者散发异味而感到不满，无法接受，说允许他们进图书馆是对其他人的不尊重。对此，馆长回答，我无权拒绝他们入馆读书，您如觉不便可更换座位，或者选择离开。

要求：你对上述事件有何看法?请就图书馆或读者一方表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。不要脱离材料内容及涵义的范围作文。

范文

阅读不分贵贱

梁祝

杭州图书馆允许拾荒者、无业游民入馆，让他们在设有空调的图书馆内免费阅读、看影视、上网、听音乐。这样的举动，这样在阅读面前不分贵贱的包容意识，我举双手赞成。

公共图书馆本来就应该面对大众，当然不可拒绝弱势群体如“拾荒者”，要不就不叫“公共”了。设立图书馆的初衷也是鼓励全社会的人民热爱读书，为喜爱读书的人民提供一个好的场所，无业游民等是社会的一员，他们爱读书学习，难能可贵，更应提供好的条件。阅读本身不在乎身份地位，无论是谁，都有阅读的权利。阅读面前，人人平等。该图书馆的做法，大气、独特、具有较多的公共人文关怀，让人温暖，令人舒心。

这个做法已经坚持了十余年了，因此被称为“史上最温暖的图书馆”。这说明，在阅读上不分贵贱这样的意识已经是普遍认可，深入人心。只有图书馆的各色工作人员，在馆内阅读的大众都认可该馆的理念，才能坚持十年之久。

曾经有读者对身边的流浪者散发异味而感到不满，无法接受，说允许他们进图书馆是对其他人的不尊重。他们之所以对此举无法接受，归根到底还是旧观念在作祟，认为图书馆是“高雅”人的活动场所，阅读是“文明”人的举止。正是这种“高等”和“低劣”的偏见，人为地把人类分成三六九等，把阅读误认为是特殊阶层的专利。殊不知，这种民族等级的歧视在历史上已经酿就了无数的悲剧，如“二战”时日本对“东亚病夫”的歧视，就给中国人民带来了深重的灾难。

在这一点上，馆长的回答无疑是闪烁智慧与深得人心的：我无权拒绝他们入馆读书，您如觉不便可更换座位，或者选择离开。一个“您”字，无不体现该馆的公共人文关怀和阅读不分贵贱的精神。

况且，在允许无业游民等入馆之初，该馆已经有一个适度的要求，就是把手洗干净再阅读。这个要求既让人容易接受，又在不断地引导这些特殊的群体向文明迈进。随着该馆开馆时间的不断延长，我们有理由相信，“文明出入，有序阅读”将成为一种新的风尚。

如果拾荒者、无业游民在文明精神的熏染之下，能以文明的身姿——洗个澡，换身干净的衣服进入图书馆，就更是皆大欢喜了。

不管怎样，只要带着纯净的心灵去图书馆，阅读那里的人类文化文明精华，我们都不应该拒绝，因为，阅读从来不分高低贵贱。

【点评】

本文紧抓中心“阅读不分贵贱”，采用极其简单的办法，就是一边分节叙述材料，一边对所叙材料作个性化的解读与评论，也写就了一篇不错的作文，值得学习。

方法之四：即事说理，深入阐述

随着2016年高考的临近，参加“全国卷”考试的考生正紧锣密鼓地准备迎接“叙事体材料任务驱动型作文”的考查，各地考生也已经基本掌握了其写作的特性与写作的方法。然而，让不少同学迷茫的是，怎样才能在新的作文背景下完成任务驱动型作文的重要“任务”之一——“即事说理，深入阐述”呢?

“深入阐述”的基本方法已有不少，如围绕“是什么，为什么，怎么样”的问题导向方式，又如“提出问题，分析问题，解决问题”的思路方式，还有“引论，本论，结论”的结构方式等，都是照样可以沿用的，也有一定的效果。只是在“就事论事、即事论理”上，很难做到深入阐述，写出一篇像样的有水准的考场作文。在此，谨提供两种方法，即进一步深入阐述之“横向拓展”与“纵向挖掘”。以期有益。

例文及评价

唯有精神永存

一考生

青花罐承载着浓厚的历史积淀，暗藏着美丽的故事，它从遥远的时光中走来，传递着中国人的器物精神，不愧是传家宝;勋章见证了那段光辉岁月里的铁戈兵戎，传递着满腔热血、忠心报国的信念，不愧为传家宝。这些器物，在一定程度上，都是精神传承的载体，因此它们才有价值。

然而，将注意力放在物品上多于放在精神传承上，则会本末倒置。这样的传家宝终究不能发挥其真正的作用，反而会使后代子孙沉溺于对传家宝的世俗价值中不可自拔。因此，依我之见，祖训是最好的精神载体，历史洪流浪花滔滔，唯精神万世永存。

季老先生季羡林曾在《八十述怀》一书中有感而发：“若说人生的意义，那就是对人类精神和知识的承上启下。”人类社会的发展，之所以如此神速，正是因为知识和精神的可传递性，如同滚雪球一般。祖训以文字为载体，将先辈对后辈的殷殷期盼传承下来，借此勉励后代不断奋斗，不断学习。这样的精神传递，促使一个家族的兴盛，正如河南的康百万庄园，兴盛了十几代，而其祖训是“留有余，不尽之财以还百姓;留有余，不尽之巧以还造化。”这样的“留有余”如同警钟般时刻回响在后辈心中，自然后辈会不自觉地培养起良好的观念，从而使家族世代兴盛。

精神的传递不仅能使家族兴盛，更能使国家浸浴在先贤道德光辉下，光辉恩泽国土上的每一个人。先生之风，山高水长;贤人之范，愈久弥珍。先贤仰望星空，留下无数宝贵的精神财富，我们取其精华，去其糟粕，用其激励自己不断进取。

余光中曾在写给孩子的信中谈到对孩子的期盼：“不要成为一个媚俗的人。”“要懂得学习欣赏悲剧。”这些话在今天看来，仍是闪烁着智慧的光芒。节日也是一个很好的传播精神的载体，而当今社会却将其片面地作为节日经济的跳板，这不可不说是我们国人的悲哀，当精神的流传不再，社会的发展也将止步不前。(此段败笔：1、引用过多;2、与材料关联度不大)

祖训作为精神的载体，是十分珍贵的传家宝。它虽是短短一句凝练的话，却体现了耀眼的闪光智慧!

