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关于如何提高写作的英语作文(优秀20篇)

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2024小升初英语作文写作指导

全文共 697 字

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一:用介词短语替代从句,例:

原句:While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后:During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句:When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后:At the second traffic light turn left.

二:删除诸如"who is"或"that is"之类的关系代词,变从句为短语,例:

句:The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后:The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注:把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达,节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉,这只会引起最少的变动。

三:剔除你不需要的单词,例:

Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. 写完这样的句子后,你自己再读一遍,挑出单词"joint"和"telephone",注意删去不必要的词。

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更多相似作文

篇1:提高网络安全的高中英语作文篇

全文共 1540 字

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Recentlythe news that U.S attack on Chinas Internet is always exposed.And the question of how to stay online safely raises a lot of discussion in our country.As a resultin the era of rapid development of networkwe must take measures to protect our security of privacy and property effectively.

最近的新闻都揭示了美国对中国网络的攻击.如何安全地上网在我国引起了大量的讨论.结果是在网络飞速发展的时代我们必须要采取有效的措施来保护我们的隐私和财产安全.

From my perspectivein the first placewe should call attention to our personal information.Not only do we not offer them at random in some strange websitesbut we need to distinguish right from wrong among the numerous websites.Furthermoreit is inevitable that some secure anti-virus soft wares can be installed.And it will make it possible for that network can run more steadily.In addition to doing some work by ourselvesthe government needs to draw up some policies to preserve national cyber security.It involves probing for deeply rooted reasonsdevising creative solutionsdeveloping high-tech talents and strengthening the supervision.

从我的角度来看首先我们应该关注我们的个人信息.我们不仅不随随便便在一些奇怪的网站提供自己的信息而且我们需要在众多的网站之间明辨是非.此外安装一些安全的杀毒软件是必须的.这使得网络运行更加稳定.除了我们自己该做一些努力之外还需要政府制定相关政策来保护国家网络安全.这就涉及到探究深层次的原因想出有创造性的解决方案发展高新技术人才、加强监管.

Although scientists still cannot overcome the problem completelythey are studying a great deal about how to protect our national cyber security.Howeverconsciousness of cyber security should not decline.Only in this waywe just enjoy the convenience brought by the network.网络的好与坏高中英语作文

尽管科学家仍无法完全克服这个问题但是他们正在研究大量关于如何保护我们国家网络安全的办法.然而不应该放松网络安全意识.只有这样我们才能享受到网络带给我们的便利.

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篇2:2024考研英语写作热点素材大全

全文共 3684 字

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1.While the inclination to procrastinate is common, one must fully consider the detrimental impact of unnecessary delays.

虽然拖延的倾向是普遍的,但是人们应该充分考虑到不必要的延误造成的有害影响。

2.The tendency to take things for granted is understandable, but the need for one to rationally evaluate the circumstances of any situation is absolutely essential.

想当然的倾向是可以理解的,但是,理智地估计任何情形的情况是完全必需的。

3.Most people are under the illusion that a college degree guarantees success. There is no such guarantee without hard work.

许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。不努力工作就没有这样的保证。

4.Some stubbornly hold to the correctness of traditional practices, but in so doing they seem to totally ignore the fact that progress depends on change.

一些人固执地坚持传统做法的正确性,但是,他们这么做,似乎完全忽视了进步依靠变化的事实。

5.Generally speaking, previous parliamentary policy debates ignored the relevance of transparency.

总的来说,以前议会中针对政策的辩论忽视了透明度的重要性。

6.A precise definition of poverty is actually very difficult to determine. Where does one draw the line between those who are poor and those who are not?

对贫困的精确定义实际上是很难的。如何在贫穷和非贫穷的人之间划一条界限呢?

7.Admittedly, bribery and corruption are endemic to our political and economic systems, but it doesn’t necessarily follow that all politicians and business people resort to illicit behavior.

诚然,贿赂和腐败在我们的政治和经济系统中很流行,但这并不是说所有的政府官员和商界人士都采取违法行为。

8.There’s little doubt that a third World War is avoidable, but it is highly unlikely that regional conflicts will disappear in the foreseeable future.

毫无疑问,第三次世界大战是可以避免的,但是,在可预见的将来地区冲突消失是非常不可能的。

9.Some people assume that investing in stock is a safe pursuit, but their assumption fails to hold water when considering the substantial risk involved.

有的人想当然地认为投资股票是有把握的事情,但是,考虑到涉及的巨大风险,他们的想当然就说不通了。

10.Some people have called for accelerated across-the-board changes. Their approach quite frankly ignores the need for gradual but effective changes.

一些人要求更快速的全盘改变。他们的做法的确忽略了渐进而有效的改变的必要性。

范文一:

Recruitment Announcement

Do you want to be part of a high-level international conference? Do you want to have close contact with world-famous scholars? Here comes your opportunity: becoming a

volunteer for the 2010 international conference on globalization.

The conference will open in China on Feb. 28 and our university has been luckily selected as the host from 20 top Chinese universities. It will be a great honor and

also a challenge for us to organize such an important meeting, so in order to assure its success, 50 volunteers will be recruited from the students in our university.

If you possess basic English-speaking ability, good communication skills, and tremendous working enthusiasm, you will be the ideal candidate we are looking for.

What a great chance it is to display your talents! To seize such a marvelous opportunity, you just need to send your resume to our office in room 302 of the Teaching

Building 5 before Feb. 12, 2010. If needing more details, please contact us at our telephone number 12345678.

Postgraduates’ Association

范文二:

Volunteers Needed

January 9, 2010

To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on

globalization to be held on December 9, 2010 in Beijing. To begin with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a strong professional spirit, cheerful personality

and be aged under 35. In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently.

Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred. Those graduate students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of

their classes before February 1, 2010. Everybody is welcome to join in it. (107)

Postgraduate Association

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篇3:2024中考作文写作技巧:提高写作水平

全文共 739 字

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导语:读得多了,自然就会从各个方面得到提高写作水平。下面小编为大家提供一些中考作文写作技巧,请大家仔细阅读!

很多孩子对作文的畏难情绪和厌烦心理十分严重。喜欢作文的少,对成绩不在乎的多。作文辅导成为我们家长较为头疼的问题。而家长作文指导的失误又会导致作文越学越难。由于家长在很多时候并没有认识到作文辅导的特殊性,侧重于传授作文知识,讲析作文技巧,而对写作体验不多的孩子来说,那些所谓的技巧很难派上用场,反倒使孩子无所适从。

由于家长不了解孩子的实际情况,作文指导无法做到有的放矢,孩子胡编乱造,被动应付,必然产生厌烦情绪。要克服目前普遍存在的,孩子怕作文,家长有劲使不上的状况,对孩子作文水平的正确认识是一个前提。

孩子说作文难,归纳起来不外乎两点:

一是难在写作时不知道该写些什么

二是难在作文不知道该怎么写

究其原因主要有三方面:

一、积累不多

是生活积累受其年龄限制,不够丰富;

二、内容空洞

受其知识基储阅读量的限制,文章内容干瘪,缺乏知识性和趣味性;

三、缺乏理性

是受其表情达意的能力及写作方法掌握较少的制约,使文章缺乏条理性。

因此,我们家长必须改变,“讲”作文、“教”作文的做法,把解决作文题材作为突破口,把克服畏难情绪作为前提,把培养孩子的主动意识作为主线,从而全面提高作文水平。

阅读是写作的基础,养成良好的阅读习惯,积累更多的语言材料语文学科不像自然学科那样严密,它始终离不开由量变到质变的过程。现代著名作家巴金对于背诵记忆的积累作用谈得十分直接,他说:“现在有多篇文章储蓄在我的脑海里了。虽然我对其中任何一篇都没有很好地研究过,但这么多的具体东西最少可以使我明白所谓‘文章’究竟是怎么回事。”这便是积累的很好体现,孩子的阅读积累也是同样的道理:读得多了,自然就会从各个方面得到提高。

