英语写作基础教程课后题20篇
雾霾是雾和霾的组合词,中国不少地区把雾霾天气现象并入雾一起作为灾害性天气预警预报,统称为“雾霾天气”。开学吧小编整理了英语写作基础教程课后题,快来看看吧。
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670英文电子邮件的写作基础
全文共 1951 字
+ 加入清单英文书信是一种最常用的应用文体,对于普通的私人信件通常由五部分组成:小编收集了英文电子邮件的写作基础,欢迎阅读。
英文书信是一种最常用的应用文体,对于普通的私人信件通常由五部分组成:
1.信头:指发信人的地址和日期。写在信纸的右上角,可以从靠近信纸的中央写起。信头上面要留空白。先写发信人地址。地址的写法与汉语不同,要先写小地方,后写大地方。在地址的下面写上日期。日期的顺序是:月、日、年,或者:日、月、年。例如:may 17 XX。在年份之前有一个逗号。
2.称呼:指对收信人的称呼。写在信头之下,从信纸的左边开始。写信给熟悉的人,一般用dear…或my dear…作称呼。如:dear li lei,dear miss thomas或my dear dad.
3.信的正文:指信的主体部分。从称呼的下一行第一段顶边写。从第二段起每段第一个词都缩进3或5个字母写。
4.结束语:指正文下面的结尾客套话。一般从信纸的中央靠右写起,第一个字母大写,末尾用一逗号。在非正式的社交信中,常用yours或sincerely。假如对方是亲密的朋友,可用sincerely yoursyours等。
5.签名:指发信人签名。写在结束语的下面,稍偏右。
另外,英文信封写法与汉语的不同。一般把收信人的地址写在信封的中央或偏右下角。第一行写姓名,下面写地址。发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的左上角,也可以写在信的背面。
英文书信的格式
1、 信头(heading)
指发信人的姓名(单位名称)、地址和日期,一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等,因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。 英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,地址的名称按从小到大的顺序:第一行写门牌号码和街名;第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名;然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之间,该用的还要用,例如在写日期的时候。
2、 日期的写法:
如:1997年7月30日,英文为:july 30,1997(最为普遍); july 30th,1997;
30th july,1997等。1997不可写成97。
3、 信内地址(inside address):
在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。
4、 称呼(salutation):
是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。
(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2)写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen)。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir的复数形式。
(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。
5、 正文(body of the letter):
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不
同的是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!)正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
邮件范文:
15 huaihai street
shanghai, china
feb 6th, XX
peter brown
22, blachpool road(可以省略)
sydney 2140
australia
dearpeter,
i am very glad to hear from you.______________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
i must stop writing now, as i have a lot of work to do.
best wishes to you!
sincerely yours, wang xiaolan
更多相似作文
篇1:高考英语作文常用写作句式句型汇总
全文共 10058 字
+ 加入清单一.开头用语:
良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时,通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求,点出文章的中心思想。
1.议论论文:
A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.
B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...
D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.
F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.
2. 书信:
A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.
B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...
C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.
E. How nice to hear from you again.
3. 口头通知或介绍情况:
A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.
B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.
C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.
4. 演讲稿:
A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.
B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.
二.并列用语:
as well as, not only…but (also), including,
A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.
B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.
C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.
D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.
三.对比用语:
on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless
A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.
B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.
C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.
四. 递进用语:
even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse
A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.
五. 例证用语:
in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely
A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.
六. 时序用语:
first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time
in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,
A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.
B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.
七. 强调用语:
especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,
A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
B What in the world/on earth are you doing?
八. 因果用语:
thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...
A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.
B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.
九. 总结用语:
in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all
A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.
B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.
常用句型
(一)段首句
1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that ……
2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying……Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。
Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…….
4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。
Nowadays,it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides,……
5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception,it has both advantages
and disadvantages.
6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……
People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,……
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
……has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that……while. Obviously,……but why?
(二)中间段落句
1. 相反,有一些人赞成……,他们相信……,而且,他们认为……。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of……t the same time,they say……
2. 但是,我认为这不是解决……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I dont think it is a very good way to solve …….For example,……Worst of all,…….
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
……is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First,……Whats more, ……Most important of all,……
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……
5. 面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面,
Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….
For one thing,For another,
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….
7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说,……的主要原因是由于……
Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….
8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……
9. 尽管如此,我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….
(三)结尾句
1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……
2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.
3. 但是,……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,……,而……。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)……
But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……
Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……
4. 就我个人而言,我相信……,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……
Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……
5. 随着社会的发展,……。因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ……So its urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……
7. 对我来说,我认为有必要……。原因如下:第一,……; 第二,……;最后……但同样重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,……
8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现……。
It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find……
9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
常用句型:
开头:
When it comes to ..., some think ...
There is a public debate today that ...
A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?
Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.
提出观点:
Now there is a growing awareness that...
It is time we explore the truth of ...
Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.
进一步提出观点:
... but that is only part of the history.
Another equally important aspect is ...
A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...
提出假想例子的方式:
Suppose that...
Just imagine what would be like if...
It is reasonable to expect...
It is not surprising that...
举普通例子:
For example(instance),...
... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)
A good case in point is...
A particular example for this is...
引用:
One of the greatest early writers said ...
"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...
"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).
"......". How often we hear such words like there.
讲故事
(先说故事主体),this story is not rare.
..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.
..., the story still has a realistic significance.
提出原因:
There are many reasons for ...
Why .... , for one thing,...
The answer to this problem involves many factors.
Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...
The first reason can be obiviously seen.
Most people would agree that...
Some people may neglect that in fact ...
Others suggest that...
Part of the explanation is ...
进行对比:
The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...
Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...
Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.
A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...
承上启下:
To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...
A study of ... will make this point clear
让步:
Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...
I do not deny that A has its own merits.
结尾:
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw
the conclusion that ...
In summary, it is wiser ...
In short...
篇2:写作基础:人物描写方法
全文共 965 字
+ 加入清单人物描写的方法是很多的,每种方法各有千秋,下面是小编为大家整理的人物描写方法,希望能帮到您!