【点评】

作者执行任务指令，开篇指出青花罐、勋章作为传家宝的价值所在。经思考、权衡，选择“祖训”作为传家宝，其中理由的分析和重要性的论述入情入理，非常到位，“更”字体现得很充分。通篇语言简洁，富有文采，是难得的应试好作文。

【升格练习】

本文的第五段属于败笔，请你来给它加上一段，深入阐述，使文章前后连贯、文风一致，又能丰富文章内容。

示例一：进一步深入阐述之“横向拓展”

人类知识和精神的传承，不仅在祖训。大凡以文字为载体的中华古代文化经典，如《论语》、《孟子》和《庄子》，如《诗经》和《离骚》，如二十四史等，它们所传承的文化文明无不具有永久的传世价值。而祖训更具亲和力，从而也就更具有普世的渗透力;祖训中的良训精神具有遍地开花的土壤，它可能不局限于本家族的传播，也可能成为全中国人们的精神食粮，如《傅雷家书》、《曾国藩家训》等，已不再是一家一族的精神遗产，是中华民族的传家之宝。

【点评】

思维由“祖训”扩展至中华文化经典，由一家一族的精神延伸到中国传统文化的精神，主题的扩大，是为“横向拓展”。

示例二：进一步深入阐述之“纵向挖掘”

以文字为载体的祖训，相较其它两个传家宝，更具有别具一格的优点。一是祖训文字的无法破坏性。青花罐与勋章是以物质的存在居多，而祖训是以意识的存在为主。物质不可能永存，这是谁人皆知的常识;而意识则在人们心中，只要能延续血脉，必将随之代代相传。精神意识是一个生命的动态过程，而非死板的遗物。二是祖训的传播不受时空限制。只要是家族成员，甚至是外人，只要你认可，就可以随时随地汲取之，学习之，践行之。三是祖训还可以在坚持原有的基础上加以改良和创新。使之具有时代性和特定的功能性，赋予新的积极的具有“正能量”的内涵，成为新时期的“良训”。以上三点是青花罐勋章所不具备的，所以，我更倾心于小程家的祖训，因为其中的“忠厚”与“诗书”是永存的精神。

【点评】

思维往纵深方向发展，进一步从三个方面对三种传家宝进行比较，从而突出“祖训”的优越性，证明作者的观点：唯有精神永存。

方法之五：简易驳论，批驳成章

驳论，是议论文写作的一种论证方法。又叫批驳或反驳。侧重于驳论的议论文是驳论文。.驳论文往往破中有立,边破边立,即在反驳对方错误论点的同时,针锋相对地提出自己的正确观点。批驳错误论点的方法有三种:1.驳论点2.驳论据3.驳论证，但归根结底是为了驳论点。鲁迅最擅长写驳论文，如著名的《拿来主义》，《中国人失掉自信力了吗?》。中学生在写作议论文时使用驳论的方法难度有点大，但若能运用一种简易的驳论，却又有出人意料地效果。它不仅可丰富文章内容，还可扩展深化文章的主题，让论证的思维更加全面严密，使一篇普通的习作脱颖而出。在任务驱动型作文的背景下，使用简易驳论更能取到事半功倍的效果。

技法指导：

常见的驳论一般有如下五个步骤：

步骤一：

根据自己提出的论点内涵，设想并提出现实中人们可能提出的与你提出的相反的看法。

(也许，有人会认为……)

步骤二：

让步肯定错误观点中的表面合理之处。(诚然，固然，的确……)

步骤三：

从原因及可能造成的危害入手，指出观点的错误本质。(然而，根据……就断定……却是夸夸其谈的或以偏概全的。)

步骤四：

举事实或道理论据批驳错误观点的错误性。(当……时，当……时，我们还能……吗?)

步骤五：

得出结论。

例子：

论点：莫以功利论物之价值

(1)也许有人会认为，行事若不以有用为目的，那么行事的价值又在哪里?

(2)的确，任何行为都要有实际的用处，有用的判断也为人们行事提供不竭的动力。韩愈就曾在古文运动中提出“文章合为时而著”。

(3)但，若就此认为功利得失是“有用”的全部内涵，那无疑将陷入片面功利主义的泥淖而不可自拔。

(4)无论是食不果腹时代的泰勒斯执着地仰望星空，还是风雨如晦之时鲁迅不合时宜的弃医从文。

(5)都深刻说明那些与功利得失无关的“无用”之举，恰恰是每一次文明进步的有用之光。

这种驳论对于中学生而言，确实是有难度的，不仅要求习作者有较深刻的思维，还要求较强的语言驾驭能力。驳论据和驳论证的方法及过程就更难了。鉴于此，可提出一种更加简便易学的方法。即三步简易驳论法。

简易“驳论”的三个步骤：

一是摆出靶子，就是别人的错误观点与看法;二是先让步，赞同、肯定别人观点中可取的部分，然后，以“然而，但是”为转折点，分析批驳其中的错误。三是在反驳批驳的基础上，让自己的观点看法更加站立起来。经检验，实乃议论文写作一项不可或缺的补充。

例如：

有人说现代社会，善的怕恶的，忠的怕奸，白的怕黑的，要脸的怕不要脸的，饿死胆小的，撑死胆大的，……只有厚脸黑心才能做强做大。固然，这些不要脸的人，也的确暂时在某些领域有一定的成绩，但就长期而言，他们必将失信于民，狐狸尾巴长不了，甚至自取毁灭。因为大道之行，正义必胜;因为冬天来了，春天一定为期不远!(不要脸皮，遗臭万年)

这种简化了的驳论，实质上减去了事实证明的程序，只在道理上进行批驳或反驳，同样能锻炼中学生的驳论意识与思维。随着这种论证方法的不断运用，渐渐地自然成了习惯，于是有的同学不满足于简单的批驳，出现了各种各样“驳”的例子。这充分说明，由易到难，循序渐进的训练是做任何事的真谛。

课堂练习：

请批驳下面一种观点。

金钱是万能的，因为人们常说：“有钱能使鬼推磨。”

课外练习：

就下面一种观点进行反驳。

贫困生的资格认定有什么难呢?让他们上交“低保证”或有村、乡镇和县民政局盖印的证明不就行了。

课堂练习示例：

(一)驳论点

有人说，金钱是万能的。的确，金钱在人们的生活中总是表现为无所不能，似乎可以买到物质世界的大部分东西。但是，金钱能买到知识吗?金钱能买到感情与爱情吗?金钱能买到时间吗?金钱能买到生命吗?……可见，“金钱是万能的”这样的观点是片面的、武断的。

(二)驳论据

“有钱能使鬼推磨”虽然告诉我们金钱的无所不能和巨大威力，甚至连鬼都能买通。但它毕竟只是一句民间俗语，民间俗语只是人们在生产生活中凭经验总结而出，并没有科学的依据。用没有科学依据的东西作为论据，其证明的观点当然也就不可信。

(三)驳推理过程

有人说，金钱是万能的，因为人们常说：“有钱能使鬼推磨”。这种论断乍看似乎无懈可击，金钱在现实生活中也确实无所不能威力巨大，甚至连鬼都能买通。然而，仅凭一句夸张的俗语就推断出“金钱是万能的”，无疑是偏激的。民间俗语本没有科学的依据，是有缺陷的。再拿它来证明另一个观点，这样的推理过程更不经推敲，因此，这个论断无论是论据还是因果推理都是站不住脚的。

