小学英语写作比赛(20篇)

一年一度的拔河比赛就要开始了，同学们各个摩拳擦掌，跃跃欲试。

比赛开始的前一周，我被荣幸被选成了拔河队员，每天的练习让我们更强大，更有把握赢，让我们对未来的比赛更向往，更有憧憬。

比赛的那一天，同学们并不紧张，却很激动，因我们都想上去给对方大开眼界。比赛开始了!呼唤声和加油声响成一片。我们来到了绳子旁，拿起了绳子，等待哨声，哨声响了!我们向后拔，用尽了全力，我涨的满脸通红，不遗余力的向后拔，手都磨出血了，但我还是身子向后靠，拼命向后拔，我听到了同学们为我们加油，为我们鼓励，我又一想：前几学年度，我们班都是第一名，这次也不能输!于是，我又不顾一切的向后拔，忍着疼痛，忍着眼泪，就情不自禁的喊了一声：“六一加油，六一必胜”!队友们好像也有了力气，一边拼命的向后拔，一边喊“六一加油，六一必胜”!

最后，我们胜利了，我哭了，我并不是为自己哭，而是因为我给班级做了贡献。

Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. And it is the most popular festival in China. People often do different things before Spring

Festival. Some of them clean and decorate their houses. Some of them go shopping and buy some flowers. Some of them stay at home and do nothing. I usually help my mum clean the house. People get together and have a big meal at Spring Festival. They often eat fish, pork, goose, chicken, vegetables, soup and so on. I like Spring Festival very much, because adults give me some lucky money.

【导语】英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。提高中考写作水平，需要有效的训练。下面关于英语作文的写作方法，一起来阅读下文吧!

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

Hello,today is May Day.I and My father,mother and sister went shopping.We bought,lollipops,ice creams,cornflakes,toasts,butter,orange,milk and rolls.And my mother bought toys for me.Such as:train,ball,balloon,car,doll,plane and skateboard.After that we went to zoo.I saw rabbit,tigers,snails,and lions,hamsters,budgies and zebras.My sister asked me“what do your like?”I answered“I like skipping rope.That’s very nice.”She said“Here is you prize,Sunny!”“Oh,thank you!I love it!”I shouted.We sat under a tree.After lunch we drank some milk.

Today I am very happy!

Hello, everyone. My name is Andy. I am from England. I am 13. I am tall and thin. I have short hair. I live with my family in a small town by the sea. My mum is an Art teacher. My dad is a doctor. I have a sister and a brother. Every day, I go to school by bus. My favorite subjects are Math, Art and Science. I love my school because the teachers are all very friendly. My dream is to be a scientist. I am sure it .

有序观察是写好状物类作文的基础。下面小编来给大家介绍小学状物作文的写作方法，希望对大家有帮助!

一、语言要有趣

如习作《蚂蚁》。作者在写蚂蚊的独特功能时，是这样写的：“除了四周的景物能帮助蚂蚁辨别方向外，它们还有一个自身的‘法宝’，这就是在蚂蚁走过的地方都会留下一种特殊的气味，掉队的蚂蚁根据这种气味就能确定方向。倘若用樟脑丸一类的怪气味弥散在蚂蚁走过的路径上，那么后来的蚂蚁就会因找不到那种特殊的气味而迷失方向。”这是作者知识的积累与生活的积累相互融合的结果。

又如，习作《姥姥家的小黑狗》。作者在介绍小黑狗的外形特点时如是说：“(它)一身乌黑发亮的皮毛，就像黑缎子一样油亮光滑;雪白的小爪儿，俨如四朵梅花;那条翘着的小尾巴总是不停地摇摆着;特别是那对黑白分明的小眼睛，总是四处张望，充满着兴奋和好奇。”这里，作者用了生动的比喻，写出了小黑狗皮毛的油亮和爪子的厚实;又用“不停地摇”写出了小黑狗对熟人的媚态;还用“四处张望”来写小黑狗的警觉与好奇。语言富有生活的情趣，突出了小黑狗的漂亮与可爱。

