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英语四级考试作文常见句型(实用20篇)

导语:在马尔克斯的《百年孤独》中,现实中的追求和希望超越于形式的虚幻,找到了最终完美无缺的结合点。下面是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的读后感,希望能够对您有所帮助。

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2024年12月英语四级作文预测最新

全文共 13790 字

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2015年12月英语四级作文预测一:话题:Should College Students Be Allowed to GetMarried?

Thereis no denying the fact that it is a hotly debated topic today whether collegestudents should be allowed to get married. Some time ago, the ban was lifted bysome universities on students getting married. To this people’s attitudesdiffer sharply. Some hold the positive view. They say that most collegestudents are adults and that it is a basic right for those who have reached theappropriate ages to get married.

Manyothers, however, hold the opposite view. They claim that the university orcollege is a place to study instead of a community to lead a family life. Allowingcollege students to get married would adversely affect their study. Forinstance, they would spend too much time attending their family and love,unable to concentrate on their school work.

Asfar as I am concerned, I believe that it is OK to allow college students to getmarried. Anyway, this is their freedom. Actually, we don’t have to worry toomuch because facts have shown that most college students would choose not toget married in the face of such fierce competition and heavy school work.

(或 Asfar as I am concerned, I believe that college students should not be allowed toget married. Though mostly adults, they are actually immature psychologically.Their wish to get married is, more often than not, impulses. Besides, asstudents, they are not ready to support a family financially.)

2015年12月英语四级作文预测二:社交网络

Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitledSocial Network Sites. You should write at least 150 words following the outlinegiven below.

1. 当今社会,社交网站很流行

2. 各人对此看法不同

3. 我的看法

话题:Social Network Sites

【参考范文一】

Social Network Sites

Inrecent years, social network sites like and have rapidly gained popularity among all kinds of people. Manypeople spend a lot of time on those sites chatting, making friends and playinggames. Those sites have become a part of their life.

Thepublic hold different views on this phenomenon. Some are in favor of thosesites for they provide many opportunities to know other people and to knowwhat’s happening in the world. Besides, they’re very convenient to access. Onecan use a computer or cell phone to log on at home, in a restaurant, or even inthe subway. But some people don’t approve of the social network sites. They saythat people are wasting too much time on the sites. Some even get addicted tothem and abandon their real life. After all, they don’t live in the virtualworld.

Inmy opinion, the social network sites can be very helpful when we want to keepin touch with friends, but we must remember that the real world is the mostimportant in our life.

2015年12月英语四级作文预测及范文三:低碳生活

问题解决性作文

1. 低碳生活受到人们的普遍欢迎

2. 低碳生活方式非常有好处

3. 我们应该如何去做

【范文】

Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to leada low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and morecommuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.

Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits.Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot tothe environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate ofclimate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health.

We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbonlifestyle, which is of great significance. And there is a diversity of measureswe can take so as to lead such an environmental-friendly life. For one thing,we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amountof greenhouse gases. For another, we are supposed to cultivate the publicawareness of energy conservation for energy in the world today is decreasingrapidly. For instance, we can turn off electrical appliances if not necessaryas well as using renewable materials. Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seekopportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.

In brief, low-carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us andonly in this way can we form a harmonious relationship with the environment.

2015年12月英语四级考试作文预测四:农民工

Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?

1. 近年来越来越多的民工涌入大城市

2. 产生这一社会现象的原因

【范文】

For a number of years, there has been a steady rise in the number of rurallaborers who flood into big cities. Many men work on construction sites, whilemany women work as dishwashers in restaurants or babysitters for city dwellers.Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this social phenomenon.

First and foremost, the limited land can no longer produce enough crops foran ever-increasing rural population. In the second place, there are far moreopportunities in big cities—rural laborers dream of earning money through hardwork. Last but by no means least, many of them want to live permanently in bigcities, because they admire the way of living there, and wish their children toreceive good education.

I firmly believe that if we try our best to create a healthy socialatmosphere, rural laborers will make greater contribution to our nation.

【点评】

本题谈论的是一种社会现象。第一段首句引入某一现象,第二句举例说明,第三句是个过渡句,引起下面解释原因段落的第二段;第三段是简洁的结束语,其中的宾语从句嵌套一个状语从句。

范文首先指出大量农民工涌入大城市这一现象,并引出第二段所阐述的三个原因。首先,农村有限的土地不能满足日益增长的人口消费。其次,大城市有更多的工作机会。最后,农民工向往大城市的生活,想永远居住在大城市。末段总结指出,如果创造一个健康的社会环境,农民工就可以为国家做出更大的贡献。

第一段第二句中的construction site表示“建筑工地”,babysitter表示“帮人看孩子的人”。第二段第一点中的rural指“农村的”;第三点中的permanently和admire分别指“永久地”和“羡慕”,receive education指“接受教育”。

2015年12月英语四级考试作文预测五:求职信

A Letter of Application

1. 表达自己对该工作的渴求态度

2. 尽量展示自己的技能和经历

3. 信中应包括自己的联系方式

【范文】

January , 2013

Dear Sirs,

I am writing you this letter to show my keen interest in the post ofassistant manager which you advertised in yesterdays China Daily for, as isindicated in the enclosed resume, my major and experiences closely parallelyour requirement.

I have always been a top student in my specialized area, biochemistry. Itook several other courses in my spare time and excelled in all of them due tomy hard work. I am sure such courses as British and American literature andculture, business management and statistics will lend me an edge in the fiercecompetition in the job market. Another point I want to draw your attention to isthat I have been taking an active part in a variety of campus activities. Inthe due process teamwork spirit has been enhanced and my interpersonal skillsimproved.

I would like to meet you at your earliest convenience and discuss thepossibility of working with your company. Or, if you are too busy these days,you can contact me at 64543575 for further information. Thank you for yourfavorable consideration.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Jenny Green

【点评】

这篇文章是一篇非常成功的求职信。首段表明了自己对经理助理这一职位的渴望,其中包括了自己如何得知这一职位的,而后说明自己的条件符合要求,引起下段。次段分五句,说明自己在专业上是个尖子生,并指出对于其他课程自己做得同样出色,为将来的工作奠定了坚实的基础;后两句说明自己参加了各种学校活动,培养了多方面的能力。第三段首句说明自己非常希望能早日获得面试的机会;次句说如果对方太忙,可以打电话联系;末句对对方表示感谢,是一句客套话。

首段中的keen表示“热切的”, parallel这里做动词,表示“与……相当,比得上”。第二段首句中的specialized area表示“专业领域”;第二句中的excel是不及物动词,表示“突出,超常,胜过他人”;第三句中的edge表示“优势”;第四句中的a variety of等于various,表示“多种多样的”;第五句中的teamwork spirit表示“团队精神”,interpersonal skills表示“人际交往的能力”。

2015年12月英语四级考试作文预测六:感恩

四级作文是英语四级考试中的一个难点,2013年英语四级考试临近,参加英语四级的考生们最关心的就是2013英语四级作文预测了,为考生们准备了2013四级作文预测:感恩,希望这些2013英语作文预测能对考生们有所帮助。

On Cultivating the Sense of Gratitude

On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable phenomenonthat we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college students lack thesense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancientland with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years. These young adultswere not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude tothose who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth。

Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heartis that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere. I stronglybelieve that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy forthis social headache. As young university students of the new era, we shouldmake our own contributions to this cause. Imagine a world without the sense ofgratitude. This kind of world is doomed to failure. Simply put, we should joinour hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart. Only in thisway can we build our society into a harmonious one. My fellow students, I begyou to act from now on.

2015年12月英语四级作文预测七:社会不文明现象

以往的英语四级考试的作文都会有比较贴近时事的题目出现,精品学习网为参加2013年英语四级的考生们的作文做了一个英语四级作文预测,下面一起来看一下关于2013年英语作文预测:社会不文明现象,希望这些四级作文预测能对考生们有所帮助。

On Uncivilized Behaviors

We cannot fail to notice that countless uncivilized behaviors exist in ourdaily lives, such as spitting, talking loudly, littering, saying nasty words inpublic places and so forth. All these are bad manners that we should not losesight of. As an ancient land enjoying a splendid civilization spanning over5,000 years, China is witnessing a surge in improper acts that every Chinesecitizen should feel ashamed of. Uncivilized behaviors by a host of Chinese bothat home and abroad have seriously affected Chinas image, according to aneditorial posted on People Dailys official website.

As Chinese, we should not get offended when others point out our weaknessesbut should focus more attention on improving ourselves. We should strive toidentify the causes of those improper behaviors and find ways to eliminatethem. There are a host of causes, I would argue, behind this trend. To nameonly one: the lack of moral education. The government should wage a massivemoral campaign to fight against this trend and we ourselves should endeavor tobehave decently in our daily lives. As college students of the new age, weshould take the leading role.

2015年12月英语四级作文预测八:水资源缺乏

1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write acomposition on the topic On Water Shortage. You should write at least 150words, and base your composition on the outline given below:

1. Water shortage is becoming an urgent problem

2. Possible reasons

3. Possible solutions

参考范文:

On WaterShortage

No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a graveproblem with which the whole world is confronted. Actually, it has become sowidespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered thedevelopment of the global economy.