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篇4:GMAT写作水平的提高方法

全文共 553 字

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提高GMAT写作水平,要从熟悉和准备GAMT写作入手,然后在结构规划上下工夫,提高机考打字速度,熟悉GAMT写作的要求和评分标准,还有就是注意写作的结构规划等。

首先是熟悉GMAT写作,就是要熟悉计算机化考试的模式。考生必须要提高打字的速度和准确度,就能大幅减少浪费在凝视键盘和删除修改上的时间;另外善于使用复制和粘贴也会对写作速度有所提高。GMAT写作分为Issue和Argument两个部分,每个部分时间均为30分钟,考虑到构思时间和字数要求,考生应将自己的打字速度至少保持在20~30词/分钟,并且尽可能提高拼写的正确率,从而避免频繁修改,这样对提高GMAT写作水平是功劳不小的。

熟悉GMAT写作的下一步就是熟悉GMAT写作对作文的要求与评分标准。考生要仔细阅读官方给出的判分标准和参考范文,尤其是对于范文的评价。通过分析上述材料,考生可以将自己的作文在日后和范文与标准多作比较,从而不断修改自己的作文,以使得写作水平日益提升。提高GMAT写作水平要慎重地考察范文的可靠性和客观性。

准备GMAT考试首先就是针对写作的准备,换句话讲,就是首先要提高自身的写作水平和语言表述。而针对提高GMAT写作水平的不仅仅是遣词造句的能力,更是衔句成篇的思路。考生首先要设法完善思路和框架,再去力求提高运用语言的技巧。

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篇5:高考英语写作必背句式90个

全文共 14441 字

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一个句子必须按照一定的模式来组织,这个模式称为句式。下面是语文迷为大家提供的高考英语写作优秀句式,供大家参考。

1) on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

2) due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

3) since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

4) furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

5) from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

6) there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

7) According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

8) The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

9) No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

10) People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

11) An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

12) When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

13) Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

14) Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

15) An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

16) Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

17) There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

18) An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

19) A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

20) Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

21) Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

22) In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

23) The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

24) It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

25) Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

26) No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

27) People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

28) In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

29) In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

30) We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

31) People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

32) The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

33) Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

34) This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

35) For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

36) Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

37) This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

38) Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

39) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

40) In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

41) Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

42) Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

43) Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

44) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

45) There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

46) This issue has caused wide public concern.

47) It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

48) A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

49) As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

50) It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

51) Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

52) It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

53) For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

54) There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

55) This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

56) Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

57) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

58) Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

59) In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

60) It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

61) Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

62) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

63) Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

64) There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

65) Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

66) However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

67) Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

68) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

69) Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

70) Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

71) But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

72) Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

73) Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

74) From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

75) Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

76) There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

77) An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

78) It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

79) Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

80) Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

81) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

82) An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

83) For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

84) For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

85) There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

86) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

87) Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

88) Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

89) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

90) These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

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篇6:英语日记的写作格式

全文共 308 字

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I have nine little goldfish. Eight goldfish are all orange and one is black. I like the black one best. We call it Xiao Hei. Its body is black. It has two big and round eyes, a small mouth, and a big tail. Though its very small, it swims fast.

I often feed them and change water for them. We are good friends.

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篇7:提高记叙文写作水平之阅读记叙文

全文共 3148 字

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学习如何写作和其他的学问道理是一样的,熟能生巧。下面是小编为你整理的提高记叙文写作水平阅读记叙文,欢迎阅读。

一.各种表达方式。

(1)记叙。弄清记叙的要素和线索是阅读记叙文的基本要求,同时,还要分清记叙的顺序与人称。

(2)描写。描写是记叙文中常用的一种表达方式,用来表现人物、交代背景、渲染气氛、抒发感情、突出中心;说明文中的描写是为了把事物说得更准确、更易懂、更形象。

(3)说明。理清说明顺序,抓住特征,分清说明方法。

(4)议论。分清议论的要素和议论的方式,分析记叙文中议论的作用。

(5)抒情。抒情有直接抒情和间接抒情。要正确理解作者的情,就必须因人因事因物,从对人、事、物的叙述和描写中感受作者的情感。

二.线索及作用

文章线索的安排通常有以下几种形式:

1、以主题为线索。 2、以人物为线索。 3、以事物为线索。 4、以中心事件为线索。 5、以“情”为线索。

作用:是贯穿全文的脉络,把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起,使文章条理清楚、层次清晰。

三.记叙顺序及作用

1、顺叙(按事情发展先后顺序)

作用:叙事有头有尾,条理清晰,读起来脉络清楚、印象深刻。

2、倒叙(先写结果,再交待前面发生的事。)

作用:造成悬念、吸引读者,避免叙述的平板单调,增强文章的生动性。

3、插叙(叙事时中断线索,插入相关的另一件事。)

作用:对情节起补充、衬托作用,丰富形象,突出中心。

四、怎样分析记叙文的写作特色?

1、分析文章的表达方式。以记叙为主,综合运用描写,抒情,议论等表达方式。

2、分析文章的顺序与结构。记叙文常用的顺序有顺叙、倒叙和插叙。

3、分析文章的表现手法。记叙文常用的表现手法有对比烘托法、欲扬先抑法、象征手法、借物喻人、情景交融等。

4、分析文章的语言特色。记叙文在语言的运用上有两种类型,一是朴实无华,二是优美生动。分析时应把握不同类型的语言特色,还要结合作者的感情和态度。

可从下列语句中选择:

朴实无华、形象生动、清新优美、简洁凝练、准确严密、精辟深刻、通俗易懂、音韵和谐、节奏感强。注:必须结合具体语句分析。

五、某句话在文章中的作用是什么?

结构方面:总领全文、总结上文、为下文作铺垫、引起下文、承上启下、线索、照应前文。

内容方面:点明中心、深化主题。(需结合具体内容来讲)

第一段的作用:

环境描写:点明故事发生的地点,环境,引出下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫

其他:开篇点题,奠定全文的感情基调;总领全文或引起下文,为下文情节发展作铺垫

六、常用的表达方式:记叙、说明、议论、描写、抒情。

七、怎样体会作者的态度、观点和感情?

可以从以下几方面分析:1、分析文章的题目 2、分析文章的开头 3、分析文章的结尾 4、分析文章的抒情议论段落 5、分析写作背景和写作意图

概括记叙文的中心有一些常用的格式:

本文记叙了(描写了)……的故事(事迹、经过、事件、景物),表现(反映、歌颂、批判、揭露)了……的思想(性格、精神、实质),抒发作者……的感情。

八、写作手法及作用?

(1)拟人手法

赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化,从而达到形象生动的效果。

(2)比喻手法

形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理。

(3)夸张手法

突出人或事物的特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。

(4)象征手法

把特定的意义寄托在所描写的事物上,表达了……的情感,增强了文章的表现力。

(5)对比手法

通过比较,突出事物的特点,更好地表现文章的主题(具体)。

(6)衬托(侧面烘托)手法

以次要的人或事物衬托主要的人或事物,突出主要的人或事物的特点、性格、思想、感情等。

(7)讽刺手法

运用比喻、夸张等手段和方法对人或事物进行揭露、批判和嘲笑,加强深刻性和批判性,使语言辛辣幽默。

(8)欲扬先抑

先贬抑再大力颂扬所描写的对象,上下文形成对比,突出所写的对象,收到出人意料的感人效果。

(9)前后照应(首尾呼应)

使情节完整、结构严谨、中心突出。

九、修辞方法及作用

(1)比喻:运用了……的修辞,生动形象地写出了……

(2)拟人:运用了……的修辞,生动形象地赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作,使物人格化

(3)夸张:突出特征,揭示本质,给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。

(4)排比:增强语势,条理清晰,节奏鲜明,生动形象地写出了……

(5)对偶:形式整齐,音韵和谐,互相映衬,互为补充。

(6)反复:强调某种意思,强烈抒情,富有感染力。

(7)设问:引人注意与思考,引出下文,承上启下。

(8)反问:态度鲜明,加强语气,给人以不可辩驳的力量.