课外练习示例：

让上交“低保证”和各级盖印的证明，固然可以杜绝一些平民百姓的弄虚作假，但是，却无法杜绝一些特权人物的弄虚作假，中国是个人情泛滥的国度，什么事情都讲人情世故，因此，不少人为了点滴利益，不惜玩转各种人情关系，千方百计搞到各类虚假的东西，让主管部门防不胜防难以甄别。所以，在认定各类资格的时候，除了上交各种材料外，还需进行各种实地的调查取证工作，以确保真实性和有效性。

有的任务型作文，如果其中存有争议的多方看法，可选择其中一方立意，然后，通过批驳其它方观点来达到证明己方观点的目的。

例如：

阅读下面材料，写一篇不少于800字的文章。立意自定，题目自拟。

做人如水，你高，我便退去，决不淹没你的优点;

做人如水，你低，我便涌来，决不暴露你的缺陷;

做人如水，你热，我便沸腾，决不妨碍你的热情;

做人如水，你冷，我便凝固，决不漠视你的寒冷。

你对上述材料有何感想与看法?请就其中一个角度表明你的态度，阐述你的观点与看法。不脱离材料内容与内涵，题目自拟。

范文：

做人如水，将失自我

梁祝

既要突显别人的优点，又要包容别人的缺点;既要做绿叶，又要做“丑角”。整个的就是要处处为人着想，设身处地，压根儿没一点儿想到自己。这种忘我无我的如水品质，本是做人的真谛，应该能获得较大的业绩。然而，只是如果过了头，迟早终将失去自我。

肯定赞赏别人的优点，是人际交往中不可多得的品质。但逢人便不管三七二十一，一概说好话，过了头，就显得虚伪，是一种不折不扣的吹捧。孔子曰：巧言令色，鲜矣仁。就是说这种花言巧语的人，这种人是极少仁慈仁爱的。长久养成这种习惯，就会变成一种性格;再久之，就会连自己姓什么都不知道，至于自己有没有优缺点就更加迷失了。父母一味表扬孩子，孩子的尾巴就翘上了天，父母更加束手无策，迷失了自我;老师逢学生都说十分聪明，过了头，世界就没有“愚笨”一说了;结果，学生并没有都学好，于是开始怀疑人生，怀疑自己的教学能力，渐渐也容易失去自我。

在生活中，掩盖庇护别人的缺点，本是一种宽容与大度，能获得别人的感恩。但是过了头，就很容易让自己陷入惆怅迷失的境地。唐代名臣吕元膺一次跟隐士朋友下棋，因文件多，就边下棋边批文件，棋友趁机偷换了棋子而取胜，元膺看在眼里却不予揭穿。第二天，还若无其事地赠送厚礼辞去这位隐士。他包容别人太过头了，虽然给别人留了极大的颜面，但自己却一生也没有放下，那种纠结，那种迷失，直到临终才说，并惆怅而死，这不是迷失自我是什么?

绿叶衬托鲜花，本是自然界的绝配。总是做绿叶，一味为了鲜花而生，最终人们肯定只记住了花的美丽，至于叶子，只能飘然而逝，沉入大地，腐朽成泥，没了自己。在人生事业中，一味顾及别人的脸面，别人的利益，自己就会缩手缩脚，不敢放心大胆地干。一项计划还没有开始实施，就因为别人而放弃，哪有自己的主张啊!这种人一生肯定一事无成，到最后，恐连自己是怎么度过此生的都迷糊不清了。

做丑角，能博得别人一笑，也是无可非议的。只是如果为了迎合别人而任意践踏自己的尊严，那就大可不必了。这样做，比前面几种更加无我失我。

所以，做人如水不能过头。

总想做得更好，一味模仿别人，就会失去个人魅力，失去自己原本的性格。如“邯郸”，如“东施”，如“左思”。

恋爱中的青年，过分在乎对方，总为对方着想，就会失去平衡，如“剃头挑子”，陷爱情于不健康之地，最后，一方必然失去自我。

太过爱一个人或一件东西，也往往容易无我。如“房奴”，如“孩奴”，如“钱奴”。

做人如水，是人生很高的境界。但如果在某一方面走过了头，必然过犹不及，物极必反，非常容易陷入失去自我，难以自拔的深渊。

让我们把握好做人处事的“度”，去迎接光明美好的生活吧!

【点评】

本文最大的亮点是在本不好“反弹琵琶”的主题上，作者强硬“弹”出：将失自我。并采用中学生近乎不敢用的“驳”的论证方法，对材料中四种情况进行适度的反驳，再让自己的论点站立。批驳成章，不可多得。

方法之六：巧设反方，探源究底

在任务驱动型作文的背景下，怎样才能把一个论题阐述深透呢?许多同学无从下手，所写的文章老是停留在肤浅的层面，得分不高，在此，介绍“巧设反方，探源究底”的方法，以供同学学习参考。

“巧设反方”就是在正面论述的基础之上，提出有可能出现的反方看法或观点，尽力预设，尽力设全，以体现你思维的周密性。

“探源究底”就是在预设反方的前提下，探究反方观点产生的根源以及错误的本质，甚至对反方观点进行有力的批驳，让它站不住脚，从而使自己的看法有理有力。

例如：

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分)

不久前，某大学在临近期末时发生了这样一事：夜幕下，风雨中，一群大学生在校农场打着手电栽种油菜。校长对媒体说：“学生必须亲手碰到泥巴，才能知道什么是奋斗，什么是劳动。”农场劳动是该校的必修课，是“毕业通行证”。这种观点和做法得到了不少网民的支持。

然而也有人持不同意见：为挣学分冒雨挑灯夜战，是否有矫枉过正之嫌?还有人认为，大学生的首要任务是学习专业知识，此举有形式主义之嫌。

对于以上事件及不同观点，你怎么看?请表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。要求综合材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，完成写作任务。

示范例文：

亲历劳动，方知奋斗

刘晓曼

某高校开设种田必修课，学生夜里打手电种油菜，新闻一出，立刻引发热议，有支持者，也有反对者，更有抨击者，但无论何种反应都体现了大众对高校教育、对人才培养的一种关注、一种思索。