人物的描写是根据描写的对象,主要分为外貌(肖像、衣着、神态)、语言描写、动作描写、人物心理描写以及生活细节的描述。写人,可以直接写头发、画眼睛,使其栩栩如生,这叫直接描写;还有一种方法那就是间接描述,比如他人转述,通过别人来反衬,以景衬人等等。根据对对象的轻重,简略、着墨的浓淡,除此之外,人物描写还可归纳为白描、漫画式勾勒、浓墨重彩细描等等。
一、白描
利用言简意赅的文字,不加渲染烘托。不用色彩修饰,不借助比喻、比拟等修辞手法,最大限度的少用形容词,单纯的描出事物的形象。如:
“其时进来的是一个黑瘦的先生,八字须,戴着眼镜,胳膊下挟着一叠大小不一的书籍。”《藤野先生》——鲁迅
寥寥数语,变形象而又生动的描绘了他的简朴生活和对教学的治学严谨形象。
二、漫画式勾勒
用以极其夸张的手法、揶揄的口吻,把人物塑造为形态各异、千奇百怪、荒诞陆离的形象,以表达嘲笑、憎恶、同情等思想感情。如:
“他倘若低头看,断然是看不到自己的脚尖的,中间隆起的那个部位,会把视线挡住。稀稀拉拉的花白头发,整齐地朝后梳拢着,蘸了水,没有一根错乱的。白皙皙的脸上,看不见一条皱纹,像刚出锅的馒头。由于胖,鼻子、眼睛就显得特别小;由于小,就显得格外精采有神。”(王润滋《卖蟹》)
通过描写,塑造出“过滤嘴”的形象:老而胖,整洁考究,富态优裕,高人一等。在描写中渗透着作者的嘲笑。
三、浓墨重彩细描
即以生动、形象、传神的语言,多方位、多层次、多角度,细致全面地去刻画人物形象。如:
“……坐在南首的是一个瘦瘦的,五十上下的中国人;穿一件牙黄的长衫,嘴里咬着一支烟嘴,跟着那火光的一亮一亮,腾起一阵一阵烟雾。”
“他的面孔黄里带白,瘦得叫人担心,好像大病新愈的人,但是精神很好,没有一点颓唐的样子,头发约莫一寸长,显然好久没剪了,却一根一根精神抖擞地直竖着。胡须很打眼,好像浓墨写的隶体‘一’字。”
“黄里带白的脸,瘦得让人担心,头上直竖着寸把长的头发;牙黄羽纱的长衫;隶体‘一’字似的胡须;左手里捏着的一支黄色烟嘴,安烟的一头已经熏黑了。”(阿累《一面》)
这三处,作者通过全面而细致的描写,刻画出处于艰苦条件下的鲁迅的精神面貌,一位“越老越顽强”的伟大战士的形象,即赫然屹立在我们的面前。
篇3:20个雅思写作基础作文题目集锦
全文共 3904 字
+ 加入清单1。
You are an university student who are living in the accommodation at the campus。
One day you find something wrong with your accommodation。
So you write a letter to the House Officer to tell them what happened, the reason you think, what you decide to do, and whether if it is right。
2。
It is wrong that our government pay more money to the artist projects, for instance, there are more and more paintings and sculptures appearing at the public places, because there are more important thing to do。
Whats you opinion? Do you agree or disagree with it?
3。
writing to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why。
4。
Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical condition and social development。
5。
You have left college。
But you didnt say goodbye to your friend who live in the room with you because he had a course at that time。
Write a letter to him to appology and tell hem how you spend that days before you leave and how you get home。
Then invite him to visit you。
6。
Some people say the parents should except school to conduct their childrens behavior and tell them what is right or wrong。
Others say schools should take this responsibility。
Please give your point about it。
7。
Write to the agency officer and complain about the rent car which has sth wrong。
Tell them the problems of the car you rent from the agency and your requiring。
8。
As the developing countries and the third world countries, there are a funds, how to use it? Invest in the basic education or in the high-technology, for instance, computer? Whats your opinion?
9。
You are a foreign student。
Write to the Student Union, introduce your hobbies and interests and ask information of clubs and societies。
You want to join a club or society enjoy your time when you study there。
10。
Fast food is developing more and more popular。
It replaces other traditional food。
Some people think it is good, some people disagree with it。
Whats your opinion about it。
Give some reason of your opinion。
11。
A friend will visit Beijing。
You will meet him at airport。
But for some reason, you have to be late。
Explain the reason。
Since you havent meet each other, tell the friend where you will meet and how to recognize each other。
12。
More and more childrens writing math ability are affected by computers and calculators。
We should limit the use of those tools。
Disagree or agree。
13。
you have broke your leg and have to stayed in hospital。
you received many cards and letters from your classmates。
write a letter to tell them your detail of your position and thank them at the same time。
14。
some people say that it is impossible for women to be an effective women and to be a good mother in home at the same time。
they also suggest that the government should give the salary to mothers who stay at home to take care of their children。
15。
Your friend write to you and tell you that he is hesitating to chose computer or history as his major in university。
Write to him and tell him your opinion。
16。
Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical conditions and social development。
17。
You live in a room in college which you share with another student。
You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting。
They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you。
Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and ask for a new room nest term。
You would prefer a single room。
Explain your reason。
18。
Who has responsible for our old people?
19。
Write to the agency officer to complain about a rent house by them。
Tell them the problems of the house and your requiring。
20。
You read an ad about a sale of a shop in the local newspaper, when you came to buy the goods you wanted, you find the sale had ended。
Write to the shop manager and complain about this。
Require for the compensation。
篇4:大学英语写作基础教程
全文共 5443 字
+ 加入清单以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考可根据自己的情况选择其中的个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this
2)The reasons for this are as follows
3)The reason for this is obvious
4)The reason for this is not far to seek
5)The reason for this is that
6)We have good reason to believe that
例如:
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life
.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注:
如考生写第一个句子没有把握,
可将其改写成两个句子。
如:
Great changes have taken place in our life.
There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages
2)It does us a lot of good
3)It benefits us quite a lot
4)It is beneficial to us
5)It is of great benefit to us
例如:
Books are like friends.
They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds
and widen our horizons.Therefore reading extensively is of great benefit to us
3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages
2)It does us much harm
3)It is harmful to us
例如:
However,everything divides into two.
Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如:
Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.
Soon, computers will be found in every home,too.
We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
5.表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如:
The housing problem that we are confronted with Is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6 .表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如:
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to
meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However,that’s not the case.
例如:
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems,
we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.
The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
8.表示比较
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例如:
Compared with cars ,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.
例如:
With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s in some spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如:From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
10.表示看法
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...
Others argue that...
例如:
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However ,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如:
Do“lucky numbers really bring good luck?
Different people have different views on it(注:
一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。)
11.表示结论
1)In short,it can be said that ...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that ..
例如:
From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however,its method should be improved.
12.套语
1)It’s well known to us that ...
2)As is known to us...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph
(table,chart)listed above,it can be seen that ...
5)As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.
例如:
As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.
The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and
the campus is no longer an“ivory tower.As college students,
we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.
Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after
we graduate.
篇5:英语写作常用句型汇总35句
全文共 4854 字
+ 加入清单一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + haveever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句:
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
例句:
We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)
例句:
There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
例句:
It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)
例句:
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的优点是...)
例句:
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 (...的原因是...)
例句:
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句:
So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
例句:
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more+ Adj + S + V ~~~(愈...愈...)
例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力,你愈进步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够..)
例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式.(过去...年来,...一直...)
例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句:It pays to help others.
帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
例句:We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让...明白...事)
例句:We should bring home to people the valueof working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与...息息相关)
例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~(因为...)
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)
例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对...有很大的影响)
例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to (对...有益),do harm to (对...有害)
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best (尽全力去...)
