即将毕业英语作文范文推荐20篇

Hello, everyone.

I dont know how to express my feeling now. I dont know whether Im happy or sad. Today well be apart. From now on well never study together, never laugh together.

Ive been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. Ive learned a lot here. I got to know whats english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didnt listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldnt do anything else but shout Attention!

Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. Its really admirable. I love Teachers reading, nice although not better than .

How time flys. Im going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.

Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!

Thank you! Thats all.

要求学生必须严格按照指导教师审定后的英语毕业论文提纲进行写作，不可自行其是，随意更换主题。正文：用小4号字，分标题用4号字黑体、正文内容需编序好.大部分用罗马字，小部分用一般数字符号：引入正题的引言不超过2段，编序应遵循下列顺序：

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X.

II. 1.1， 1.2， 1.3， 1.4， 1.5 ...

III. 1.1.1， 1.1.2， 1.1.3/ 2.1.1， 2.1.2， 2.1.3， /3.1.1. …

了解了英语毕业论文的质量标准后就可以动手写第一稿了。首先我们要确定标题。

I was born in a neither rich and nor poor family, and my parents can give me what I want. But they are strict to me. If I waste food and water, my mother will criticize me. To support the family, my father works very hard and he sacrifices a lot time to make money. So I realize the money comes not easy and won’t waste anything.

我出生在一个普通家庭，既不富裕也不贫穷，我的父母总能为我提供我想要的东西。但是他们对我管得比较严格。如果我浪费食物和水，妈妈就会批评我。为了支撑这个家，爸爸非常努力的工作，他牺牲很多时间来赚钱。所以我知道钱是来得不容易的，不会随意浪费。

毕业感想英语作文一：

Dear schoolmates,

As I am graduating, I’d like to write this letter to express my feelings before leaving school. As for me, it is the school life that colors my daily life. During the three years, I had a good time with teachers and classmates who were in favor of me. Besides, there is no doubt that I achieved lots of knowledge and skills which are good for my future study.

Nevertheless, there are also some things that I regret about. For instance, wasting too much time playing computers, I spent a little time in studying. Moreover, I regret arguing with my friends when I was in a low spirit.

Gone are the days when I studied in high school. Needless to say, there are many challenges in university where I will start my new life. Therefore, I should make every effort to study in university.

Here is some advice for you to take. Under no circumstances should you waste time doing things that aren’t linked with study. Apart from this, it’s high time that you should spare no effort to get good marks at school.

Good luck to all of you!

Yours

毕业感想英语作文二：

Hello, everyone.

I dont know how to express my feeling now. I dont know whether Im happy or sad. Today well be apart. From now on well never study together, never laugh together.

Ive been in Cambridge Young English School for three years. Ive learned a lot here. I got to know whats english and how to read english. Teacher Li was hard because of us. We didnt listen to him when he began to teach us. And he couldnt do anything else but shout Attention!

Teacher Li is great. Remember, Teacher Pi said, phonogram is difficult to spell. And he would only ask us to dictionary when he was tied. Instesd Te Li could spell it. Its really admirable. I love Teachers reading, nice although not better than .

How time flys. Im going to graduate. Dense book notes that left me the best gift, which not only gave me the knowledge, but gave me a lot of fun. I would like to thank Mu Shenghui. I admire his notes and his achievements. I am happy to be his deckmate.

Wish everyone can pave a perfect road with English. Come on, everybody!

Thank you! Thats all.

How time fies!

My school life is over. Herere what I want to say to classmates,teachers.I love my teachers so much,beacause they teach me a lot .

When I was in trouble ,they gave me a hand . When I failed the exam,they gave me a smile.And they tell me not to give up.

In a word,thank them so much at the bottle of my heart. I will miss them though I am not their student any longer.

I enjoy myself with my classmates .I got on well with them. And I never forget them because they are very good.

Most importantly,many happy moments about us are kept in my memory. Ill try my best to suady that I can Return my school.