亲历劳动，方知奋斗。学校的良苦用心是值得大力称赞的。农场劳动，不单是一门必修课程，是毕业的通行证，更是一种观念、一种品质的培养。党的教育方针明确指出：教育必须与生产劳动相结合……未来世界的竞争是“人才素质”的竞争，而劳动素质又是人才素质中极其重要的一个方面。但令人叹息的是，有许多的网民，却反对高校的这种做法，质疑这种做法的真正意图，或许是因为他们觉得大学生的首要任务是学习专业知识，应该把时间更多地放在精进自己的专业水平上，不能也没有必要去做“普通农民”所做的“农活”，然而，这个理由不过只是个幌子，是个借口，何况精进专业知识，也不是“不问世事，一心只读圣贤书”就能达成的，再说，闭门苦读就一定能够学好专业知识吗?更深层的原因，恐怕是大众内心对“农”的鄙视，是自古以来就有的对“读书人”的崇敬与膜拜：认为田间劳作是没有文化修养或修养较低的农民干的，文化人，既然已经跳出农门，就不要也不必再碰农活了。他们主观上认为“读书人”与“农民”是截然不同的两种身份，而这种认识，又恰恰是长期以来由阶级的差距衍生出的优越感而催生的。

爱劳动，才会生活;学会劳动，才能学会生活。高校开展农场劳动必修课，不仅可行，更有深远意义。学生在学校，不仅要学会一些理论性的东西，还需进行各种各样的实践劳动，只有二者相结合，才能更好地提升学生的综合素质。农场劳动，除了能提高学生们的动手能力、实践能力，让学生更接地气，还能让学生在获得劳动的切身体验中，认识到粒粒皆辛苦，尊重劳动人民和劳动成果，更能让学生在艰苦环境的磨炼中，培养一种吃苦耐劳、艰苦奋斗的精神。事实上，人的很多优秀的品质，都可以在劳动中形成。

发扬光大该校的这一做法，或许我们可以有更好做法，加强宣传教育，提高学生积极主动参加劳动实践的意识，鼓励学生积极参加各种各样的社会实践活动，而不局限于田间劳作，更无需用“必修”的形式，来强制学生，为完成学分临时抱佛脚而在临近期末时连夜冒雨打手电种油菜。

“民生在勤，勤则不匮”，无论时代如何变化，我们始终都要热爱劳动、崇尚劳动。

【点评】

本文在正面阐述了理由之后，先预设网民的不同观点与看法，然后，逐步探寻出产生这些看法的根源，有表面的原因，也有更深层次的原因。显示作者非一般的思维能力，文章也因此步入更高的档次。是一种不可多得的方法。

方法之七：适度举例，合理引用

任务驱动型作文忌讳传统的名人荟萃，名家开会。那么，该怎样对待名人事例和名言警句呢?笔者认为，既然是议论文，肯定离不开这些东西，否则，就像准备一桌饭菜，却没有了食材;如巧妇，难为无米之炊。只是，在运用时，不能如传统作文那样，尽情挥洒堆砌，而要“举例适度，引用合理”。在任务驱动型作文的背景下，名人事例和名言警句照样可用，而且用得好还可以为文章增色。那么，该怎样用呢?其原则有三：

其一、与核心话题高度吻合;

其二、把名人名言融入自己的论述之中;

其三、数量、长度适中、恰到好处。

例如《唯有精神永存》中的一段：

季老先生季羡林曾在《八十述怀》一书中有感而发：“若说人生的意义，那就是对人类精神和知识的承上启下。”人类社会的发展，之所以如此神速，正是因为知识和精神的可传递性，如同滚雪球一般。祖训以文字为载体，将先辈对后辈的殷殷期盼传承下来，借此勉励后代不断奋斗，不断学习。这样的精神传递，促使一个家族的兴盛，正如河南的康百万庄园，兴盛了十几代，而其祖训是“留有余，不尽之财以还百姓;留有余，不尽之巧以还造化。”这样的“留有余”如同警钟般时刻回响在后辈心中，自然后辈会不自觉地培养起良好的观念，从而使家族世代兴盛。

引述季老的原话和举“河南康百万庄园的祖训”为例，就既与话题高度吻合，又能融入自己的论述之中，长度适中，恰到好处，一点也不影响核心话题本身。这样的事例与名言，可谓跟文章结合得完美，应是多多益善的。

又如下面一文，作者可谓是“胆大妄为”了。

作文题：

美国漫画家罗素·迈尔斯系列漫画《女巫希尔迈》中有这样一个故事：两座悬崖，中间隔着一条又深又宽的峡谷。女巫站在这边，秃鹫站在那边。秃鹫不断召唤女巫跳到它那边来。女巫说，峡谷太宽，她跳不过去。秃鹫对女巫说，不要用消极的思想打败自己，只要她有热情和积极的态度，就能做成任何事情。女巫在秃鹫煽动下，热血沸腾起来，她真的开始感到世界上没有她做不到的事，于是，一挺胸，一弓腰，向对面的悬崖猛冲过去。结果，女巫并没有跳过峡谷。

秃鹫看着掉入峡谷的女巫，自言自语道：看来，光鼓动她的激情是不够的，还得教她如何锻炼腿部肌肉。

对于这件事情，你怎么看?请表明你的态度，阐述你的看法。要求综合材料的内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，标题自拟，不要套作，不得抄袭。

范文：

看清自我 理智前行

一考生

女巫受秃鹫“只要有激情和积极的态度就能做成任何事”的煽动纵身一跃，结果却掉入峡谷。为什么女巫没有跃过峡谷呢?是因为女巫盲目听信别人，不能正确认识自己的能力，盲目跳跃，以致葬身谷底。所以，只有看清自我，我们才能理智前行。

看清自我，能使人避短扬长，理智前行。杨振宁曾坦言说：“我对实验物理似乎杨振宁先生是享誉世界的理论物理学家，并因与李政道一起提出“弱相互作用中守称不守恒论”而获得诺贝尔奖。然而这位誉满全球的物理学家早年因研究实验物理而备受他人耻笑。没有别人那样的天赋，实验仪器出现故障后，别人能很快找到问题所在，而我却急得满头大汗。”后来聪明的杨振宁经过思考，看清了自己的不足，发现自己在理论物理方面有专长，于是投理论物理研究，最终硕果累累。正是因为杨振宁看清了自我，才能避短扬长，理智前行，现在才名满天下。写到这里不禁想到：女巫不是巫吗，那一定会法术，为什么要硬跳呢?自己没有发达的肌肉，却还要纵身一跃，如果看清自己，施一点法术，也不致于掉入峡谷。

看清自我，能使人脚踏实地，理智前行。四川省的理科状元刘宁毕业于某名牌大学，就在大家认为他将会有一个好前途、好生活时，他却在不停地应聘、辞职，原因就是总嫌弃公司待遇不好，自己有才能，何愁找不到工作?这样以致于他最后还要靠父母的补给生活。毕业于名牌大学了不起吗?全国有那么多名校，每个学校有那么的人，你是最好的吗?状元刘宁就是没有看清自己，不脚踏实地地工作，以致于无法理智前行，最后落得如此下场。女巫也何尝不是这样呢?假若她能认清自己肌肉不发达的现实，不好高骛远，追求自己无法达到的目标，又脚踏实地，刻苦锻炼，练就一身发达的肌肉，区区几米的距离算得了什么呢?因此，人只有看清了自己，才能找到正确的方向，迈出坚实的步伐，理智前行。