例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
篇6:二年级写作基础:改写句子
全文共 744 字
+ 加入清单1、改变句子的词序,不改变句子的意思。
例1
(什么地方)(谁)(在干什么)
同学们在教室里大扫除。
(谁)(在什么地方)(干什么)
(1)操场上空,五星红旗在高高飘扬。
(2)蓝天上,雄鹰在飞翔。
(3)马路上,各种车辆在行驶。
(4)公园里,小学生在画画。、
(5)礼堂里,我们在观看精彩的节目。
例2
老师和同学在公园里尽情地欣赏雪景。
(谁)(在什么地方)(干什么)
(在什么地方)(谁)(干什么)
(1)鲜花盛开在道路两旁。
(2)一棵棵向日葵在阳光下茁壮成长。
(3)海参在海底慢慢地蠕动着。
(4)狐狸在葡萄架下盯着葡萄。
(5)同学们在课堂上积极发言。
例3
妈妈扎牢了帐篷。
(1)巨浪吞没了大船。
(2)张老师提来了开水。
(3)我叫醒了王海。
(4)爸爸买回来了一大袋水果。
(5)乌云遮住了太阳。
2、照样子把下面每组里的两句话合成一句通顺的话。
例我背着书包。
我上学去。
(1)我迅速地跑到学校。
我上体育课。
(2)她涂上了红红的颜色。
她把太阳画下来了。
(3)她捡起地上地一元钱。
她弯下腰。
(4)小燕子搭窝。
小燕子衔来泥土。
(5)小兔拔了许多萝卜。
小兔挎着篮子到地里。
(6)老师在黑板上写字。
老师拿起粉笔。
(7)我听到口令。
我冲出起跑线。
(8)妹妹伤心地哭了起来。
妹妹扑在妈妈怀里。
(9)爷爷戴上老花眼镜。
爷爷看书。
(10)猴子在地上打滚。
猴子抱着皮球。
3、照样子把下面的句子改写成“把字句”
例狼叼走了羊。
羊把羊叼走了。
(1)我修好了一张桌子。
(2)妈妈织好了毛衣。
(3)他打死了一个敌人。
(4)我擦干净了黑板。
(5)小马拧紧了水龙头。
(6)冬冬卖了旧报纸。
(7)狂风吹倒了路旁的大树。
(8)乌鸦喝完了水。
(9)大夫治好了我的病。
(10)大鱼吃掉了小鱼。
4、照样子把下面的句子改写成“被子句”
例爸爸拿走了刚刚送来的报纸。
篇7:写作基础中小学生作文常见的“线索”
全文共 349 字
+ 加入清单导语:“线索清楚”是每篇最佳文章的第一感观。无论写人记事,都必须要用一根主线把前后内容串联起来,才能构成一个完美的整体,如果线索不清,所写的事将会如一团乱麻,看不出头绪。要掌握“线索清楚”这一技法,就必须懂得小学生常见的“线索”有哪些。
根据小学生的作文内容范围,可从以下五个方面了解行文的“线索”。
第一,以事件发生发展的过程为线索;
第二,以物体为线索;
第三,以时间顺序为线索;
第四,以作者思想感情为线索。
总之,不论以哪一方面为线索,都必须根据文章主题和材料的需要而确定,都必须理清思路和文章的脉络。特别对于记叙较复杂的事物,除抓住主要线索外,还要设计好次要线索;还有的文章可以涉及明、暗两条线。不管怎样设计文章,只要能把握“线索清楚”这一技法,写出来的文章就会给人以清新、明白、有理有据的完美印象。
篇8:英语写作经典句式积累
全文共 13591 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷网小编为大家整理的英语写作的经典句式,希望对你有帮助。
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。
26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者,有如下理由:
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
31. This view&nbsnbsp;is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。
33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。
35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。
37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。
38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。
42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。
43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:
44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。
45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。
47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。
49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。
50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老
51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.
对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。
52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。
54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。
55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。
56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.
人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。
58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。
59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。
61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。
63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。
64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。
65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。
66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。
67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:
68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。
69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。
70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。
71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。
72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job&nbsnbsp;markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。
74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。
75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。
篇9:如何提高高中生的基础写作水平
全文共 870 字
+ 加入清单摘 要:近年来广东省高考英语写作测试内容正从知识型向能力型转变,写作文体日趋多元化,命题更具开放性,对考生英语写作能力的要求也在逐年提高。广东省高考英语写作分为基础写作和读写任务两个题型。其中基础写作的目的是检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如,用词的合理性、结构的复杂性、语言运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。结合六七年来的高中英语教学实践,觉得应该从以下几个方面来提高高中生的基础写作水平。
关键词:写作水平;模仿范文;限时训练
明确写作要求和评分标准并做好对应的训练
写作要求和评分标准是我们基础写作拿高分的指挥棒。因此,只有明确了写作要求和评分标准,才能做到有的放矢,写出高水平的文章来。
基础写作的基本要求是只能用5句话表达全部内容。也就是学生整篇小作文的总句数是5句话,多于5句话会扣分,少于5句话也会扣分。同时5句话又要构成一篇内容完整的文章,因此,这就要求学生对长短句要进行灵活把握。这就意味着对学生的句法知识要进行讲解,并大量进行句式训练。基础写作的评分标准是:句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。这就要求训练中要注重句子结构、信息内容和篇章结构。
1.循序渐进,加强句子结构训练
“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。”英语写作能力并非是一蹴而就的。它必须由浅入深、由简到繁、由易到难、循序渐进、一环紧扣一环地进行训练。教师应注重抓基本功训练,严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子,注意大小写和标点符号。进行组词造句、组句成段练习时,要求学生写出最简单的短句,为以后英语作文打好扎实的基础。在熟悉简单句的基础上为学生引入并列句和复合句,对长句的灵活运用显得尤为重要,因为长句能表达更丰满的内容,且能体现出作者的逻辑性。
2.信息内容必须完整
信息内容完整,这就要求学生做到认真、准确审题。基础写作的题目出现在我们面前,我们就应该对题目进行分析,通过列提纲等方式找出其内容要点,并对这些要点进行分类整理,大致分为5个方面,同时注意他们的先后顺序和逻辑关系。这样不仅能保证内容的完整性,还能让篇章结构有一定的逻辑性。
篇10:2024中考英语作文写作指导汇总
全文共 2810 字
+ 加入清单英语写作是中考学生的一个盲点,缺乏对英语写作的专门训练和反思,老师的工作量大,造成作文讲评大多数时候只谈现象,因此学生学得也不具体、不深入,忽略写作技能的提高,甚至误认为只要句子结构正确,无单词拼写错误就应该得满分。同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文,而在中考中获取高分呢?下面是YJBYS网作文频道为大家整理的英语写作指导。
一、写作决窍
总体把握,要点齐全;人称时态,逻辑清楚;
关键词汇,动词第一;组词成句,结构完整;
组句成文,连词增色;此路不通,绕道迂回;
字迹工整,留好印象;从句适量,高分有望。
二、写作步骤
1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息,告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。
2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后,根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。
3.写完要点,但不随意发挥。
4.先草稿,后抄写。
三、习作点评
[2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)
Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.
·What exactly your hobby is;
·When and how you became interested in this hobby;
·Why you enjoy your hobby;
·About your hopes and plans for the future.
写作要求:
1.根据所提供的内容,适当拓展想象空间,灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。
2.条理清楚,语句通顺,书写清晰、规范。
3.词数60-80.
[高分突破]
①文体:记叙文。
②要点:what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.