因此，语言的理趣是知识性的体现，情趣是情感性的体现。只有结合为一体，方能显示状物类作文语言的知识性与趣味性。

二、观察要有序

有序观察是写好状物类作文的基础。一要按顺序观察，二要抓住特点进行观察，只有进行有序观察，才能写出条理清晰的文章。

如，苏教版六年级(上册)《麋鹿》。在介绍其外形时这样写道：“它的外形很奇特：角似鹿，面似马，蹄似牛，尾似驴，所以又被称为‘四不像’。”这里的观察顺序是：由上而下，由前而后。作者抓住麋鹿角、面、蹄、尾的特点，寥寥数语，却勾画得栩栩如生。

又如，苏教版五年级(上)“练习册”上有一段对熊猫的描写，形象逼真，凸现熊猫的生活习性。“熊猫睡觉时，腹部朝天。有时，它用前爪轻轻地拍着肚子;有时，它两腿一蹬，便翻了个身。”“它睡醒了就翻身起来，用手揉了揉腥忪的眼睛，好奇地望望人们。然后迈着蹒跚的步子走到栏杆的另一边，坐了下来，好像想清醒一下头脑似的。”这里，作者抓住熊猫嗜睡的特点，写得饶有趣味。

三、结构要有“形”

根据表达的需要，文章有纵式结构与横式结构之别。初学状物类作文，以纵式结构为主，以纵横交错式结构为辅。如“总分”或“总分总”结构。

例，习作《银杏》。可以先介绍它的外形特征，再写出它的价值或用途，诸如营养价值和药有价值等。从总体上看，全文为纵式结构。而在介绍其价值或用途中，又采用横式(并列式)结构。这样，介绍的内容尽管较多，但由于结构清晰，也就显得有条不紊。

又如，习作《猪》。作者从对猪这种动物的偏爱入手，开篇破题：“其实，猪是一种聪明可爱的动物。”接着，文章分别从猪的智力、嗅觉、起居、饮食等方面展现它的聪明可爱。这种“总分式”结构条分缕析，学生容易模仿。有的同学为了进一步突出家养猪的可爱，还简约地将野猪与家养猪作对比。这样，不仅丰富了写作的内容，而且凸现了文章的中心。

四、方法要有变

状物类作文的写作方法也不是一成不变的。仅就叙述的人称而言，就有第一人称与第三人称之异。当然，各有各的妙处。例《钢笔和原珠笔》，叙述时采用第一人称，既显得亲切，又便于介绍。为了行文需要，人称也可以转换。如，《铺路石》。从整体上说，用的是第三人称，“它来自大山之中，它是大山的儿子。为了人类的需要，它离开了母亲的怀抱，来到了繁华的闹市，来到了宁静的村庄……”而在文章的结尾，为了礼赞的需要，转为第二人称。“铺路石，你是山的精灵，你是大山的忠实儿子!你默默无闻，但大地没有忘记你，高山没有忘记你。看，高山顶上的巨石，不正是大地母亲为你树立的丰碑吗?”这种第三人称与第二人称的交替作用，使知识性和情感性得以和谐统一，叙的是“铺路石”，颂的是“劳动者”。

现代写作学认为，写作是一种观念形态的活动，是客观外界事物在头脑中加工制作的过程。从这一意义上来说，状物类作文的指导要以有序观察为基础，情趣表达为载体，有形结构为借鉴，行文有变为方法，经典引路，以读促写。实践证明，这是一条行之有效的写作途径。

在我们成长过程中，会遇到各种各样难忘的事。它可能是一次挫折，可能是一次游戏，可能是一次……而我最难忘的就当数上周五举行的拔河比赛了。

比赛这天，天气晴朗，阳光明媚，很适合比赛。于是我们六班和三班就在体育老师们的带领下举行了这次拔河比赛。我们一个个陆续来到比赛场地坐好。因为比赛快要开始了，所以两班都在如火如荼地挑选身强力壮的人参加比赛，我可是我们班上的大力士，怎么能不参加呢?挑选完选手后我们两班都整齐地分布在拔河绳的两侧，一个个都摩拳擦掌地准备大显身手，帮自己班赢得比赛。