(9) 引用:增强语言说服力

注:必须结合相关语句分析。

十、小说的三要素?

1、完整的故事情节、生动的人物形象、人物活动的具体环境

2、情节可分为:(序幕)开端、发展、高潮、结局 (尾声)

3、分类:长篇、中篇、短篇、小小说(微型小说)

4、环境描写的作用有:(1)交代故事发生的时间、地点,为人物活动提供具体的背景。(2)渲染气氛(3)烘托人物心理或烘托人物形象(4)推动故事情节的发展(为下文作铺垫)

5、描写的种类: 正面描写、侧面描写、环境描写、场面描写、细节描写、人物描写(外貌描写,语言描写,动作描写,神态描写,心理描写)

6、续写小说结尾:按照小说故事情节发展的规律续写,要简洁含蓄,富有哲理,

十一、表现手法(写作方法)

借景抒情、托物言志、动静结合的手法、寓情于景、情景交融、以小见大、铺垫、烘托、衬托、对比、象征、人称,虚实结合、欲扬先抑(欲抑先扬)、卒章显志、 联想、想象、正面描写、侧面描写、直接抒情、间接抒情、照应、巧设悬念、夸张、比喻、拟人、叙述、描写、抒情、讽刺等等。

十二、散文的一般知识

1 如何概括抒情散文的中心?主要内容+思想感情

(1)借景抒情的散文:运用“描写了……抒发了……”格式

(2)借物喻人的散文:运用“描写了……赞美了……”格式

(3)托物言志的散文:运用“描写了……启示了……”格式

2、艺术表现手法:借景抒情、托物言志、动静结合的手法、寓情于景、情景交融

3、散文经常运用:想象(无中生有)、联想(由此及彼,由一事物想到另一事物)、象征(托义于物)、衬托(以他体陪衬本体的方法)、对比。

【记叙文阅读】两手牵住亲情

小时侯,父亲总是牵着我的手教我如何走路,母亲总是牵着我的手教我喊“爸爸”“妈妈”,再长大一点,父亲牵着我的后教会我骑自行车,母亲则重视牵着的我手逛街。

不知从何时起,角色换了,我牵着的是好朋友的手,一起扫过喧闹的大街,走在时尚的街头,听店里面的音响传出流行音乐,一起喝着卡布基诺,抬头45度,仰望天空。而我与父母不再牵手,甚至有的时候连说话都有那么一点点不自在。

今天,忽然听到张含韵甜美的声音唱起《爸爸妈妈》,就心血来潮,想与他们牵一次手。

于是,我今天总是在注意他们的一举一动,一直想找个合适的机会,合适的理由与他们牵手

理由,其实很简单,不就是想和他们牵一次手吗!但是这个理由却让我觉得很难说出口,也许是出于长大吼的一种顾虑吧高考满分作文记叙文7篇作文。

机会,也有很多,可我只能看着机会一次次与我擦身而过,但却很难向前迈一步。

晚饭过后,爸爸妈妈出去散步以前从来不愿和他们一起出去的我今天却很兴奋,这让他们大吃一惊。街上大多都是出来散步的人,有年轻的夫妇,有老人,但看不到与我同龄的人,呵!想不到大家和我一样啊!

我想,散步的时候牵他们的手是最好不过的了。但我刚刚吧手提起来,又在半空中放了下去。呵,还是很腼腆呢!

正在考虑该怎么办,这时,听到了汽车的喇叭声,还没有反应过来,爸妈已着急地牵住了我的手,紧紧的,将我拉了回来。两股注入爱的暖流沿着手臂注入我的身体内,很温暖。

牵手,原来很简单,根本不需要什么理由,不过是走在左侧的父爱与走在右侧的母爱,这两种浓浓的亲情,就胜过了千万种理由。

两手牵着亲情成长,还怕什么呢!

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篇8:2024初中英语作文写作技巧指导

全文共 1649 字

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一、了解高分作文的特点

要想作文获得高分,必须了解高分作文具有的特点,才有助于我们朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特点:

1、书写工整,书面整洁,很少有涂改痕迹。

2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一个自然段,让阅卷老师很容易就能找到作文所要求写的要点和重要句子。

3、要点齐全,不缺要点。

4、首尾呼应,自然成一体。

5、使用了大量的高级词汇和句型。阅卷老师一看就知道这个同学的功底非不一般,自然就给打高分了。

6、开头言简意赅,不啰嗦,不偏题,迅速引入主题。

7、段与段之间,自然过渡。有合适的连接词。

8、句与句之间,有恰当的连接词,使之自然成一体。

9、全文中同一个意思,基本没有重复使用某一个词、短语或者句型等,说明这个同学的词汇量不同寻常。老师自然就对该作文有好感了。

10、能够恰当使用谚语、格言等给文章添彩。

二、勤积累,巧准备

要想作文得高分,除了了解以上的特点外,还要在平时的学习中注意一下方面:

1、牢记课标词汇是基础

一篇作文多数是由积极词汇写出来的,这些词汇主要来源于课标。因此,牢记课标词汇是写好作文的基础。

2、掌握课标词汇和短语的用法

要想作文不扣分或者少扣分,有个要求是作文的语病少。怎么能够减少语病呢?这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中反复通过练习,掌握课标词汇和短语等的用法。例如,对于assoonas、stopsomebodyfromdoingsomething、other、another等的用法很多学生就经常出错。

3、高度重视同一个意思的多种表达方式

高分作文有个特点是:让老师发现你拥有丰富的词汇量,你的水平高人一筹。这由何而来?靠我们在平时学习过程中,逐步积累起来的。比如:今年的中考作文,谈的就是帮助他人的问题。同一个意思“帮助”,假如你就用一个动词“help”,岂不显得你词汇贫乏?假如你在作文中不断地变换方式,用help、givesomebodyahand、giveahandtosomebody、beinneedof等以表达“帮助”同一个意思,岂不更好呢?

像这样的例子很多,比如:大家都觉得很简单又很基础的“表示姓名的方式”就有:MynameisJim.I’mJim.I’mcalled/namedJim.I’maboycalled/named/withthenameofJim.等等。

表达年龄的方式有:Sheis12.Sheis12yearsold.Sheisaged12.Sheisagirlof12(yearsold)。Sheisagirlaged12.等等。

很显然,使用高级一点的更好。

4、加强练习,积累经验

学习语言最好的方法是运用,作文也不例外。我们要想作文得高分,必须经常练习,才能提高水平。

5、充分利用作文范文

很多资料书上都有作文范文。诚然,他们有很多值得借鉴的地方。

我们怎么利用它们呢?首先,我们先不要看文章,自己先思考一下:假如你来写,你会怎么去写,会用到哪些词或者句子等。然后去比较,勾出其中的好词佳句,并且把它摘录在专门的作文册子上。供写作时选用。

另外,背一些范文也是很有必要的。

6、背诵一些谚语和警句

作文中如果出现恰当的谚语和警句,会有锦上添花的效果。

三、精心审题,沉着写初稿

很多同学看到作文后,下笔就写。这是不对的。一则很容易写偏题、写出病句,涂改后书面又不整洁,影响得分。

其实,会写作文的同学都知道,审题非常的重要,可以防止很多毛病,提高得分。那么我们审题要做些什么呢?

审题主要要做一下事情:

1、审人称、时态、体裁等

审题时,要求我们要弄清楚这篇文章主要使用的人称是第几人称,什么时态、什么体裁。这些问题解决后至少不会犯很严重的错误:全文皆错。例如,如果一篇文章,本来应该一般过去时,你的每句话却用了一般现在时态。你想想,那还能得高分吗?