③时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时的自然变化。
内容具有开放性,但它也是“控制性”的写作试题,因此不能随意发挥,要善于抓信息,写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作,一是因为他们选材相同,二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that,so,little by little,when,so that等,恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to,became interested in,come true……等,使内容丰富,读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会,只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评,同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。
四、培养途径
1.根据老师布置的写作内容,独立完成一篇写作。
2.与同伴合作,交流自己的写作,通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子,合作创造一篇新的文章,供大家欣赏。
3.找老师点评,请求老师指点,尤其是怎样润色。
4.自己纠错,写下反思。
五、备考演练
A
缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地,每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道,说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。
写作要求:
1.词数在100左右。
2.条理清楚,语句通顺。
3.开头已写好,但不计入总词数。
Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …
B
阅读电视广告词:“If we don’t save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示,写一篇60-80词的短文。
提示:
1.生活离不开水。
2.可饮用水在减少。
3.水污染严重。
4.应保护水源,再利用水。
思路点拨与参考答案
A. [思路点拨]:
①文体:记叙文。
②时态:一般过去时态,一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法,增加感染力。
③写作目的:告诉读者保护环境的重要性。
Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago,some of them paid no attention to protecting the environment.They threw their rubbish,such as plastic bags,fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees,picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily,great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins,and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to prevent starting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.
B. [思路点拨]:
①夹叙夹议(说明现状,谈谈感想)。
②时态:一般现在时态。
③广告词的含义——水很重要,应保护和再利用(写作意图)。
Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.
篇11:英语写作容易出现的误区和解决方法
全文共 744 字
+ 加入清单通过对近些年英语作文出题的趋势来看,中考对英语写作的考察更偏重于交际情景设置和不同体裁的要求,但是由于客观和种种主观原因,很多同学的作文容易走入种种误区,这些误区主要体现在以下方面:
构思、准备不充分,匆忙下笔。任何一篇作文出题都是有它独特的道理的,所以提前审题和构思就显得必不可少了。文新学堂教学专家提醒,很多学生目 前存在一个情况,想到哪写到哪,这也造成了作文杂乱无章,毫无条理,同时容易出现写错单词和用错句型的情况。针对这种情况可以从以下几个方面予以解 决:
1、认真审题,审题的重点放在写作体裁、格式、字数方面,确保第一遍审题就能保证得到基本分。
2、确定文体和时态,因为不同的文体要求的写作格式也是 不同的
3、列提纲,打草稿,然后修改。这样可以保证错误降低至最少或者没有错误,同时也能保持卷面整洁。
中心重点不突出,切题不准确。英语写作不是语文散文(形散神不散),写英语作文,尤其是在中考大压力下短时内写出高分作文一定要注意这一点。造 成这种情况的主要原因是动笔前并没有认真审题和思考,对出题者希望得到的预期尚未揣摩透彻,这也就造成了一些同学虽然语言功底非常不错,但是最终的结果还 是没有拿到一个自己预期的心理分数,最大的问题就出在切题不准确或者不够突出中心上了。
忽视文化差异。要时刻牢记一点,中英文表达方式有很大的差异,所以体现在作文表达上也常常会出现生硬的中国式作文表达,降低了作文质量。所以注重中英语言差异,并努力找到两者之间的表达方式上的共通点,并且有意识的运用就能避免类似的问题。
忽视细节,无谓失分。很多学生在写作文时常常感觉"下笔如有神",但最终结果出来后大惑不解。这方面的问题主要体现在忽视标点、书写、段落安排、大小写的问题,所以只要更加注重细节,这些无谓失分就可以解决。
篇12:写作基础知识
全文共 724 字
+ 加入清单想要写好一篇作文,对于写作基础,就应该要有所了解,下面小编为大家带来了写作基础知识,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。
一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论?
二、表现手法:
象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托(正衬、反衬)
三、修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语?
四、记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果
五、记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙?六、描写角度:正面描写、侧面描写?
七、描写人物的方法:语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌
八、描写景物的角度:视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉?
九、描写景物的方法:动静结合(以动写静)、概括与具体相结合、由远到近(或由近到远)?
十、描写(或抒情)方式:正面(又叫直接)、反面(又叫间接)
十一、叙述方式:概括叙述、细节描写
十二、说明顺序:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序
十三、说明方法:举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用?
十四、小说情节四部分:开端、发展、高潮、结局
十五、小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、具体环境
十六、环境描写分为:自然环境、社会环境
十七、议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证
十八、论据分类为:事实论据、道理论据
十九、论证方法:举例(或事实)论证、道理论证(有时也叫引用论证)、对比(或正反对比)论证、比喻论证
二十、论证方式:立论、驳论(可反驳论点、论据、论证)
二十一、议论文的文章的结构:总分总、总分、分总;分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。
二十二、引号的作用:引用;强调;特定称谓;否定、讽刺、反语
二十三、破折号用法:提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。
[写作基础知识
篇13:英语书信常见写作模板
全文共 366 字
+ 加入清单1、开头部分
How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