“ 吡~”比赛开始了。每位选手都用尽全力，想为自己班赢得荣誉。而我更是使出了吃奶的力气使劲地拔。只见拔河绳中红色布条一下左一下右，不分胜负。

“啊~~”突然一声尖叫，我们班的同学们都摔倒在地。。三班怎么突然放手啊?真是阴险!我在心里埋怨。可是当我站起来看到眼前的情景惊呆了，原来根本就不是三班突然放手而是拔河绳断了!我不禁苦笑：我们的力气真大啊!就这样拔河比赛在我们的惊讶中结束了。“人多力量大”这五个字出闪现在我的脑海里，是啊，不正是我们那么多人齐心合力地拔，拔河绳才会被我们拔断的吗?

虽然这次比赛很普通，但在我眼中它却是最特别也是最让我难忘的。因为它让我明白了“人多力量大”的道理。

October 5, 2002

Dear Mike,

Your letter and package reached me yesterday. You really give me a great surprise. I was wondering what was in such a nice package until I carefully opened it and found that you sent me an attractive present for my birthday. Thank you very much for your kindness, and I like the present, which will give me pleasure for a long time to come.

Again it is thoughtful of you to send me the present on my birthday. Yesterday evening my colleagues held a birthday party for me, including John Liu---I think you can remember---a nice tall boy, who invited you and I to his birthday last October. We enjoyed ourselves, and all of us mentioned your stay with us. We hope that you will come to China soon, if possible.

Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.

Yours,

Peter Wang

小学四年级英语日记

Spring comes.ltsgetting warmer and warmer.Everything is dry, trees, fields and even the air. Just then, it rains. lts as soft as silk. lt washes the dirty of the earth and waters the plants and the fields. lt also waters peoples hears. Farmers stand in the spring rain and smile.

Spring rain is as dear as oil They seem to see the harvest time inautumn. Spring rain brings water to the air. It also brings hope to people.

小学四年级英语日记

Next week I would like to go to Kaifeng and parents. Kaifeng has many great snacks, such as steamed buns, sesame seed Gaul. Kaifeng also on the famous Qingming River Park, I think it has to be very beautiful. My parents will be opened to see my uncle and live in his house one night.

小学四年级英语日记

August 12,2012 Friday Today, I did housework for grandmother. She is not very healthy and I decide to do housework for her more frequently. And she will feel happy and become better. Suddenly, an idea hit me that it’s terrible to grow old becuase you have to worry about both your health and others’ opinions. Once again, I make a decision to be a good girl.

I had a lovely little white rabbit, it was long with a pair of long ears, red eyes like two rubies, a pink little nose, smooth very, under the nose there is a three mouth, mouth In the long two white teeth, the body of the hair like a large cashmere, his front legs are relatively short retreat relatively long. There is a short tail behind the ass, very beautiful!

Every morning, I am prepared to ask the mysterious guests breakfast, who do you guess I told you that is the lovely little rabbit, I took out his favorite carrots and leaves, it went to her door to the leaves Put it in the bowl, and said loudly: "Come on, come out to eat." Soon it will come out, I want to give it a joke, I picked up the leaves, it desperately pull, who knows me Let go, just hear "when" it fell a four feet overturned, funny I laughed, it relish to eat up.

I like this cute little white rabbit.

今天，老师让我们玩了一个游戏，名字叫桌上拔河。

老师拿出一把尺子，开始说明游戏规则：把尺子的中心对准划在桌子上的中线，用大拇指和食指捏住尺子的一端使劲拉向自己这边，谁把尺子拉过中线，谁就赢了。但注意不能让尺子离开桌面。

老师让我们同桌进行拔河比赛，我急忙拿出尺子，用中心点对准中线，我和同桌都用右手紧紧捏住尺子，眼睛紧盯着中心线，心里十分紧张，好像要跳出来似的。大家都做好了比赛的准备，要较量一番，一决胜负。老师一声“开始”，我心想，我一定要赢她。于是，我使出全身的力气，拼命地拉尺子，把脸涨得通红。同桌也毫不示弱，拼命地拉着，眼睛瞪得好像要弹出来似的，这时，她用力一拉，我未做防备，一下子被拉过去好几格，这下我慌了神儿，赶紧使出吃奶的劲儿拼命拉，终于反败为胜，赢得了这场比赛。我从座位上跳了起来，开心地手舞足蹈。而同桌不服气地说：“有本事咱再比一次!比不比?”