A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following mightbe the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry,an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasingpopulation is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the globaltendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollutionand waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.

In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be takenbefore things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations beworked out and enforced to protect water resources. Secondly, people shouldenhance their awareness of saving water. With these measures taken, it isreasonable for us to expect a brighter future.

2015年12月英语四级作文预测九:大学生不健康的生活习惯

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essayon the topic Unhealthy Habits of College Students. You should write at least120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1.部分大学生有不健康的生活习惯,例如:晚睡、过度消费、沉溺游戏。。。。

2.这种不健康生活习惯的危害

3.如何纠正

写作思路依然是上课反复强调的功能段落的写作思路:首段为负面现象描述(即提出问题),二段为问题分析(危害),尾段为建议措施。

It can be noticed that there are some unhealthy living habits among youngpeople, especially college students. Typical examples include staying up late,being addicted to games, consuming in an inappropriate way. Thus, due attentionshould be paid to students’ daily habits。

Apparently, these bad habits may generate negative impacts. To begin with,they may impair students’ physical health and psychological fitness. Inaddition, what worries many teachers is that they may also exert negativeinfluences on students’ academic performance. To conclude, never can we turn ablind eye to these phenomena。

In view of the seriousness ofthis issue, it is time that we took effective measure. Firstly, it is suggestedthat universities or colleges should cultivate students’ awareness of healthyliving. Secondly, students themselves are well-advised to learn to regulate andcontrol their own life appropriately. Only by doing so, can we hope to see theideal scenes in which students enjoy their colorful and healthy life in IvoryTower.

2015年12月英语四级作文预测十:电影和电视对公众的影响力

How do movies or television influence people’sbehavior? Use reasons and specific examples to supportyour answer.

【范文】 The Influence of Television and Movies

There is no doubt that watchingtelevision and movies can influence the way that people behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort ofvisual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects ofvisual media cannot be ignored.

One obvious effect of these mediais that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Televisionadvertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit advertisements. Another way TV and the moviesaffect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or adistorted one, depending on what type ofprogram they watch. Those who watch news and educational program can learn manynew things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come tobelieve that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. Itmay make them become dissatisfied with their own lives. Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate actsthat they see on TV or in the movies.

With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these effects. Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take theplace of real experience.

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更多相似作文

篇1:英语六级考试作文

全文共 1410 字

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The past years have seen the huge development of higher education in China and in contemporary society, it becomes a trend for universities to be ranked according to certain standards each year.Meanwhile, an increasing number of people deem it rather convenient to acquire information about quality of some universities.Searching the Internet, people can notice several editions of ranks very year.

A number of individuals favor this ranking because of its advantages.To begin with, without these ranks, it is impossible for people to make a direct comparison between different colleges.In addition, it is this ranking that enables China to build up a system of assessing higher education and to enhance its overall development.Even so, others hold the opposite view that university ranking carries some doubts.First, ranking all universities means a great amount of time and human resources; however, the quality and authority is not as satisfactory as expected.Second, what worries many experts is that some colleges may focus too much eyesight on ranking itself, ignoring the needs of students.By and large, the advantage derived the annual university ranking far outweigh the disadvantages.

An effective ranking will bring colleges motivation, arouses their enthusiasm to strive, and helps China to enhance higher education.However, it is advisable for this ranking to be scientific, practical and impartial.

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篇2:英语期末考试分析

全文共 2116 字

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一、试卷特点:

本次试卷的命题紧扣了教学大纲和教科书的书本知识,在考察学生英语基础知识的前提下,注重了对学生语言综合能力和知识迁移的考察,注重语言环境及文化背景的设置,减少了词汇、语法等单纯知识性的试题,增加了试题的灵活性、开放性、探究性及综合性。试题以听、读、写的形式,全面地检查了学生应掌握的英语基础知识和基本能力,考题不是很难。

二、学生对各题得分情况分析

1.听力部分:

此题考察学生是否能正确理解所听的内容,并具备用英语进行释义的能力,用英语回答问题的能力,在特定的语境中进行交际的能力。听力部分共a.b.c.d小节,设计由浅入深,由易到难,循序渐进,从知识到能力,具有一定的梯度。a部分为理解,1-5小题看图听句子,十分简单,学生只要听懂个别单词就能回答出来;b部分为反应:6-10小题根据所听到的句子,从a,b,c三个选项中选出最佳答案。这部分与前部分相对难一点,即要求学生听懂句子的内容又要求选出答案。c部分为对话理解,听对话根据问题选出答案,这部分简单。d部分为笔录要点:根据你所听到的的内容,填写下面的表格。这部分为整个听力的难点。即要听懂句子又要能写单词。总之就整个听力部分而言,略显简单,对于基础较好的学生来说,此套听力题略显简单,小部分都是满分大部分都在18分以上,他们对听力题中侧重的词组及一些英语成语已做到熟练掌握的程度,完全达到了英语教学中对听力的要求。对有一定英语基础,但掌握不扎实的学生来说,听力还存在薄弱的环节,尤其在b部分,c部分和d部 分,句子的理解和写单词对这类学生来说,仍然是个难点,缺乏对整个话题、文章的理解,单词记得不牢,语音、语调、连读、弱读方面还缺乏一定的训练。另外学 生除了对听力的训练不够,答题的方法和技巧也掌握的不是很好。对于英语学习吃力的学生来说,听力是相当难的,成绩也很不理想。

2.笔试部分的单选题:

基础知识题占三分之二,能力题占三分之一左右。此题注重考察词的辨析、语法以及习语等语言知识,在特定的语境中运用语言知识进行交际能力。此题知识覆盖面较广,重点,难点比较突出.注重了语言能力考察,以考察动词为主,兼顾其它词类,并考察句法,考察方式突出了语境.学生在27,31,34小题失分较多,对于人称代词主格和宾格的用法;like后接动词的ing形式的用法;以及let’s的用法都掌握不够。

3.笔试中的完形填空题部分:

紧扣课本中的课文,基本上只要读懂课文就能选出正确的答案,里面包含了介词at和of,以及人称代词的用法,这都是本学期的重点和难点.学生的失分较多.而且向来完形填空就是试卷中的一个较难点。

4.笔试中的阅读理解:

此题考察学生是否具备根据上下文猜测词意进行推理等思维活动,识别选择归纳所提供的信息,探索语篇中的表层含义和深层含义的阅读能力,从而达到获得正确的语言信息的目的。本大题包括a,b,c,d部分,安排的比较合理,由易及难.a部分为三段段文,情节清晰,学生得分较高.b部分为摘录要点和回答问题.摘录要点很简单从文中找出相对的答案,而回答问题就难了既要看懂课文还要有扎实的英语基础回答写出正确的答案.此部分也是一个拉分的部分.整个阅读理解难度不大40%的学生满分,50%的学生20分以上,10%的学生10分以下。

5.笔试中的书面表达:

主要考查学生调查以怎样的方式上?学生写的时候不觉的费力. 但个别同学在语言的灵活应用上欠功夫,不能够把书上的语言恰当的运用到自己的作文中去,且中式英语较重, 语言表达不地道,语法错误较多。这说明学生在日常写作教学中我们还存在着问题,没能在很好的驾御教材的同时注重学生能力的培养。

四、学情分析

总的来说,这次考试成绩不是很理想,优秀率偏低,尖子生还没有发挥水平;低分较多,两极分化的距离还没有缩少。通过整体的分析,反映了学生在复习中,基本上 能领会课堂的要点要求,一些知识点在堂上反复出现的,掌握得较牢固,但是运用这些知识去解决实际问题的能力较差,这与课后的练习有关,说明了部分学生对课 后的练习作业不够重视、缺乏主动性,而且,解题的依赖性强,缺乏独立的思考能力,另外,对于一些相关的语法知识和句子的构成,学生的遗忘率也很高。还有一 个也是最关键的一点就是普遍的学生学习习惯不好,及少的同学能聚精会神的听课,认真完成作业的.

五、今后的教学中应改进的措施。 通过期末这套试卷的分析,我们教师在以后的教学中,应该在以下几外方面进行改进。

1.加强词汇教学,尤其是书中的黑体字部分,一定要学生保证过关。

2.充分利用课本中的听力部分,加强学生的听力技巧训练,善于捕捉听力中的信息,培养学生猜测的能力。

3.尽多的背诵课文,加强语感,有助于学生听力和写作的提高。

4.加强阅读训练,督促学生每天阅读二至三个语段,提高学生的阅读能力。

5.授课时教师要适当渗透语法教学,让学生能够用英语中的语法修改自己做题中的失误,进行知识的迁移和创新能力的培养。

6.班级学生两极分化明显,各班的低下率都在上升,所以教师在教学中要有效地抑制两极分化,对学习有困难的学生进行转化提高.

7.一定要把“抓好学生的学习习惯”放在一切工作的首位,只要习惯好,成绩就自然而燃提高了.