I had a good time in school and I learn a lot of Knowlegle from my beautiful school

过程及方法。主要说明作者主要工作过程及所用的方法。

在英文摘要中，过程与方法的阐述起着承前启后的作用。开头交待了要解决的问题(What I want to do)之后，接着要回答的自然就是如何解决问题(How I did it)，而且，最后的结果和结论也往往与研究过程及方法是密切相关的。大多数作者在阐述过程与方法时，最常见的问题是泛泛而谈、空洞无物，只有定性的描述，使读者很难清楚地了解论文中解决问题的过程和方法。因此，在说明过程与方法时，应结合(指向)论文中的实例、实验框图等来进行阐述，这样可以既给读者一个清晰的思路。

Two days later, we are going to graduate. Everyone must be happy, but weve been through a lot of rain and rain over the past six years. These storms include learning, joy, anger, sorrow, joy, and collective life in the Liantang base...... Thought of here, I am not tight shed tears. Because, until now I know to cherish the time.

I remember in Liantang base, I have wronged hiding in bed crying. Because I long, everyone has a lot of my opinions, or say I am stupid, or ignore me, I really dont understand why they do this to me? I dont offend them? So I have no courage to say to the teacher, if I say, my classmates would ignore me, primary school pupil composition "composition". Finally, on the evening of the second day, I couldnt help, to everyone that Chen Huimin said: "well, today I take a bath!" everyone had no objection, but she had to wash the bath for half an hour, my body is the room of course I told the teacher about it! The teacher in the shower, we had forced her to come out......

Remember the day when our teacher had a debate with us?. We were very nervous at the time because we had never tried a debate before. Then, the teacher said: "the classmates, today we will work in class, the theme is" students should follow the independent "?" the teacher said: "this is the open debate, so we will separate the" positive "and" against the two party. "." As soon as we finished speaking, the teacher organized us immediately. Later, the teacher repeated the words just now. We Party Yao Junyu said: "it is of course! If not independence, dont follow their parents generation after generation?" - "Yang Huaijie said:" that, you can live independently now? "" it can also ah! "" in addition to the Liantang based outside? Can? "" can! "" I cant say that! You to explain! "" cant explain! "At that time, the whole class was attracted by his jokes, even the teacher can not help but laugh out......

In the full of laughter in the campus, with the sound of reading aloud on campus, has let us feel joy, anger, sadness and joy in the campus, which contains a lot of memories. Hope that students should remember, let these memories forever stay in our alma mater, graduation, I miss!

译文：

两天后，我们就要毕业了，小学毕业的作文。大家一定好开心，可是，这六年来，我们都经历过许许多多风雨。这些风雨包含了在学习上的喜、怒、哀、乐;在莲塘基地里的集体生活……想到这里，我不紧地流下眼泪。因为，到现在才知道要珍惜时间。

记得在莲塘基地里，我曾委屈地躲在被窝里哭。因为我室长，大家都对我有好多意见，要么就说我笨，要么就不理我，我真地不明白她们，为什么要这样对我?难道我得罪了她们?因此我没有勇气向老师说，如果我说了，同学们会更不理我，小学生作文《小学毕业的作文》。终于，在第二天晚上，我忍不住了，那个陈慧敏对着大家说：“哼，今天晚上我先洗澡!”大家当初都没反对，可是她洗澡足足洗了半个小时，我身为室长的我当然跟老师反映这件事啦!结果，老师也在洗澡，我们只好迫于无奈地等她出来了……

还记得一天，我们得老师跟我们开辩论会。当时，我们心情非常紧张，因为我们从未试过开辩论会。接着，老师就说：“同学们，今天我们上班会课，主题是‘小学生应不应该独立’?”跟着老师又说：“今次开的是辩论会，所以我们会分开‘正’、‘反’两方。”刚说完，老师就马上组织我们开始了。后来，老师又重复了刚刚那句话。我们‘正’方的姚骏宇说：“那是当然的啦!如果不独立，难道生生世世跟着父母啊?”‘反’方的杨怀杰又说：“那，你现在能独立生活么?”“那也能啊!”“除了去莲塘基之外呢?能吗?”“也能!”“那我可没话说了!你来解释解释一下!”“不能解释!”当时，全班都被他的笑话吸引住了，连老师也不禁地笑了出来了……

在那充满着欢声笑语的校园里，在那传着琅琅的读书声的校园里，在那曾让我们感到喜、怒、哀、乐的校园里，里面蕴涵着许多回忆。希望同学们要记住,让这些记忆永远留在我们的母校!毕业了，我好怀念!

