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4332024年初中英语作文写作技巧
全文共 1442 字
+ 加入清单小编导语:英语作文是英语考试中的一个得分点,那么在写作过程中有什么技巧呢,下面是小编收集整理的相关资料,希望对您有所帮助。
1、首尾呼应,画龙点睛在文章的结尾,把含义较深的话放在末尾,以点明主题,深化主题,起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” (我忘不了她)的结尾:
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
2、重复主题,句结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾:
I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
3、自然结尾随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾:
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
4、含蓄性的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法,而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾:
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
5、用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,并具有特别的强调作用,引起读者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我们要不要学做家务?) 的结尾。
Everyone should learn to do housework. Dont you agree, boys and girls?
6、指明方向,激励读者结尾表示对将来的展望,或期待读者投入行动。如“Lets Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾:As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Lets go in for sports.
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篇1:2024中考英语写作指导:作文为什么被扣分?
全文共 918 字
+ 加入清单中考英语作文对考生的要求有四点:1、内容要完整。 2、语句流畅。3、没有语法错误。4、书写规范。能达到上述要求的作文,都会得到相应的高分。
一:先看一下扣分点:
1.内容方面:要点缺失,可酌情扣分。比如中考作文“I want to do something for my school”,若没有写一件具体的事情,是要扣3分以上的;若写的事情太过于虚幻,没有实际内容,也会扣1-2分。
2.字数:少于60字的作文要酌情扣分。
中考英语作文要求60字以上,标点符号不算,少了就要扣分。但是60字的作文能不能得高分?从我们拿到的实例作文来看,16分以上的作文,没有少于75字的,甚至少于80字的也少之又少。当然,也极少有超过100字的,因为中考试卷的短线格一共80个,在格子下面大约还有2行的空间,可以加20字左右,再多阅卷人就很难看清了,也会影响卷面的美观。所以,同学们如果想让作文得到高分,最好是让字数在75-100字之间。
3. 语法和拼写错误:每个扣0.5,重复错误不计;
4. 标点错误:每4个扣0.5.
二:加分点
除了这些扣分点,还有一些得分点:比如说作文的组织结构分,就是根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。
只要文章中有1个亮点,基本就可以争取到1分(3分的文采分是很难全部拿到的)。而这1分的亮点,是可以提前准备的。例如,有一些“万金油”式的复杂句型,例如强调句型、only相关的倒装句等,只要同学们多操练几次,几乎是一定能用到作文当中,从而为自己争取到这1分。
其次就是卷面分
很多家和同学,尤其是部分书法并不是十分整洁的同学,都会关心是否真的有“卷面分”的存在。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项,但是这个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。
据阅卷老师的经验,在阅卷的时候并不是按这3个部分逐项打分的,而是在第一遍读完全文之后,心里已经形成了一个“印象分”,然后再细读第二、三遍,把印象分分配到各个打分部分。因此,这个“印象分”就非常重要,而同学们的书法,也正是在这个环节,影响到了自己的分数。所以初三的考生,如果书法不好,一定要注意。所谓的书法并不需要写的很漂亮,符合3个简单的标准即可:没有斜体、没有连笔、涂改较少。
篇2:基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练
全文共 916 字
+ 加入清单英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行,对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量,为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。下面是小编为大家带来的基础薄弱如何进行英语四级写作训练的知识,欢迎阅读。
英语四级写作备考可分为四大步骤:
一、 背诵:
首先认真研究历年四级写作真题,重点研究2001年6月—2005年12月的11次真题,分析近年来四级写作的出题规律和考试重点,从语言、结构、 内容三大层面,认真研读经典写作真题范文:语言方面学习范文中的精彩词汇、词组、句型;结构方面学习范文的框架结构、内在逻辑、关联词、同义替换和代词替换;内容方面学习范文的论点、论据和论证。同时背诵精彩写作范文,要求滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善,扎扎实实提高自己的写作实力。历年英语四级六级真题 >>
二、默写:
背诵熟练之后默写下来,仔细对照原文,会发现你默写的文章与原文有一些语法、拼写、标点的区别,这些区别就是你的写作弱点,学习关键在于针锋突破,不要全面出击。这些弱点正是你在考试中扣分的原因所在,把这些弱点意义克服,分数自然就会提高。
三、 中译英:
首先将写作真题范文译为中文,或参考范文的正确译文,然后进行中译英的工作,根据自己的理解把中文译为英文,最后对照英文原文,你会发现你的译文与原文存在较大的差别,这些差别正是你写作低分的症结所在。同样的一个中文句子,仔细对比一下你使用了哪些词汇、词组和句型,原文使用了哪些,这样你的写作水平才会逐渐提高。
四、 写作:
进行完上述工作之后,在考前必须进行写作的工作,只有动笔写作,才会发现自己的问题。可以写5—10篇真题或模拟题,模仿自己曾经背诵过的精彩词汇、词组、句型、框架和范文,写出一篇新的文章。最初不要求速度,但考前一定要进行模考,半小时写出一篇120-150词的文章。写完之后仔细修改其中的语言错误,将其改的更加精彩。
英语写作基础不太好的四级考生,必须按照上述步骤严格进行;基础较好的考生学习顺序正好相反,首先写作,直接写作英语四级真题;其次中译英,在研读原文之前,进行中译英的工作,译完对比,找出差距;然后背诵;最后默写。同时可以准备自己的写作框架,应用文和论说文分别形成固定的写法,积累精彩句型。
篇3:提高写作兴趣,培养写作情感
全文共 242 字
+ 加入清单心理学告诉我们,兴趣是获得知识、形成技能技巧、开发智力的动力。因此,任何形式的教学都必须严格遵循兴趣性原则。只有当学生对写作文产生了浓厚的兴趣时,快速作司文训练才会有成效。心理学同时告诉我们,兴趣与当前的需要有关,因此提高学生写作兴趣的办法虽然是多种多样的,但是其中重要的一条便是向学生进行快速写作目的教育,如果学生认识了快速作文的必要性,他就会对作文产生浓厚的兴习趣。另外,出作文题要紧跟形势,与时代同步,要切合学生的生活实际,命题要尽量新,能激发学生的写作兴趣,使学学生有话可写。
篇4:2024年SAT英语写作素材—山姆·沃顿
全文共 2580 字
+ 加入清单Sam Walton(1918-)
Contrary to popular belief, Sam Walton (the founder of Wal-Mart) was not from Arkansas. He was actually born in Kingfish, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his fathers store while attending school. This was his first retailing experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduating from the University of Missouri in 1940, he began his own career as a retail merchant when he opened the first of several franchises of the Ben Franklin five-and-dime franchises in Arkansas.