2、结尾部分
With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
篇14:2024七年级英语写作指导
全文共 1545 字
+ 加入清单初一是正式开始写英语作文,怎么样才能写出好的英语作文呢?
一、充分准备,打好基础。
为了提高初一英语作文写作水平,平时应加强阅读,多背诵一些句形、段落甚至短文。俗话说:“读书破万卷,下笔如有神”,只有多读,多记,多背诵,才能出口成章,下笔成文。此外,写好初一英语作文还要掌握一些应用文体的写作方法,如书信、日记、通知等,它们大多有固定的格式。
二、认真审题,明确要求
在写初一英语作文的时候仔细看清写作要求和提示,分清材料的主次,接着确定体裁、格式和人物、地点等要素;最后确定时态,同时考虑相关的语态搭配用法。
三、遣词造句、表达规范
初一英语作文用词要恰当,不可逐句把提示翻译成英语。写作时,应尽量选用你最熟悉、最有把握的词和句型来表达思想。如果有些单词不会些,有些句型不会表达,可以设法绕开,用熟悉的同义词、同义短语或同义句来代替。要学会善于运用适当的关联词,如and, or, but, so,because, since等,以使初一英语作文行文逻辑紧密,自然流畅。
四、认真撰写,卷面整洁
初一英语考试中也会有初一英语作文题,如果时间允许,书面表达一定要先写草稿。在抄写入答题卷前,要先进行检查修改。首先检查所写内容是否切题;之后检查主题是否明确,表达方式是否恰当;最后检查所用时态、语态、人称是否符合要求,前后是否一致。
英语写作常用名言
1.Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量 2.Live and learn. 活到老,学到老
3.The more you know, the more you find you don’t know. 知之愈多,便觉知之愈少
4.Never teach a fish to swim. 切勿班门弄斧
5.Never too old to learn; never too late to turn. 学习不厌老,改过不嫌迟 6.Better sense is the head than cents in the pocket. 口袋里有钱不如头脑里有知识
7. The greatest artist was once a beginner. 最伟大的艺术家也曾是个初学者 8.It’s never too late to learn. 活到老,学到老 9.A good book is a good friend. 好书如同挚友
10. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会学习不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻
11. A young idler, and old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
12. By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it.读书使人充实,交谈使人精明
13. Experience must be bought. 吃一堑,长一智
14. There is no royal road to learning. 学问无捷径
15. Imagination is more important than knowledge. 想象力比知识更重要 16. The empty vessels make the greatest sound. 满瓶不响,半瓶咣当
17. If you don’t learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.如果你年轻的时候没有学会思考,那么就永远学不会思考
18.There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.最有益的是知识,最有害的是无知
篇15:小说写作基础知识
全文共 4721 字
+ 加入清单【小说的概述】
小说的特点主要有三点:第一,以塑造人物形象为反映或表现生活的主要手段;第二, 有较完整、生动的情节;第三,有具体的、典型的环境描写。因此,人物、情节和环境被称 为"小说的三要素"。
小说的类别可分为:长篇小说,中篇小说,短篇小说和微型小说。在写作上,这四类小 说各有不同的要求。如短篇小说,它的篇幅和容量比较短小,一般二万字以下,两千字以上。 人物集中,故事单纯,结构紧凑。往往截取生活中富有典型性的某一侧面或片断加以集中描 绘,以提示社会生活的意义,"它往往只有一个主人公,一条线索;往往只写几个小时或几 天之内集中发生的事,但却使读者盾了以后可以联想到更远更多的事。"(茅盾)由于它借一 斑而窥全貌,以一目尽传精神,鲁迅把它譬之为"大伽蓝"中的"一雕栏一画础"。如他的 《狂人日记》、《风波》、《祝福》等。再如微型小说,它的篇幅更短,几十个字、几百个字至 一千多字。情节单一,人物很少。多取材于日常生活中的一件小事,寓有褒贬或哲理。如日 本现代作家星新一的《宝子姑娘》和我国当代一些作家的微型小说作品。小说家沙汀说:"我 以为小说之分为长篇、中篇和短篇,主要的差异并不在于字数,而在于表现方法。"这个说 法对初学写作者来说,很有指导意义;要从事不同类别的小说写作,不能不仔细研究并熟练 地掌握它们不同的表现方法。
【如何写作短篇小说】
一、充分准备,打好基础写作短篇小说与写作中、长篇小说一样,在写作前必须进行充分的准备。首先,在执笔 写小说之前,必须具有一定的思想修养和生活积累。其次,读过较多的文艺作品,喜爱文学 创作,有一定的文艺修养和文艺理论的基础常识。茅盾在《创作的准备》开头就指出:"世 界文学史上的巨人们留遗给我们的不朽的著作,以及他们毕生的文学事业的经历,就是这题 目--创作的准备的最完美的解答。理论家们从这些文学巨人们的业迹研究分析解释, 写了很多论文,数十万言一厚册,也就是给这题目作注脚。"再次,在写作小说之前,从事 过表达方法的基本练习,并从事过一般散文尤其是速写的写作练习。"一个初学写作者最好 多做些基本练习,不要急于写通常所谓小说,不要急于成篇。所谓基本练习,现在通行的速 写这一体,是可以用的。不过我觉得现今通行的速写还嫌太注重了形式上的完整,俨 然已是成篇的东西,而不是练习的草样了。作为初学写作者的基本练习的速写,不妨只有半 个面孔,或者一双手,一对眼。这应当是学习者观察中恍有所得时勾下来的草样,是将来的 精制品所必需的原料。许多草样斗合起来,融和起来,提炼起来,然后是成篇的小说。"(《茅 盾论创作》第358页)所以,我们要学习写作小说,必须从思想、生活、技巧各个方面下 苦功,打下坚实的基础。当然,对这个问题的认识不能绝对化。这并不是说,我们要等思想、 生活、技巧三关都完全过好之后再进行创作。不少青年作者的经验说明,初学写作者就是要 勇于创作实践,写是最好的基本训练。不要怕失败,失败是成功之母。小说创作和其它文体 的写作一样,没有什么捷径,小说的技巧只有自己从多次实践中逐步摸索出来。别人的技巧, 只能作借鉴,创作还是要靠自己。
二、认识生活,熟悉人物 创作需要生活,对生活不熟悉,不理解,就无法反映和表现生活。社会生活是文学艺术 的源泉,人是社会诸关系的总和,只有熟悉、理解社会生活,才能熟悉、理解各类人物。不 熟悉、不理解各类人物,就无法进行以塑造人物形象为中心的小说写作。茅盾在谈他怎样开 始小说创作时说:"我是真实地去生活、经验了动乱中国的最复杂的人生的一幕,终于得了 幻灭的悲哀,人生的矛盾,在消沉的心情下,孤寂的生活中,而尚受生活执着的支配,想要 以我的生命力的余烬从别方面在这迷乱灰色的人生内发一星微光,于是我开始创作了。我不 是为的要做小说,然后去经验人生。"他还说;"好管闲事是我们做小说的人最要紧的事,你 要去听,要去问。"(《创作的准备》)因此,一个小说作者应像阿·托尔斯泰说的那样:"他 溶化在生活洪流之中,溶化在集体之中;他是一个参加者。"
小说写作需要的生活不是指日常生活、饮食男女之类,能成为小说素材的"生活",至少应该有三个条件:
1.具有较鲜明、生动的形象;
2.具有独特性;
3.具有一定的思想 内涵。因此,当作者在观察生活的时候,无论对人物、对故事、对环境,都应从上述三点出 发,勇敢地扬弃那些琐屑的、纷纷扰扰的"流水帐",抓住真正有用的写作素材,渗透作者 的思想、感情,使生活素材逐渐变成自己的东西。 三、严格选材,深入开掘 1931年,沙汀和艾芜写信给鲁迅,请教短篇小说的题材问题。鲁迅回信说:"只要 所写的是可以成为艺术品的东西,那就无论他所描写的是什么事情,所使用的是什么材料, 对于现代以及将来一定是有贡献的意义的?quot;"两位是可以各就自己现在能写的题材,动手来 写的。不过选材要严,开掘要深,不可将一点琐屑的没有意思的事故,便填成一篇,以创作 丰富自乐。" 高尔基也说过:"在短篇小说中,正如在机器上一样,不应该有一个多余的螺丝钉,尤 其是不应该有多余的零件。" 这就告诉我们,写作短篇小说必须严格选择题材,深入开掘。那末,短篇小说怎样进行题材的选择和主题的开掘呢?