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篇3:英语写作句型汇总

全文共 1021 字

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一、主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。如:

The teacher left. 老师离开了。

All the children laughed. 所有的孩子都笑了。

二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)。如:

Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。

We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。

三、主语+(双宾)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+Oi+Od)。如:

He told us a story. 他给我们讲了个故事。

He showed me his new radio. 他给我看他的新收音机。

四、主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)。如:

She is Peters sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。

That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

五、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+Oc)。如:

The news made her sad. 这消息使她很生气。

I find English grammar very difficult. 我发现英语语法很难。

值得说明的是,以上各成分根据情况可以有多种表示方法,用作主语和宾语的是可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。如:

Mr. Smith / He likes it. 史密斯先生 / 他喜欢它。(名词、代词作主语)

We like Mr. Smith / him. 学生喜欢史密先生 / 他。(名词、代词作宾语)

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不定式作主语)

Some of us decided to stay. 我们有些人决定留下。(不定式作宾语)

Dancing is fun. I love it. 跳舞很有意思,我很喜欢。(动名词作主语)

Every one of them loves dancing. 他们个个喜欢跳舞。(动名词作宾语)

另外,有的成分可带有自己的修饰语,如名词可受定语修饰,动词可受状语修饰等。如:

He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的老师。

Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事吧。

They all work very hard. 他们工作都很努力。

The plane flew very low. 飞机飞得很低。

Will you dance with me? 你愿意和我跳舞吗?

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篇4:国家公务员考试常见的文学常识

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唐代文学

(1)陈子昂,字伯玉,梓州射洪(今四川)人,主要作品是《感遇诗》三十八首。其《登幽州台歌》用直接抒怀的方式倾吐怀才不遇的感情。

(2)王勃,字子安,“初唐四杰”之一(另三位是骆宾王、卢照邻、杨炯)。主要作品有《王子安集》,其中《送杜少府之任蜀州》、《滕王阁序》最有名。他在“四杰”中成就最高。

(3)贺知章,字季真,自号四明狂客。主要作品有《咏柳》、《回乡偶书》。

(4)王之涣,字季陵。主要作品有《凉州词》、《登颧雀楼》。绝句《凉州词》被誉为“唐代绝句压卷之作”,属边塞诗派。

(5)孟浩然,字浩然,襄阳人。唐代第一个大量写山水诗的人,与王维齐名,世称“王孟”。主要作品有《过故人庄》、《春晓》等,集结为《孟襄阳集》。

(6)王昌龄,字少伯,江宁人。曾任龙标尉,世称王龙标,七绝圣手。主要作品有《出塞》、《从军行》。后人辑有《王昌龄集》。善边塞诗、宫怨诗。

(7)王维,字摩洁,官至尚书右丞,故称王右丞。诗人兼画家。与孟浩然同为盛唐田园山水派代表。主要作品有《送元二使安西》,又名《阳关曲门飞鸟鸣涧》。苏轼赞其作品为“诗中有画”、“画中有诗”。

(8)高适,字达夫,曾任散骑常侍,世称高常侍。与岑参齐名,并称“高岑”,同为盛唐边塞诗派的代表。主要作品有《燕歌行》、《别董大》等,后人辑有《高常侍集》。

(9)李白,字太白,别号青莲居士,人称“诗仙”。与杜甫齐名,人称“李杜”。唐代三大诗人之一。主要作品有《梦游天姥吟留别》、《蜀道难》、《子夜吴歌》、《望天门山》、《秋浦歌》、《宣州谢?楼栈别校书叔云》等,结为《李太白集》。属浪漫主义豪放派,他的作品属古典诗歌艺术的高峰。韩愈称赞说:“李杜文章在,光焰万丈长。”

(10)杜甫,字子美,自称少陵野老,曾任左拾遗、检校工部员外郎,世称杜拾遗、杜工部。与李白齐名,人称“诗圣”。唐代三大诗人之一。主要作品有《兵车行》、《春望》、《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、《闻官军收河南河北》、“三吏”(《新安吏》、《石壕吏》、《潼关吏》)、“三别”(《新婚别》、《垂老别》、《无家别》),结为《杜工部集》。其作品为现实主义诗歌艺术的高峰,被称为“诗史”。首创记事名篇的乐府诗,直接推动了后来以白居易为首的新乐府运动。

(11)岑参,曾任嘉州刺使,世称岑嘉州。边塞诗派的重要代表。主要作品有《白雪歌送武判官归京》、《逢入京使》等,结为《岑嘉州诗集》。

(12)孟郊,字东野,与贾岛并称,著名苦吟诗人。主要作品有《秋怀》、《贫女词》、《游子吟》等,结为《孟东野诗集》。

(13)韩愈,字退之,官至吏部侍郎,谥文,世称韩吏部,韩文公,郡望昌黎,又称韩昌黎。唐代古文运动倡导者,唐宋八大家之首,与柳宗元并称“韩柳”。主要作品有《师说》、《马说》、《原毁》、《进学解》、《祭十二郎文》等,结为《昌黎先生集》。他主张恢复先秦两汉散文传统,摒弃南北朝以来的骈体文;主张文章内容的充实,并“唯陈言之务去”。在诗歌创作上主张“以文为诗”,力求新奇。

(14)刘禹锡,字梦得,曾任太子宾客,世称刘宾客。与柳宗元合称“刘柳”,与白居易合称“刘白”。主要作品有《陋室铭》、《乌衣巷》、《竹枝词》等,结为《刘宾客集》、《刘梦得文集》。

(15)白居易,字乐天,号香山居士。中唐新乐府运动的主要倡导者,唐代三大诗人之一,与元稹合称“元白”。主要作品有《秦中吟》、《新乐府》(包括《卖炭翁》、《长恨歌》、《琵琶行》等),自编为《白氏长庆集》,后人又编为《白香山诗集》。他是现实主义传统的继承者,主张“文章合为时而著,歌诗合为事而作”,通俗派的代表,相传老妪可懂。

(16)柳宗元,字子厚,因系河东人,人称柳河东,曾任柳州刺史。唐代古文运动的领导者之一,与韩愈并称“韩柳”,“唐宋八大家”之一。主要作品有《捕蛇者说》、《三戒》(包括《黔之驴》)、“永州八记”(包括《小石潭记》)、《童区寄》等散文,《渔翁》、《江雪》等诗,结为《柳河东集》。他是中国第一位把寓言正式写成独立的文学作品的作家,开拓了我国古代寓言文学发展的新阶段。

(17)李贺,字长吉。主要作品有《雁门太守行》、《金铜仙人辞汉歌》等,结为《昌谷集》。其作品想象奇特,用词瑰丽,有浪漫主义色彩,风格独特,被称为李鬼才。

(18)杜牧,字牧之,别称小杜,与李商隐齐名,并称“小李杜”。晚年居樊川别墅,故号杜樊川。主要作品有《阿房宫赋》、《江南春绝句》、《清明》、《泊秦淮》、《秋夕》等,结为《樊川文集》。他尤擅七律七绝,赋作的散文化倾向对后世影响较大。

(19)李商隐,字义山,号玉溪生,又号樊南生。主要作品有《行次西郊作一百韵》、《乐游原》、《锦瑟》、《无题》等,结为《李义山诗集》,另有《樊南文集》。《行次西效作一百韵》是一首长篇政治诗。《无题》诗多以爱情为题材,缠绵秀丽,对后代有很大的影响。

(20)李煜,字重光,五代时南唐国主,世称李后主。主要作品有《虞美人》、《相见欢》、《浪淘沙令》等。王国维说:词至李后主而眼界始大,感慨遂深,遂变伶工之词而为士大夫之词。

先秦文学

(1)儒家经典

“五经”指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》。

“六经”又称六艺,在“五经”后增加《乐》。

“四书”指《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》。

(2)历史散文有《左传》、《战国策》、《国语》。《谷梁传》、《左传》、《公羊传》同为解说《春秋》的三传。

(3)《诗经》本只称《诗》,后又以“诗三百”为代称。著名篇目有《关雎》、《伐檀》、《硕鼠》、《七月》。《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌总集。收录了从周初到春秋时期的诗歌305篇,分为“风”、“雅”、“颂”三大类。开创了我国文学现实主义传统。

(4)孔子,名丘,字仲尼,又称尼父、圣父,鲁国人,儒家创始人。主要作品有《论语》20篇,各取篇中开头二字为篇名,如《学而》、《为政》等。记录了孔子及其弟子的言行,代表了孔子的基本思想。

(5)左丘明,鲁国史官。主要作品有《左传》,又名《左氏春秋》。《曹刿论战》等选自此书。《左传》是我国第一部叙事详备的编年体史书、历史散文,记载春秋时期的史实,富有文学性。

(6)孟子,名轲,字子舆,战国时儒家代表人物,世称亚圣。书由其弟子编辑。主要作品有《孟子》共7篇,各取篇中开头字为篇名,如《梁惠王》、《公孙丑》、《告子》等。记载了孟子的思想和政治言论。孟子长于论辩,善用比喻,对后世议论性散文的发展影响较大。