看清自我，理智前行，让失败者重获新生。现在家喻户晓的喜剧明星艾特金森，也就是憨豆先生。他当初因为语言表达能力不行，经常口差，差点离开他热爱的喜剧舞台。但聪明的憨豆先生经过一番思考后，看清了自己，发现自己的语言表达能力不行，但肢体语言和面部表情丰富，于是便向这方面发展，最后成为了几代人都忘不了的艺术形象。如果女巫像憨豆先生一样看清了自我，理智前行，又怎么会掉进峡谷?“看清自我，理智前行”这一条件如同一块肥沃的土壤，让失败者重获新生。

百灵鸟自知没有叱咤苍穹的力量，她便理智前行，苦练歌喉，最终在林间婉转歌唱;小溪自知没有大海波浪滔天的气势，便理智前行，在林间流淌，衬天色，映鸟鸣，也是一大快事。它们都是看清了自己，找到了正确的方向，理智前行，才实现自身价值。如果女巫也如它们一样，结果是不是又是另一番场景呢?

看清自我，理智前行，你将收获人生精彩。

【点评】

几乎每一段都举例，且举得与主旨契合，在分析完了之后，还能及时回归中心话题。如熟练的老司机，几乎做到了人车合一，驾驭的随意娴熟，非一般人所能想象。又不长，合适。这样的举例，难道不是议论文所需要的吗?因此，任务驱动型作文是应该有举例与引用的，只是要适度合理罢了。

记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。

以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写，考生应根据写作的要求，灵活掌握，突出重点。

以写事为主的记叙文，应该注意交待六要素(时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果)，应该注意描写先后顺序以及记事的相对完整，注意把握好事情的开始、发展、高潮及结局。

以与景为主的记叙文，应该注意景物的主要特征，景物描写的层次，以及人与物的情感交融。

记叙文写作要点如下：

1. 明确写作目的和叙述的中心思想，段落叙述始终围绕着主题而展开，避免空间的叙述和与主题无关的内容。

2. 一篇好叙述文需要直接或间接表达以下六个问题，即：when?该事发生的时间， where?该事发生的地点，who?人物角色是谁，what?发生的是什么事，why?该事发生的原因，以及how?事件的结果是如何造成的等等。

3. 一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实，因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。

4. 写作顺序可以采用“顺叙”、“倒叙”和“穿插叙述”的方法，但初学者最好采用“顺叙”的方法进行训练，以情节发生时间的先后为序。

记叙文高考指引

记叙文是高考书面表达中比较常用的一种形式。

1)记叙文要写作者比较了解的人或事物。

2)仔细审题，看准题目要求，确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。

3)具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力，叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。

4)写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合，注意衔接词的运用。

5)叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动，具有吸引力，必须请注意词汇的选择，时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性，要与表达的内容一致。

6)叙述的顺序。大多数情况下叙述都是按照事情的发展及时间的先后进行的，但有时也可以采用其它顺序，如倒叙、插叙等。

7)人称。一般说来，记叙文用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。用第一人称叙述的优点是：文章比较生动、形象，使读者有身临其境的感觉，因而加强了故事的真实感和感染力。其缺点是，描写的范围受到限制。一篇文章中，由于角色的变化，人称也要随之而变，但应注意前后一致性。

导语：Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

It’s never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢。

Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.

近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.

心之所愿，无所不成。

One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。

Poverty is stranger to industry. 勤劳之人不受穷。

Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

天才不过是勤奋而已。

A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.

一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.四个简短的词汇概括了成功秘诀：多一点点!

It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

From small beginning come great things.伟大始于渺小。

A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。

A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。

Better late than never.迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。

Complacency is the enemy of study.

学习的敌人是自己的满足。

Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。

Books and friends should be few but good.

读书如交友，应求少而精。

All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。

A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。

By reading we enrich the mind， by conversation we

polish it.

读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。

Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

A good book is the best of friends， the same today and forever.

一本好书，相伴一生。

A young idler，an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。

A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

Many hands make light work. 人多力量大。

All things are difficult before they are easy.

凡事总是由难而易。

As a man sows， so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

Misfortunes never come alone/single.祸不单行。

A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

No pains， no gains. 没有付出就没有收获。

All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。

A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。

Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

Early to bed andearly to rise makes a man healthy，

wealthy and wise.

早睡早起身体好。

East or west，home is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。

Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。

Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。

Eat to live，but not live to eat.

人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。

Every little helps a mickle. 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。

Fortune favors those who use their judgement. 机遇偏爱善断之人。

Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。

A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

Good advice is beyond all price.忠告是无价宝。

He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟，不进则退。Knowledge makes humble， ignorance makes proud.

博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。

Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。

Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

Gold will not buy anything. 黄金并非万能。

Happiness takes no account of time. 欢乐不觉时光过。

Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。

A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。

He is wise that is honest.诚实者最明智。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。

Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。

Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。

No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。

Man proposes，God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。

No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。

Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。

The greatest talkers are always least doers.

语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。

Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。

Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理

Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。

Money isn’t everything.钱不是万能的。

Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

Sharpening your axe will not delay your jobof cutting

wood.磨刀不误砍柴功。

Will is power. 意志就是力量。

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明的动力。

Truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。

Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远远胜过美貌。

Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。

Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

Never fish in trouble water.不要混水摸鱼。

Reading makes a full man.读书使人完善。

Speech is silver，silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。

You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗。

You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。

Time cures all things.时间是医治一切创伤的良药。

Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。

导语：英语写作是一种创作性的学习过程。下面是小编收集的小升初英语作文写作技巧，欢迎大家阅读!

英语写作是一种创作性的学习过程。启动知识信息储存，构思立意，谋篇布局，遣词造句，对语言表达的正确性和准确性、思维的逻辑性和文章的条理性都比口语要求更高。通常英语写作有以下几个特点：紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求;以有指导的写作为主(guidedwriting)，便于考生在短时间内构思成文;突出试题的交际性，考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力;增强试题的实用性，所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉;看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。

英语写作注意两点

一、先审题，弄清写作要求审题是写好作文的前提，也是书面表达的基础。如果写偏了题，语言表达再好也很难得高分。审题时要注意两个方面：

1.认真地看两遍题目，包括提示，全面了解写作要求。

2.理清思路，确定体裁、框架结构和内容。

二、用英语进行思维英语写作时必须排除汉语思维的干扰。

从现在起应逐渐加大阅读量和听的输入量，将阅读、听力训练与书面表达有机地结合起来。经常体会和领悟作者传递信息和表达思想的方式。在话题讨论和写作中经常运用所学到的表达方式就会有所创造。还要尽量做到“五多”：多看、多听、多思考、多用心体验和感悟身边的人和事、多用英语说和写自己的体验和感受。