2、明确必须表达的要点

高分作文有个特点是要点齐全。如果漏掉一个要点,则要扣分。因此我们必须认真细读其要求,把必须表达的要点勾出来。保证不漏掉任何一个要点。

3、罗列出可能会用到的短语、句型,确定好使用哪个?

4、确定好如何分段

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篇9:提高自己写作的方法

全文共 477 字

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1、注意平时积累,做生活的有心人。

生活的积累是写作的源泉,就像罗丹所说的“美是到处都有的。对于我们的眼睛,不是缺少美,而缺少发现。”因此,我们要培养学生做生活的有心人,善于留心观察身边的事物,到大自然中去陶冶美的性情,到社会生活中去发现美的事物。只有生活丰富多彩、热爱生活的人,思想才会活跃,感情才会丰富,才可能写出感人的文章。

2、留心观察,善于捕捉事物特征。

正如指出的:“一棵树的叶子,看上去是大体相同的,但仔细一看,每片叶子都有不同。有共性,也有个性,有相同的方面,也有相异的方面。”因此,要注意培养学生细心观察的习惯,使他们在细心观察的基础上善于找出同类事物千差万别的个性和特征。

3、注重阅读,丰富间接生活积累。

生活的直接积累对写作是十分重要和有意义的,但受着时间、空间的限制,人的精力和经验总是有限的,不可能任何生活都直接参与、直接体验。因此,要培养学生善于阅读的好习惯,因为大量的知识要从书本中来获得。同时,使学生养成写阅读笔记的学习习惯。俗话说:“好记性不如烂笔头。”只要大量阅读,善于积累,同样可以从中获得对生活的丰富感受,提高生活的认识。

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篇10:2024年高考英语专题之写作基础知识

全文共 1830 字

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从历年高考写作题来看, 特别是基础写作, 要点都是一目了然的, 写什么, 对于考生来说不是问题, 问题是不知如何写。

实践证明, 只有写出正确地道的句子, 才有可能把文章写好。磨刀不误砍柴功, 写作需练基本功。你有了扎实的基本功, 不管是基础写作还是读写任务, 也不管考什么作文题, 你都能得高分。因此, 从某种意义上说, 我们不必刻意追求猜题押题, 而应脚踏实地地去练好基本功, 这才是高考高分的备考上策。

【基本句型特训】

这里的基本句型包括简单句的五个基本句型和there be句型。

所谓简单句就是由一个主语 (包括并列主语)和一个谓语 (包括并列谓语) 组成的句子, 即一个主谓关系的句子。

六个基本句型

典型例句

主+谓

He studies very hard.

主+谓+宾

We enjoy sports.

主+谓+间宾+直宾

Sports bring me happiness.

主+谓+宾+宾补

Exercise mades me healthy.

主+系+表

Exercise is very beneficial.

There be句型

There are three reasons why I like it.

特别提醒: 根据历年高考阅卷的情况, 考生写句子最易犯的错是: 不用be时却用了, 或者该用be时却没用。因此, 我们须注意:

1.英语句子通常要有谓语动词, 否则就不完整。如表达 “他很累”, 不能说He very tired.

而要说He is very tired. 因为tired是形容词, 句中无动词。切记: 当句子意思完整, 但句中没有动词时, 一定要加上be。

2. 当句中已有谓语动词时, 若不是进行时态或被动语态, 一定不要再用be。如表达 “他昨天来过这里”, 不能说He was came here yesterday. 而要说He came here yesterday.

[课堂练习]

用基本句型翻译下列各组句子, 然后合并成一篇通顺自然的5句话的短文。

●心中有梦:

单句翻译

1. David 7岁了。 (主系表)

2. 他有一个梦想。 (主谓宾)

3. 他想在天上飞。 (主谓宾)

4. 他做了一架纸飞机。 (主谓双宾)

5. 他完成了作业。 (主谓宾)

6. 他玩纸飞机。 (主谓)

7. 有一天, 天上有一架飞机在飞。 (there be句型)

8. 他的父亲鼓励他努力学习成为飞行员。 (主谓宾宾补)

9. 他非常努力地学习。 (主谓)

10. 十八年后他实现了他的梦想。 (主谓宾)

合并成文

______________________________________________________________________________________________

【标准答案】

1. David was seven years old.

2. He had a dream.

3. He wanted to fly in the sky.

4. He made himself a paper plane.

5. He finished homework.

6. He always played with the paper plane.

7. There was a plane flying in the sky.

8. His father encouraged him to study hard and be a pilot.

9. He worked very hard at his lessons.

10. He made his dream come true 18 years later.

合并成文: When David was seven years old, he dreamed of flying in the sky. Having finished his homework, he made himself a paper plane to play with. One day, there was a plane flying in the sky. His father

encouraged him to be a pilot in the future. It was by working hard that he made his dream come true eighteen years later.

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篇11:英语日记的写作指导及例文

全文共 1516 字

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导语:要学好写英语短文,就必须经常练习写作。记日记是提高书面表达能力的有效方法之一。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文指导,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

一、日记的格式

英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况,如:Sunny,Fine,Rainy,Windy,Snowy,Cloudy等。

1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时,通常以月、日、年为顺序,月份可以缩写,日和年用逗号隔开。例如:

A)September 1,2004或September 1st,2004也可省略写成Sept. 1,2004或Sept. 1st,2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)

B)只有月、日:September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)

C)只有年、月:September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)

以上的1或1st都应读作the first.

2、星期也可以省略不写,可将其放在日期前或后,星期和日期之间不用标点,但要空一格,星期也可缩写。如:

Saturday,October 22nd,2004;October 22nd,2004 Saturday

3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如:Sunny,Fine,Rainy,Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后,用逗号隔开,位于日记的右上角。如:

Saturday,March 4,2004,Windy;1st January,2004,Fine

二、日记的要求

日记的正文是日记的主要部分,写在星期和日期的正下方,可以顶格写,也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生,谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况,用其它时态。如:记叙天气、描写景色,为了描写生动,可以使用现在时,以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了,有连贯性。若有文字提示,则应重视提示,把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句,以防繁杂,造成语法、句型错误。

三、日记的类型和训练

日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中,可按以下步骤进行:

①将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来,不附加任何感情色彩,这是最简单的记日记的方法;

②阅读别人的日记,并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。

「范文与点评」

March 12th,2003,Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7∶30 in the morning,all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard,and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired,we still felt very happy.

这是一篇记叙型的日记。结构严谨,中心突出,有选择地记录当天的见闻(人或事),并加以分析和评论。

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篇12:英语作文写作模板

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导语:套用一些英语作文模板可以得到分数的提高哦!下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)

有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。

Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.

觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。

Some people advocate that ....

有些人在坚持认为_________。

They hold that ... 他们认为_________。

People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds)

坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.

那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。

Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.

强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that...

有人会认为___________。

Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.

俗话说,""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.

对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。

There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...

万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。

When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....

提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____.

When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...