(7)列子,名御寇(圉寇),道家前辈。主要作品有《列子》,又名《冲虚真经》。《愚公移山》出于此书。

(8)庄子,名周,世称南华真人,道家代表人物。主要作品有《庄子》,又名《南华经》,现存33篇。属诸子哲理散文,具有浓厚的浪漫色彩,对后世文学有很大影响。

(9)荀子,名况,字卿。避汉宣帝刘询讳,改称孙卿。主要作品有《荀子》,其中《劝学篇》、《天论》等最具代表性。另作《赋篇》对汉赋的兴起有所影响。建立了以儒家思想为主体,又兼采法家和其他各家学说的思想体系。韩非、李斯都是他法治思想的继承者。属诸子哲理散文。

(10)韩非,法家集大成者。主要作品有《韩非子》,全书55篇。《扁鹊见蔡桓公》、《五蠹》、《南郭处士》等都出于此书。属诸子哲理散文,先秦法家的代表著作。

(11)吕不韦,秦相,集合门客编成《吕氏春秋》。主要作品有《吕氏春秋》,又名《吕览》,共160篇。《察今》、《察传》等出于此书。收入诸子哲理散文,杂家的代表著作。

(12)屈原,名平。我国第一位爱国主义、浪漫主义诗人,开创楚辞新诗体,被列为世界文化名人。主要作品有《离骚》、《九歌》(包括《山鬼》、《国殇》等11篇)、《天问》、《九章》(包括《涉江》、《哀郢》、《橘颂》等9篇)。西汉刘向编成《楚辞》一书,以屈作为主。因具有浓厚的楚国地方色彩,故称“楚辞”,后世称这种诗体为“楚辞体”、“骚体”,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义传统。《离骚》和《诗经》中的国风并称“风骚”,成为“文学”的代名词。

(13)《战国策》33篇。西汉刘向根据史料编定。属国别体史书,历史散文,主要记载战国时期谋臣策士游说诸侯或相互论辩时提出的政治见解和斗争策略,以及他们的政治活动。对后世散文和辞赋的创作有很大影响。

宋代文学

(1)范仲淹,字希文,谥文正。主要作品有《岳阳楼记》、《渔家傲》等,结为《范文正公集》,属豪放派。

(2)柳永,原名三变,字耆卿,别称柳七,柳屯田。主要作品有《雨霖铃》、《八声甘州》等,有《乐章集》传世。大量创制慢词(长调),扩充了词的体制容量,提高了词的表现能力。

(3)晏殊,字同叔,谥元献。主要作品有《浣溪沙》、《蝶恋花》等,著有《珠玉词》、《曼元献遗文》。尤擅小令,风调闲雅,气象富贵。

(4)欧阳修,字永叔,号醉翁,六一居士,谥文忠。北宋文坛领袖,“唐宋八大家”之一。主要作品有与宋祁合修《新唐书》,独撰《新五代史》。有《醉翁亭记》、《秋声赋》、《六一词》等,结为《欧阳文忠集》。他的《六一诗话》是我国第一部诗话。

(5)苏洵,字明允,号老泉。“唐宋八大家”之一,与苏轼、苏辙合称“三苏”。主要作品有《嘉右集》。《六国论》出于此。作品以史论、政论为主。

(6)曾巩,字子固,谥文定。南丰人,又称南丰先生,“唐宋八大家”之一。主要作品有《元丰类稿》(以年号命名)。

(7)王安石,字介甫,号半山,封荆国公,世称王荆公、王文公。“唐宋八大家”之一。主要作品有《游褒禅山记》、《伤仲永》、《元日》、《泊船瓜州》等,集为《王临川集》,中国11世纪的改革家。

(8)司马光,字君实,封温国公,谥文正,涑水乡人,世称涑水先生。史界“两司马”之一。主要作品《资治通鉴》,是我国最大的一部编年体通史,记载上自战国下至五代计1362年的史实,史书“双璧”之一。

(9)沈括,字存中,晚年居梦溪园。主要作品有《梦溪笔谈》。《采草药》、《雁荡山》、《活板》出于此。

(10)苏轼,字子瞻,号东坡居士,谥号文忠,“唐宋八大家”之一,在书法上与蔡襄、黄庭坚、米芾并称“宋四家”。主要作品有《赤壁赋》、《石钟山记》、《题西林壁》、《水调歌头》、《念奴娇》等,结为《东坡七集》。他是宋代最伟大的文人,能“出新意于法度之中,寄妙理于豪放之外”,开创了豪放词派,与韩愈并誉为“韩潮苏海”。

(11)苏辙,字子由,“唐宋八大家”之一。主要作品有《栾城集》。

(12)李清照,号易安居士。主要作品有《武陵春》、《如梦令》、《声声慢》等,结为《漱玉词》。古代最重要的女诗人,宋代婉约词派中成就最高者。

(13)陆游,字务观,号放翁,人称“小李白”。主要作品有《书愤》、《示儿》、《钗头凤》等。中国古代最高产的诗人,有诗9000多首。

(14)辛弃疾,字幼安,号稼轩,与苏轼并称“苏辛”。人称“词中之龙”。主要作品有《稼轩长短句》,名篇有《摸鱼儿》、《永遇乐》、《清平乐》等。宋词中成就卓越者,继承并发展了苏轼的豪放词风,开拓了词的表现范围。

(15)姜夔,字尧章,号白石道人。主要作品有《白石道人歌曲》、《扬州慢》等出于此。

(16)文天祥,字宋瑞、履善,号文山,民族英雄。主要作品有《正气歌》、《过零丁洋》、《指南录后序》。著有《文山先生全集》。

(17)岳飞,字鹏举,相州汤阴(今河南汤阴)人。岳飞今存词仅三首,他的《满江红》词表现了热烈的爱国感情和崇高的民族气节。

(18)杨万里,字廷秀,号诚斋,吉州吉水(今江西吉水)人。作品有《诚斋集》,其《晓出净慈送林子方》描写了西湖夏季秀丽风貌,新鲜活泼而富有诗趣。

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篇5:关于我对考试的看法的英语作文

全文共 2630 字

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My Views on Examinations

Since school comes into being, the test standard has been used to appraise performance of students。 So far it is still being used, which may suggest that actually there are some advantages in it。 However, it is also highly possible that the test standard is a not ideal way to find out what students have learned and what they havent。 Most school is still using it just because there is no better method to replace it。

In my opinion, the following three points are the critical flaws in the test standard。

One of the most harmful effects on the test method is that it will force us to study just for passing tests, not for acquiring knowledge especially in China。 Obviously the final object of education is XXX us intellective by learning more knowledge。 While the test is only a way to examine the level of students studies, it has been deteriorated to a sifter deciding the fate of students。 Why can it be called a terrible sifter? Now in the tests, which decide who can enter a higher school, thousands of poor students, who want a splendid future, must prepare for the tests by finishing a great deal of practices。 Those practice tests are heavy-laden to them。 So in this case, how can they be expected to study to obtain knowledge? To them that are enough if they can reach the level which tests need。 In the end what our nation will get, genuine persons with ability or just test robots?

Secondly, tests will bring the examinees great pressure, which can affect their lives。 A typical example of this is that most young students have worn glasses even though some of them are still children。 For preparing for tests, they must spend a lot of time on doing their homework so that their eyesight becomes worse and worse。 And the more time they spend on those, the less time they have for playing and relaxing。 Consequently, there is a bad influence on their health。

Thirdly, in fact, test system itself can not veraciously estimate who is better than others because there are many factors impacting the results of test。 For instance, someone cheated in test so that his score would be higher than others。 Or someone who was too nervous to perform well fell in the test。

Only in spare time and no pressure of tests existent, students can study simply for the fun, for obtaining knowledge and for the things that they are really interested in。 But now the test system is the only way to select which one is better, who can reach better school and who can get good job。 Then what we can do is to improve the test system or hope that something better will be invented and replace the test system。

[关于我对考试看法英语作文

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篇6:中考英语作文常用句型

全文共 2039 字

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1. 6月2日下午,我正乘火车从上海到沈阳回家的途中。

On the afternoon of July 2nd, I was traveling from Shanghai back to Shenyang by train.

2. 一大早,我们就出发了。

Early in the morning, we set out.

3. 明天上午8:00我们在学校门口集中。

We will meet at the school gate at 8:00 tomorrow morning.

4. 前几天,我和同学骑车进城。

The other day my classmates and I went to town together by bike.

5. 过去,我的家乡是个美丽的地方。

In the past / Some years ago, my hometown used to be a beautiful place.

6. 上学期,我参加了地理小组的研究性学习。我们研究的课题是:环境污染与环境保护。

Last term I took part in a geography research study group.

Our topic was environmental pollution and protection.

7. 今天下午,在我去看电影的路上,我看见一个箱子从一辆自行车上掉下来。

This afternoon, on my way to the cinema, I saw a case fall off a man’s bike.