This would lead to bigger and better things and he soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name-brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America. Waltons management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today. After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his "profit sharing plan". The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profitability of the store. Sam Walton believed that "individuals dont win, teams do". Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales.
Walton believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the companys success, they would care about the company.
By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Marts unique decentralized distribution system, also Waltons idea, created the edge needed to further spur growth in the 1980s amidst growing complaints that the "superstore" was squelching smaller, traditional Mom and Pop stores. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest U.S. retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.
Walton died in 1992, being the worlds second richest man, behind Bill Gates. He passed his company down to his three sons, daughter and wife. Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated (located in Bentonville, Arkansas) is also in charge of "Sams Club". Wal-Mart stores now operate in Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, China and Puerto Rico. Sam Waltons visions were indeed successful.
篇5:关于英语作文的写作方法指导
全文共 4566 字
+ 加入清单导语:写作方法就是写作中进行表现时运用的方法,是作者为表情达意而采取的有效艺术手段。
学生写作时,如果语句平平,只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词,那么,这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行,就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样,让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望,呆板、单调,没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度,同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章,突出这篇文章的彩头,使文章增添文采,给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句:
1. 画龙点睛,一篇文章的开头很重要。
在通常情况下,英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”,即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式,比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头,这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如:
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山顶上有一座古庙。
(2) You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。
2. 避免重复使用同一词语
为了使表达更生动,更富表现力,同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思,尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字,就会立刻想起like,事实上,英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多,如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如:
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜欢看书,而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。
3. 合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句,不仅可以使文章精练、简洁,而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如:
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙,要是这样,我以后再来拜访。要是不忙,我现在可以见他吗?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好,我们就去;如果天气不好,我们就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的,但她没有。
4. 适当运用非谓语结构
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构,适当运用非谓语结构,会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如:
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址,我没法和她联系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生农民家庭,只上过两年学。
5. 结合使用长句与短句
在英语写作中,过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是,根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语,使文章显得错落有致,这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感,而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如:
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后,我们唱的唱歌,跳的跳舞,还有的讲笑话、下棋,大家玩得很开心。
6. 适当使用短语代替单词
(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已决定长大了当老师。
(2) He doesnt like music.
→ He doesnt care much for music.
他不大喜欢音乐。
(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.
→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。
7. 恰当套用某些固定表达
(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了,不能再往前走了。
(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.
→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
这电影很有趣,学生和老师都很喜欢。
(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的儿子已经长大,可以自己照顾自己了。
8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”
(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.
→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.
别担心,大胆试一试,你很快就会学会的。
(2) Thank you for playing with us.
→Thank you for sharing the time with us.
谢谢你陪我玩。
9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构
(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.
→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.
现在人人都知道这消息了,我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。
(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我们所能做的只是站在那儿,设法抓住违章者。
(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.
→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话,至少也不会比她老师的差。
10. 适当使用名言警句点缀
在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章,不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧,而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如:
(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”
[关于英语作文的写作方法指导
篇6:高考英语作文的专项训练:任务型写作训练水污染Waterpollution
全文共 2450 字
+ 加入清单读写任务(满分25分)
请阅读以下的短文,然后根据提供的任务说明和写作要求, 写一篇150字左右的英语短文。
(任务说明)
1.概括短文的内容要点(该部分的字数大约60-80);
2.清楚地陈述你自己的看法;
3.提供具有一定说服力的论据或实例来支持你的观点,可以参照文中的内容,但不能抄袭文中的句子;
4.文章体裁不限,但必须结构合理,内容连贯,有条理性。
(阅读材料)
Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use of people, animals and plant life. All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the production of things such as steel, petroleum, paper and rubber and so on. Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year 2003. If they are correct, we must find new ways of saving it or producing it. Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is being collected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water to satisfy the needs of their people.
参考范文
With the worldwide increase of population, more and more water is needed. Meanwhile,the water sources are getting polluted by human beings in one way or another. Some nations are taking measures to solve this problem. They even communicate with each other hoping to find better ways to save and produce water to meet the needs of their people.
随着世界范围内的人口增长,越来越需要更多的水。与此同时,水源被污染,人类以一种方式或另一种方式。一些国家正在采取措施来解决这个问题。他们甚至相互沟通希望能找到更好的方法来保存并生成水来满足人民的需要。
On a personal level, to solve the problem with fresh water, both the government and inpiduals should make every effort. For example, for the government, it is urgent to make detailed laws that require businesses and inpiduals to stop polluting the environment and to save water while it is not necessarily used. Besides, education should be offered to all the citizens to raise their awareness of the importance of protecting environment and saving water. As inpiduals, we need to take action to play our own part in our everyday life.
在个人层面上,用淡水来解决这个问题,政府和个人都应该尽一切努力。例如,对于政府来说,迫在眉睫的是做出详细的法律,要求企业和个人停止污染环境,节约用水,而不一定是使用它。除此之外,教育应该提供给所有的公民提高他们的意识保护环境和节约用水的重要性。作为个人,我们需要采取行动来扮演自己的角色在我们的日常生活。
篇7:2024考研英语作文:比较状语的写作指导
全文共 1766 字
+ 加入清单英语写作当中经常会用到“……很重要”这一句式,一般考生会用something be important/essential的词汇表达。不过学了比较状语从句以后,大家可以试着用一种更高级的表达方式,一定会让阅卷老师眼前一亮,作文高分就不在话下啦。
箴言仿写:Cultivation is to the mind what food is to the body.
——M·T·Cicero
上述句子可以概括为A is to B what C is to D.替换ABCD四个名词就可以用来表达“重要性”这一概念。
【例句】
★ 人生态度——乐观与悲观
A positive attitude is to life what the sun is to the earth.积极的态度对于生活,好比太阳对于地球一样。
★ 谈读书
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.阅读对于思想,好比运动对于身体一样。
★ 赡养父母——家庭
Family is to the people what life is to the individual.家庭对于人类,好比生活对于个人一样。
★ 投诉信
Cleanness is to the canteen what reputation is to the people.清洁对于食堂来说,好比名誉对于人一样。
★ 谈诚信
Honesty is to the people what life is to the creature.诚信对于人来说,好比生命对于人一样。
比较状语(倍数表达法):
A+ be+倍数+as many/much as+ B
A+ be+倍数+the amount+ B
A+ be+倍数+what it was+ B
【例句】
★ 从1999年到2009年,奢侈品的销售增长了3倍。
①The sale of luxuries doubled from the end of 1999 to 2009.
②The sale of luxuries increased three times/three-fold from the end of 1999 to 2009.
③A three-fold increase was seen in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1999 to 2009.
④There was a three-fold increase in the sale of luxuries from the end of 1999 to 2009.
【写作练习】
定语从句与状语从句的写作方法指南:合并简单句!