教室里一片欢腾，这样有趣的游戏真令人难忘啊!

As everyone knows, stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is

no way to avoid it. As the pace of modern life continues to increase, we are

always feeling on the go from morning till night. And it is hard to slow down.

Therefore, stress goes hand in hand with the life in a competitive society.

Different people, however, think of stress quite differently. Some believe

that stress is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. They are of the

opinion that a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give

purpose to life. Others argue that stress contributes to one’s mental decline

and hence endangers his health. According to them, relaxation, the opposite of

stress, is essential for a healthy mind and body.

Personally, I’m in favor of the former view. I think it is impossible to

avoid stress when one is entirely devoted to the career he pursues. In my

opinion, it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor

performance and ill health.

“1——2——3——拉!”激烈的拔河比赛在操场进行着，正是我们六年级二班和六年一班的拔河比赛。

赛场上加油助威声连成一片，我在赛场上拿着绳子，将绳子在我手上缠了一圈，开始向后发力，我的脸憋得通红，仿佛身在战场，丝毫不敢放松。

比赛到了白热化阶段，对方猛然加力正是重要时刻，我的鞋底却像抹了油一般，一滑，我摔倒了。一瞬间，我方少了一个人的力量，对方看准时机猛然发力，我们立刻如割韭菜一般倒下——我们输了。

我知道这一次是因为我的错，也许是我的姿势不对，也许是我鞋的原因，也许是没睡好……我知道我们败了，是因为我输了，输得很严重，我不敢看他们的眼神，可能那眼神如千年寒冰，如狼的眼神般尖锐……我逃到一个角落，轻轻地抽泣，天上阴云密布，寒风潇潇。

也许是他们才反应过来，少了一个人，开始满操场找我，他们找到我了。

“没事的，不就是一场比赛吗?下午还有一场，扳回来不就好了!”他们轻轻地安慰我，此时我觉得阴云散去，阳光又回到了我的心田。

“我有一种新方法!”我说：“我们将一个胖子放到最后，用绳子缠腰向后坐，这样便可以将重量化为力量。”出于羞愧的我提出了这个想法。“诶，这个想法不错，就这么干!”他们接纳了我的意见，我开心极了，可以帮到大家，我非常开心。

下午，比赛马上开始，我站到队伍的前列，严阵以待，转头一看，后面八个胖子正在——吃饭?对，为了增重，必须这样。

比赛开始了，我尽力地向后拉，我发现对方力气很小，原来后面可还有一“吨”的重量呢，这次绳子如一根箭般飞到了我们身旁，我们胜利了!

直到现在我才发现，我败了，败于愧疚，也胜了，胜于自己与同学们的友情。

22 October 2004

Dear Sir,

I would like to apply for the post of Works Manager, which was advertised in The Guardian of I2 October 2004. I feel that my qualifications and experience are ideally suited for the position.

I was born in 1968, and I went to school from 1973 to 1988. In 1987 I took the General Certificate of Education, and I got good grades in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. After leaving school, I attended the Orient Technical College, where I first studied Fiber Technology and Color Chemistry; later I studied other subjects related to textile manufacture, and in 1991 I obtained the Diploma in Textiles.

After completing my studies, I joined the Top Clothing Company where I worked until 1996. In that year I moved to Prior Productions, who was pleased with my work, and as a result, in 1998, I was promoted to Assistant Works Manager there.