8. 两星期前,我正在街上行走,当时我看见了你们的诱人的广告,于是我停下脚步走进了你们的商店。

Two weeks ago, I was walking along the street

when I saw your attractive advertisement and I stopped into your shop.

9. 昨天晚上大约九点钟,我正在忙于准备明天的测验,这是忽然吵闹声传进我的房间。

About 9 o’clock yesterday evening, I was busy preparing for my tomorrow’s test

when suddenly loud noises came into my room.

10. 昨天下午我去越秀公园,碰巧我看见一件动人的事。

Yesterday afternoon I went to . It happened that I saw a touching event.

11. 当我听到北京申办2008年奥运会竞标成功时我非常激动。

I was very excited when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.

12. 吵闹声如此大事我无法继续学习。

The noise was so loud that I couldn’t go on studying.

13. 我将在农村度过这个暑假。在农村,我可以享受舒适和宁静的生活。

I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.

I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life there.

14.我认为该是我们认识到保护环境的重要性和采取行动的时候了。

I think it is time for us to realize the importance of

protecting the environment and to do something about it.

15. 我希望政府应该尽快采取措施解决这个问题。

I hope the government should take measures

to solve this problem as soon as possible.

16. 我认为学校应该鼓励学生课余多参加体育活动。这样,学生可以更健康,更有活力。

I think the school should encourage the students

to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.

17. 现在越来越多的家庭拥有自己的小汽车。对于有私家车的家庭来说上班或带小孩上学都十分方便。

Now more and more families have their own cars.

It’s very convenient for the people who have their own cars

to go to work or to take their children to school.

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篇7:英语期末考试分析

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一 、试卷基本情况:

.这套试卷是一套综合型试卷,考核了学生考之前所应达到的英语运用综合能力,考核的难度系数中上,词汇方面考核了学生生容易掌握的词汇。总的来说,试卷涉及的知识面广,模拟中招试题形式,但缺少考查听力能力的(听力题)。卷面结构为:选择填空25分,完形填空10分,阅读理解30分, 情景对话10分,词汇20分,书面表达25分。总分120分

二、学生考试分数分析

⑴、⑵两个班最高分:114分, 最低分:10分,⑴班平均分:83分,⑵班平均分:65分;100分以上有11人,90--99分有25人, 80—89 分16人,72—79分有9人,⑴班及格率90%,⑵班及格率:41%,优秀率20%, 60分以下有28人

三、学生答题情况分析

1 、单项填空:单项选择题分两部分,A部分为单词辨音,主要考查字母u 、i,字母组合ea、ear 、ow 在单词中的读音,学生失分主要在第1、3题。B部分为单项选择,考查的知识点多,覆盖面广,有一定的难度。但老师课堂都有讲到,可从学生做题情况来看,此题失分较多,从中可以看出学生对基础题掌握不够扎实,知识掌握还不到位。失分最多的主要集中在第 14(考查kind of 和 a kind of的区别)15、(考查spend,pay和take的区别),16(考查 It is +adj. + do…的句型),17、(考查have fun doing sth.结构),20题( 考查多个修饰词的顺序结构)

2、完形填空题的难度不大,既有考查语法知识,还要考查学生的分析理解能力。(1)班此题得分较高,2班级的学生得分较低。此题第23、28、29题丢分最多。由此看出学生的语法知识掌握不够牢靠。

3、阅读理解分ABC篇,C篇为任务读写型。AB篇所选的阅读文章主要考查学生对阅读材料的分析理解能力、推理判断和概括归纳能力。阅读理解难度适中,1班的得分率较高。学生已经掌握一定的阅读技巧。2班的有些学生由于对学习不感兴趣,这类的学生都是胡乱选题。此题失分较多的主要在32、36、40、题。此三题主要考查学生对文章的推理判断和归纳的能力。学生对文章的概括归纳能力还有待加强训练。C篇丢分较为严重,得分率很低,也有得满分的,但人数不多。在这方面学生有待于提高。

4、 情景交际主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力。所选材料贴近学生的生活实际,考查题目基本都可以通过上下文语境完成,相对比较容易,得分较高。

5、词汇主要考查常用单词,两个班的学生在词汇题上失分较高,主要存在几点:⑴不会拼写单词;⑵时态的错误;⑶词的词的正确形式。

6、写作

写作分AB篇;A篇小作文的要求是介绍人物的,浅显易懂,学生有话可说。写自己印象最深刻的人,这题材学生练过的,也是都是学生在日常生活中经常用到的,说到的语言,学生组织起来不难。所用的句型、单词都是学生学过的,且都是重点内容。在日常教学中,是老师反复强调的内容。因此,本题得分率还可以;而B篇 书面表达。 从试卷得分情况看,学生对于写作部分的词汇用法掌握不到位。对于动词的第三人称单数的概念不清,时态运用正确,大部分学生基础知识掌握得不好,张冠李戴的现象比较突出,个别学生不注意审题。⑵班好些学生空白不写。有些学生甚至抄阅读理解的短文内容。

四、具体改进措施

1、钻研新教材,夯实英语基础。在练习时,很多学生“一看就会,一做就错”,这种现象比较普遍,失误原因是对于常见用语掌握的熟练程度还不够。其根本原因就在于基础不牢,只有扎扎实实从基础做起,才能最终达到“一看就会,一做就对”。

2、加强英语课外阅读。英语知识的获得与能力的提高是在不断的听、说、读、写的训练过程中逐步形成的,而教材和课堂所能提供的训练还是比较有限的,因此,要加强理解语篇的能力训练,增强英语语感。

3、规范训练,改进学习方法。要善于分析学生,找出学生的薄弱环节,合理安排好教材知识梳理、专项训练和应试技巧指导。

4、加强听力训练。冰冻三尺非一日之寒,听力理解能力的提高不是一朝一夕能改变的,而是长期的不间断训练的结果,因此要保证每天让学生至少听力训练10分钟。

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篇8:公务员考试常见文学常识积累

全文共 2117 字

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“天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”是北朝民歌《敕勒歌》中的诗句,描写了北方大草原的风光。

《木兰诗》是北朝民歌的杰出代表作,描写了女英雄花木兰代父从军的动人故事。

南朝诗人谢灵运是山水诗派的开创者。

干宝的《搜神记》是魏晋南北朝志怪小说的代表。

刘义庆编写的《世说新语》是纪录魏晋南北朝时期一些人物言行和趣事的小品文,生动活泼,文笔简洁。

《文心雕龙》是一部评论文学的著作,对后代文学评论有很大的影响。

锺嵘的《诗品》是一部评论诗歌的著作,对后代诗歌评论有很大的影响。

唐代(公元618——907年)的诗歌、散文和小说都十分发达,尤其是唐诗的成就最高。

唐代出现了很多的伟大诗人,象李白、杜甫、白居易、刘禹锡、李商隐等等。

唐代文学家韩愈和柳宗元发起了古文运动。

唐代诗歌发展一般分成四个阶段:初唐、盛唐、中唐、晚唐。

建安文学的代表作家是曹操、曹丕、曹植父子,合称“三曹”。

“老骥伏枥,志在千里,烈士暮年,壮心不已”是曹操《龟虽寿》中的名句,表现了英雄人物老当益壮的胸怀。

蔡琰,字文姬,是建安时期的女诗人。她的五言《悲愤诗》表现汉末政治动乱所造成的人民疾苦。

阮籍是正始时期文学成就最高的作家,有五言诗八十二首,总名为《咏怀诗》。

陶渊明,东晋(公元317——420年)大诗人。他的诗表现田园恬淡宁静的生活情景,被人们称为“田园诗人”。

陶渊明较晚时期所写的《桃花源诗并记》标志着他思想和艺术的新高度,诗人在这里提出了“世外桃源”的社会理想。

抒情长诗《西洲曲》代表了南朝(公元420——589年)民歌在艺术发展上的最高成就。

流传到今天的唐诗有5万多首,是这以前诗歌总和的两三倍。

唐代诗歌分古体和近体。古体句数不限,每句的平仄也较自由。近体分律诗、绝句两种。律诗格律较严,每首四联八句,中间要对仗。律诗、绝句平仄都有规定。古体、近体都有五言、七言之分。

中公教育研究与辅导专家杜燕君

清朝是中国最后一个封建王朝,也是古代文学史上最后一个重要的阶段。诗、词、散文、小说、戏曲都取得了重要成就。其中小说在清朝取得了空前的发展。中国小说形成六大门类。三国演义为高峰的将士派小说,以红楼梦为代表的人情派小说,以西游记为高峰的神话派小说,以水浒为高峰的农民起义派小说,以三侠五义为高峰的狭义派小说,以儒林外史为高峰的讽刺派小说。其中,清朝就占了三部。主要是因为清朝经济的发展,带动了文学的发展。今天中公教育专家将为大家介绍清朝的几部著名小说。

第一部是红楼梦,原名是《石头记》,曹雪芹著,是古代四大名著之一。仅保存了80回,后40回为高鹗续。它是清朝小说的巅峰,不只是一部描述贾宝玉和林黛玉的爱情故事,已经超越了言情小说的范围,更是一部对君主专制社会末期四大家族的兴衰史的概述。

