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小学生说明文的写作方法

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说明文是一种对事物作客观说明的一种文体,目的在于给予读者知识。以下是小学生说明文的写作方法,欢迎阅读。

小学生对说明文的写作最感头痛,往往举步维艰。 其实,说明文只要理顺了头绪,把阅读说明文和写作说明文结合起来,以阅读课文为写作借鉴的范例,多观察、多分析、多练习,就能逐步学会选用恰当的说明方法,正确而有条理地说明事物的特征。 说明文的特点主要有说明性、知识性、科学性、实用性。说明文,即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。 说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说,要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。

说明文的手法  说明文首要的一点是明确说明的对象,然后用准确的语言,结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。

常用的说明手法

举例子、列数字、分类别、

打比方、下定义、做引用、

作比较、摹状貌、画图表、

作假设、作诠释

作用举例:

1.举例子:具体形象地说明……(说明对象)的……特征,使说明更具体。

[举例子]:将复杂的、抽象的事物或概念,用具体、形象、易于理解的典型事例来说明。例如说明死海的“死”,列举海水中没有鱼虾、水草,甚至连海边也寸草不生的事例作证;说明死海的“不死”,列举即使不会游泳的人,也总是浮在水面上,不用担心会被淹死的事例,让人信服。

2.列数字:科学准确地说明……的……特征,使说明更具说服力。

[列数字]:些事物从数量上便于说明特征,可以运用一些数字来说明。例如《太阳》中:其实,太阳离我们有一亿五千万公里远。到太阳上去,如步行,日夜不停地走,差不多要走三千五百年;就是坐飞机,也要飞二十几年。

3.分类别:条理清晰地说明……的……的特征,使说明更具条理性。

分类别的说明方法,是一个大的概念中,包含着若干的小的概念,这若干小的概念同属一个大范畴而又相互并列,没有主从关系,更没有比较的特点。

4.做比较:清晰明了地说明……的……的特征,使说明更具说服力。

[作比较]:把被说明的事物与其他事物进行比较,显示事物的特征。通过比较,可以认识事物的特殊点、或被说明的事物与其他事物的共同点。

例如《太阳》中:“我们看太阳,觉得它并不大,实际上它大得很,130万个地球才能抵得上一个太阳。”拿地球跟太阳作比较,突出地说明了太阳的体积之大这一特点。

作比较的说明方法、一般有主有从,主事物是被说明对象,从事物不是要说明的对象,而只是为说明主事物服务的,为了说明人们所不熟悉的主事物,而选一个人们熟悉的从事物跟它相比以让人们更清楚地了解主事物的某种特点,这就是作比较,

5.打比方:生动形象地说明……的……特点,增强文章的趣味性。

[打比方]:把此事物比作彼事物从而把此事物的特征解说得确切具体、浅显易懂。例如《太阳》中:“太阳会发光,会发热,是个大火球。”这打比方,把太阳的形状及会发光发热的特点生动地反映出来了。

6.下定义:用简明科学的语言对……加以揭示,从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征、事理。

在语言要求上,下定义的语句要求是个明确的判断,语言形式一般为“某某是什么?”或“某某叫什么”语言要求准确、概括、简洁,不允许出现比喻、拟人等修辞方法而作诠释就没有这些限制,只要做到说明准确、严密即可。

下定义即用简明的语言对事物的本质属性作概括性的说明,以便确定被说明事物的范围和界限。

7.作诠释:对……加以具体的揭示说明,使说明更加通俗易懂。

作诠释是注释说明,一般对事物作通俗的介绍,对事理的性质和特点进行解说。

8.引资料:具体地说明了……的……的特征,是说明更具说服力。

[引用]:引用有关名言、资料、典故、诗词、民彦、俗语、传说等充当说明的内容或依据来说明、介绍事物。例如《太阳》中:有这么一个传说:古时候,天上有十个太阳,晒得地面寸草不生,人们热得受不了,就找一个箭法很好的人射掉了九个,只留下一个,地面上才不那么热了。