These has been an unforgetable three years of our lives. Looking back on the first day that we came to the school, it is so vivid which feels like it just happened. Now we at the point to be apart from one another, I understand we are here to celebrate the graduation for our achievements here, however I cant help to feel sad at the same time because many of us will have very little of chances to see each other anymore, we will no longer have our great teachers there to lecture us about life and other things anymore. Nevertheless, I congrate all of us to have successfully graduated from this school and wish all of us to have better journeys in the future.

毕业典礼英语作文2：

Last week, I finished my middle school life and I would be in high school soon. I had my graduation ceremony. My parents came to my school and joined the ceremony. I was very happy, I took many pictures with my friends. I felt like I was growing up, I became more mature and I would be a high school student soon. In the graduation ceremony, my friends and I sang a song, we thought about the things happened during the three years and realized our friendship was so deep. We made the promised that we would keep our friendship forever. I am so excited about my future life, I think I can handle it well.

上周，我的初中生涯结束了，我很快就要上高中了。我参加了毕业典礼。我的父母来到我的学校参加典礼。我很开心，和朋友们拍了很多照片。我觉得自己长大了，我变得更加的成熟，很快就要成为一名高中生了。在毕业典礼上，我的朋友们和我唱了一首歌，我们想起了过去三年间的事情，意识到我们的友谊是很深厚的。我们承诺要永远维持我们的友情。对于我将来的生活，我很兴奋，我觉得我能处理好。

Should students go on further study or find a job after leaving high school?

Time spent in campus is not always treated with gracious look, but some parents may choose other ways for the longevity of their childrens post-high-school period, namely, find the adolescents a job, rather than sending them to a college. I can find myself against this act for a thousand reasons, amongst which we can figure some strongest ones as follows:

My first con against this behavior is that education is not just a benefit but also ones rights. Without education , as Gorge Orwell had once said ,is to be deprived of the most precious privilege in our time as a modern man. With college education , youngsters can choose a better way of doing thing correctly and more efficiently. The sharp contrast between those who have received well education and those without is not just financially, but more vitally, spiritually.

Admittedly, we can find cases of some one achieves without college education, but these cases are famous only because they are rare. Those people who succeed with a college degree are so many that this would seem to be a must and a natural part of elites. The absence of university education is hard to imagine in our days. The prospect of those juvenile workers or businessmen would be even dimmer than ever before .For in our age, knowledge is not only the power, but also the know-how to solving problems and gaining a much larger fortune.

How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from the middle school in a month. I am eager to share my happiness and sadness with you.

I had so many memories in three years’ life. One of them impressed me very much. When I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn’t do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me. Little by little, I’ve become interested in English and I’m good at it.

I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I’ve learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.

My teachers and fellow students,

In a couple of weeks, we’ll say goodbye to our mother school. How time flies! Now It’s really hard for me to put my feelings into words. The past three years has been really a wonderful journey with you guys, full of laughter and tears。

To make the journey safe and fruitful, our great teachers contributed their time, energy, love and the whole heart. Here, we are extremely grateful for all that you, dear teachers, have done for us。

It’ll soon be the time for us to depart, though unwillingly. But it is not the end. It just means that we’re going to begin a new journey。

Finally, on behalf of all the graduates present here, let me extend our sincere wishes for our mother school and respectable teachers. Thank you!

good afternoon .i am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .first of all ,my english name is ...and my chinese name is ..if you are

going to have a job interview ,you must say much things which can show your willness to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be ...and i am eager to get an opportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something about your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.

what is more important is do not forget to communicate with the

interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the success.

i hope you will give them a wonderful speech .good luck to you !

My family and I went to the seaside. My dad went fishing in the sea. My mumstayed under the umbrella. She read a book. My uncle ate an ice cream. My consins ate bread. My brothers made a sandcastle. My sisters bathed on the sunny beach. Mike went swimming in the sea. Kate and I played football. We were very happy.