例题1:在中国四大古典文学名著中,唯一出自清代的小说是()

A.《红楼梦》B.《三国演义》C.《水浒传》D.《西游记》

中公解析:这道题就考察了清朝文学小说内容,这题很简单,答案选择A。

例题2.鲁迅先生评论一部小说:单是命意,就因读者的眼光而有种种,经学家看见《易》,道学家看见淫,才子看见缠绵,革命家看见排满,流言家看见宫闱秘事。这部小说是()

A.《儒林外史》B.《老残游记》C.《红楼梦》D.《金瓶梅》

中公解析:显而易见,这道题的答案应该是C,红楼梦。

第二部是《儒林外史》,清朝时期的小说家吴敬梓创作的章回体长篇小说。全书共五十六回,约四十万字,是中国文学史上一部伟大的现实主义的章回体唱片讽刺小说,也标志着讽刺小说的出现。

第三部是《三侠五义》,是清朝时期武侠小说的巅峰,作者是清代的石玉昆。这是古代长篇狭义公案小说经典之作,堪称中国武侠小说的开山鼻祖,是狭义派小说的代表之作。

清朝除了以上三部著名小说,还有晚清四大谴责小说,也标志着中国小说进入了又一个繁荣时期。鲁迅认为晚清四大谴责小说是中国清末四部谴责小说的合称。即李伯元的《官场现形记》、吴沃尧的《二十年目睹之怪现状》、刘鹗的《老残游记》、曾朴的《孽海花》。

例3:下列关于文史知识表述不正确的是()

A.“及笄”是指女子十五岁

B.乡试第一名称为“会元”

C.“五经”指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》和《春秋》

D.晚清四大谴责小说包括《官场现形记》、《二十年目睹之怪现状》、《老残游记》和《孽海花》

中公解析:这道题的答案应是B。乡试的第一名不是会元,而是解元,会员是会试的第一名。

清朝比较著名的小说,最后还有一个聊斋志异,又名《鬼狐传》,是清代小说家蒲松龄创作的,全书共有短篇小说491篇,堪称古典文言短篇小说之巅峰。

例4:下列作品与评价对应不正确的是()

A.《桃花扇》---借离合之情,写兴旺之感

B.《石头记》---满纸荒唐言,一把辛酸泪

C.《儒林外史》---一部儒林,终之以琴,滔滔天下,谁是知音

D.《聊斋志异》---使神魔皆有人情,精魅亦通世故

中公解析:这道题的答案是D。“使神魔皆有人情,精魅亦通世故”是鲁迅先生对《西游记》的评价,全文表述是“故虽述变幻恍惚之事,亦每杂解颐之言,使神魔皆有人情,精魅亦通世故,而玩世不恭之意寓焉”,而对《聊斋志异》的评价是以郭沫若的最有名,是“写鬼写妖高人一等,刺贪刺虐入骨三分”,所以不正确的是D。

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篇9:大学英语作文考试常用句子

全文共 3742 字

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作文一直是考生重点关注的部分,也是考试的重难点,下面是为大家带来的大学英语作文考试常用句子,希望可以帮助大家!

一.段首句

1)关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to 省略.Some people suggest that 省略.

2)俗话说……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使今天,它在许多场合仍然使用。

There is an old saying省略.It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.

3)现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today,省略,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life.First,省略,Second,省略.What makes things worse is that 省略.

4)现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外……。

Nowadays,it is common to 省略.Many people like 省略because省略.Besides,省略.

5)任何事物都是两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and 省略is not an exception.It has both advantages and disadvantages.

6)关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为……,在他们看来,……

Peoples opinions about 省略vary from person to person.Some people say that 省略.To them,省略.

7)人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变的越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem省略which is becoming more and more serious.

8)……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年轻人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

省略has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9)……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

省略has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10)根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条图形/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages/ in the chart/bar graph/line/graph, it can be seen that省略.Obviously,省略,but why?

二.中间段落句

1)相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。

On the contrary,there are some people in favor of 省略.At the same time ,they say省略.

2)但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve省略.For example,省略.Worst of all,省略.

3)……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……

省略is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction.First,省略.Whats more,省略.Most important of all,省略.

4)有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt.First,we can省略.

5)面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效地方法来……。一方面……,另一方面…… Confronted with省略,we should take a series of effective measures to省略.For one thing,省略For another,省略.

6)早该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it.For example,省略.In addition.省略.All these measures will certainly省略.

7)然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它不利的一面,像……。

However,just like everyone has both its good and bad sides,省略also has its own disadvantages,such as省略.

8)尽管如此,我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless,I believe that省略is more advantageous.

9)完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that省略because省略.

三.结尾句

1)至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……

As for as I am concerned,I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.I think that省略.

2)总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。 In a word,the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of省略.Only in this way can省略in the future.

3)就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因此……

Personally,I believe that省略.Consequently,Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because省略.

4)随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society,省略.So its urgent and necessary to省略.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society,it will be better and better.

5)至于我(对我而言,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能…… For my part,I think it reasonable to省略.Only in this way can we省略.

6)在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形式。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether省略is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of省略-.However,from a personal point of view find省略.

7)综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above,we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that省略.

8)如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means,we may not control this trend,and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly,so what we should do is...

[大学英语作文考试常用句子

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篇10:期中考试初二英语

全文共 4195 字

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期中初二英语作文篇1

Everyone wants to know their future, but nobody knows it. I hope my future will like that. I think I will be an excellent lawyer in the future. I help many people who is in difficulty. I will help the people are in need, no matter they are rich or poor. Then I think I will have a good reputation among the society. In order to have a good body, I will do some exercise every week. My family will be proud of me and always stand behind me. I will work hard to reach my future. Ok, this is the future in my dream. What’ yours?

每个人都想知道自己的未来,却没有人可以知道它。我希望我的未来会这样的。我想将来我会成为一位出色的律师。我会帮助很多人有困难的人。我会帮助那些有需要帮助的人,无论他们是富人还是穷人。我会在社会中享有良好的信誉。为了身体健康,我每个星期都会做一些运动。我的家人为我感到骄傲,而且会永远支持我。我会努力实现那样子的未来。好了,这就是我梦想中的未来。你的是什么呢?

期中初二英语作文篇2

As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. In some places we cant see fish swimming in the river or trees on the hills. Bird there is less and less fresh water in the world.Some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment. But what can we do? How to protect our environment? For example, we can go to school on foot or by bike instead of taking a car. We had better use shopping basketbets instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. We should use both sides of the paper when we write. Dot use paper cups. At our school dinning room, use our own bowls and chopsticks instead of disposable ones. We can reuse the water and save the electricity.In a word, if everyone pays more attention to ourenvironment, there will be less pollution and our life will be better.

"There is only one earth", I hope everyone will protect our environment well.

期中初二英语作文篇3

The leaves circled in the air and were written with a grateful movement, which was the trees thanks to the nourishment of the earth; the white clouds drifted in the blue sky and painted the picture of the sky, which was the blue sky Thanksgiving. Because Thanksgiving will have this colorful society, because Thanksgiving will have sincere friendship. Because thanksgiving let us know the true meaning of life - inscription

From the babys "wah-wah" to fall to nurture him grow up, parents spent a lot of effort and sweat, weaving the number of day and night; from primary school to junior high school, and even the number of teachers for his painstaking efforts , Quietly dedicated light and heat, burning their own, lit up others.

Thanksgiving is from the heart. As the saying goes, "dripping of grace, when the Yongquan phase reported." Moreover, parents, relatives and friends to pay you not only "a drop of water", but a vast ocean. Whether you handed a cup of warm tea after your parents were tired, handed a card on their birthday, and greeted and comforted them when they were lost. They often poured hard and energy for us, and why did we remember them Of the birthday, to experience their tired, and whether it is aware of the strands of silver, that trace of wrinkles. Thanksgiving need your heart to experience, to repay.

Thanksgiving is respectful. Marie Curie as a famous scientist, twice won the Nobel Prize, but she saw her primary school teacher at the meeting, with a bouquet of flowers to express her gratitude; great Mao Zedong also sent to the teacher in the holiday season Deeply grateful. Since ancient times the great man all have a grateful heart, grateful do not need to earth-shattering, just need your greeting, a call, a trace of emotion.

Thanksgiving is meaningful. Love to keep the world spinning. Parents pay far more than the mountains, than the sea deep, and as we only know rice to mouth, clothing to reach out. And it seems that there is a separate zone, let us become selfish, forget the parents have to pay, forget that the sound of happiness, learn to appreciate others is their own conscience, a filial piety, because it will have Harmony, there is happiness, there is respect between each other.

With a grateful heart, to look at the community, look at their parents, look at friends and relatives, you will find yourself how happy, let go of your mind, so start falling rain to wash your mind pollution. Learn to be grateful because it will make the world a better place and make life more fulfilling.

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篇11:小学英语毕业考试

全文共 433 字

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My friends and I have made the appointment to hang out on the weekend. But before the day comes, my parents also have plans. They decide to barbecue with my uncle’s family. I want to go with my parents, so I tell lies to my friends. I tell them I am not feeling well. But later I feel regretful. I should be honest.