I enjoy my work, and I am prepared to work hard. Moreover, I am sure that Prior Productions would give me an excellent reference. I therefore feel that my application deserves your serious consideration.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Mary Ma

January 18 2014

It was the second day of our winter holiday. I felt good. I felt I’m free. I had a lot of time to do things I like. My parents are in Beijing. So I live alone but I don’t feel lonely. But I didn’t do something special.

I stayed at home and watched TV. Oh! I wrote an English daily composition. It was my homework. Today, I have slept for 14 hours. I thought I was very tired. It was time for dinner. I must go! I am very hungry.

[小学寒假80字英语日记

关于野餐的六年级英语作文篇1

It is a nice Sunday.The air is fresh and the sky is blue.The classmates of Class one Grade seven is having a pinic on Nan Shan.Look,some students are looking at how to cook the food.Jane is washing vegetabels .Tom is catching fish in the river.And other classmates are laying the table.They are all busy,but they are very happy.What a nice picnic it is!

关于野餐的六年级英语作文篇2

Last Sundy I went to the park with my friend.It took us an hour to get there by bike.It was sunny and warm that day.There were lots of people in the park.We climbed the mountain and went boating.And we had a picnic in the park,too.When we finished the picnic,we picked up the rubbish and threw it into the dusbin.We thought it was our duty to make the environment clean.We had a good time that day.

关于野餐的六年级英语作文篇3

Yesterday,I went to have a picnic with my old classmates.We dated with each other several days ago.And we were all expecting the day#39;s come. At last, the excited day came. We went to the part where we have decided to have the picnic. During the picnic ,we talked with each other,played games,and so on. On balance, I had a nice day and I will never forget it.Because it is so happy in the picnic and we remaided so many pleasures things in our childhood.

关于野餐的六年级英语作文篇4

We had a picnic in fall last year. first we climbed to the top of the hill. we saw many pupils there. we talked ,laughed and played together. then at picnic time, we shared our food .we saw a beautiful stream near by. but there was much rubbish in it. that#39;s a pity .we thought we should tell the people to protect our living environment. so after our picnic, we put up several signs near the stream. we wrote "please keep the stream clean and beautiful" on the signs. time to go home, we said goodbye each other and we made an appointment of next year.. on our way home, we all thought that#39;s a very interesting picnic.

关于野餐的六年级英语作文篇5

It was a sunny day. We decided to have a picnic outside the city. In the morning, we took an early bus to Nanhui. It was quite a colorful world. there were GREen trees, orange leaves,red peach blossoms. At noon, we reached the place, we sat by the river bank and took out a lot of things, such as bread, orange juice, apples, cakes, eggs and so on.But all of a sudden, it began to rain. Unluckily there was no shelter nearby. We had to take a bus to go back home in a hurry.

What an unforgettable picnic it was!

说明文是一种对事物作客观说明的一种文体，目的在于给予读者知识。以下是小学生说明文的写作方法，欢迎阅读。

小学生对说明文的写作最感头痛，往往举步维艰。 其实，说明文只要理顺了头绪，把阅读说明文和写作说明文结合起来，以阅读课文为写作借鉴的范例，多观察、多分析、多练习，就能逐步学会选用恰当的说明方法，正确而有条理地说明事物的特征。 说明文的特点主要有说明性、知识性、科学性、实用性。说明文，即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。 说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说，要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。

说明文的手法  说明文首要的一点是明确说明的对象，然后用准确的语言，结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。

常用的说明手法

举例子、列数字、分类别、

打比方、下定义、做引用、

作比较、摹状貌、画图表、

作假设、作诠释

作用举例：

1．举例子：具体形象地说明……(说明对象)的……特征，使说明更具体。

[举例子]：将复杂的、抽象的事物或概念，用具体、形象、易于理解的典型事例来说明。例如说明死海的“死”，列举海水中没有鱼虾、水草，甚至连海边也寸草不生的事例作证;说明死海的“不死”，列举即使不会游泳的人，也总是浮在水面上，不用担心会被淹死的事例，让人信服。