Today is a special day, but also a day worth commemorating. Because today we are about to take the pearl of the primary school, the alma mater of left us to start our brand new secondary school life, and enter a new phase of the study.

We also remember the significance of Pearl primary school badge. It was the cradle of a very large, which loaded with countless as long as the Mirs a grown up and will be flying in the sky far away, but they will not forget the cradle of the ex-rearing.

We like it a only with hopes, dreams and Thanksgiving, flying out of small beads. We will make joint efforts in various parts of the world, for our faith, to live up to the expectations of the teachers work hard!

Distinguished leadership, teachers, Dear students:

Good afternoon!

Today is a special day, but also a day worth commemorating. Because today we are about to take the pearl of the primary school, the alma mater of left us to start our brand new secondary school life, and enter a new phase of the study.

We also remember the significance of Pearl primary school badge. It was the cradle of a very large, which loaded with countless as long as the Mirs a grown up and will be flying in the sky far away, but they will not forget the cradle of the ex-rearing. We like it a only with hopes, dreams and Thanksgiving, flying out of small beads. We will make joint efforts in various parts of the world, for our faith, to live up to the expectations of the teachers work hard! Six years of primary school is always so fast time flies, is the small beads Let us both happy and meaningful life. At the same time, we must also thank you for our hard-working gardener ---- selfless teachers every day and work hard for us, let us present here have each student expressed his gratitude to them and respect!

Bid farewell to his primary school, we work together hand in hand! To repay the hard cultivation of small beads and in secondary schools it up!

尊敬的领导、老师、亲爱的同学们：

下午好!

今天，是一个特殊的日子，也是一个值得我们纪念的日子。因为今天我们即将踏出珠光小学的校门，离开我们的母校，开始我们全新的中学生活，进入一个全新的学习阶段。

我们还记得珠光小学校徽的意义。那是一个很大的摇篮，里面装载着无数只大鹏鸟，只要大鹏一长大，就会飞向远处的天空，但它们不会忘记摇篮的养育之恩。我们就好比那一只只大鹏鸟，带着希望、梦想与感恩，飞出珠小。我们会在世界各地共同努力，为我们的信念，为不辜负老师们的期望而努力奋斗!

小学六年的时光过得总是那么快，是珠小让我们过得既快活又有意义。在此同时，我们还必须感谢辛勤的园丁----各位无私奉献的老师们，每天都在为我们而操劳，让我们在座的每一位同学都向他们表示感谢和敬意!

告别小学学习生涯后，我们携手一起努力!为报答珠小的辛勤栽培而在中学里努力吧!

主题句必须生动感人，发人深思，因为读者是否愿意继续读下去是取决于主题句的。作者必须时刻牢记，他要努力引起并保持读者的注意和兴趣。听众出于礼貌得把讲演一直听完，而读者则与听众不同，他在任何时候都可以停止读下去，而一旦他不打算继续读一篇论文，作者是毫无办法使读者重新注意那篇论文的。

段落的发展方法。段落的主要部分都是作者用来证实主题句的。如果段落发展无力或不完整，就是作者没能把问题说清楚。因此段落的发展必须充分。只有两三句话的段落就像一份偷工减料的三明治那样不能令人满意。

1.Time is flying away，and years are passing by.Only our friendship is always in my heart.Farewell，my friend!Take care，my friend!流水匆匆，岁月匆匆，唯有友情永存心中。朋友，再见!朋友，珍重!

2.Oh，my friend，do you like stars?If you feel lonely far away from home，look up at the stars in the sky， where there is a star for luck that Ive send you.朋友，你喜欢星空吗?如果有一天你在远方流浪时感到孤独、忧郁，请抬头看看星空，那儿有我送给你的幸运星。

3.Life is a profound book.Others notes cannot replace your own understanding.May you find and create something new in it.生活是一本精深的书，别人的注释代替不了自己的理解。愿你有所发现，有所创造。

4.Dont be disappointed on the journey of life.There are friends in the world.Seize your chance and value your opportunities.May our friendship be everlasting.人生路上何须惆怅，天涯海角总有知音。把握机会珍惜缘分，祝愿我们友谊长存。

5.Time does not water down the wine of friendship;distance does not separate our hands of longing.Wishing you happiness forever!时间冲不淡友情的酒，距离拉不开思念的手，祝福你，永远永远!