我和我的朋友们约好周末出去玩,但是在那天到来之前,我父母也做了计划,他们打算和我叔叔他们家一起去烧烤。我想和我的父母一起去烧烤,所以我对我的朋友撒了谎。我跟他们说我身体不舒服。但是后来我就后悔了,我应该诚实一点的。

[小学英语毕业考试作文

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篇12:今天的英语考试

全文共 315 字

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今天第3——四单元考试(是突击考试),我觉得今天的考试会考的不好。开始考了,我粗略看了眼试卷,还行,不是很难,还是比较简单的,我蛮有信心的开始了考试。

第一部分:听力。

我慢慢的的有一点听不懂,但是我还是勉强听懂了。我正好一抬头,看见张子涵正愁眉苦脸的思考一题,我估计他心里想“这题怎么做?”我看了心里暗暗偷笑。

第二部分:笔试。

笔试一题的火车“train”我忘了怎么拼,并把它留到了最后。终于写完了,我便思考这一题,我怎么思考都想不出来,想啊,想啊,想啊。。我后来不想了,就1分,我不管了。在我检查的时候,突然看到听力一题有train,便仔细一看,“哈哈哈哈,真是天助我也!”我立即把它填上去。便慢慢检查。

希望这次考试能考一个好成绩!

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篇13:精选高一上学期英语期末考试话题作文

全文共 1334 字

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Topic one:Environment Protection(环境保护)

Water Pollution

With the development of industry, water pollution is becoming more serious now. The polluted water not only kills fish, it is also harmful to our health. Many people get sick because they drink the polluted water. In some rivers the water is so dirty that they can even kill plants.

We should fight against the pollution. We should stop using harmful things. I wish it is not a dream that in the near future we can have clean rivers again.

Environment Protection

Nowadays, peoples life has changed a lot with the development of modern technology and economy, which has put lots of negative effects on the environment.

Why this? Because, firstly, some factories are pouring wastes into rivers, lakes, seas and so forth; secondly, because of human activities, a great number of plants and animals are losing their lives; thirdly, using modern machines and chemicals is bad for the environment. Besides these, there are a lot of human activities which have done or are doing harm to our surroundings.

For this, I think, first, our government should make drastic measures to regulate human activities; second, we human beings should take pains-taking work to stop ourselves destroying the environment and try our best to protect our living space more.

Forest Pretention保护森林

[精选高一学期英语期末考试话题作文

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篇14:英语六级考试作文

全文共 907 字

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Nowadays, digital media has permeated almost every aspect of our daily life. It is changing the way that individuals, especially young people, learn, play, socialize, and participate in the society.

As a result, the function of digital media has turned into a major topic for the public. Some people pay tribute to its positive role as very convenient news sources, being available almost anywhere and anytime. While some people condemn the negative influence it has brought on privacy, morality, and independent thinking, which some people used to have and enjoy. And still others have been fighting between the merits and demerits of digital media for a final conclusion.

In my view, digital media is good for us students as it introduces a new way of learning which encourages more interaction and participation rather than rote learning. Besides, digital media makes it easier to produce and share things.

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篇15:2024年6月大学英语六级考试作文范文

全文共 1082 字

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There is a famous saying goes like that “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” This saying shows the relationship between knowledge and practice vividly.

As far as we know, if we don’t have corresponding knowledge of some fields, we cannot do well in the fields. There are innumerable examples to illustrate this point. For instance, a singer can sing well only if he or she possesses musical knowledge; a dancer can dance well only if he or she knows how to dance; a worker can get the job well-done only if he or she is familiar with the basic principles of the job, and so on. But in turn, if we do not apply what we have known to practice, knowledge cannot play its role. For example, if we have learned different methods of cooking vegetables, but we do not cook, then the different methods of cooking vegetables do not produce value for us.

Therefore, if we do not have knowledge, we have nothing to practice, but if we have knowledge without putting it into practice, knowledge is of no avail. So we should acquire as much knowledge and put it into practice.

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篇16:2024年中考英语作文满分必备万能句型

全文共 1747 字

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1. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …

随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …

例:With the rapid development of Taiwans economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。

2. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …

……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例:It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

3. 就我的看法……;我认为……

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, …

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that …

例:In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。

4. 不用说…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) …

= It is obvious that …

例:不用说早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.

5. 在各种……之中,…… Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …

例︰在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …

例:我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。

We shouldnt spend too much time on something we arent interested in.

7. how 引导的感叹句

例:那至少可以证明你很诚实。

At least it will prove how honest you are.

8. 状语从句

A)如果你不……,你就会…… If you dont …, youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作,你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……,以至于…… so … that …

例:At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时,我非常伤心,最后都想放弃了。

9. 宾语从句

我认为,…… / 我认为……不 I think / I dont think that …

我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …

例:He doesnt think I should stop him joining the club.

他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10. Since + S + 过去式, S + 现在完成式。

例:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中,他就一直很用功。

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篇17:初一英语作文:重要的考试

全文共 750 字

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I will finish my middle school life soon, before I graduate, I need to take part in a very important test and it will decide which high school I will be in. I am so nervous now, I want to do my best and go to the ideal high school. My mother told me yesterday that no matter how the result was, she would be happy for me. She did not want me to have too much pressure and she believed me I could do well. Thinking about my mother’s words, I am not nervous now, what’s more, all of my families support me so much. The result is not that important, happiness comes first.

我很快就要结束初中的生活了,在我毕业前,我需要参加一场很重要考试,那就会决定我上哪所高中。我现在很紧张,我想要尽力做到最好,进入到理想的高中。妈妈昨天告诉我无论结果怎么样,她都会为我感到开心。她不想要我有太多的压力,她相信我能做得好。想到妈妈的话语,我现在不紧张了,而且,我所有的家人都很支持我。结果不是那么的重要,开心才是最重要的。

[初一英语作文:重要的考试

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篇18:基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练

全文共 916 字

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英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行,对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量,为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。下面是小编为大家带来的基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练的知识,欢迎阅读。

英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤:

一、 背诵:

首先认真研究历年四级写作真题,重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题,分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点,从语言、结构、 内容三大层面,认真研读经典写作真题范文:语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型;结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换;内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文,要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善,扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。历年英语四级六级真题 >>

二、默写:

背诵熟练之后默写下来,仔细对照原文,会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别,这些区别就是你的写作弱点,学习关键在于针锋突破,不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在,把这些弱点意义克服,分数自然就会提高。

三、 中译英:

首先将写作真题范文译为中文,或参考范文的正确译文,然后进行中译英的工作,根据自己的理解把中文译为英文,最后对照英文原文,你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别,这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子,仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型,原文使用了哪些,这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。

四、 写作:

进行完上述工作之后,在考前必须进行写作的工作,只有动笔写作,才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题,模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文,写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度,但考前一定要进行模考,半小时写出一篇120-150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误,将其改的更加精彩。

英语写作基础不太好的四级考生,必须按照上述步骤严格进行;基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反,首先写作,直接写作英语四级真题;其次中译英,在研读原文之前,进行中译英的工作,译完对比,找出差距;然后背诵;最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架,应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法,积累精彩句型。

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篇19:英语四六级考试祝福语

全文共 1325 字

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这世界上没有不适合学习的人,只是有人没有找到适合自己的学习方法罢了。下面是小编给大家整理的四六级考试祝福语的内容,欢迎大家查看。

1.昨夜临阵磨枪,本想不快也光。如今面对试卷一张,谁知如此迷惘。过往所学皆忘,回忆往事沧桑。昔时心高气旺,幻想提名金榜。只因上课困窘,鸡蛋堆成凤凰。不停咬笔把头晃,两眼放光。如虎似狼,与君同样紧张。看来,只有瞒天过海,暗渡陈仓,怎料老师四眼皆放光!暗示:有胆来创,没胆思量,小样!

2.昨天,我们给你鼓励。今天,我们一起加油努力!明天,我们需要勇气。在这一刻,我相信幸运之神与你同在!终有一天,相约巅峰欢呼起舞!祝考试顺利!

3.祝你成功,成功之路始于脚下。

4.祝考试一切顺利!美梦成真!

5.祝福我的好朋友考试成功!虽然最近我不再陪伴你学习,但是我在心里依然惦记着你.相信你一定会成功的.不管你能否看到.都希望你能感受到我真诚的祝福!

6.周星驰:曾经有一份认真的复习放在我面前,我没有珍惜,等我失去的时候才后悔莫及,人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此。假如教委能够给我一个再来一次的机会,我会对自己说三个字:学彻底。假如非要在这份学习加上一个期限,我希望是……就半年!

7.忠心的祝愿你能取得优异的成绩,如愿以偿,金榜题名。因为这一年你付出了好多,也吃了不少的苦,受了不少的累。我们想,“天道酬勤”是对的。老天不负有心人嘛!通知书一定会飞到你的手上的!