最后一个月如何训练英语写作

1.重视增加阅读量是提高英语写作的途径之一。

目前，考生在进行大量阅读的同时，应注重所读材料的文章结构以及连接词的运用(ontheotherhand，however，furthermore)、作者的表达方式(词汇、习惯用语和典型句子的使用)、作者是如何进行叙述和议论的。

2.在教师的指导下，平时应勤写多练。

练习写作应从基本功抓起。在中译英翻译训练过程中，加强积累适量的词汇、词组和增加各种类型句子的运用。把握好各种句型和词汇的搭配，并从各类题材和体裁着手，多阅读好的范文。然后模仿写作，作文写好之后，一般都要修改。第一遍收笔后，先看一看结构，然后从字词上推敲，使文章“充实”起来。更重要的是经老师修改过的作文一定要仔细地看一至两遍，然后再认真地抄写一遍，收获将会很大。

英文写作“四步走”

由于时间限制，考试时必须在所限定的时间内完成英语作文。英语作文步骤如下：

1)作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上、运用材料上、篇章结构上，充分酝酿。

2)考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。

3)边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。

4)写完后一定要再细看一遍。

主要体裁作文写作技巧

(一)写提示议论文应考虑的几点：

1.文章开头，能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法。

2.会使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supportingsentences)。

3.归纳总结，首尾呼应。

(二)看图作文应考虑的几点：

1.看懂图片，把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来，使之成为内容连贯的句子。

2.确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。

3.确定体裁(说明文还是记叙文)，接着用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。

4.根据图片或图表大意议论。

导语：我们大家都知道，每个公民都有维护好自己权益的义务，所以日常生活中发生一些小摩擦我们当然要理智的去处理，那么投诉信是不是一个很好的办法呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Dear_______,

I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.

The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).

I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).

Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

导语：真实，在这个浮华的时代，变得尤为可贵了。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

在2016年里约奥运会女子100米仰泳半决赛中，中国游泳选手傅园慧以58秒95获得第二小组第三名从而晋级决赛。傅园慧赛后接受采访，再现搞笑才能，她对自己能游出个人最佳成绩感到非常满意，并说自己已经“使出洪荒之力”。记者问她对决赛有什么展望，这姑娘乐呵呵地再次说：“我已经很满意了，我对半决赛的成绩非常满意。”

运动员是真实的个体，也有着个体的喜怒哀乐、爱恨情仇，他们不是竞赛的机器，他们也不能被成绩吞噬掉鲜活性。所以，当看到傅园慧以表情帝和段子姐的身份出现时，人们被逗乐了，也被感动了。这是因为人们看到了一个充满生命活力和个人情趣的运动员，她不是言必称感恩，不隐藏内心真实想法。

她可以在采访中，抱怨生不如死：“鬼才知道我过去三个月经历了什么，有时候真的以为自己要死了。那种感觉，生不如死。”她也可以在比赛后“不思进取”：“我已经很满意了，我对半决赛的成绩非常满意。”她还可以夸张地自我表扬：“我确实尽力了，我已经使出洪荒之力。”这也许与我们印象中的运动员形象不同，但谁说不可以这样呢?

人们喜欢作为表情帝和段子姐的傅园慧，是因为她的真实、纯粹、活力，以及对体育的“享受”。即便是竞技体育，其最终目的也不是金牌，而应该是更好的自己——成绩不过是更好自己的一部分，除了成绩，运动员还应该有体育的热爱，对生活的热爱。

素材点拨：真实，在这个浮华的时代，变得尤为可贵了。所以在面对记者、面对摄像机的时候，真实展露自我的傅园慧感动了很多人，让人看到了个体的鲜活性和自我性。金牌，名誉，地位，金钱，不是我们最终的奋斗目标，在奋斗的历程中，历练自己，感受自己，表现自己，让自己快乐，才是我们生活的目标。

导语：英语作文在英语试卷中还是相当重要的一部分，你知道写作有哪些技巧吗?下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

初中英语作文分为四等。一等文：13-15分;二等文：9-12分;三等文：5-8分;四等文：0-4分。教给大家十个字，搞定初中英语写作，帮你拿到一等文。

要点+结构+逻辑+语法+亮点

要点：

实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译!因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。

结构：

中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么尼?因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说XQis extremely strong。观点明确，这一句足矣。2014年中考英语写作技巧

第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten mealseveryday!详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day!详举做了什么运动。

第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，Howstrong and robust XQ is!I hope to be him one day!

逻辑：

这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first，second，third，finally等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition，whatsmore，moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word，all inall(表示总结的)。转折：but，yet，however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。

语法：

其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等。

亮点：

当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful，good-looking，B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。

英语作文依靠的是同学们的语感和平时的积累，但是在面临中考的紧要关头，要想在短时间内提高英语写作水平不是一件容易的事情，这就需要同学们掌握中考英语作文写作技巧。

1、When all else is lost the future still remains.就是失去了一切别的，也还有未来。

2、Sow nothing, reap nothing.春不播，秋不收。

3、Keep on going never give up.勇往直前， 决不放弃!

4、The wealth of the mind is the only wealth.精神的财富是唯一的财富。

5、Never say die.永不气馁!

6、Nurture passes nature.教养胜过天性。

7、There is no garden without its weeds.没有不长杂草的花园。

8、The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.对明天做好的准备就是今天做到最好!

9、The reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man.伟人之所以伟大，是因为他立志要成为伟大的人。

10、Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。

12、A man cant ride your back unless it is bent.你的腰不弯，别人就不能骑在你的背上。

13、Although again sweet candy, also has a bitter day.即使再甜的糖，也有苦的一天。

14、Sharp tools make good work.工欲善其事，必先利其器。

15、Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.今日事今日毕!

16、Wasting time is robbing oneself.浪费时间就是掠夺自己。

17、The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。

18、A mans best friends are his ten fingers.人最好的朋友是自己的十个手指。

19、Only they who fulfill their duties in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occasions.只有在日常生活中尽责的人才会在重大时刻尽责。

20、The shortest way to do many things is to only one thing at a time.做许多事情的捷径就是一次只做一件事。

21、Theres only one corner of the universe you can be sure of improving, and thats your own self.这个宇宙中只有一个角落你肯定可以改进，那就是你自己。

22、The first step is as good as half over.第一步是最关键的一步。

23、Do one thing at a time, and do well.一次只做一件事，做到最好!

24、Believe that god is fair.相信上帝是公平的。

25、Wealth is the test of a mans character.财富是对一个人品格的试金石。

26、Let bygones be bygones.

过去的就让它过去吧。

27、Let sleeping dogs lie.

别惹麻烦。

28、Let the cat out of the bag.

泄漏天机。

29、Lies can never changes fact.

谎言终究是谎言。

30、Lies have short legs.