【小说的选材】
短篇小说的选材要做到:
(一)撷新去陈,根据时代需要选材。短篇小说的题材是没有什么限制的,凡是人类涉 足的领域、产生的事件,都可以经过选择作为作品的题材。但是,从美学价值和社会意义来 考虑,我们就必须撷新去陈,尽量选择我们这个时代、这个社会所需要的题材来写。
(二)以小见大,根据体裁特点选材。短篇小说这种体裁的形式特点,要求作者不能象 写长篇小说那样写人生的纵剖面,而必须写人生的横断面,就象是横着锯断一棵树,察看年 轮可以知道树龄一样,短篇小说虽写人生中的一角、一段,也就可以窥见整个人生。鲁迅、 茅盾、巴金等作家为了在短篇小说中反映他们所处的时代,在写作短篇小说时,都是选取主 人公人生道路上的某一段作为题材的。因此,有经验的小说家在谈创作经验时就指出,创作 短篇小说必须善于"截取"、"选择"。如王蒙在《谈短篇小说的创作技巧》中就说过,短篇 小说构思的很重要的一点就是要"从广阔的、浩如烟海的生活事件里,选定你要下手的部位。 它可能是一个精彩的故事,它可能是一个给人留下了深刻印象的人物,它可能是一个美好的 画面,它也可能是深深埋在你的心底的一点回忆,一点情绪,一点印象,而且你自己还一时 说不清楚。这个过程叫作从大到小,从面到点,你必须选择这样一个小,否则,你就无 从构思无从下笔,就会不知道自己写什么。"
(三)扬长避短,根据自己生活选材。一般来说,作者应该写自己熟悉的题材,因为这 些题材是在自己的生活中积累的大量素材的基础上提炼出来的,写起来容易驾驭,而且能写 得生动、深刻。当代小说家中的佼佼者大多是从写自己生活经历中的人和事开始走上小说创 作道路的。 选材是短篇小说写作中的第一个重要的环节。选材的目的在于从大量的素材中选取可以 写入小说中的题材--生活中有典型意义的片断。要达到这个目的,我们必须具有从纷纭的 生活现象中"捕捉"题材的能力。这种"捕捉"生活中有典型意义的片断的能力,对于小说 创作极为重要。茅盾在他的《短篇小说选集后记》中指出:"在横的方面,如果对于社会生 活的各样环节茫然无知;在纵的方面如果对于社会生活的发展方向看不清,那么,你就很少 可能在繁复的社会现象中,恰好地选取了最有代表性、即具有深刻的思想的一事一物,作为 短篇小说的题材。"所以,短篇小说在选材时,不能只着眼于事件的故事性和吸引力,而要 着眼于把生活的侧面、片断放到整个时代的背景上去考察,要把握住社会的"纵"的和"横" 的两个方面,善于从平凡的日常生活现象中捕捉住不平凡的东西,从而由时代和社会的一角 反映出时代和社会的全貌,使读者从生活海洋中的一朵浪花看出奔腾澎湃的大海。
【刻画小说人物】
在写作中,小说人物典型化的具体方法有两种:
第一种,以生活中的某一个原型为主,加以概括、想象和虚构,从而创造出典型人物。 例如,鲁迅的《狂人日记》中的狂人,原型是他的一个表兄弟。鲁迅结合平时对黑暗社会的 多方见闻,改造了这个疯人形象的内容,赋予人物以深刻的社会意义,从而塑造出了狂人这 个艺术典型。
第二种,在广泛地集中、概括众多人物的基础上塑造出典型人物。这就是鲁迅说的"杂 取种种人,合成一个"的方法。巴尔扎克在谈人物塑造时指出:"为了塑造一个美丽的形象, 就取这个模特儿的手,取另一个模特儿的脚,取这个的胸,取那个的骨。艺术家的使命就是 把生命灌注到所塑造的人体里去把描给变成现实。如果他只是想去临摹一个现实的女人,那 么他的作品就不能引起人们的兴趣,读者干脆就会把这未加修饰的真实扔到一边去。"
在刻划小说人物时,还应注意以下三个问题:
(一)小说中的人物和真实人物不同。他是作者虚构的,而这种虚构的人物来自小说作 者的心灵之中,是融有作者的血肉、灵魂、性格、气质的"臆造"的人物。小说中的人物生 活在小说的国度里,这个国度是一个叙述者与创造者合而为一的世界。英国小说家福斯特在 《小说面面观》中指出:小说人物在人生中的五项主要活动--出生、饮食、睡眠、爱情和 死亡等方面,都有不同于真实人物的特点。只要他了解他们透彻入理,只要他们是他的创作 物,他就有权要怎么写就怎么写。这就说明:小说人物由于是作者展开想象、通过虚构创造 的,因此他不同于生活中的真实人物。学习小说写作,不能不首先明白这个问题。
(二)小说人物与作者自我之间是一种既矛盾又统一的关系。莫泊桑在《谈小说创作》中告 诉我们:作者写的不管是什么人物,"我们所表现的终究是我们自己","我们要使人物各各 不同,就只有改变他们的年龄、性别、社会地位和我们自我的生活情况,这自我是 大自然用不可越逾的器官限制所形成的。""要使读者在我们用来隐藏自我的各种面具下 不能把这自我辨认出来,这才是巧妙的手法。"
(三)小说人物的个性特征需要通过真实的细节描写体现出来。在小说写作中,细节描 写对人物的个性化具有头等重要的意义。真实的典型的细节首先是行动方面的,也可以是语 言方面的,或者是心理活动方面的,以及其它方面的。作家刘真从创作中体会到:"作品中 的细节,就象活人身上的细胞,是艺术作品的灵魂,所谓作品的高度,深度,是由它的细部 来决定的。""一个细节很难构成一篇小说,可它常常是一篇小说的引线或基础。"
【构思故事,安排情节】
"故事是小说的基本面,没有故事就没有小说。这是所有小说都具有的最高要素。小说家的技巧首先在于会说故事。"
故事是什么呢?"故事是一些按时间顺序排列的事件的叙述--早餐后中餐,星期一后 是星期二,死亡后腐烂等等。就故事在小说中的地位而言,它只有一个优点:使读者想要知 道下一步将发生什么。……故事虽是最低下和最简陋的文学肌体,却是小说这种非常复杂肌 体中的最高因素。"
然而,初学写作者必须了解,小说的故事和一般意义上的故事是有很大区别的。小说的 故事都是虚构的,但是这种虚构--臆造由于作者充分发挥了想象,并进行了巧妙的组织, 读者会觉得比现实生活中的事件还要真实可信。当然,发挥想象构思故事绝对不是毫无根据 地胡思乱想,胡编瞎造,而是以现实生活中的矛盾冲突作 为构成作品情节的基础,从错综复杂的矛盾冲突和形形色色的生活事件中,选取最能展示人 物性格的事件,经过提炼的加工改造的功夫,构成富有表现力的情节。这种提炼的加工改造, 就是情节典型化的过程。
以上的小说写作基础知识你get到了吗?