1.通过指代关系合并简单句为定语从句
【例句】
★ 故事发生于19世纪末期。那个时候,中国正遭受西方列强的蹂躏。
A: The story happened in the late 19th century.
B: At that time, China was suffering from the invasion of western powers.
→合并为定语从句:The story happened in the late 19th century when China was suffering from the invasion of western powers.
2.通过逻辑关系合并简单句为状语从句
【例句】
★ 这个问题很复杂。我们花了近两周的时间才把它搞定。
A: The problem was very complicated.
B: It took us nearly two weeks to solve it.
→合并为结果状语从句The problem was so complicated that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it.
长难句虽然是考研[微博]复习中让很多考生都头疼的一部分,但可以说是无处不在的,不仅仅是阅读理解和翻译题中,需要我们去读懂并理解,更重要的是在作文题中,准确精彩地写出几个长难句,往往会让你的作文增色不少,也是你作文制胜的重要砝码,所以考研英语要想拿高分,千万不能忽视长难句哦。
篇8:2024中考英语写作优美句子精选
全文共 2192 字
+ 加入清单1 人活着 总是要得罪一些人的 就要看那些人是否值得得罪
When alive ,we may probably offend some people.However, we must think about whether they are deserved offended。
2 命里有时终需有 命里无时莫强求
You will have it if it belongs to you,whereas you dont kveth for it if it doesnt appear in your life。
3 没有谁对不起谁,只有谁不懂得珍惜谁。
No one indebted for others,while many people dont know how to cherish others。
4 永远不是一种距离,而是一种决定。
Eternity is not a distance but a decision。
5 在回忆里继续梦幻不如在地狱里等待天堂
Dreaming in the memory is not as good as waiting for the paradise in the hell。
6 哪里有真爱存在,哪里就有奇迹
Where there is great love, there are always miracles。
7 爱情就像一只蝴蝶,它喜欢飞到哪里,就把欢乐带到哪里。
Love is like a butterfly. It goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes。
8 假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花,那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。
If I had a single flower for every time I think about you, I could walk forever in my garden。
9 有了你,我迷失了自我;失去你,我多么希望自己再度迷失。
Within you I lose myself, without you I find myself wanting to be lost again。
10 每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人
At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet。
11 看看我的眼睛,你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。
Look into my eyes you will see what you mean to me。
12 距离使两颗心靠得更近。
Distance makes the hearts grow fonder。
13 如果没有相等的爱,那就让我爱多一些吧。
If equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me。
14 爱是长在我们心里的藤蔓。
Love is a vine that grows into our hearts。
15 因为你,我懂得了爱。
If I know what love is, it is because of you。
16 爱情是生活最好的提神剂。
Love is the greatest refreshment in life。
17 有了你,黑暗不再是黑暗。
The darkness is no darkness with thee。
18 如果没有人爱我们,我们也就不会再爱自己了。
We cease loving ourselves if no one loves us。
18 治疗爱的创伤唯有加倍地去爱。
There is no remedy for love but to love more。
20 如果爱不疯狂就不是爱了。
When love is not madness, it is not love。
21 有爱的心永远年轻。
A heart that loves is always young。
22 爱情就像月亮,不增则减。
Love is like the moon, when it does not increase, it decreases。
23 灵魂不能没有爱而存在。
The soul cannot live without love。
24 生命虽短,爱却绵长。
Brief is life, but love is long。
25 爱比大衣更能驱走寒冷。
Love keeps the cold out better than a cloak。
26 没有了爱,地球便成了坟墓。
Take away love, and our earth is a tomb。
27 我的爱与你同在。
My heart is with you。
28 尽管还不曾离开,我已对你朝思暮想!
I miss you so much already and I havent even left yet!
29 我会想你,在漫漫长路的每一步。
Ill think of you every step of the way。
30 无论你身在何处,无论你为何忙碌,我都会在此守候
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you。
篇9:英语写作素材:励志英语句子
全文共 3255 字
+ 加入清单常用的励志英语句子有很多,但是你能在短时间内就想起来吗?下面是语文迷为大家整理的英语励志句子,希望对你写英语作文有帮助。
Children in backseats cause accidents. Accidents in backseats cause children. 后排座位上的小孩会生出意外,后排座位上的意外会生出小孩。
Don’t take guilt trips. Take a trip to the mall, to the next country, to a foreign country, but NOT to where the guilt is.别踏上犯罪的道路。你可以去逛街,可以到邻县去,可以出国旅行,但就是别踏上犯罪的道路。
Enjoy the simple things.享受简单事物的乐趣。
I will greet this day with love in my heart.我要用全身心的爱来迎接今天。
Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, crafts, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. "An idle mind is the devil’s workshop. And the devil’s name is Alzheimer’s."学无止境。多学学电脑、手艺、园艺等等。不要让你的大脑闲置下来。无所事事是魔鬼的加工厂。魔鬼的名字叫“痴呆症”。
Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches pull you down.结交快乐的朋友。整日愁眉不展只能让你雪上加霜。
There will be no regret and sorrow if you fight with all your strength.
只要全力地拼搏,就不会有遗憾,没有后悔。
Time is a bird for ever on the wing.
时间是一只永远在飞翔的鸟。
Time will never change and stop for any person.
时间不给任何人情面,也不会为谁而停留。
Today, give a stranger one of your smiles. It might be the only sunshine he sees all day.
今天,给一个陌生人送上你的微笑吧。很可能,这是他一天中见到的唯一的阳光。
Victory wont come to me unless I go to it.
胜利是不会向我们走来的,我必须自己走向胜利。
Walk the road you want to walk and do what you want to do , keep moving ahead and that’s not the silence of failure.
走自己想走的路,干自己想干的事,勇敢向前,这就是你不败的沉默。
We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them head on, that’s when we find out just how strong we really are.
我们都有绝望的时候,只有在勇敢面对时,我们才知道我们有多坚强。
We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.
我们必须接受失望,因为它是有限的,但千万不可失去希望,因为它是无穷的。
The future is scary but you can’t just run to the past cause it’s familiar.
未来会让人心生畏惧,但是我们却不能因为习惯了过去,就逃回过去。
The first step is as good as half over.
第一步是最关键的一步。
The failures and reverses which await men - and one after another sadden the brow of youth - add a dignity to the prospect of human life, which no Arcadian success would do.
尽管失败和挫折等待着人们,一次次地夺走青春的容颜,但却给人生的前景增添了一份尊严,这是任何顺利的成功都不能做到的。
Success is the continuous journey towards the achievement of predetermined worth while goals .To live your life in your own way .To reach the goals , you’ve set for yourself . To be the person, you want to be ——that is success .
成功是不断向领先确定的有价值的目标前进的过程,用自己的方式生活,达到自己定下的目标,做出自己想做的人——这就是成功。
Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.