提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。

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篇13:写作指导:中考英语写作六要素

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每年的英语中考都有写作这一考查的内容,所以同学们要重视写作的方法,消除畏惧心理,排除心理障碍。纵观近几年中考英语写作题,题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说,不同的写作题材,它的人物,时间,写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面简单介绍一下中考英语写作六个要素:审题清,要点明,列提纲,全文顺,无病句,打草稿。

一、审题要清

看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔,看懂题意,根据提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。

二、要点明确

要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐一罗列出。

三、列出提纲

为写作做好准备。根据文章要点短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词语记下,形成提纲。

四、写顺全文

写短文时要做到五个方面:

1.避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。

2.多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或独立主格结构等较复杂的句型。

3.注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。语态、时态要准确无误;主谓语要一致,主语的人称和数要和谓语一致;注意冠词用法,例如:It takes Tom half an hour to go to school by bus.中的an不能写成a;注意拼写,例如:fourteen,forty,ninth等不要写成forteen,fourty,nineth等;注意标点符号和大小写。

4.描写人物时,要生动具体,可以选择使用下列词汇,例如:外形:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,pretty等;颜色:red,yel-low,blue,white,green,brown,black等;心情:glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interest-ed等;情感:love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等。

5.上下文要连贯。同学们应把写好的句子,根据故事情节,事情发生的先后次序(时间或空间),使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理,使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法:并列关系:and,as well as,or…;转折关系:but,yet,how-ever…;时间关系:when,while,after,before,then,after that…;因果关系:so,there-fore,asaresult…;目的:in order to,in order that,so as to,so that…;列举:for example ,such as…;总结性:in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking…

五、没有病句

中考作文时,由于时间紧、内容多,同学们出错在所难免。因此,改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分,根据错误多少来扣分。因此中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:(1)看字数是否达到要求,看有无遗漏要点。

(2)看文体格式是否正确规范。

(3)看有无语法或用词上的错误。

(4)看单词拼写、字母大小写是否有错,标点符号有无遗漏或用错等等。

(5)注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致。

六、先打草稿

考试中,书面表达应做到先打草稿,写完后多读几遍,检查是否有误,然后再抄到试卷上,注意字迹要工整,不涂、不画、不勾不抹,避免不必要的扣分。

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篇14:高中英语写作技巧指导

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高考英语作文需要将有自己的想法,并且掌握好写作的方法,这样英语才能得到高分。

1、审题:审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想、主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料。

2、进行构思,列出简单的提纲,打造文章之骨架:审好题、立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事:安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾。

3、扩展成文:根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题,千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括:顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题:

1)确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样,才能保证所写段落不偏题、不跑题。

2)要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排,避免段落内容的交叉。

3)用好连接词,注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明,思路清晰,文字连贯,就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁,而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门,以下几点可供参考:

1)在整篇文章中,避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词,准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式,如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等,从而增加文章的可读性。

2)使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话,通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3)改变句子的开头方式,不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首,或用分词等。

4)学会使用过渡词。

(1) 递进furthermore,moreover,besides,in addition,then,etc

(2) 转折however,but,nevertheless,afterwards,etc

(3) 总结finally,at last,in brief,to conclude,etc

(4) 强调really,indeed,certainly,surely,above a11,etc

(5) 对比in the same way,just as,on the other hand,etc

5)确定文章用第几人称写,基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。

时态要尽量保持一致。

4、检查修改:要检查复核,不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文,修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯,句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅,该用连词的地方用了没有,所用的连词是否合适,是否有语法错误,主谓是否一致,动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确,词组的搭配是否合乎习惯,是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等,还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为:中心突出,主题明确;层次清楚,条理清晰; 表达力强,传情达意;语句通顺,句型多变;过渡自然,衔接紧凑;标点正确,大小无误;字迹清楚,卷面整洁。

高中英语写作常用开头句型

1.As far as …is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that… 不言而喻,…

3.It can be said with certainty that… 可以肯定地说……

4.As the proverb says, 正如谚语所说的,

5.It has to be noticed that… 它必须注意到,…

6.Its generally recognized that… 它普遍认为…

7.Its likely that … 这可能是因为…

8.Its hardly that… 这是很难的……

9.Its hardly too much to say that… 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that…毫无疑问,无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that… 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that… 更重要的是…

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篇15:关于英语说明文的写作方法

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就“说明对象”而言,英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类,比如:对“LASER(激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year XX(计算机XX年问题)”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明,而“The Successful Interview(谈成功的面试)”、“How to Write Good English Composition(如何才能写好英语作文)” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说,在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者,即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中,阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重,其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述,英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主题,也就是说,文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容;第二部分是文章的主体,可由若干个段落组成,对文章的主题进行展开说明;第三部分是结尾段,对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出,要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中,常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种:

1.罗列法(listing)

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中,下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的:

Early Rising

Early rising (早起) is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit (健康)。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操)。

Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly, early rising enables (使能够) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落,我们可以注意模仿学习:

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally,

必须指出的是,有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first, second…等词,但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法(examples)

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的:

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation (娱乐)。 The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活) should adopt (采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation, but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience, and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk (轻松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor, chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出,举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用:即用罗列法来列出例子,用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法(comparison and contrast)

比较法是对两个对象进行比较,从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法,比如:

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。 For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在) Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (结束句) ——whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外), most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出,在比较相同点的时候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada)。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接触) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents (对手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出:however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法(definition)

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是:

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出,定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,比如:

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实,在英—英词典中,对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的:A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (专业)。

5.顺序法(sequence of time, space and process)

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的:

Coal

Coal underwent (经受) many changes before it became the bright, brittle (脆的), black substance which we now use. During ancient times (在上古时代), when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate, the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on, the ground changed and began to sink (下沉) a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit (沉淀) of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations (几世纪后), as the ground kept gradually sinking, another layer of sand and clay was again deposited (积聚) above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted (作用) and the peat (泥煤) was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine (煤矿)。 In China, coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法(classification)

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如:著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分类法:

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所需摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》(张培基等)

可见,如果能够根据具体情况,选用合适的写作手法,就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外,还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下,对于中学生来说,上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是:在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此,必须根据具体情况,选用合适的展开主题的写作手法,才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

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篇16:2024年高考英语作文结尾写作技巧

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一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…

2.Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that…

3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that…

4.All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…

5.From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…

6.To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that…

7.In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is…

8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that…

9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that…

10. It is believed that…

二、表达个人观点的句型

1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.

2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.

3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that…

4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.

5. In my opinion/view, we should…

6. As for me, I…

7. As I see , …

8. From my point of view, …

9. Personally/ I think…

10. My view is that…

11. I think/consider…

12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of…

三、表达建议的句型

1. It’s high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to…

2. It’s really high time we took measures to solve the problem of/put an end to…

3. There is still a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that efforts should be made to…

4. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of…

5. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be useful.

6. There is no quick answer to the question of…, but … might be helpful.

7. It is necessary that effective/proper/quick actions/steps/measures be taken to…

8. It’s suggested that great efforts be made to…

9.To check/control the tendency/trend is no easy task, and it requires a good/deep awareness/consciousness/understanding of…

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篇17:提高网络安全的高中英语作文篇

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How to improve network security

As time goes ongoing surfing on the Internet become more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ).

Network security cover anti- virus network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control redundant backup recovery and network security it makes an allround security system . Many companies devote to the information security technology and product research and development production and sales providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security .如何提高网络安全

随着时间的推移,上网冲浪变得越来越流行,这是一个新的现象,听起来是一个警钟(在线安全)。

网络安全覆盖防病毒、网络安全和黑客保护。结合访问控制技术、冗余备份恢复、网络安全,它使一个全面的安全系统。许多公司致力于信息安全技术和产品的研发、生产和销售,提供先进的网络安全解决方案。防火墙只是是网络安全的一种有效措施。

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篇18:2024年中考提高英语作文写作技巧

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2015中考将至,目前距2015 中考仅有几个月,因此现在是复习的关键时刻,在此YJBYS为了让考生们了解更多的中考试题,以为今年的中考取得更好的成绩。YJBYS的小编为考生们收集了2015年中考(精选)英语作文高分技巧分享,具体内容请各位考生及时查看如下,尽请关注!