篇16:写作基础:读后感的基本写作方法
全文共 1843 字
+ 加入清单在读过一篇文章或一本书之后,把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来,写成的文章就叫“读后感”。小编收集了写作基础:读后感的基本写作方法,欢迎阅读。
一、读后感的概念
读后感的概念有两重含义:一是真实的、不受任何约束的读后感,二是一种作文的体裁,考试时要接受各种条件的约束。下面这篇读后感,就接近于第一种读后感。写这种读后感,主要是给自己看的,一定要真实,有什么感想(当然感想应当有意义,值得一写)就写什么感想,与心得笔记不同,它要展开来写,尽量像一篇文章,尽量写得生动、实在、深刻。一般应当写清楚读了什么,有什么感想,联想到了什么,对自己有什么作用等。它不追求文体、格式框框,写起来也可长可短。
二、读后感的写法
写读后感最重要的一点是要读出所读书籍或者文章的“眼睛”,它是你展开来写的基础、中心和出发点,这个问题我们已经在上一讲里说过了,这里就不多讲了。其次,写读后感,有它一定的规矩,有的书上把它归纳为“引、议、联、结”,四个字,想公式一样。对于这些规矩我们不可以不学,考试时只要内容有创意,套用这种公式未尝不可;但我们也不要受其所限,写成千篇一律的“八股文”,也可尝试在结构上有自己的创意,有自己的个性。但不管怎样,读后感也离不开“读”——对原文的引述、概括、评价等等,离不开“感”——自己的感想。只要把这两个字表达好了,就是好的读后感。
三、写读后感的基本技巧
在读过一篇文章或一本书之后,把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来,写成的文章就叫“读后感”。
读后感的基本思路
(1)简述原文有关内容。如所读书、文的篇名、作者、写作年代,以及原书或原文的内容概要。写这部分内容是为了交代感想从何而来,并为后文的议论作好铺垫。这部分一定要突出一个“简”字,决不能大段大段地叙述所读书、文的具体内容,而是要简述与感想有直接关系的部分,略去与感想无关的东西。
(2)亮明基本观点。选择感受最深的一点,用一个简洁的句子明确表述出来。这样的句子可称为“观点句”。这个观点句表述的,就是这篇文章的中心论点。“观点句”在文中的位置是可以灵活的,可以在篇首,也可以在篇末或篇中。初学写作的同学,最好采用开门见山的方法,把观点写在篇首。
(3)围绕基本观点摆事实讲道理。这部分就是议论文的本论部分,是对基本观点(即中心论点)的阐述,通过摆事实讲道理证明观点的正确性,使论点更加突出、更有说服力。这个过程应注意的是,所摆事实、所讲道理都必须紧紧围绕基本观点,为基本观点服务。
(4)围绕基本观点联系实际。一篇好的读后感应当有时代气息,有真情实感。要做到这一点,必须善于联系实际。这“实际”可以是个人的思想、言行、经历,也可以是某种社会现象。联系实际时也应当注意紧紧围绕基本观点,为观点服务,而不能盲目联系、前后脱节。
以上四点是写读后感的基本思路,但是这思路不是一成不变的,要善于灵活掌握。比如,“简述原文”一般在“亮明观点”前,但二者先后次序互换也是可以的。再者,如果在第三个步骤摆事实讲道理时所摆的事实就是社会现象或个人经历,就不必再写第四个部分了。
四、写读后感应注意的问题
第一是要重视“读”
在“读”与“感”的关系中,“读”是“感”的前提、基础;“感”是“读”的延伸或者说结果。必须先“读”而后“感”,不“读”则无“感”。因此,要写读后感首先要读懂原文,要准确把握原文的基本内容,正确理解原文的中心思想和关键语句的含义,深入体会作者的写作目的和文中表达的思想感情。
第二是要准确选择感受点
读完一本书或一篇文章,会有许多感想和体会;对同样一本书或一篇文章,不同的人从不同的角度思考问题,更是会产生不同的看法、受到不同的启迪。以大家熟知的“滥竽充数”成语故事为例,从讽刺南郭先生的角度去思考,可以领悟到没有真本领蒙混过日子的人早晚要“露馅”,认识到掌握真才实学的重要性;若是考虑在齐宣王时南郭先生能混下去的原因,就可以想到领导者要有实事求是的领导作风,不能搞华而不实,否则会给混水摸鱼的人留下空子可钻;再要从管理体制的角度去思考,就可进一步认识到齐宣王的“大锅饭”缺少必要的考评机制,为南郭先生一类的人提供了饱食终日混日子的客观条件,从而联想到改革开放以来,打破“铁饭碗”,废除大锅饭的必要性。
一篇读后感,不能写出诸多的感想或体会,这就要加以选择。作为初学者,就要选择自己感受最深又觉得有话可说的一点来写。要注意把握分析问题的角度,注意联系自己的实际情况,从众多的头绪中选择最恰当的感受点,作为全文议论的中心。
篇17:小学生写景作文的写作基础
全文共 1528 字
+ 加入清单大自然物换星移、雨雪云雾,一山一水,一草一木,甚至人们生活的一些环境。下面是小编分享的小学生写景作文的写作基础,欢迎大家阅读!
一、仔细观察,抓住景物特点。
第一要抓时序的特点。春夏秋冬,一年四季或晨、午、黄昏一天早晚,景色自然不一样。比如:《高大的皂荚树》中:“春天,下小雨啦。皂荚树为我们遮挡着,雨滴就不会很快调下来。我们就能够像平常一样,在操场上做体操,做游戏。夏天,暴烈的太阳当头照。有了皂荚树的遮挡,烈日就只能投下星星点点的光斑。我们活动在操场上觉得格外凉爽。秋天,皂荚树上许许多多得皂荚儿成熟了,那样子,就像常见得大扁豆。高年级得同学爬上树去,用带钩子得小竹竿把皂荚儿钩下来。小同学呢,把它们捡进筐里,交给老师。冬天,皂荚树落叶了。枯黄的小叶子,打着旋儿,不断地飘落,在地上铺一层一层。这时候,我们就把树叶扫到一起,堆放在墙脚下。”这些片断作者抓住了皂荚树在一年四季的不同特点,反映了作者对校园皂荚树的喜爱和赞美之情。
第二要抓场所的特点。
写景的文章有的指明了场所的,如《街头一景》、《校园春色》,就要把“校园”、“街头”、等这些场所的特点写出来。
第三要抓景色的特点。
不同的风景点特点是不同的,如有的是山景为主,有的以奇石闻名,有的借江湖增光,就应当抓住这些不同的特点,写出景物的个性。如:《火烧云》中:“这地方的火烧云变化极多,一会儿红彤彤的,一会儿金灿灿的,一会儿半紫半黄,一会儿半灰半百合色。葡萄灰,梨黄,茄子紫,这些颜色天空都有,还有些说也说不出来,见也没见过的颜色。”这个片断作者抓住了火烧云的色彩绚丽的特点进行描写的,从而反映了火烧云的美。
二、动静结合,写好景物特点。
在写景作文中,景物有静态与动态的区别。自然景色总是沉静的,但又都在不断地运动与变化之中。写景时既要注意静态的景,又在善于看出景中的动态,做到静中有动,动中有静,动静结合。描写时或先写静态后写动态,或先写动态后写静态,使景物处于静态与动态时的特征和谐完美地呈现在读者面前,只有这样,才能使文章中的景色特点“活”起来。如《第一场雪》中:“落光了叶子的柳树上,挂满了毛茸茸、亮晶晶地银条儿;冬夏常青地松树和柏树,堆满了蓬松松、沉甸甸的雪球。一阵风吹来,树枝轻轻地摇晃,银条儿和雪球儿簌簌地落下来,玉屑似的雪末儿随风飘扬,映着清晨的阳光,显出一道道五光十色的彩虹……
三、以情观景,借景抒情。
写景物的作文,不是为了写景而写景,它最终的目的是要表达人的一种情感。关键在于处理好“景”与“情”的关系。景与情贵在溶合,景中有情、情中有景,才能达到水乳交融、不可分离的境界。在方法上,可多加运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法,使景物带有人的特点,让写实与想象完美结合在一起。一篇优美的文章只有渗透了作者的真情实感,才能更好地表达文章中心,准确地抒发作者的情怀,使读者也能从课文美的文字中真切体会到景美物美,以及作者对景物的喜爱。如:《夕照》中:“太阳被裹上了橘黄色,没有了刺眼的光芒,稳稳地站在那排杨树上,没有丝毫衰老的样子。柔柔的光泻下来,给砖瓦房镀上一层华丽的金黄;房顶顿时化作一汪晶莹的湖水,每一片瓦都跳跃着的:“波纹”是夕阳得意的杰作。那平静的“湖面”难道不是被它踩碎的吗?啊,它和我一样调皮!”作者运用一连串的比喻和巧妙的拟人手法,写出了夕阳的柔美,落山时调皮的模样,使夕阳有了情感,有了生命活力,充分抒发了作者对夕阳的赞美,对夕阳的喜爱之情。
总的来说,写好景物就要抓住景物的特点,根据所写景物的特点,有所侧重地选择景物描写方法,写时要展开丰富的联想,并融入自己的真情实感。平时要多观察、多练习,把你所看到的最美的景色写出来,让读者感到鲜明生动,有身临其境之感。
[小学生写景作文的写作基础
篇18:2024高考英语写作素材精选:冬至的由来
全文共 1979 字
+ 加入清单The winter solstice, the winter solstice as the "holiday" in han dynasty, the rulers to congratulate ceremony known as "He Dong", official holidays, routine officialdom popular each "winter" worship custom. "Were" has such records: "before and after the winter solstice, the gentleman place static body, baiguan, scenes, and then pick an auspicious day Chen save trouble." So on the court and off to rest, to the army on standby, frontier retreat, business travel out of business, family and all distinctions to food, visit each other, a joyous festival "place static body". When in the six dynasties, the winter solstice is called "the age", people to elders to extend holiday greetings to your parents; After the song dynasty, the winter solstice festival gradually become the sacrifice to ancestors and gods.