9.摹状貌:生动形象地说明了……的……的特征,使说明更具体。

10.列图表:直观形象地说明了……的……的特点,是说明更具体。

说明文的分类

一、对象

按说明的对象不同分为:

1、事物说明文:着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等。如《中国石拱桥》;

2、事理说明文:重在说明事理。事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地,如《统筹方法》等。

这两类说明文常用的也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征,常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法,事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征,要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候,在同一篇文章中,几种说明手法都要用到,相辅相成,互为补充。

二、语言

从语言表达方式上可分为:

平实说明文和文艺性说明文。

说明文的语言要求准确和简明。有的说明文要讲究语言的平实,有的讲究语言的生动。但不论是平实还是生动,都要求准确、简明,要注意说明文的科学性。主要有以下几点:

一. 简洁性。说明文的遣词造句,应简洁平实、通俗易懂。

二. 准确性。说明文以传授知识为目的,这就要求它必须用准确的语言,如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律。说明文的语言的准确性是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等,都要求准确无误。

三、科学性。介绍科学知识的说明文,要特别注重科学术语的准确使用。

四、严密性。为了使读者对较复杂的事物、较深奥的事理有明晰确切的理解,说明文常常恰当地使用修饰和限制词语,讲究语言的周到严密。

五、条理性。任何事物都具有它本身的条理,我们说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序,使之眉目清楚,有条不紊。

六. 逻辑性。有的说明文,要从事物的内在联系上进行说明,语言逻辑性强。

七. 趣味性。叶圣陶先生说:“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话,说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。

说明文语言的准确性体现在如下几个方面:

①、表示时间

对时间的说明要尽量做到精确,如:一天有24小时,每小时有60分种,每分钟有60秒。但是像“这座桥(赵州桥)修建于公元605年左右,到现在已经一千三百多年了。”(茅以升《中国石拱桥》),这里的两处数字说明,由于年代久远,只能用推测的方法,表面上看似乎不精确,实际上正好体现了说明文语言的准确性。

②、表示空间

“我国的建筑,从古代的宫殿到近代的一般住房,绝大部分是对称的……”(叶圣陶《苏州园林》)这里的“绝大部分”表明并非所有的“宫殿”和“住房”都是对称的,也有少部分并不对称,这种客观的说明同样体现了说明文语言的准确性。

③、表示范围

“死海地处约旦和巴勒斯坦之间南北走向的大裂谷的中段,它的南北长80公里,东西宽约5至17公里,海水平均深度300米,最深的地方大约有400米。

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Computer has considered to be one of the most important inventions in 20

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小学实习的每一天都是充满意义与欢乐的,每一天每一名学生都能给我带来新的体验与感悟,我看到他们在成长,在变成一个越来越懂事的大孩子。放学后的路上,甚至不知不觉走过了头儿,又折了回去。回到寝室,我激动的心情溢于言表!但总感觉无论我用多么感人肺腑的话语,都无法比拟这一天在学校度过的令我感动的、难忘的点点滴滴!

充实的一天

今天是忙碌的,整整一个上午,都是在不断的听写英语、督促同学们学习中度过的,下课了,我就立刻找那些英语单词背不好的孩子听写,课上,便马不停蹄的批作业,并且时刻盯着宇,让她学习。我是喜欢和她一起学习的,感觉她是有那种学习的热情的,可以给我以感染力,又让我充满动力与激情。她也是听话的,只是稍微不仔细了一些,慢慢改正,应该是可以的。

让优秀坚持下去

中午批数学卷时,我分配给了几名学生,他们都欣然接受了,只有艾不想批,我对她说:你不是答应老师可以做值日班长吗?为什么又不要做了?优秀是需要坚持的,今天优秀,明天就不了那算不上优秀。艾似乎觉得有道理,便争着要批卷了。在我看来,艾是个心灵手巧、善于观察的小姑娘,只是有时候不太注意自己是在一个集体中,总做一些特立独行的事情,但这些并不影响她成为一个优秀的人,如果她能把这份优秀一直坚持下去,那真的是不可估量啊!