一、了解高分作文的特点

要想作文获得高分,必须了解高分作文具有的特点,才有助于我们朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特点:

1、书写工整,书面整洁,很少有涂改痕迹。

2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一个自然段,让阅卷老师很容易就能找到作文所要求写的要点和重要句子。

3、要点齐全,不缺要点。

4、首尾呼应,自然成一体。

5、使用了大量的高级词汇和句型。阅卷老师一看就知道这个同学的功底非不一般,自然就给打高分了。

6、开头言简意赅,不啰嗦,不偏题,迅速引入主题。

7、段与段之间,自然过渡。有合适的连接词。

8、句与句之间,有恰当的连接词,使之自然成一体。

9、全文中同一个意思,基本没有重复使用某一个词、短语或者句型等,说明这个同学的词汇量不同寻常。老师自然就对该作文有好感了。

10、能够恰当使用谚语、格言等给文章添彩。

二、勤积累,巧准备

要想作文得高分,除了了解以上的特点外,还要在平时的学习中注意一下方面:

1、牢记课标词汇是基础

一篇作文多数是由积极词汇写出来的,这些词汇主要来源于课标。因此,牢记课标词汇是写好作文的基础。

2、掌握课标词汇和短语的用法

要想作文不扣分或者少扣分,有个要求是作文的语病少。怎么能够减少语病呢?这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中反复通过练习,掌握课标词汇和短语等的用法。例如,对于as soon as 、stop some body from doing something 、other 、another等的用法很多学生就经常出错。

3、高度重视同一个意思的多种表达方式

高分作文有个特点是:让老师发现你拥有丰富的词汇量,你的水平高人一筹。这由何而来?靠我们在平时学习过程中,逐步积累起来的。比如:今年的中考作文,谈的就是帮助他人的问题。同一个意思“帮助”,假如你就用一个动词“help”,岂不显得你词汇贫乏?假如你在作文中不断地变换方式,用help、give somebody a hand、 give a hand to somebody 、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”同一个意思,岂不更好呢?

像这样的例子很多,比如:大家都觉得很简单又很基础的“表示姓名的方式”就有:my name is jim. i’m jim. i’m called/named jim. i’m a boy called /named /with the name of jim. 等等。

表达年龄的方式有:she is 12. she is 12 years old. she is aged 12. she is a girl of 12(years old) 。 she is a girl aged 12.等等。

很显然,使用高级一点的更好。

4、加强练习,积累经验

学习语言最好的方法是运用,作文也不例外。我们要想作文得高分,必须经常练习,才能提高水平。

5、充分利用作文范文

很多资料书上都有作文范文。诚然,他们有很多值得借鉴的地方。

我们怎么利用它们呢?首先,我们先不要看文章,自己先思考一下:假如你来写,你会怎么去写,会用到哪些词或者句子等。然后去比较,勾出其中的好词佳句,并且把它摘录在专门的作文册子上。供写作时选用。

另外,背一些范文也是很有必要的。

6、背诵一些谚语和警句

作文中如果出现恰当的谚语和警句,会有锦上添花的效果。

三、精心审题,沉着写初稿

很多同学看到作文后,下笔就写。这是不对的。一则很容易写偏题、写出病句,涂改后书面又不整洁,影响得分。

其实,会写作文的同学都知道,审题非常的重要,可以防止很多毛病,提高得分。那么我们审题要做些什么呢?

审题主要要做一下事情:

1、审人称、时态、体裁等

审题时,要求我们要弄清楚这篇文章主要使用的人称是第几人称,什么时态、什么体裁。这些问题解决后至少不会犯很严重的错误:全文皆错。

2、明确必须表达的要点

高分作文有个特点是要点齐全。如果漏掉一个要点,则要扣分。因此我们必须认真细读其要求,把必须表达的要点勾出来。保证不漏掉任何一个要点。

3、罗列出可能会用到的短语、句型,确定好使用哪个?

4、确定好如何分段

就是要确定好,将哪些要点放在一个自然段里面,首段、尾段打算写哪些?

以上YJBYS的小编为考生们收集了2015年中考(精选)英语作文高分技巧分享试题

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篇19:小学生英语记叙文的写作方法

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一.概念

记叙文也称叙述文,是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有:故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类:以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动,而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。

二.六大要素

记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素,即时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂,所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要,安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。

记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织所要叙述的内容,使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构,即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点,然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。

三.时态

记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动或事件,因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动,也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、 现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。

四.人称

记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体,即 “人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓,可以增强文章的真实感,有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程;第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制,更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。

无论采用第一人称,还是采用第二人称,都要保持全文叙述主体的人称的一致性。注意:句式尽量要多变,不要通篇文章的句子都以人称代词开头,否则文章会显得单调沉闷。例如: I loved the book first because of its beautiful heroine. Then I found it a romantic love story which greatly moved me. I now find that it is better taken as the growth story of a naive girl into a strong-willed woman. I realize that it is the essence of the book that attracts such big number of faithful readers.

这一段描述在用词、内容、逻辑上都不错,但过多地使用了以“I”开头的句子,使文章略显单调乏昧,给读者的印象大打折扣。

五.措辞与表达

在全国大学英语四级考试的各种作文体裁中,记叙文需要应试者具有更全面的语言技能与篇章组织能力。四级考试中常见的议论文和说明文分别要求语言的准确性和论证的合理性、可信性;而记叙文的语言则以生动、真实、 贴切为准则。同一个记叙文题目,不同的人会描述不同的人物经历或事件,又很少有固定的表达或句式可供参考,这时作者的综合语言水平就会表现出来,对能否取得高分起到了相当重要的作用。 这就要求考生平时要多注意语言的磨练和积累。

六.记叙文写作技巧

1. 仔细审题,明确主题,选准素材,罗列提纲。

2. 写好第一段

最好能采用一个复句并且用上几个四级水平的单词或词组。这样的文章开篇方式会使读者或阅卷人确信接下来的文章也一样精彩。

我们来看这样一段文章的开头:

The results of the college entrance examination came. I tore open the envelope. As soon as I saw the score,tears streamed down my face. I fell into my bed and did not get up the whole day. All was over. What is the meaning to live on earth? For the first time, I thought of death, of being a vagrant and of being single all my life. I was only seventeen. Wasn’t it cruel to me? My father was hurt and he could not stand it that his son was a disgrace. He was angry beyond words. My mother kept silent,and often I saw her in tears. Horror filled the house.

怎么样,你自己是否也被一种失落与绝望的气氛所笼罩,并且期待着看到作者接下来会做些什么呢?

3. 结构要清晰

下笔之前一定要对整篇文章的结构有一个完整的构想,作文的框架、主题和脉络是最重要的采分点。要清楚每一段要陈述哪些内容,这样不仅可以增强文章的逻辑性和可接受性,还可以使整篇作文的行文水到渠成,不会有凑字数的烦恼。

4. 尽量多使用表示转折、顺接、因果和时间的连接词

如first、second、moreover、for one thing…for another、on the one hand…on the other hand等。这样既可以显示语言功底,又增强了记叙内容的连贯性和生动性。

5. 文章不要写得太长

有的考生遇到触动自己内心情感的记叙文题目时就“一发不可收拾”,但由于时间有限,结果草草收尾,甚至没有结尾。四级作文毕竟是应试作文, 只要充分发挥出自己的英语语言水平,表述出所规定的内容就可以了。

6. 要多用四级词汇,要使句式多样化

没有语言错误并不是高分作文的保障(基本没有语言错误只是8分的基本要求) ;作文想达到11分以上,四级词汇和句型必须达到一定的比例。如,表示“重视”的词汇有stress,emphasize等,但选用短语attach importance to更能吸引阅卷人的注意;disagree和frown on sth. 都表示反对或不赞成,前者就平淡,后者表达意思很生动,更能引起阅卷老师的注意。

简单句和复合句合理搭配,长短句交替使用,会增强文章的节奏感,使描写更生动,给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。如:

(1) 名词化手段:用名词或名词词组替换一个句子或句子的主要部分,然后使这个名词或名词短语成为另外一个句子的组成部分,以达到合并句子的目的。如:

We were very much surprised. Mary refused the invitation.