8.这世界上没有不适合学习的人,只是有人没有找到适合自己的学习方法罢了。

9.这两天的考试过程中,要调整好自己的情绪,考过一门,就不要再想了,重要的是吃好,喝好,休息好,营造一种良好的应考氛围,祝愿你考试顺利!

10.再过几日即高考,十年寒窗为今朝。临时没法抱佛脚,上阵磨墙有绝招。考前定要休息好,平常心态很重要,用具准备要趁早,有备而战信心高。祝高考顺利!

11.越接近考试,往往越要在坚实上下功夫。

12.愿天下高考生:忧愁是可微的,快乐是可积的,在未来趋于正无穷的日子里,幸福是连续的,对你的祝福是可导的且大于零,祝你每天快乐的复合函数总是最大值。

13.用那些彩贝去编织你是诗吧,用那簇星座去谱写你的歌吧——生活,需要幻想的音符。

14.信念告诉我的人生,没有比脚更长的道路,没有比人更高的山峰。

15.想说爱你,感觉太沉;想说喜欢,感觉太轻;一天天地眷恋,一夜夜的无眠,我只有数着相思的绿莹帘珠,托星月寄到你窗前.祝考试顺意!

16.想说爱你,感觉太沉;想说喜欢,感觉太轻;一天天地眷恋,一夜夜的无眠,我只有数着相思的绿莹帘珠,托星月寄到你窗前.祝高考顺意!

17.我知道你正在经历人生中的一次重要挑战,或许你有焦虑、有恐惧,也有激动,但我想说,请不要忘记身边所有关着你的人,我们是你坚强的后盾。

18.我知道,考试的日子里,虽然清苦,却很充实。只希望远方的你在记住课本的同时不要忘了我,我会在远方默默的为你祝福,默默的等待你的归期。

19.为你倒数,还有几个小时就要上战场了,希望你能够放松心情,不要紧张。我知道你平时学习一向都很努力,学得很不错,相信你考好成绩是没问题的!

20.十年前,你还蹒跚着脚步寻找人生的起点,今天,你已成功完成了第一次飞跃,从此,你人生路上将充满激情喜悦,恭喜高考成功!

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篇20:考试中常见的文学常识精选

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一、古代神话

中国古代神话名篇有:女娲补天、后羿射日、精卫填海、盘古开天辟地、黄帝战蚩尤等。

二、先秦文学

(1)儒家经典

“五经”指《诗经》、《尚书》、《礼记》、《易经》、《春秋》。

“六经”又称六艺,在“五经”后增加《乐》。

“四书”指《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》。

(2)历史散文有《左传》、《战国策》、《国语》。《谷梁传》、《左传》、《公羊传》同为解说《春秋》的三传。

(3)《诗经》本只称《诗》,后又以“诗三百”为代称。著名篇目有《关雎》、《伐檀》、《硕鼠》、《七月》。《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌总集。收录了从周初到春秋时期的诗歌305篇,分为“风”、“雅”、“颂”三大类。开创了我国文学现实主义传统。

(4)孔子,名丘,字仲尼,又称尼父、圣父,鲁国人,儒家创始人。主要作品有《论语》20篇,各取篇中开头二字为篇名,如《学而》、《为政》等。记录了孔子及其弟子的言行,代表了孔子的基本思想。

(5)左丘明,鲁国史官。主要作品有《左传》,又名《左氏春秋》。《曹刿论战》等选自此书。《左传》是我国第一部叙事详备的编年体史书、历史散文,记载春秋时期的史实,富有文学性。

(6)孟子,名轲,字子舆,战国时儒家代表人物,世称亚圣。书由其弟子编辑。主要作品有《孟子》共7篇,各取篇中开头字为篇名,如《梁惠王》、《公孙丑》、《告子》等。记载了孟子的思想和政治言论。孟子长于论辩,善用比喻,对后世议论性散文的发展影响较大。

(7)列子,名御寇(圉寇),道家前辈。主要作品有《列子》,又名《冲虚真经》。《愚公移山》出于此书。

(8)庄子,名周,世称南华真人,道家代表人物。主要作品有《庄子》,又名《南华经》,现存33篇。属诸子哲理散文,具有浓厚的浪漫色彩,对后世文学有很大影响。

(9)荀子,名况,字卿。避汉宣帝刘询讳,改称孙卿。主要作品有《荀子》,其中《劝学篇》、《天论》等最具代表性。另作《赋篇》对汉赋的兴起有所影响。建立了以儒家思想为主体,又兼采法家和其他各家学说的思想体系。韩非、李斯都是他法治思想的继承者。属诸子哲理散文。

(10)韩非,法家集大成者。主要作品有《韩非子》,全书55篇。《扁鹊见蔡桓公》、《五蠹》、《南郭处士》等都出于此书。属诸子哲理散文,先秦法家的代表著作。

(11)吕不韦,秦相,集合门客编成《吕氏春秋》。主要作品有《吕氏春秋》,又名《吕览》,共160篇。《察今》、《察传》等出于此书。收入诸子哲理散文,杂家的代表著作。

(12)屈原,名平。我国第一位爱国主义、浪漫主义诗人,开创楚辞新诗体,被列为世界文化名人。主要作品有《离骚》、《九歌》(包括《山鬼》、《国殇》等11篇)、《天问》、《九章》(包括《涉江》、《哀郢》、《橘颂》等9篇)。西汉刘向编成《楚辞》一书,以屈作为主。因具有浓厚的楚国地方色彩,故称“楚辞”,后世称这种诗体为“楚辞体”、“骚体”,开创了我国诗歌浪漫主义传统。《离骚》和《诗经》中的国风并称“风骚”,成为“文学”的代名词。

(13)《战国策》33篇。西汉刘向根据史料编定。属国别体史书,历史散文,主要记载战国时期谋臣策士游说诸侯或相互论辩时提出的政治见解和斗争策略,以及他们的政治活动。对后世散文和辞赋的创作有很大影响。

三、两汉文学

(1)贾谊,又称贾生,贾长沙,贾太傅。主要作品有《新书》。另有《吊屈原赋》等赋,开“史论”之先河,其赋上承楚辞下启汉赋,影响很大。

(2)刘安,封淮南王。主要作品有《淮南子》,又名《淮南鸿烈》。“女娲补天”、“后羿射日”、“嫦娥奔月”等故事出于此。

(3)司马迁,字子长,别称太史公,简称史迁。与司马光并称“史界两司马”,与班固并称“班马”。主要作品有《史记》,又名《太史公书》,全书130篇,包括12本纪、8书、10表、30世家、70列传。《史记》是历史散文。我国第一部纪传体通史,开创本纪、世家、列传、表、书五种体例,被誉为“实录、信史”,“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚”,史学“双璧”之一,前“三史、四史”之首。

(4)班固,字孟坚,扶风安陵(今陕西咸阳市东北)人,“班马”之一。主要作品有《汉书》。开创断代的纪传体史书体例,前“三史、四史”之一。

(5)乐府民歌和赋乐。乐府原为汉代音乐机关所搜集的诗。《孔雀东南飞》是汉乐府叙事诗发展的高峰。最早见于南朝徐陵编纂的《玉台新咏》。赋是我国古代韵文和散文的综合体。主要流传的作品有《陌上桑》、《长歌行》、《上邪》、《十五从军征》、《孔雀东南飞》。前四者见宋代郭茂倩编的《乐府诗集》,后者见南朝徐陵编的《玉台新咏》,其中《孔雀东南飞》是我国古代最长的叙事诗,与《木兰诗》合称“乐府双璧”。

四、魏晋南北朝文学

(1)“三曹”即曹氏父子曹操、曹丕、曹植。曹操的《观沧海》,曹丕的《蒿里行》,曹植的《名都篇》、《白马篇》、《洛神赋》都很有名。

(2)“建安七子”:孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢。“竹林七贤”:阮籍、嵇康、山涛、刘伶、王戎、向秀、阮咸。

(3)诸葛亮,字孔明,别号卧龙,封武乡侯。其主要作品有《诸葛亮集》,《出师表》出于此。

(4)干宝,字令升。主要作品有《搜神记》。《干将莫邪》、《东海孝妇》都出于此。《搜神记》是我国最早的短篇小说集之一,多为志怪故事。

(5)陶渊明,名潜,字元亮,自号五柳先生,谥靖节,我国第一位杰出的田园诗人。有《陶渊明集》,代表作有《桃花源记》、《归去来兮辞》、《归园田居》、《饮酒》等。

(6)范晔,字尉宗,著《后汉书》。纪传体断代史,前“四史”之一。

(7)刘义庆,袭封临川王。主要作品有《世说》,唐时称为《世说新书》,宋时称《世说新语》。属笔记体小说,记载魏晋人物的言谈轶事,与“志怪小说”相对,可看作“志人小说”的开端。

(8)刘勰,字彦和,晚年为僧,法名慧地。主要作品有《文心雕龙》,是我国第一部文艺理论专著。

(9)北朝乐府主要作品有《木兰诗》、《敕勒歌》、《折扬柳歌辞》,都被收入《乐府诗集》。

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