肩负一份责任

今天,我考了很多同学英语单词,并且让她们的同桌考他们第二轮、第三轮,直到全对为止,其中就有一直很愿意帮助同学的卓,她真是个温文尔雅的好姑娘。还有一个就是让我刮目相看的达,我一直认为学习好的同学只会学习,不会帮助别人,但这一观点,将从今天起转变。我让达督促他的同桌然背单词,达尽职尽责,不仅监督然学习,还一字一句的教他。中午,我见然回到教室开始学习,虽说是在补之前欠的债,但我还是很欣喜的,不多久,达也回来了,是回来帮助然的,着实让我很受感动。在达身上,我看到了一份对同学无私奉献的爱和他那弱小的肩上支起的坚定的责任!相比之下,辛,你要加油了!今天就你没有考呀,至少该对自己负责吧,期待可以看到你主动来找我听写哦!

把机会让给他

下午上了一节令人震撼的语文公开课,不仅因为老师和同学们精彩的配合,更是因为那个多次发言的禹(同学们说他外刚内萌,感觉很有趣)。在这节课快要下课时,老师再次点到了他,但他并没有急于回答,而是说:老师,我把这个机会让给我的同桌,因为他也总举手,可是一次机会也没有得到。顿时,听课的老师们被禹的回答说笑了,包括安老师也包括我,这个笑绝对不是嘲笑,也不是搞笑,而是一种欣慰的笑,一种赞赏的笑。在大家都急于表现自己的时候,禹的这种友情、这种谦让,让所有人为他竖起大拇指,又怎能不令我感动呢?

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篇12:关于小学四年级寒假英语日记400字

全文共 500 字

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【摘要】时间飞逝,2014年的寒假如约而至。新的一年,新的希冀。对于广大小学生朋友来说怎样才能度过一个既快乐又充实的寒假呢?为此小学频道为大家搜集整理了四年级寒假英语日记400字,让大家在享受假期的同时,轻松愉快的安排好自己的学习生活!

February9201Ihavelosttwocomputers,butIhadanotherone.Iboughtitaboutfiveyearsago.Itcanbecalledcurio.Thoughitwasold.Butitcanstillwork.Althoughitworksslowly,Iwaspleased.Icangooninternetagain.Chattingwithmyfriendsisagoodrelaxing.Intheinternet,oneofmyoldfriendsinvitedmetotomorrow’sparty.Hetoldmethatsomefriendswouldgo,too.SoIpromisedtogo.A-ha!Icanseemyoldfriends.Iwasveryhappyandhopeful.

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篇13:保护文化遗产英语作文小学

全文共 789 字

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When the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerbergs daughter was born, he

announced a general decision and surprised the world. Mark told media that he

would donate 99 percent of his fortune to the charity organizations. Some people

wonder why he did not save the heritage for his offspring. In fact, in western

countries, for some rich people, they dont trend to leave much fortune for

their kids, instead, they use the money to educate their children and cultivate

them to be the wise persons. The rich people leave the invisible fortune, which

is their fame. Their children can have more chances to do their business or

receive better education with their family names. The wise rich men know the

best way to educate their offspring. They teach skills and the way of thinking,

which values everything.

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篇14:小学4年级英语写一封信

全文共 1374 字

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22 March 2006

Dear Mr. Wang,

Thank you for a rapid response to our invitation. Enclosed you will find an outline of events to take place during International Week here at the University of Montana. I will also list a number of possible speaking engagements so that you can choose those things in which you are most interested. As far as topics are concerned, the topics for classroom visits are generally determined by the professor, but most professors are very flexible. We have approximately thirty-five faculty members that teach courses in Asian Studies, ranging from language and culture to history and economics.

Here is a tentative schedule:

Sunday, April 8th

10 am - Cultural Exhibition opens

12 am - International Festival begins with a speech by the university president and an introduction of visiting dignitaries

1-5 pm - Opportunity to visit festival, interact with student performers, taste foods

6 pm - Dinner with Director of Mansfield Center Phil West, Ambassador Mark Johnson, and staff of Mansfield Center

As you can see, there is tremendous interest in China here at the University of Montana. Please let me know if this outline suits your purpose, and if not, please dont hesitate to offer any suggestions for changes. We can arrange as many or as few speaking engagements as you have time for.