We were very much surprised at/by Mary’s refusal of the invitation.

(2) 定语化手段:根据语义关系,可以把其中一句转换成形容词或形容词性成分、分词短语、定语从句等,如:

The winnerwas in no mood for speeches. The winner was hot and tired.

Thewinner,hot and tired,was in no mood for speeches.(转换成形容词短语) 7. 字迹清楚,卷面整洁。尽量不涂抹。 8. 最后的2—3分钟,进行修改检查。

检查的内容不是“大处着眼”,而是“小处着手”;不是考虑作文的框架结构,而是留心细枝末节。

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篇20:提高写作水平有什么方法

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导语:提高写作水平有许多方法,只要找到适合你的方法,你也可以轻松写出高分作文!

作文十二法

高尔基曾说:“写文章,开头第一句是最难的,好像音乐里的定调一样,往往要费好长时间才能找到它。”一篇好文章,注定要有个好的开头。别开生面、新颖别致的开头,才有震撼力、吸引力,让人产生一种欲读之而后快之感。所谓“凤头”,亦是这个道理。然而,文章开篇的方法众多,我归纳如下几种常用的,供同学们参考。

一、开门见山落笔扣题

所谓“开门见山”,是一种比喻的说法,指的是直截了当地切入要旨。

如《白杨礼赞》一开头就触及题旨:“白杨树实在是不平凡的,我赞美白杨树!”这种写法干脆利落,入题快捷,不枝不蔓,所以受很多同学所青睐。

二、引用经典彰显底蕴

开头引用警句、名言、诗句或俗语、谚语等,能增强开端的气势,使人感到峥嵘、高远,达到吸引读者、突出中心的效果。

如下例几种常用的:

1.诗词开头

以诗句开头,气势磅礴,震撼人心。如:“莫等闲,白了少年头。”我的爸爸四十多了,白了头,可是依然很平凡……

2.俗语开头

俗语是孩子们所熟悉的,以此开头,倍感亲切,激发兴趣。如:中国有句俗语说:“三棒槌打不出一个屁来。”我的爸爸就是一个不爱说话的人……

这种开头法不仅使你所要表达的意思简明扼要,言简意丰,而且能集中地表达文章的主旨,起到画龙点睛的作用,使文章增色不少。如一学生写《自信》:着名科学家爱迪生说:“自信是成功的第一秘诀。”是的,拥有自信,不断努力,就能获得成功。

4.故事导入

引用一则典故或现实生活中的小故事来开头的方法,可以增加文章的趣味性,能引起读者的兴趣。如一学生写《宽容》时,这样开头:“一位理发师正在给周恩来总理刮脸,由于周总理咳嗽了一声,理发师不小心将他的脸刮破了,这时理发师紧张不已,以为周总理会大发雷霆。想不到,周总理却很抱歉地说:‘这不关你的事,要是在咳嗽之前给你打个招呼,你就不会刮破我的脸了。’这样一句暖人的安慰,我们可以从周总理身上看到可贵的品质——宽容。”

5、声音开头

对话、琴声、风声、雷声等等,都可以用来开头,信手拈来,渲染氛围。如:“请把我的歌,带回你的家,请把你的微笑留下……”每当耳边响起这熟悉的旋律,自己就像遇见了多年不见的老朋友一样,感觉格外亲切。

三、精辟修辞韵味悠长

用修辞手法开头,易抒写作者心灵的感悟,引发读者赏读的情趣。

1.比喻

开头设喻,以引起读者对要说明的事物或道理的兴趣。如《中国石拱桥》开头:“石拱桥的桥洞成弧形,就像虹。”

2.对比

用对比来开头的方法,可以加强文采,有力地突出主题。如:古今中外,凡是在事业上有所造就、取得成功的人,其成功没有不是用辛勤的汗水换来的;反之,那些懒惰昏庸的人,则无法成就事业,由此可见,勤则成事,惰则败业。

3.排比

用排比句开头,句式整齐,语势铿锵,促人赏读。如:假如我是小鸟,我会记住那出生时的巢穴;假如我是树苗,我无法忘记那滋养我的土地;假如我是江河,那雪域高原成为我记忆中的烙印……

4.设问

设问开头,铺排文气,先声夺人。如:为什么服装设计师总要千方百计地设计一套又一套的时装?为什么我们的祖国在前进的号角中总夹杂着这样一句话——提倡科技创新?为什么一座座拔地而起的高楼不沿用20世纪五六十年代建筑的风格?一切的一切,只因为时代在变化,人的思想也在变化。时装要迎合时代潮流,发展要与时俱进,生活赋予了我们创新的动力。

四、借物联想引发情趣

文章的开头或从远到近,或由此及彼,从别的事物写起,再联想到要写的事物上来,借以烘托要写的事物。

如一学生这样写《路》:日常行走的路有大路、小路之别,人生之路有正路、歧路之分。人,应该择路而行。

五、巧设悬念曲径通幽

开头设置一个悬而未决的问题,引起读者的关注,激发读者的兴趣,同时增加文章的曲折,显现布局之美。如一学生写《感受生活之美》:“我快要死了——我躺在病床上,四周黑漆漆的一片,十分寂静,偌大的房间里,只能听得见我微弱的呼吸声。”

六、名人作答启人深思

采用名人作答的方式展开文章,有利增强开端气势,给人高远之感。如一学生如此写《幸福》的开篇:有人问:幸福是什么?答案是丰富多彩的。尼采认为:“能把蜈蚣、碎玻璃、肉虫、石头一齐吞下肚,却毫不恶心,这种人是最幸福的。”而思多葛派却认为:“拥有无穷的财富和威力,而且能够处事不惊,那才是真正的幸福。”

七、场景描写渲染气氛

描写法即借助某种修辞或某种描写技法,通过对景物的描写,渲染气氛,烘托氛围,为下文人物或事情的开端做好衬托铺垫。

请看《考试》一文的开端:教室外,呼啸着的北风挟着密集的雨点扑打在墙上,“嚓、嚓”地响,教室内,一场全能竞赛考试进行到了白热化的阶段。

八、交代要素引人入胜

交代要素式也是写作文较为常见的一种开头形式,即交代记叙文的几要素:时间、地点、人物和事件。

如《捉鱼》一文的开头:“一个星期天的早晨,我和小辰拿着小盆,拎着小桶来到一条小溪边围坝捉鱼。”这样开头可以让读者清楚地了解到记叙文的几要素,为下文展开故事情节作准备。

九、介绍背景蓄势待发

以介绍情况、交代背景的方式开篇,可以让读者充分了解事情原委,有利于对整篇文章的正确、顺利解读。这种方法主要用于写一些事件或重要人物的文章。

如《火烧赤壁》一文的开头:“东汉末年,曹操率领大军南下,想夺取江南东吴的地方。东吴的周瑜调兵遣将,驻在赤壁,同曹操的兵隔江相对。曹操的兵在北岸,周瑜的兵在南岸。”这个开头,使读者看了以后,对两军相对峙的形势、所处的地理位置和即将发生的事一目了然。

十、概括内容凸显主旨

开头总领全文,下文则围绕着它进行“分述”,全文因此而比较有条理,而且可以让读者迅速了解文章梗概,一睹为快,为下文的阅读埋下情感基调。如作文《春花朵朵》一文的开头:

“五讲文明的春风,吹开了学校这万紫千红的百花园中的朵朵春花。让我们从这万紫千红的百花园中摘取几朵,领略一下那满园春色吧!”