Tang and song period, the winter solstice is to worship the day of worship ancestors, the emperor held outside the day to worship, the people in this day to the parents or elders worship. Ming and qing dynasties, the emperor have to worship, of "winter solstice jiao days". There has to be given to a emperor, table officials ritual, but also to each other for congratulations, like New Years day.
Winter festival also called yesterday, hand in winter. It is one of the 24 solar terms, is a traditional festival of China, have "the winter solstice as big as a year". Winter solstice supplements, is Chinas traditional customs, folksay: fill a lump-sum winter, in the coming year without pain. Summer volts, winter lump-sum. The winter solstice mend, nutrients.
冬至到了,汉代以冬至为“冬节”,官府要举行祝贺仪式称为“贺冬”,官方例行放假,官场流行互贺的“拜冬”礼俗。《后汉书》中有这样的记载:“冬至前后,君子安身静体,百官绝事,不听政,择吉辰而后省事。”所以这天朝廷上下要放假休息,军队待命,边塞闭关,商旅停业,亲朋各以美食相赠,相互拜访,欢乐地过一个“安身静体”的节日。魏晋六朝时,冬至称为“亚岁”,民众要向父母长辈拜节;宋朝以后,冬至逐渐成为祭祀祖先和神灵的节庆活动。
唐、宋时期,冬至是祭天祀祖的日子,皇帝在这天要到郊外举行祭天大典,百姓在这一天要向父母尊长祭拜。明、清两代,皇帝均有祭天大典,谓之“冬至郊天”。宫内有百官向皇帝呈递贺表的仪式,而且还要互相投刺祝贺,就像元旦一样。
冬至节亦称冬节、交冬。它既是二十四节气之一,是中国的一个传统节日,曾有“冬至大如年”的说法。冬至进补,是我国传统风俗,俗语云:三九补一冬,来年无病痛。夏养三伏,冬补三九。冬至补一补,一年精气足。
篇19:考研英语:应用文写作之感谢信
全文共 2273 字
+ 加入清单大纲对应用文写作的评价目标是:考生应能根据所设情景,写出不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。写作时。考生应能:
1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当;
2)遵循文章的特定问题格式;
3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;
4)根据写作目的和特定读者,选用恰当语域。
应用文写作不需要华丽的辞藻和多变的句式,只需要能够用简洁概括的语言将事情叙述清楚就能够取得不错的成绩。应用文写作作为考研英语中性价比比较高的题目,考生必须重视对其复习。应用文写作可以充分借鉴模板,以达到更好的复习效果。下面,就为考生介绍一下感谢信的基本写作方法。
感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出,感激之情要传达得真挚自然,不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样,比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦时安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴会等等。其内容包括:1)表达感激之情2)回顾事情的经过 3)肯定对方帮助的价值以及对自己的影响,表达自己回报的愿望。
常用套语有:
1表达感激之情:
Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…
Im writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …
On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…
2肯定对方帮助的价值及影响:
You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…
3表达回报的愿望:
I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. 感谢信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。
此类感谢信的内容不只是感谢,而是一般感谢信和求职信的结合。其主要内容包括:(1)感谢对方给你面谈的机会,并注明你面试的时间和所求的职位;(2) 说明你对该公司、该职位的兴趣,强调你的知识与技能符合公司的需要,表示自己能为公司的发展做出贡献。也可以补充说明或澄清在面谈中忽略或没有讲明的问题 (3)重申你对该职位的兴趣,主动提供更多的材料,表示期待他们的消息。
Directions: You have just attended an interview in Apfel Incorporated for the position of marketing analyst. Write a letter of appreciation to the interviewer Mr. David Wayne. Your letter should include the following points:
1) express your appreciation for the interview
2) tell about your job-related skills and experience
实例:
Dear Mr. Wayne,
Thank you very much for taking the time from your busy schedule last Friday to interview me for the marketing analyst position at Apfel Incorporated. After our meeting, I am convinced that your company is an excellent place for my career.
I am extremely excited about the position and believe that my skills are a good match for the company. As you may remember, I completed a project that is similar in nature to the work I
would be doing at your company. I believe that I could make an immediate contribution to Apfel Incorporated.
Please let me know if I can provide you with any additional information about my background or goals. My email address is LiMing@yahoo.com, and my phone number is 12345678. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
篇20:高中生英语写作基础
全文共 652 字
+ 加入清单一、优化词汇输入教学,丰富词汇知识积累
词汇是一篇文章最基本的组 成要素。头脑中如果没有一定数量的、且处于鲜活状态的词汇,就无法写出好文章。要写出好的文章,就必须善于从众多的词语中选择和运用最恰当的词语。因此, 加强词汇教学、扩大和丰富学生的词汇量是提高学生写作能力的基础工作。克拉申的“语言输入假说模式”认为:正确和恰当的语言输入将会使语言学习的效果更 佳。
最佳语言输入的两个必要条件:
1)密切相关的
2)大量的。因此,将密切相关的常用词汇、习惯搭配适当集中教学,反复归纳、不断循环和强化是较好的词 汇输入方法,同时也保证了常用词汇在头脑中的鲜活状态,为写作输出提供可靠保障。
二、加强基础写作训练,活化基础知识积累
在学生写作过程中,我们 常常会发现许多学生的词汇量与运用能力不成正比的现象,写作中经常出现词汇贫乏和用词不当等问题。这种问题的出现实际上是学生获得的知识没有有效的活化。 配合词汇和句型教学,教师可以经常以所教学词汇为关键词拟定一些与时事或生活相关的话题,让学生用词、句做翻译练习,一段时间(4-5天)之后,再让学生 用这些词、句进行写作,多写多练以达到活化知识的目的。
三、广泛阅读,拓展知识积累
“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作 诗也会吟”。在大量的阅读过程中,可使学生开拓视野,拓展知识,增加语感,为写作提供必要的语言材料。写作和阅读是互相促进、相辅相成的。有些词汇和句 型,学生只是似曾相识,通过广泛的阅读能促使学生把这些东西运用得更熟练,表达得更准确。反过来,这也会有效地提高学生的阅读理解能力。