2．列数字：科学准确地说明……的……特征，使说明更具说服力。

[列数字]：些事物从数量上便于说明特征，可以运用一些数字来说明。例如《太阳》中：其实，太阳离我们有一亿五千万公里远。到太阳上去，如步行，日夜不停地走，差不多要走三千五百年;就是坐飞机，也要飞二十几年。

3．分类别：条理清晰地说明……的……的特征，使说明更具条理性。

分类别的说明方法，是一个大的概念中，包含着若干的小的概念，这若干小的概念同属一个大范畴而又相互并列，没有主从关系，更没有比较的特点。

4．做比较：清晰明了地说明……的……的特征，使说明更具说服力。

[作比较]：把被说明的事物与其他事物进行比较，显示事物的特征。通过比较，可以认识事物的特殊点、或被说明的事物与其他事物的共同点。

例如《太阳》中：“我们看太阳，觉得它并不大，实际上它大得很，130万个地球才能抵得上一个太阳。”拿地球跟太阳作比较，突出地说明了太阳的体积之大这一特点。

作比较的说明方法、一般有主有从，主事物是被说明对象，从事物不是要说明的对象，而只是为说明主事物服务的，为了说明人们所不熟悉的主事物，而选一个人们熟悉的从事物跟它相比以让人们更清楚地了解主事物的某种特点，这就是作比较，

5．打比方：生动形象地说明……的……特点，增强文章的趣味性。

[打比方]：把此事物比作彼事物从而把此事物的特征解说得确切具体、浅显易懂。例如《太阳》中：“太阳会发光，会发热，是个大火球。”这打比方，把太阳的形状及会发光发热的特点生动地反映出来了。

6．下定义：用简明科学的语言对……加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征、事理。

在语言要求上，下定义的语句要求是个明确的判断，语言形式一般为“某某是什么?”或“某某叫什么”语言要求准确、概括、简洁，不允许出现比喻、拟人等修辞方法而作诠释就没有这些限制，只要做到说明准确、严密即可。

下定义即用简明的语言对事物的本质属性作概括性的说明，以便确定被说明事物的范围和界限。

7．作诠释：对……加以具体的揭示说明，使说明更加通俗易懂。

作诠释是注释说明，一般对事物作通俗的介绍，对事理的性质和特点进行解说。

8．引资料：具体地说明了……的……的特征，是说明更具说服力。

[引用]：引用有关名言、资料、典故、诗词、民彦、俗语、传说等充当说明的内容或依据来说明、介绍事物。例如《太阳》中：有这么一个传说：古时候，天上有十个太阳，晒得地面寸草不生，人们热得受不了，就找一个箭法很好的人射掉了九个，只留下一个，地面上才不那么热了。

9．摹状貌：生动形象地说明了……的……的特征，使说明更具体。

10．列图表：直观形象地说明了……的……的特点，是说明更具体。

说明文的分类

一、对象

按说明的对象不同分为：

1、事物说明文：着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等。如《中国石拱桥》;

2、事理说明文：重在说明事理。事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地，如《统筹方法》等。

这两类说明文常用的也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征，常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法，事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征，要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候，在同一篇文章中，几种说明手法都要用到，相辅相成，互为补充。

二、语言

从语言表达方式上可分为：

平实说明文和文艺性说明文。

说明文的语言要求准确和简明。有的说明文要讲究语言的平实，有的讲究语言的生动。但不论是平实还是生动，都要求准确、简明，要注意说明文的科学性。主要有以下几点：

一. 简洁性。说明文的遣词造句，应简洁平实、通俗易懂。

二. 准确性。说明文以传授知识为目的，这就要求它必须用准确的语言，如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律。说明文的语言的准确性是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等，都要求准确无误。

三、科学性。介绍科学知识的说明文，要特别注重科学术语的准确使用。

四、严密性。为了使读者对较复杂的事物、较深奥的事理有明晰确切的理解，说明文常常恰当地使用修饰和限制词语，讲究语言的周到严密。

五、条理性。任何事物都具有它本身的条理，我们说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序，使之眉目清楚，有条不紊。

六. 逻辑性。有的说明文，要从事物的内在联系上进行说明，语言逻辑性强。

七. 趣味性。叶圣陶先生说：“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话，说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。