成功是,你即使跨过一个又一个失敗,但也沒有失去热情。
Ones real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself.
一个人的真正价值首先决定于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来。
People neeed some courage in life, just like climbing a cliff .Although there are stemp ahead, you still fell some timorous and dare not go ahead. But when you conquer the timidity and reach the peak, you will feel the importance of courage as you enjoy the beautiful scenes. It is the same with life.
人生需要一点勇气和胆量,就如登一座悬崖峭壁的山峰,虽然上面都有云梯、搭好的台阶,可你就是有点胆怯,不敢向前,但你战胜了自我,到达了顶峰,看到了山顶的景色,你就会感到勇气和胆量是成功的标准人生何尝不是如此呢?
Real dream is the other shore of reality.
真正的梦就是现实的彼岸。
Sharp tools make good work.
工欲善其事,必先利其器。
Sometimes your plans don’t work out because God has better ones.
有时候,你的计划不奏效,是因为上天有更好的安排。
Standing firm is to challenge difficult courageously and to leave the smile after sccess to oneself.
坚强,就是勇敢的向困难挑战,把成功的微笑留给自己。
Never underestimate your power to change yourself!
永远不要低估你改变自我的能力!
Never, never, never, never give up.
永远不要、不要、不要、不要放弃。
篇10:关于英语说明文的写作方法
全文共 8391 字
+ 加入清单就“说明对象”而言,英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类,比如:对“LASER(激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year XX(计算机XX年问题)”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明,而“The Successful Interview(谈成功的面试)”、“How to Write Good English Composition(如何才能写好英语作文)” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说,在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者,即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中,阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重,其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述,英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主题,也就是说,文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容;第二部分是文章的主体,可由若干个段落组成,对文章的主题进行展开说明;第三部分是结尾段,对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出,要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中,常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种:
1.罗列法(listing)
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中,下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的:
Early Rising
Early rising (早起) is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit (健康)。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操)。
Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.
Thirdly, early rising enables (使能够) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.
Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落,我们可以注意模仿学习:
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally,
必须指出的是,有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first, second…等词,但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法(examples)
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的:
Recreation
It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation (娱乐)。 The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“
There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活) should adopt (采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.
Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation, but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience, and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk (轻松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor, chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.
可以看出,举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用:即用罗列法来列出例子,用例子充实罗列的说明。
3.比较法(comparison and contrast)
比较法是对两个对象进行比较,从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法,比如:
From Paragraph to Essay
Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。 For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在) Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (结束句) ——whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外), most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.
可以看出,在比较相同点的时候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等这样的词语。
European Football and American Football
Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada)。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接触) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents (对手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.
这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出:however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法(definition)
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是:
被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语
可以看出,定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,比如:
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.
其实,在英—英词典中,对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的:A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (专业)。
5.顺序法(sequence of time, space and process)
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的:
Coal
Coal underwent (经受) many changes before it became the bright, brittle (脆的), black substance which we now use. During ancient times (在上古时代), when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate, the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on, the ground changed and began to sink (下沉) a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit (沉淀) of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.
Generations after generations (几世纪后), as the ground kept gradually sinking, another layer of sand and clay was again deposited (积聚) above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted (作用) and the peat (泥煤) was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.
Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine (煤矿)。 In China, coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.
6.分类法(classification)
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如:著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分类法:
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…
参考译文:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所需摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者……
——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》(张培基等)
可见,如果能够根据具体情况,选用合适的写作手法,就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。
除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外,还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下,对于中学生来说,上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是:在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此,必须根据具体情况,选用合适的展开主题的写作手法,才能写出优秀的英语说明文。
篇11:关于初三英语写作技巧汇总
全文共 1728 字
+ 加入清单一、认真审题,切中题意
《中考考试说明》指出,书面表达要切中题意。看到考题后,先不要急于动笔,要仔细看清题目要求的内容,在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面,确定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下笔,看懂题意,审清格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。
二、围绕中心,拟定提纲
书面表达评分原则有四条:(1)内容要点;
(2)运用词汇和结构的数量;
(3)运用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(4)上下文的连贯性。
由此可见,要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点,同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力,把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。注意短文字数不要低于或超过规定的字数太多。
三、语言通顺,表达准确
(1)避免使用汉语式英语,尽量使用
自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用,以避免重复和呆板。
(2)多用简单句型,记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当地使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。
(3)注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。(4)描写人物时,要生动具体,例如:①外表特征:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,weak,ordinary-looking等;②内心境界:
glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等;③感情描写:love,like,hate,feel,laugh,cry,smile,shout等;④动作描写:come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。
(5)上下文要连贯。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则,同学们应注意下面过渡的用法:①表示并列关系的过渡词:and,aswellas,or等;②表示转折关系的过渡词:but,yet,however等;③表示时间关系的过渡词:first,andthen,
finally,after,before,atlast,atthattime,later,inthepast,immediately,inthe
meanwhile等;④表示空间关系的过渡词:near(to),far(from),inthefrontof,beside等;⑤表示比较关系的过渡词:inthesameway,justlike,justas等;⑥表示对照关系的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand等;⑦表示递进关系的过渡词:also,and,then,too,inaddition,moreover,again等;⑧表示因果关系的过渡词:because,since,then,thus,otherwise,so,therefore,asaresult等;⑨表示解释说明的过渡词:forexample,infact,inthiscase,for,actually等。
四、不会表达,另辟蹊径
中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定,不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好,造复合句容易出错,容易被扣分,阅卷场上有句话:“错误面前人人平等,文采好不加分。”如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达,可采用变通的办法,化难为易,化繁为简。总之,所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。
五、锦上添花,量力而行
如果你还有时间和精力,想把书面表达写得更好,那么,请注意以下几点:(1)句型多样化,不要i(we)……到底,使人觉得乏味;(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句;(3)进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句;(4)适当使用分词或分词短语,烘托谓语动词;(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句,增加新鲜感;(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置,使句子不雷同;(7)上下句子紧接时,其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以节省篇幅。
六、书写工整,卷面整洁
字迹要清晰,让阅卷人看得清楚,不可字迹潦草,难以辨认,要保持卷面的整洁。
七、检查错误
检查错误应从以下几个方面入手:(1)格式是否有错;(2)拼写有无错误;(3)语言是否用错;(4)时态、语态错误;(5)标点错误;(6)人称是否用错。
总之,只要平时同学们多练习写作并有意运用上述方法和技巧,合理分配时间,在中考时一定能写出高质量的作文,得到令人满意的考分。
篇12:提高记叙文写作水平的小窍门
全文共 1016 字
+ 加入清单怎么写好记叙文?以下是小编给大家整理的提高记叙文写作水平的小窍门,欢迎大家查看。
特点:有一个比较完整的“小故事”,故事中有一两个比较鲜活的人物形象,集中笔墨推出一两个有内在联系的生活画面。
窍门1、对于故事中的人物,一定要注重细节刻画,特别是细微的动作刻画。
《米粒·谷粒·血汗》
无助的他用筷子无助地在碗里捣腾着,突然那雪白的米饭进出了一点黄色,那是一粒谷,和父亲那古铜的脸有着一样的颜色。他的心颤抖起来,小时候给父亲送饭的一幕又浮现在眼前。
那是一个炎夏的夏的正午,父亲坐在田垄上吃着他送的饭,也是吃到浅底的时候,几粒黄色的谷露了出来。“扔掉吧,阿爸。”“胡扯!”父亲像豹子一样吼了一声,他一辈子也没见父亲如此愤怒过,接下来的情形更让他终生难忘:父亲将筷子插在田垅上,用那满是泥巴的手将谷粒一粒一粒地拈起来放进嘴里,锁着眉头,然后是艰难的一咽……“孩子,那是咱农家的血汗呀!”父亲对满腹委屈的他说。
窍门2、灵活运用人物细节描写和环境细节描写的各种方法。
例一:他拿着书本走进教室。(叙述)
一位慈眉善目的银发老者左手拿着书,右手拄着拐杖,步履蹒跚地走进教室。
神态描写 肖像描写 动作描写
叙述:概括 客观,感情色彩不强
描写:具体 感情色彩非常鲜明
例二、试卷发下来了,班里的同学情态各异。(叙述)
试卷发下来了,整个班级顿时像个炸开的锅。有的人洋洋自得,翘起二郎腿,腿不停地上下摆动,有一种飘飘然的感觉;有的人把头埋在桌子上,不用问就知:一定没考好;有的则拿着得分不高不低的卷子叽叽喳喳地议论着;有的则拿起笔开始订正自己的试卷;我的同桌——他一手拍着试卷,一手拍着大腿,不住地嚷嚷着:“天啊!我不想活了!怎么连这么简单的题都做错了,我干脆拿块豆腐撞死好了……”
点面结合 动作描写 语言描写
例三、他拿着书来到阅览室,很努力地挤到座位上。(叙述)
刚走到阅览室的门口,一股热气就迎面扑来。踏进阅览室一瞧,嗬,人真多啊!他们坐的坐,站的站,仿佛老僧入定般沉浸在书本的世界里;还有挤来挤去找位子的,觅书报的……然而周围却静得出奇,只有日光灯发出‘兹——’的声响和轻微翻书的声音。他不禁屏息静气,抱紧书本,踮起脚跟,小心翼翼地插进去,东扭西挪地避开人群,好不容易才发现了一个空位。他就立刻闪过去坐下。
动静结合 渲染 白描 动作描写(细微的细节刻画)
小结
人物细节描写:神态描写、动作描写、心理描写、语言描写、外貌描写
环境细节描写:白描 渲染 点面结合 动静结合
篇13:提高写作能力的方法
全文共 2413 字
+ 加入清单作文在语文考试中占据着大部分的分数,写好作文是语文考试的关键,以下是小编整理的提高写作能力的方法,欢迎参考阅读!
阅读优秀的作品
这是显而易见的,但立竿见影的方法。如果你不读更多的好作品,你就不知道如何写出更好的作品。优秀的作家都是从阅读别人的佳作开始,接着开始模仿,最后超越他们,形成自己的风格。尽可能的多读名著,在看内容的时候,更要留意文章的问题和写作的技巧。
尽可能多的写
每天都写,如果可能话,每天写几次。你写得多了,也就写得好了。学习如何写作和其他的学问道理是一样的,熟能生巧。写写你自己,写写博客,向出版社投稿。只是写,全情投入的写,练得越多,你的写作水平就提升得越快。
随时随地记下你的灵感:随身带一本小笔记本(纳博科夫身上装满了小卡片),当你对你构思的小说,文章,或是小说里的人物有什么灵感的时候,马上记下来。当你听别人谈话时的只言片语而所有顿悟时,或看到一段散文诗或是一句歌词让你很感动时,都可以马上当他们记下来。灵感总是转瞬即逝,你及时的记录下来,便可以成为你写作的素材。我的习惯是,为我的博客要写的文章列一个清单,不断的补充它。
专门的写作时间
每天找一个没有任何打扰的时间段作为专门的写作时间,让这成为习惯。对我而言,清晨的时间是最佳的,午饭,傍晚,或者深夜的那段时间也可以。无论你是做什么工作的,把写作当作每天必须完成的任务去做。每天至少写半个小时,当然有一个小时更好。若你同我一样,是一个全职的作家,那么你需要写更多的小时,请你不要担心,这只会让你写得更好。
随便涂鸦
面对整张的白纸,整版的白屏,无从开始,肯定恐怖。你会想:我还是看看邮件或是小憩一会了吧!先生,千万别这样。马上开始写,马上打字,你写什么没有关系,只是让我听到你敲键盘的声音吧。只要你开始写了,什么都好办了。像我的话,我喜欢先敲上我的名字和文章的标题,这应该不难吧,然后再慢慢的展开情节,全身心地融入进去…关键是:开始可以随便写写,随便涂鸦,但是尽快开始写正文。
集中精神
写作是一件一心一意的事情,在嘈杂的环境或是同时干着别的事情,是不可能写好的。写作需要一个安静的环境,需要一点点柔和的背景音乐。即使是最低要求,你也需要在全屏(没有其他软件得干扰)的条件下,使用WriteRoom, DarkRoom,Writer这些写作软件,不受打扰的写作。关掉邮箱,关点MSN和Gtalk,关掉电话和手机,关掉电视,清理掉书桌上无用的东西。清除与写作无关的一切杂念,现在就是写作的时间,好像把自己放进一个盒子里,在没有任何打扰下进入写作状态。
先计划,再写:
这好像和“随便涂鸦”有些矛盾,实际上不是这样。在坐下来正式写之前,先做个计划或是脑子里先预演一下,这是非常管用的办法。每天跑步的时候想想要写的东西,或是散步的时间来个头脑风暴;然后把想到的记下来,做一个扼要的提纲;等真正准备好开始写了,可以很快的展开,因为思路和想法都有了。这里,有一个构思小说的三部曲,可以参考这个:Snowflake Method.