谎言站不长。

As is shown in the first picture, on a mountain of university tiredly climbs a college student, almost finishing his journey in the university, and awkwardly and surprisingly finding that he has to climb another much higher mountain -- hunting a job, bus as is shown below, in front of a post board for recruiting government officials stand an ocean of people, with only one in front of the board for hiring waiter. There has been a heated discussion about these pictures recently in the newspaper. Simple as the pictures are , they do demonstrate certain thought-provoking social phenomenon.

如图第一幅图所示，在求学的大山上一个学生疲惫的攀爬着，好不容易快到了山的顶峰，却不得不吃惊且尴尬的发现还有一座高很多的山他必须去爬，那就是找到一份工作。但是在另一幅图中我们看到，在招聘公务员的广告牌前面站着一堆人，而在招聘服务员的牌子前却只有一个人。最近报纸上对这样图画的讨论有很多。这些图虽然简单，但是却确实表明了一个发人深思的社会现象。

The pictures tell us the issue of hunting jobs for college students is increasingly and seriously important in current days. What’s more , individuals, organizations and even the whole society have been attaching due attention to this issue. On one hand, when facing the pressure of finding a job, students are struggling painfully. The burden can cause not only depression but also anxiety and such problems as isolation and solitude. One’s thought , creative thinking and exploration spirit, therefore, have been stifled by pursing measurable high scores and various certificates when confronting this harsh reality. On the other hand , that college students fail to change the conventional view on jobs and to adapt their goals to the reality deepens this problem. Were there no prompt and proper solution to this problem, never would we taste the happiness of the harmonious society.

图画告诉我们大学生就业的问题在当今越来越重要了。个人，团体，政府甚至是整个社会都很关注这个问题。一方面，当面对找工作的压力时，学生们痛苦的挣扎着。这样的负担不仅给他们带来了抑郁和焦虑的问题，还带来了像孤单，孤僻这样的问题。这样一来，面对这样的残酷现实，一个人的思考，创造性的思维，开拓的精神很可能因为追求可被量化的分数和证书的而被遏制了。另一方面，大学生没有能改变传统的就业观念让自己的目标更贴近现实也进一步的加重了这个问题。如果不能及时和恰当的解决这个问题，我们将不可能实现体会到和谐社会的幸福感。

What should be done to reverse this situation? For one thing, instead of just earning their degrees and high exam scores, college students are expected to cultivate their potentials such as creation, imagination and coordination. Such qualities, though cannot be measured by their college certificates, really matter in their prospective career. For another thing, the educational institutions are supposed to integrate more practical training in their programs so that more netpetent college graduates can be produced for our society. Above all, the new awareness that all jobs are equal in dignity and that fame and excellence can be reached at any occupation should be promoted in the whole society.

如何改变这样的现状呢，一方面学生不只是要注重文凭和分数，学生们还需要培养自己的创造性，想象力和协调能力。这样的素质虽然不能用证书来衡量却在以后工作中非常重要。另一方面，教育机构应该整合课程加入一些实用课程，让学生成为这个社会需要的一员。最重要的是，整个社会都应该认识到：任何工作都是有尊严的，优秀和卓越在任何工作中都能成就。

[学生就业和能力提高考研英语作文

高尔基说过：“(开头)好像音乐里定调一样，全曲的音调都是它给予的，也是作者花功夫的所在。小编收集了高考议论文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、写好字

一篇内质不错的文章，如果“面目”(字迹)可憎，其分值往往不理想。为何?其一，字和卷面差，按评分要求要扣分，其二，试卷的“面目”在一定程度上控制着阅卷者打分的情绪。美观整洁的书写是文章最好的“外衣”，它对阅卷者评分印象的形成是直接有效的：首先，笔划要清楚。字迹笔划清楚，字体端正，就能给阅卷者留下好印象。相反，龙飞凤舞，一路狂草，但难以辨认，就算文章写得好，也难以让人欣赏。其次，字体要适中。字体过大，卷面有拥挤繁乱之感，观之不雅。字体过小，阅读起来如觉蚁行，极其费神。再次，尽量少涂改。要涂改也须规范地涂改，切忌乱涂乱画，在卷面留下醒目的墨点，造成凌乱之感。

二、拟好题

题目是文章的眼睛，是文章传递显要信息的重要部分。由于它位居文章结构之首，所以文章题目的优劣也会直接影响阅卷者对文章的第一印象。议论文拟题的基本要求是：在准确的基础上力求醒目、舒畅。具体而言，可鲜明，可形象，可简洁，可别致，可整齐，不一而足。总之，以能激发阅卷者阅读兴趣或使之有耳目一新之感为最佳。

议论文的题目要求符合文体特征，要求鲜明，使人见其题而知其旨。观点鲜明的文章最受阅卷者的欢迎，因为它具有清澈感和透明感，能够传达出文章内容之大概，便于阅卷者准确而快速地把握整篇文章的基本内容。如《诚信不可抛》、《科技与人文齐飞》、《移植的记忆，创新的杀手》、《坚强--我不朽的信念》等文题，均是鲜明、夺人眼目的好题目。在鲜明的基础上追求形象、生动和富有个性，则是议论文拟题的更高要求。这类文题能抓住阅卷者的视线，使之观其题便欲睹其文，效果奇佳。如文章中心是“走自己的路，让别人去说吧”，拟题为《学会在别人的唾沫中游泳》，别致中显出几分幽默，令人产生一睹为快之感。

三、开好头

高尔基说过：“(开头)好像音乐里定调一样，全曲的音调都是它给予的，也是作者花功夫的所在。”议论文的开头要讲究“短、快、靓”。短，即要简捷，最好三两句成段，引入本论。开头短，可避免冗长之赘，而且短句成段，在空间上突出其内容的重要性。快，即入题要快，最好三言两语就点明文章的基本观点或议论的话题。因为评分标准中有“中心明确”的细则。开篇确定中心，有利于阅卷者按等计分，也有利于作者展开论述，不致出现主旨不清、中途转换论题等作文大忌。靓，即要精彩。这也是传统文论中所说的“凤头”。精彩的开头，最突出的效果是吸引阅卷者，给阅卷者留下好的印象。文章开头要精彩，多用比喻、类比、排比等修辞引入论点，还可引述名言，讲述寓言故事导入话题。

四、中间段写好首句和末句

议论文的结构是否严谨，条理是否清楚，论证是否严密，论据是否典型，关键在中间段的写作。而结构、条理、论证和论据等是议论文评分的重要细则，因此，写作议论文要尽量符合这些标准。

常见的论述模式是：首句为小论点或承上启下的过渡词句;中间围绕小论点，运用恰当的事实、理论论据，或针对现实生活中的某些现象，分析说理;最后结合论述内容写一两句小结的话语。其中首句和末句的写作最重要，它能直接勾勒文章的脉络，显示全文的论述思路。另外，文章的整体论证结构常用正反对比式。许多道理只要从正反两面说了，就基本上可做到论述严密。在考场中熟练地运用这种作文模式，可迅速地展开写作，减少失误，节省时间。同时，它可使阅卷者能便捷地依据评分标准，在中档以上分项计分，避免不利于考生的个人评分因素出现。