6.I have three wishes：May our friendship warm our hearts!May joy be always with you and me!May we often meet each other!我有三愿：一愿友情温暖我们心田，二愿欢乐永驻你我心间，三愿我们常常相见!

7.Thinking of each other is just like a thread connecting both you on the one end and m e on the other end.思念是一条细长的线，一端系着你，一端系着我，时刻连接着两颗跳动不息的心。

8.If life cheats you，dont be disappointed and worried.Calmness is needed in melancholy days.Believe that pleasantness is coming.Long for the bright future though you are unhappy. All will pass by and everything will be over.Past things will be pleasant memories. —〔Russia〕Alesander Pushkin

假如生活欺骗了你，不要悲伤，不要心急。阴郁的日子需要镇静。相信吧，那愉快的日子即将来临。心永远憧憬着未来，尽管你现在常常是阴沉的。一切都是瞬息，一切都会过去，而过去了的，将会变成亲切的怀念。

9.If I should meet thee，

After long years，

How should I greet thee?

With silence and tears.

—〔Britain〕George Gordon Byron

多年离别后，抑或再相逢，相逢何所语?泪流默无声。

In my 18 years of life, there have been many things. University days are the best part of them. I can never forget the days when I stepped into my university. I was impressed by its garden-like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. I at once fell in love with it.

After the arduous military training, I get absolutely absorbed in my studies. The classes given by the teachers are excellent. They provide us with information not only from our textbooks but from many other sources as well. They easily arouse my insatiable desire to take in as much as I can.

Frankly speaking, at first I had some difficulty following the teachers. However, through my own efforts and thanks to my teachers guidance, I made remarkable progress. Now Ive benefited a lot from lectures and many other academic reports.

Learning is a long process; Ill keep exploring in the treasure house of knowledge to enrich myself. This summer I got out of the ivory tower and entered the real world. A publishing house offered me a part-time job in compilation and revision.

At the beginning I was belittled by my colleagues. But they were really surprised when I translated seven English articles over 5,000 words on only one day. Gradually, they began to look at me with respectful eyes. In their opinion I turned out to be a useful and trustworthy colleague.

I also realize that only those who bring happinefor others can be truly happy. So I often take part in activities concerning public welfare. I once went to a barren mountain village with my classmates. We taught the kids there who could not afford school. While showing them how broad and how civilized the outer world is, I was deeply touched by their eagerneto learn, their honesty and their purity. I couldnt control my tears on the day when we left. The precious experience with the poor kids made me aware of the responsibility on the shoulders of us, future teachers.

Besides study and social practice, there are entertainments as well. I do body building every day, hoping to keep healthy and energetic. We also write a play and put it on in our spare time.

Campus life is the most splendid time. But different people have different choices. The majority of students cherish their beautiful season and cherish the hope that one day theyll become outstanding. But there are indeed some students still under ignorance. They gather together for eating, drinking or playing cards. Theyre busy in searching for a girlfriend or a boyfriend. They forget completely about their mission as college students and the hope of their motherland.

Finally, I do hope everybody can try their best to become a worthy citizen of the country. I do hope everybody can become the backbone of our nation and make great contributions to society

Time flies, imperceptibly, you through the junior middle school three years of study and life. For three years, you are in the campus, left footprints, flying ideal, sweat, take away the maturity, left back memories. A few days ago, in my mind, often will save you present at work; crazy slapstick laughter; Art Festival in the song; the stadium endeavoring figure;

Time is a one-way road, you can not get the return ticket. But some of the scenery will not fade with time, some faces will not fade with time, some beliefs do not brown with time. Let all the sentimentally attached, depressed and repentant, hope and longing, become your eternal good memories!