创新
你需要模仿名家,这并不意味你要跟他们写得一模一样。你可以试试新的写法,从这里学一点,从那里学一点。渐渐地,你就会有了自己的风格,自己的文体,自己的思路。试试一些不一样的表达,或创造一些与众不同的表达方式,每一方法你都可以尝试,看看它到底怎么样,不好就不用呗。
修改
你开始构思你的文字,然后试着写,让故事情节展开,最后你需要回过头再看看你都写了什么。这点很重要,很多写手一旦写好就不想修改,已经费时费力地写好了,还要再花时间修改,实在是一件吃力不讨好的活。但如果你想写得更好,你就要学会如何修改。好的作品是经过反复的推敲和修改而成的,这会让你的作品从平庸中脱颖而出。看看你写的东东,不仅仅是那些拼写和语法错误,还有那些无意义的词,混乱的结构,和让人搞不懂的句子。修改的目标是:更清晰,更直接,更鲜活。
简明扼要
这是你在修改的过程中,最重要的一件事情。一句句,一段段的修改,把无关主题的统统都删掉。一个短句比一段冗长的废话更具说服力,大白话比晦涩的专业术语更受欢迎。记得:简单就是力量。
富于感染力的句子
在短句中使用富有感染力的动词,当然,并没有要求每一句都是这样,你需要变化。但是,多试试能够吸引人的句子。而且,你没有必要等到你要修改的时候再用,你刚开始写的时候就要考虑这个问题。
获取别人的反馈
闭门造车不会有任何进步,让别人读读你的文章给你回馈,最好有经验的作家和编辑。他们见多识广,会给你很中肯和有见地的建议。认真的听,即使是一些批评,也接受它,忠言逆耳,这样只会让你写得更好。
是骡子还是马,拉出来溜溜
就你而言,你需要让别人读到你的作品。你的作品不是你想谁看谁就看的,让所有的人都读到你的文章。你就要出版自己的书,发表自己的短篇小说和诗歌,给出版社供稿。如果你已经开始写博客了,恭喜你,这是一个好的开始。若现在还没有人浏览过,你就需要把它放到流量更大的博客服务网站上去,让读者给你留言,给你提出建议。所有的人都会看你写东西,也许刚开始时会是件伤脑筋的事情,但这是每一位作家成长的必由之路,马上发表你的文字吧。
采用对话式的文体
很多人的写作都很正式,但是我发现像我们说话一样写作会使文章更流畅(没有叹生词)。这样一来,读者看起来会更舒服。刚开始这么写并不容易,你需要坚持这么做。也许,会带来另一个问题,为了读起来更口语化,你需要打破一些语法规则(就像我的前一句那样)。因为如果生搬硬套语法,会让你的文章看起来很不自然。若没有其他原因,就不要破坏语法规则。你需要知道你在做什么和为什么这样做。
好开头和结尾
开头和结尾是文章的重点。特别是开头。如果你不能在故事的开始就吸引读者,那他们就很难有耐心把整篇文章读完。所以投入更多的时间去考虑怎么写好开头,读者一旦对你开头感兴趣,他们会想知道得更多...写好开头后,再弄一个精彩的结尾,这会让读者更加期待你的下一篇佳作。
篇14:关于英语论文的写作格式和规范
全文共 5936 字
+ 加入清单规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。下面是小编为你带来的关于英语论文的写作格式和规范,希望对你有帮助。
一、英语论文的标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。
就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。
二、英语论文提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、英语论文正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
四、英语论文的文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。
1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:
The divorce of Arnolds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).
这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。
2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:
Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”
is an admirable and characteristic
diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it
Whitman is unable to conceive the
extreme crises of society, one is certain
that no society would be tolerable whoses
citizens could not find refreshment in its
buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)
这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。
3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:
Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).
值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。
4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:
Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).
5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:
Professor Chen Jias A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).
圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。
6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:
Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).
Farrington points out that Aristotles father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle15).
这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。
7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。
When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21).
这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。
五、英语论文的文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:
1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。
4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。
Two or More Books by the Same Author
Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A
Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.
---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,
Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.
引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。
An Author with an Editor
Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.
Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.
本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:
Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:
Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribners,
1962.vii-xxxix.
如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):
Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.
London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.
A Multivolume Work
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.
Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.
Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.
Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.
第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。
A Selection from an Anthology
Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.”
Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New
York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.
被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。
Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers
Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.”
Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.
报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3.3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。
Arnold, Marilgn.“Willa Cathers Nostalgia: A Study in
Ambivalance.”Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.
月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。
Gorney, Cynthia.“When the Gorilla Speaks.”Washington Post
31 July,1985:B1.
引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献(略)(摘自《外语与外语教学》1999年第8期,原文:“英语论文写作规范”作者 刘新民)
篇15:高考英语写作的训练方法
全文共 1644 字
+ 加入清单主语+谓语+介词+宾语
We all agreed on the terms.
He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.
All these things are to be answered for.
主语+系动词+形容词
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.
Your explanation sounds reasonable.
主语+谓语+直接宾语
I want your promise.
Have your fixed my watch?
This factory produces 1000 cars a week.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He paid me a visit yesterday.
He owed me 50 yuan.
He wrote his family a letter yesterday.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (to do)
I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.
I didn’t mean to hurt you.
He invited me to teach at a well-known university.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (do)
I often hear her sing the song.
The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.
Don’t forget to have him come.
主语+谓语+现在分词
I heard her singing in the next room.
We could feel our heats beating fast.
Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?
主语+谓语+过去分词
I must have my watch repaired.
We must get he task finished on time.
Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.
主语+谓语+宾语(动名词)
I suggested putting off the meeting.
They all avoided mentioning the matter.
We can’t help laughing at the news.
主语+谓语+宾语(不定式)
I can’t afford to buy such a large house.
Don’t pretend to know what you don’t.
He feared to speak in her presence.
主语+谓语+宾语(名词/代词)+介词+宾语
Nothing can prevent us from going forward.
Thank you for your help.
He demanded an answer from me.
练习写好句子的方法一:合并句子
It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers.
Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden.
A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide.
A pretty girl was crossing a wide road.