Thank you for your attention and enthusiasm.

Yours sincerely,

Lily Ma

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篇15:小学英语自我介绍的

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Good morning, my admirable professors and my dear fellows. It’s my great

honor to be here to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Xing Heng and I’m

in my eighteen years old. I come fromXiamen, which is a famous and beautiful

city. I strongly suggest you visiting there and I can be your guide if it’s

convenient. After three years’ hard work, I am so excited that I am finally

enrolled by my dreaming school,SichuanUniversityand be one of you. I am outgoing

and I have many interests, such as playing basketball, football, and swimming,

but I am only good at basketball. I hope we can always play together in the next

four years. Computer Science and Technology is my favorite subject and I am sure

that it’s also a promising area in the future, with the great development of

computer science and our society. I am glad to be a classmate of you and I hope

we can study and make progress together in the future. I greatly expect my life

to be with you in the coming four years.

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篇16:小学初级一封信英语

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Dear Tom,

Thanks for your letter which finally caught up with me in London. I suppose youre keen to hear how the trip has been so far. So heres a short description of whats happened.

Well, you remember we left Sydney on Monday and arrived in London 24 hours later. After such a long and exhausting flight the first thing we did was to have a good, long sleep. And after that?a good meal to make up for all that horrible airline stuff!

The first real day of our holiday was spent just walking around London to get a feel of the place. After that, however, we were more particular and planned each day carefully.

First, we looked at all the historical sights, such as the Tower of London, the Houses of Parliament, the British Museum and the National Gallery. Then we visited some other famous places, such as Kew Gardens and Hampstead Heath. Finally, we took a one-day trip to Oxford, which is really the most marvelous town. You should make sure to go there when you visit England.

After we had seen a lot of London, we flew to Paris. A t first, we didnt like the place-I suppose because it was so different from London. Later, though, we began to really love it and started to appreciate its differentness.

The final stage of our trip is a visit to Rome, after which we will be staying in Singapore for two days before returning to Australia.

Hope everyone is well. See you soon.

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篇17:关于我的假期小学英语作文

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I had a long holiday for May Day 。I was very happy, because I could do anything I want。

During those days。 I enjoyed myself。 At first, I went to the zoo to see lovely animals。 And then。 I went to the sea world to see beautiful fishes。 That was very interesting。 Secondly I went for a trip with my parents, we went to Linxia to visit my grandparents and to eat minority’s foods。 We rode horse on the grassland and had a fun with local children。 It was very exciting。 After that, I held a party and invited some of my best friends to visit my house。 My mother bought a lot of tasty foods for us, we also took many photos on the party。 We played very happy。 I also watched lots of carton films at home, they were wonderful。

I like the holiday。 I like my May Day。

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篇18:小学六年级英语写一封信

全文共 621 字

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Dear Wei Fang,

I hear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle School Students, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.

You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. As your best friend, I am proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.

I will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

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篇19:小学生一年级英语作文:我的可爱老师MyLovelyTeacher

全文共 228 字

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There is a lovely teacher in our class. we like her as our friends. we would like to tell her everything, sadness and happiness . She helps us on our lessons and guides us on other things. I am happy to have such a good teacher.

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篇20:拔河比赛小学作文

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今天,我们在操场上举行了拔河比赛

张老师从我们男生的队伍选出了几个力气比较大的,也从女生的队伍里选出几个力气比较大的,让他们去参加拔河比赛。六班在比赛中非常历害,连胜三局。可是,当他们把我们班打倒时,

我们都很不服气。当我们看到四班和六班比赛的时候,他们胖子多,于是我们都给四班加油。他们班的最后一个人把绳子放在肩上,使劲往后拉。我们在操场上急的跳了起来。“加油,加油!”好!六

班终于输了一次,这令我们哈哈大笑,因为六班可能骄傲了吧!

我们虽然输了,但我们懂得了道理——做什么事都一定要认真,要谦虚,不能骄傲。

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