十一、巧用倒叙暗渡陈仓即文章开头先写出事情的结果,再写出事情的原因和经过,以造成悬念,增强文章的吸引力。

请看一学生如何写《异乡情怀》:独立小院,月光如水,静静地流泻在我的身边,我感到了心沉水底的清凉,引起了对你的不尽的思念!曾记得也是这样一个月色溶溶的夜晚,我把你送上了开往异乡的列车……

十二、抒发感情先声夺人

即文章一开头就将作者的亲身感受和思想感情抒发出来,直抒胸臆,渲染气氛,达到以情感人。

如一学生在《诚信》开头写道:“如果人生是一趟奔驰的列车,那么诚信便是不可缺少的轮子;如果说人生是一条航行中的大船,那么诚信便是不可缺少的背囊,它将伴你永远前行。

常言道:“文无定法”。是的,作文的开头往往是由作文的内容、体裁、读者对象、构思技巧和作者的写作功底等综合因素所决定,并无固定的格式。衡量好坏的标准只有一个,那就是看它是不是文章的有机组成部分,能否为文章的内容和中心服务,能否吸引读者读下去。我们学生朋友要善于结合实际,灵活变通,巧妙派生,才能写出好的开篇。

写作十八决

1、充分发挥自己的优势。认识水平高、擅长理性思维的同学可选择议论文,擅长形象思维、会刻画人物的同学可选择微型小说,擅长抒情的同学可选择散文。

2、精写前几段,给评卷老师留下一个好印象。要精雕细刻,要出彩。比如,可开门见山,直奔主题;可制造悬念,引人入胜;可提出问题,引人注意;或巧用排比、比喻、拟人等修辞手法,或.巧述故事,引人入胜,或巧用题记,揭示主旨,或巧用诗文显诗意。写好结尾和过渡段。阅卷老师一般是S型的扫描全文。结尾可画龙点睛,发人深思;或总结全文,照应开头;或虚笔拓展,扩大容量;或精辟议论,深化主旨。

3、要给自己充足的构思时间,不要急于动笔,“宁停三分,不争一秒”。因为写作是“开弓没有回头箭”的,写到一半,突然发现,呀,把题目理解错了,或没领会好命题的要求。最可怕的是文章写到一半,又想另起炉灶。时间没了,心情也坏了。干着急。建议打草稿,防止“三边工程”(边立项,边设计,边施工)。考场作文不宜见异思迁,边写边改。要贯彻一种构思。一旦构思已定,就不要轻易改变。

4、要力避前松后紧、虎头蛇尾。有些同学构思、提纲拟好后,开头反复推敲,精雕细琢,后来发现时间不够,于是草草收兵。此外,要谨慎对待修改。修改一般只着眼于字词方面的,可用米尺比好之后划两横。结构方面不能修改。要保持卷面的整洁美观,要努力做到改动少而效果好。

5、如果偏题或者离题,作文的主要分数就失去了。为防止跑题,可从如下几点做出努力:一是将材料、引语和话题联系起来思考,不可单看话题;二是看自己确立的观点能否用话题所给材料来证明;三是想一想这则材料当初发在媒体上登载是要达到一个什么效果的。万一跑题了,要考虑逆挽,使文章形成一种欲扬先抑的结构形态。

6、一定要完篇。熟话说,好文章是凤头、猪肚、豹尾。没有豹尾,老鼠尾巴也要有一个,绝不能写半头文。用半篇文章给你评分,怎么会得高分?

7、要重视拟题,特别要注意不能缺题。不是万不得已,不要以话题做标题。张伟民讲那是一种浪费。拟题是显示你才气的一个好的平台,不能轻易放弃。缺题影响远不止2分。正好给了评卷老师扣分的理由。

8、文章要有一至两个亮点。如果是记叙文,应该用抓人的情节和生动的描写表现你的真情,记叙文不能没有描写。如果是议论文,就一定要有1--2个典型的论据,就应该有纵横捭阖,很深刻的见解。如果是微型小说一定要有巧妙的构思。这个亮点还可以是一句富有哲理的警句,也可以是一个精彩的比喻,也可以是一个超常的搭配(酽酽的歌喉)。总之,要能使评卷老师精神为之一震。

9、行文中要多次扣题,要一路扣题一路歌。材料、引语和话题中的相关文字至少在文中出现三次以上。开头三句话内应点题一次,结尾应回扣标题,“回眸一笑百媚生”。中间至少扣题一次。几次扣题事实上也是在不断地提醒自己不要跑题。有球场上叫暂停的效果,可以调整思路和写法。

10、思想要健康。“思想健康”不是说要你只说冠冕堂皇的话,不是要你刻意拔高,“健康”是针对“病态”、“庸俗”而言的,它的底线是不能欣赏违背法律法规和偏离社会道德的事。恋爱题材是考场作文的禁区,无论考生写得如何缠绵悱恻,真挚动人,因其行为是中学生日常行为规范所不允许的,这类作文自然得不了高分。

11、观点不可太绝对,要留有余地。“义正”未必要“辞严”,“理直”未必就要“气壮”。联系现实生活时,涉及社会**面时,要有分寸,不要一味指责。“质问京山大冤案”。批评家长、老师和社会要与人为善,抱着协商与治病救人的态度,要提建设性意见。不可尖刻、讽刺、挖苦,甚至恶意地进行人身攻击。

12、临场写作时可以根据题意和你的表达需要想像一个或一类读者就在你的面前。如以“沟通”为话题作文,写与家长的沟通,可想像父母就在身边;写“沟通”之艰难和必要,就好像误解过你的人正在听你倾诉;写国际间通过沟通走向合作,就设想自己参与了国与国的谈判。即使所写文章没有明确的阅读对象,你也可以想像此文是写给你的语文老师的。你要知道,你的文章的惟一读者是那位跟你的语文老师非常相似的人。写记叙文,且最好将主人公设定为自己。想想阅卷老师的喜好,说他们想听的话。尽可能赢得评卷老师的同情。

13、写法上可以求新,要考虑,怎样表现更智慧,更艺术,更有可读性;但更要求稳。我的意见是大家一定要在一种比较稳的情况下,确有把握时才可写小小说或者是写戏剧,或者是写别的,确有把握之后才写这种文体,如果没有把握的话,就选择比较稳妥的老的文体,老的写法。

14、不可按上年或前几年的中考作文思路行文。求新、求变是人们所追求的,中考作文也不例外。但若按上年或前几年的中考作文思路行文,甚至拿来套用,机械模仿,不懂灵活应变,就会吃力不讨好,这也是失分的点。因为阅卷者大都是相对固定的,对以前的中考作文非常熟悉。不主张写诗歌、文言文。

15、苦于材料缺乏则可以突出自己的爱好。你如果喜欢体育,那你就像体育记者一样,叙体育、议体育,只要切合题意就好。你如果喜欢听××的歌、看××的书、爱好上网……你就可以将自己这一方面的经历和感受与命题联系起来。那样就不愁内容贫乏、文思枯竭。不要瞎编乱造。靠编故事骗取老师的眼泪从而获得高分的时代已经一去不复返了。

16、要美化自己,而不是丑化自己。要显现自己的高境界、大抱负、多知识、同情心,要显现自己以天下为己任的豪情。不要出于反衬别人等考虑而故意丑化自己,如果让评卷老师以为你真就是那样,那就麻烦了,因为高考是选拔性考试。从某个角度讲,评卷老师评卷的过程就是一个选择淘汰对象的过程。

17、字数以600字左右为宜。不能给人凑字数的感觉,但也不能拖得太长,不允许加纸条。喜欢写长文的同学,开篇要注意不要放得太开,开口不要太大,能跳过去的就跳过去,要相信读者的理解能力。要注意节省篇幅,要防止高潮来了没地方写了。切忌三段文。要突出的句子(扣题的、表现主旨的、文眼、点睛之笔、抒情议论、议论文的分论点等)最好单独成段。

18、看到题目后,可先搜索一下自己以往所写的优秀作文,看有没有可以再利用的。须要注意的是一定要不牵强。

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