篇16:2024考研英语作文写作方法汇总
全文共 2124 字
+ 加入清单1、individuals, characters, folks代替people ,persons。
2、positive, favorable, rosy(美好的),promising (有希望的),perfect, pleasurable ,excellent, outstanding代替good。
3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替bad, 如果bad做表语,可以有be less impressive代替。
举例: An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4、(an army of; an ocean of; a sea of; a multitude of; many, if not most)代替many。
注:用many, if not most一定要小心,many后一定要有词。
举例:Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,代替most。
5、a slice of, quite a few ,several代替some。
6、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think。
因为是书面语,所以要加that。
7、affair ,business ,matter代替thing 。
8、shared代common。
9、reap huge fruits代替get much benefit。
10、for my part, from my own perspective代替in my opinion。
11、Increasing(ly),growing代替more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly)
举例:Sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12、little if anything,或little or nothing代替hardly
13、beneficial rewarding代替helpful be beneficial of
14、shopper, client, consumer, purchaser,代替customer
15、exceedingly, extremely代替very
16、hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable ...代替necessary, inevitable。
17、sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb代替sb take interest in
18、capture ones attention代替attract ones attention
19、facet, dimension, sphere代aspect
20、be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代indicate, suggest ,fear
21、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger代替cause
22、There are several reasons behind sth代替..reasons for sth
23、desire代替want。
24、pour attention into代替pay attention to。
25、bear in mind that代替remember。
26、enjoy, possess代替have。(注意process是过程的意思。)
27、interaction代替communication。
28、frown on sth代替be against ,disagree with sth。
29、to name only a few as an example代替for example。
30、next to/virtually impossible,代替nearly impossible。
篇17:2024小升初英语分类作文写作技巧
全文共 222 字
+ 加入清单一、写提示议论文应考虑的几点
1、文章开头,能依据提示确立主题句(topic)阐明观点或看法。
2、会使用连接词分层次说明理由、缘由(supportingsentences)。
3、归纳总结,首尾呼应。
二、看图作文应考虑的几点
1、看懂图片,把图片展示的人物、地点、时间、事件等有机地串联起来,使之成为内容连贯的句子。
2、确定短文须用的时态和该用的人称。
3、确定体裁(说明文还是记叙文),接着用简洁的语句描述图片或图表大意。
4、根据图片或图表大意议论。
篇18:英语写作得分亮点在哪?
全文共 2211 字
+ 加入清单1. 改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。试比较:
(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.
(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.
(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
2. 在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。例如:
(1)强调句
(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.
(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.
(2)主从复合句
(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.
(3)分词短语、由with或without引导的短语
(原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.
(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.
(4)倒装句
(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.
(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.
(5)省略句
(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.
(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.
3. 通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。例如:
(原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
(修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.
(原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.
(修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.
4. 注意连接词与句子的运用。
以2001年高考作文为例,在信的开头,可加上“You want to know something about what is going on in schools in China?”这句话起承上启下的作用,使文章过渡自然;再如,用“What was worse?”引出减负前,晚上还要做作业,就寝时间11:30等要点。又如,“Now I have more free time...” 可引出减负后的情况。另外,在信的结尾,可用“How about you? I’m looking forward to hearing from you.”来自然地结束这封信。
5. 使用过渡词语。
写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有:
并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, etc.
转折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.
因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc.
对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.
总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, etc.
总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。
篇19:英语写作能力的提高方法指导
全文共 484 字
+ 加入清单目前,考生在进行大量阅读的同时,应注重所读材料的文章结构以及连接词的运用(ontheotherhand,however,furthermore)、作者的表达方式(词汇、习惯用语和典型句子的使用)、作者是如何进行叙述和议论的。
2、在教师的指导下,平时应勤写多练
练习写作应从基本功抓起。在中译英翻译训练过程中,加强积累适量的词汇、词组和增加各种类型句子的运用。把握好各种句型和词汇的搭配,并从各类题材和体裁着手,多阅读好的范文。然后模仿写作,作文写好之后,一般都要修改。
第一遍收笔后,先看一看结构,然后从字词上推敲,使文章“充实”起来。更重要的是经老师修改过的作文一定要仔细地看一至两遍,然后再认真地抄写一遍,收获将会很大。
3、英文写作“四步走”
由于时间限制,考试时必须在所限定的时间内完成英语作文。英语作文步骤如下:
(1)作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上、运用材料上、篇章结构上,充分酝酿。
(2)考虑好想写多少句子,该用哪些动词和词组等。
(3)边写边思考内容的连贯性,语言和句子的准确性。
(4)写完后一定要再细看一遍。
篇20:如何提高写作能力
全文共 3636 字
+ 加入清单如何做才能够让自己提高写作水平,提高文笔和写作能力,怎样才能提升自己对生活和人生的理解和感悟?
我个人认为首先是:
1、多看:书报是基础,建议多看点诗词歌赋方面的;看社会百态方面的;看时事、政治、经济方面的;看文学小说,只要大量地看书,并摘录写得好的词句在一个本子里;然后是抄书,抄那些唐诗宋词赏析,抄报告文学,抄短篇小说,慢慢抄,慢慢品。最重要的就是品味字里行间的韵味,能看到把书里的东西变成自己的东西;多记:心记,笔记,摘抄。 多问:了解来龙去脉,全过程。
2、多记:心记,笔记,摘抄。 多问:了解来龙去脉,全过程。
3、多写:有材料写,没有材料强迫自己去收集素材也写,一开始不管写的好不好,能写出来就是胜利。多模仿:天下文章一半抄。认为好的手法,不妨穿插于写作当中,习惯成自然。
4、多征:征求别人的意见,不断修改完善,一篇东西不修改个十来遍不放手。走出去,感受自然,感受生活,很重要。如能这样做,就能慢慢提高自己的动笔能力,经过不断的努力,就可以提高文笔了,真正达到行云流水、下笔如有神的境界。
看书是很重要的一个环节,因为书里的故事可以丰富你的想象力,书里的词句可以扩大词汇量,甚至它的写作风格、写作手法等等,都会对你产生影响。请记住,我们在接受知识时都是潜移默化的。看书时千万不要抱有“我是为了提高写作水平”这样的心态,否则会产生不好的效果。一切都在循序渐进、渐渐地提高。或许你一下子感觉不到,但到某一天,当别人夸赞你的文章时你就知道了。
有些人觉得没有东西可写,那是因为,他们大多都是窝在屋子里,以为书可以解决一切问题。那就错了,那样的结果就是,写出来的东西会给人“在那里见到过”的感觉。另外,书里的内容对于他有了一个思维定格,写出来的作品自然无法超脱。你可以在你的小区附近,坐在石凳上,很安静地,很用心地,去观察周围一切发生的事。一段时间后,你会看到一些印在你脑子里的事,那就是你的素材了,可以记下来,以日记的形式或者只是在记事簿上。那么积累得多了,用时自然得心应手。
大量的阅读、勤奋的思考是提高写作水平的必经之路。多看、多练、多记。有很多不同类型的文章,也有很多不同意义的故事,对提高写作能力很有帮助。语法,文理是基础,然后就是多读、多积累,可准备一个专用日记本,见到一些好言锦句,就把它抄下来。还有就是多写,最好能坚持每天写日记。坚持写日记是个好办法,根据自己的时间安排,不要求多但贵在坚持,还有就是多看一些好书,对于自己生活中的事情,有意思的可以写下来,只要有毅力有恒心有梦想,总有一天会出好作品的!