"The blue cloud has a road to always have to have, life can have a few times to fight, at this time do not beat when to fight!" Anguish and resentment are not the main melody of youth, but struggle and struggle is the aria of life. Here, I hope that every one of you is successful in the mid-term exam.

After two days, you will go all out to accumulate steadily, ideal carrying luggage, with three years of travel over land and water, like a pilgrim, accept, dream ideal. Please remember: no matter where you are, people where the Maozhou middle school campus, there must be your teacher, your mentees, for you silently bless, pray silently, you can often come home to see more hope.

Students, youth is a too hasty book! Three years of time, more than 1000 days and nights in such a hurry to pass by, today you are proud of the school, tomorrow, you are proud of school! In the strange, I gave the students three words, as a graduation gift, and my classmates.

In the first sentence, study is regarded as a habit. A good habit is the most precious wealth of a mans life. I hope that no matter when, no matter where you are, dont forget your habits. We must start from small things, start from the side, start from scratch, pay attention to every detail, and you will have a bright future.

The second sentence, regard gratitude as a kind of gratitude responsibility. The students can grow up healthily, graduate, in addition to their own efforts, we should not forget our age, we grow up, we learn the campus, we cannot forget that behind us silently teachers and love, always worried about our parents, to the country and the school the teacher must be thankful, grateful!

The third sentence, the ideal as a goal. What kind of people have ideal, have what kind of development, in twenty-first Century as a master, you must aim high, do not linger in the past, not to dwell on today, must have ambition, ambition, to have the whole world in view in the future.

Students, graduating from junior high school is just a post station on the road of life. In the future, there will be a wider sky for students to fly. There will be better prospects for students to look forward to. Were going to say "goodbye". At the beginning of the meeting is to acquire knowledge, accumulate strength, this is goodbye in order to achieve the ideal vision exhibition! Your success starts from here! Start from a school in the alma mater!

Wide sea diving, sky. Today you are the peaches and plums fragrance, tomorrow you are the pillars of the state! I wish the students good grades in senior high school entrance examination to the stadium, Alma mater! Good news to the teachers!

Three years of groundless talk, three years of hard work, inculcate three years, three years of little concern, although I just can forget?

Junior high school, is a destination, more a starting point. I wish you more progress and better results in the coming time. For the alma mater.

Rush years, the flowers bloom. Junior high school three years will be learning to live the moment has passed. Leaving his alma mater, leave, students about to leave, the hearts full of nostalgia.

Forget, beautiful alma mater. In your arms, we become ignorant of everything from ignorance, from naive to mature, from the timid become brave. Here, we received a strict education; here, we form of discipline, good style; here, we obtain knowledge, understand the truth, people here grow sturdily.

Forget, dear teacher. You just like that "wind sneaked into the night, moisten things silently" spring rain, nourishing us these small seedlings. You let me understand : the sun is to illuminate the life, the gardener is how to take care of the flowers, spring breeze is how green the world... ... In my eyes, the teacher, you already tender majesty, both ordinary and great. That is my heart rain, you are the sunshine of my heart ... ... Will always be grateful to you.

Forget, my dear classmates. We walked side by side for three years, in these three years, we spent a wonderful time, gave me the seeds of a friendship, sowing into my heart. In be together morning and night, we grow together, in the blink of an eye, but separated from the heart, calm? So, please remember to spend every minute, let friendship!

Will treasure the rest of every minute and every second, do not let the six year be sorry. The alma mater, memories ; to leave a good impression ; give students leave a good memory.

结果和结论部分代表着论文的主要成就和贡献，英语毕业论文有没有价值，值不值得读者阅读，主要取决于你所获得的结果和所得出的结论。因此，在写作结果和结论部分时，一般都要尽量结合实验结果或仿真结果的图、表、曲线等来加以说明，使结论部分言之有物，有根有据;同时，对那些看不懂中文的英文读者来说，通过这些图表，结合英文摘要的说明就可以比较清楚地了解论文的结果和结论。也只有这样，论文的结论才有说服力。如有可能，在结尾部分还可以将论文的结果和他人最新的研究结果进行比较，以突出论文的主要贡献和创新、独到之处(回答 What is new and original in this paper)。