五、典型而鲜活的论据

论点是议论文的灵魂，分论点是支撑起这个灵魂的骨架，而论据是议论文的血肉。一个人要丰满多彩，光有灵魂和骨架，没有血肉是不可想象的。同样一篇议论文只有中心论点和分论点是不能称为文章的，它还必须有典型而鲜活的论据。

典型的论据是指能充分反映事物本质，具有代表性的事例与名言。它首先要求真实，切合题旨。其次，选用的论据要弃旧用新，要厚今薄古。有些同学作文，记住几个经典论据，如司马迁、居里夫人、张海迪，变换着角度使用，把它们当做万花油。其实，这些论据就算典型，也不能引人注目。相反，选取人无我有、人有我新的论据说理，使阅卷者在阅读时产生新鲜感，效果会更好。另外，有些同学习惯用古代事例阐述事理，整篇文章未能联系实际，无时代的活水，也不能达到充分说理的目的。最好能引述时尚言论和当前媒体普遍关注的事例辅助说理，加强说理的针对性、时代感，使文章更具说服力。

六、结好尾

结尾是全文内容发展的必然结果，是文章结构的重要组成部分。现代著名作家师陀曾说：“写文章不管长短，首先要考虑好结尾。有了结尾，如何开头，中间如何安排，便迎刃而解了。”好的结尾当如豹尾，响亮有力，令人警醒，催人奋进。如鲁迅的《论雷锋塔的倒掉》，结尾只有两个字：“活该!”短短两字，可谓简洁之至，力透纸背。

其实，文章的结尾有时比开头还重要。由于阅卷者看完结尾后即开始打分，因此，它的好坏还直接影响到阅卷者的评分心理。李渔曾说：“篇际之终当以媚语摄魂，使之执卷流连，若难遽别。”结尾如有此种效果，整篇文章将增色不少。议论文结尾的写作，要收束全文，突出中心论点;要体现全文结构的紧凑、完整，不能草率收兵，也不能画蛇添足;语言要干脆有力、清音留响，富有启发性和鼓舞性。

七、语言形象畅达

语言项是作文评分的重要标准。议论文的语言，要准确鲜明，生动形象。有些同学写议论文，常摆出说大道理的架式，将哲学原理和辩证法的术语一股脑搬出来，以求说理的充分、透彻，但效果适得其反。

一个道理有一千种说法，要尽量选用形象生动的说法。要显形象生动之效，除了采用比喻、类比、事例等论证方法外，形象畅达乃至华美的语言必不可少。如一篇评论加入wto后中国文化将怎么样的文章，其引语：“wto之后，全球的文化随着雄厚的资本入境，迎接或抵抗着民族主义的情绪，中国文化人需要学习的，是如何享受资本之中的快乐。”这段话虽简明，但失之简朴，如果稍加修饰，顿觉满目光华：“wto之后，全球的文化携资本的凌厉之风而来，迎接或抵抗着不再具有史诗般英雄色彩的民族主义情绪，中国文化人需要学习的，是在资本之中快乐地舞蹈。”同是说理，修饰之后，用语虽繁，但神秀意满，令人赏心悦目，毫无枯燥之感。

修饰议论文的语言，注意运用比喻、排比、对偶和反复等修辞，使文章形成华美流畅感;注意运用假设句、反问句或整句，使文章增强不可辩驳之势。修饰语言之功，虽不是一朝一夕可成，但只要积久成习，自然会有长进，写出让人如仰巍巍高山，如逐滔滔江河的说理雄文、美文。

作文是六级考试的一个重要得分部分，可说起写作技巧，很多同学都会皱眉头，抱怨无话可写，内容平淡。下面是小编整理的六级写作的七大要点，欢迎阅读。

一、 长短句原则。

工作还得一张一弛呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!

强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主题句原则。

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一 二 三原则。

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、短语优先原则。

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。

其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、多实少虚原则

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。

比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。

再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则。

1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go, Why he goes away…

5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。

6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!

七、挑战极限原则。

既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可以写出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!

1.时间分配要合理，要有时间观念，要留出充裕作文时间进行充足的思考。(确保5—8分钟的审题时间)

2.题目拟立要费些心力，力争新颖恰当，尤其不能缺漏文题。

3.开头、结尾要尽量打草稿。开头要做到先声夺人，结尾要做到感人肺腑。开头要引人(开门见山，直截了当;制造悬念，引人入胜;提出问题，引人注意;说明情况，交待背景)，结尾要有力(画龙点睛，发人深思;总结全文，照应开头;叙述结束，自然收尾;抒发情感，引起共鸣)。开头结尾忌讳冗长、拖沓，废话太多。

4.段落设置合理，全篇以6-8段为宜，每段尽量不要超过12行(180字)，尤其是开头，不宜篇幅过长，要迅速入题。

5.字迹要清晰，讲究卷面整洁，尽量不涂改。成文后注意检查错别字，特别是题目、开头和结尾处。

6.字数一定要满800字，实在不足要灵活机智、技巧取胜(一句一行、“无病呻吟”等等)。

It is quite usual that one meets failures, for ones life can never be plain sailing. However, different people hold different attitudes towards failure. Some people think it a heavy blow to fail in achieving something and they can not endure failure. When they meet failure, they will be seriously dejected and can never pluck up their courage to try again.

However, others think it natural to meet failures in ones career. Therefore, they are psychologically prepared. When they meet failures, they will not be frustrated. Instead, they will continue to meet new challenges. As to me, Im in favor of the latter view. Failure is really a terrible thing but it is also the mother of success. If one draws lessons from failures, in most cases he will get success in the future. Furthermore, ones life can never be smooth sailing; it must be full of difficulies and setbacks. If one is daunted by difficulies and frustrations, he will always be a failure. However, if one holds a positive attitude toward failure, he will overcome difficulties and frustrations to win victory.

遇到失败这是很平常，因为人的生命不可能一帆风顺。然而，不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。获取某些东西失败对有些人来说是一个沉重的打击，他们不能承受失败。当他们失败，他们将非常的沮丧并且不能鼓起勇气再试一次。

然而，其他人认为，在自己的职业生涯中的败是很自然的。因此，他们的心理有所准备。当他们遇到失败，他们不会失意。相反，他们将继续迎接新的挑战。就我而言，我赞成后一种观点。失败是一个可怕的事情，但它是成功之母。如果一个灵感来自失败的教训，在大多数情况下，他将在未来获得成功。此外，一个人的生活永远不会是一帆风顺的;它必须是充满困难和挫折。如果一个人被困难和挫折吓倒，他将永远是一个失败者。然而，如果耸对失败持有积极的态度，他将克服困难和挫折，赢得胜利。