写作时还有一个要点,那就是要小不要大:
往往很多人会将主题定得很宽很大,而结果则是内容浮浅而乏味。定个很小很小的主题,但一定要把它细化,即将你看到的每一个小细节都描写出来,再加上你的真实感受,那么读者就会被这些真实打动。比如你上面积累的例子,你可以作为例证来使用,同样也可以拿某件小事专门写一篇文章,好的文章即是由真、细、感组成的。
写作的根本是基础的积累:
首先是材料的积累。材料是写作之源。写作材料主要来源于社会生活。在活生生的现实中有很多美的事物,要学会时时处处留心周围各种各样的事物,熟悉形形色色的社会现象,不断扩大自己的生活领域,捕捉生活热点,在生活中多留心多思考,有意识的捕捉有意义的事,有趣的人,并随手记下。这样,发现多了,积累也就多了。阅读和听取,则是获取写作材料的另一途径。对于生活范围较小,生活经历有限的人来说,从这一源头获取材料最为广泛。阅读书籍报刊,听取轶闻逸事,可以使自己获得许多无法亲身接触到的材料。可见,要养成勤于阅读的习惯。通过留心生活,精于阅读,材料积累多了,便不再会出现无话可说的状况,而是泼洒成文。
一、语言的积累:
语言是文章这所房子的砖瓦,要有意识的积累语言,读书看报,碰到富有表现力的字词句;听广播看电视,甚至听别人说活,得到的美妙言语,都要记下来。平时碰到的成语、歇后语、名言警句等等,只要自认为生动美妙的,就积累。这样,积沙成塔,集腋成裘,从而逐步建立自己的语言词典。同时,生活中碰到的生字词,要查字典。经过积累,语言丰富了,写作文时自然左右逢源。
二、情感的积累:
文章不是无情物,字字句句吐衷肠。写作只有将自己的情感体验,自己的真情、深情、纯情、至情(如对师长的敬爱,对同学的友爱,对弱者的同情,对坏人的憎恶等等)付诸写作对象,文章才能情深意切,字字动心。可见,写好作文,必须有情感的积淀。而事实上,情感积累丰富了,写作时人禀七情就能自然流淌,进入一种情不能已的境界,写出的文章生动感人。
三、写法的积累:
“《文选》烂,秀才半”之说,形象道出了古人学习写作的经验。大凡优秀的作品,本身就告诉我们,文章该怎么写,不该怎么写。通过熟读、多读各大家的作品,达到心领神会的程度,自然学到作文的方法和技巧。阅读多了,积累多了,用于写作实践,必能提高写作水平。
实现写作的积累,要达到三个要求:
(一)、量要大,量的保证,才能带来质的变化。要勤动笔,将自己发现的东西记在其专为写作积累而准备的本子上。
(二)、范围要广。为了积累,生活视野阅读视野要宽,积极参加各种活动,以扩大自己的生活圈子;
(三)、培养自己的兴趣,养成积累的习惯。
2):多阅读:
广泛阅读是提高作文水平的前提条件。要写出好文章,就必须多读书。“读书破万卷,下笔如有神。”“熟读唐诗三首,不会作诗也会吟。”鲁迅先生也提倡多读书,“必须如蜜蜂一样,采过许多花,这才能酿出蜜来,倘叮在一处,所得就非常有限,枯燥了。”我们强调既要多读,又要选择地读,更要读进去,理解所读文章的结构技艺,语言特点,从中掌握作文特点。
3):巧选材:
精心选择是提高作文水平的加速器。选材的要求是要新颖,所谓新颖,就是摘要选择一般人没有接触过的,或熟视无睹但却含有深刻意义的。一经作者之笔,就成为“发人深思、令人感奋”的好材料。选材角度要小,要以小见大,写人人眼中有,人人笔下无的材料。为此,必须在头脑中把各种材料比较、分析、综合,进行去粗取精,改造加工,只有这样,才能使材料新颖。而这种积极思考、反复推敲的选析工夫,对提高作文水平很有帮助。
4):常练笔:
经常练笔是提高作文水平的关键。要想入作文的大门,并求得不断进步,更重要的是多练。谚语说的好:“文章读十篇,不如写一篇。”这就道出了作文实践出真知的道理。我们学习了一篇文章之后,弄懂了文章的结构方法,弄清了文章的写作特色,就要学着运用这些知识与方法去实践,去练习,使之变成自身的作文能力。实际上,我们在学习一篇课文后都可以进行练笔。而片断练习是练笔的一种好方式,片断练习所花的时间不长,又达到了练笔的目的。
5):勤修改:
反复修改是提高作文水平的催化剂。修改是作文必不可少的步骤,是提高作文质量的有效措施。前人说的好,“文章不厌百回改。”“文章是改出来的。”曹雪芹写《红楼梦》“披阅十载,增删五次,”托尔斯秦的《战争与和平》反复修改了七次;鲁迅先生主张“定完后至少看两遍,竭力将可有可无的字、句、段删去,毫不可惜。”可见,文章修改,一般是指从初稿写出来到最后定稿的加工过程。
修改时要做到五看:
(1)看用词是否通顺?
(2)看选材是否合适?
(3)看主题是否鲜明?
(4)看结构是否紧凑?
(5)看语言是否优美?!
总之,文章是改出来的,一般来说文章总是越改越好的,我们要在“修改”上下工夫。
不同的文章体裁所用的文笔略有不同和侧重点。比如小说,就更侧重故事架构,逻辑要缜密,人物性格要鲜明,对文笔要求不是很高的,但也起码要有可读性,有趣味或者有深刻的寓意在里面。否则就显得空洞,纵使词藻华丽,也难使读者有读下去的动力。小说一定注意高潮的适时出现,不然就没有可读性。
散文对文笔要求比较高,建议多读写优美的文家作品,看多了自然也写得出来,主要是气韵的那种感觉,文字优美而隽永。而评论、杂文侧注重时事性,对文笔要求最低,只要有感想都能写,游记就得依靠你敏锐的眼睛扑捉祖国大好河山的一幕幕诗情画意场景。
写文章实质上是为了表达自己的真实感受,不能说为了某种效果而写文章,那样写出来的文章不真实,越追求完美,有时会有相反的效果。写作过程是对自己积累进行选择、提取、加工、改造的过程。积累是写作的基础,积累越厚实,写作就越有基础,文章就能根深叶茂开奇葩。没有积累,胸无点墨,怎么也不会写出好作品来。
如果想快速提高文笔的话只有一个字,练!不管什么时候能成功,只要从今天起就开始一步步的练习下去,总有一天能成功的。平时多看经典的资料,多向文笔好的人学习。文笔是写作的必须技巧,其实也是一种感觉,有部分是与生俱来的,与个人的灵感有关,与个人的生活环境有关,与个人的悟性有关,在很大程度上靠的是个人的天赋。
失败是成功之母,不要因为初写不理想而气馁,要具有曾国藩“屡败屡战”的精神,同时还要努力提高自己的文化水平、素质和修养。要相信自己一定能够成功!我们的目的一定要达到!我们的目的一定能够达到!