说明文语言的准确性体现在如下几个方面：

①、表示时间

对时间的说明要尽量做到精确，如：一天有24小时，每小时有60分种，每分钟有60秒。但是像“这座桥（赵州桥）修建于公元605年左右，到现在已经一千三百多年了。”（茅以升《中国石拱桥》），这里的两处数字说明，由于年代久远，只能用推测的方法，表面上看似乎不精确，实际上正好体现了说明文语言的准确性。

②、表示空间

“我国的建筑，从古代的宫殿到近代的一般住房，绝大部分是对称的……”（叶圣陶《苏州园林》）这里的“绝大部分”表明并非所有的“宫殿”和“住房”都是对称的，也有少部分并不对称，这种客观的说明同样体现了说明文语言的准确性。

③、表示范围

“死海地处约旦和巴勒斯坦之间南北走向的大裂谷的中段，它的南北长80公里，东西宽约5至17公里，海水平均深度300米，最深的地方大约有400米。

Today is Mid-autumn Day. I have a big meal at home with my parents and

relatives. This is an important festival, so my mother was busy with preparing

the dinner from morning. She bought a lot of foods for the dinner. We ate the

dinner at 5:30 p.m.. The dinner was very delicious. I was so full. After dinner,

we went to theHongTingParkto enjoy the glorious full moon. There were many

people in the park. We talked to each other and strangers. Of course, the moon

cake was essential. We had a great night there.

Do you know about holidays? We like holidays. Parents and children enjoy holidays. Children receive many gifts from their parents. Parents also receive gifts from their good children.

Holidays are about happiness! Holidays are about a lot of food and drinks! Holidays are about families! Holidays are about beautiful clothes! Holidays are about music and dance! Holidays are about fireworks! Holidays are fun!

People look very happy. They go to restaurants and eat good meals. We see beautiful lights on the streets. We hear holiday music everywhere. We like holidays very much!

Lantern Festival The 15th day of the 1st lunar month is the Chinese Lantern

Festival because the first lunar month is called yuan-month and in the ancient

times people called night Xiao. The 15th day is the first night to see a full

moon. So the day is also called Yuan Xiao Festival in China. According to the

Chinese tradition, at the very beginning of a new year, when there is a bright

full moon hanging in the sky, there should be thousands of colorful lanterns

hung out for people to appreciate. At this time, people will try to solve the

puzzles on the lanterns and eat yuanxiao (glutinous rice ball) and get all their

families united in the joyful atmosphere.

“嘟”随着一声哨响，决赛里的第一场比赛开始了。只见我们班的队员都鼓足了劲，一只脚挨着一只脚，用力地往后拉。对方也不是好惹的，不过，我们班的队员还是把绳子上的铁锁拉出了我们这边的底线。Yes，棋开得胜!

接着，第二场比赛开始了。这一回，对方显得厉害了，铁锁一直在对方的领地里徘徊，对方的拉拉队有规律地喊着“一二，加油。”我们班围观的同学也在自发地大声喊着：“加油——加油——。”可是不一会儿，我们队就败下阵来。

休息时，同学们都很疲惫，很丧气。有些同学恨恨地喝几口水，有些同学紧皱着眉头，还有些同学干脆躺在地上。看到这里，班主任野老师立刻安慰队员，“输了不可怕，我们要再接再厉。争取把决胜盘拿下来，冠军就是我们的了!听到这儿，队员们又抖擞精神，一个个憋足了劲儿地上了赛场。

决胜盘开始了。野老师和赵老师带着同学们齐声喊道：“加油!加油!”这震耳欲聋加油声使得场上场下的同学们心往一处想，劲儿往一处使。“我要用尽我全部的力量去给班级争荣誉、争第一。”是每一个三班同学的心声。在大家顽强的拼搏下，我们终于赢得了决胜盘，夺取了冠军。场下同学为队员们的胜利而欢呼，场上的队员们也都个个乐的合不拢嘴了。

团结就是力量!这次比赛真让我受益蜚浅。