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10002024高考英语写作素材精选：冬至的由来
全文共 1979 字
+ 加入清单The winter solstice, the winter solstice as the "holiday" in han dynasty, the rulers to congratulate ceremony known as "He Dong", official holidays, routine officialdom popular each "winter" worship custom. "Were" has such records: "before and after the winter solstice, the gentleman place static body, baiguan, scenes, and then pick an auspicious day Chen save trouble." So on the court and off to rest, to the army on standby, frontier retreat, business travel out of business, family and all distinctions to food, visit each other, a joyous festival "place static body". When in the six dynasties, the winter solstice is called "the age", people to elders to extend holiday greetings to your parents; After the song dynasty, the winter solstice festival gradually become the sacrifice to ancestors and gods.
Tang and song period, the winter solstice is to worship the day of worship ancestors, the emperor held outside the day to worship, the people in this day to the parents or elders worship. Ming and qing dynasties, the emperor have to worship, of "winter solstice jiao days". There has to be given to a emperor, table officials ritual, but also to each other for congratulations, like New Years day.
Winter festival also called yesterday, hand in winter. It is one of the 24 solar terms, is a traditional festival of China, have "the winter solstice as big as a year". Winter solstice supplements, is Chinas traditional customs, folksay: fill a lump-sum winter, in the coming year without pain. Summer volts, winter lump-sum. The winter solstice mend, nutrients.
冬至到了，汉代以冬至为“冬节”，官府要举行祝贺仪式称为“贺冬”，官方例行放假，官场流行互贺的“拜冬”礼俗。《后汉书》中有这样的记载：“冬至前后，君子安身静体，百官绝事，不听政，择吉辰而后省事。”所以这天朝廷上下要放假休息，军队待命，边塞闭关，商旅停业，亲朋各以美食相赠，相互拜访，欢乐地过一个“安身静体”的节日。魏晋六朝时，冬至称为“亚岁”，民众要向父母长辈拜节;宋朝以后，冬至逐渐成为祭祀祖先和神灵的节庆活动。
唐、宋时期，冬至是祭天祀祖的日子，皇帝在这天要到郊外举行祭天大典，百姓在这一天要向父母尊长祭拜。明、清两代，皇帝均有祭天大典，谓之“冬至郊天”。宫内有百官向皇帝呈递贺表的仪式，而且还要互相投刺祝贺，就像元旦一样。
冬至节亦称冬节、交冬。它既是二十四节气之一，是中国的一个传统节日，曾有“冬至大如年”的说法。冬至进补，是我国传统风俗，俗语云：三九补一冬，来年无病痛。夏养三伏，冬补三九。冬至补一补,一年精气足。
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篇1：关于缅怀先烈的语文写作素材
全文共 3703 字
+ 加入清单导语：.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的缅怀先烈的句子摘抄，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
1.没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。
2.“桃花红雨英雄血，碧海丹霞志士心。今日神州看奋起，陵园千古慰忠魂!”
3.每次望见五星红旗，就想到你们，各位先烈，是你们的献血染红了它!
4.走近革命义士留念碑，烙印着他们每一个人动摇的信奉!这时，我面前映现了黄继光的高大形象!
5.向革命先烈致敬!感谢先烈们用生命和鲜血换来我们今天的幸福生活!生的伟大，死的光荣!你们的精神永垂不朽!
6.我们手捧鲜花，泪雨洒在了鲜花，给鲜花洒上了一层悲痛。我们悄悄地瞻仰着，深切怀念革命好汉们。
7.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点，我也因此对他们产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。
8.在中国这方热土上，有无数仁人志士，为了民族的解放国家的独立和人民的幸福，抛头颅洒热血，谱写了一篇篇悲壮激越的历史篇章。
9.缅怀革命先烈，黄继光董存瑞还有许多革命先烈，他们为了我们美好的生活，拼死拼活，我们要永远记住它们。没有他们就没有我们今天的美好幸福的生活。我们要好好学习，为国争光。
10.义勇军进行曲当着优美激昂的旋律在耳畔响起，你是否想过，今天我们的幸福生活是谁为我们开阔的，那就是我们革命先烈辛苦奋斗得来的，他们用了多少革命烈士的献血换来的幸福生活，换来我们祖国的繁荣富强。
11.我们怀着悲痛而沉重的心情来到南山寺烈士陵园，缅怀为了祖国的解放和人民的安宁而英勇牺牲的战士，瞻仰他们的丰功伟绩。烈士陵园是那么庄严肃穆，让人不由得肃然起敬。我们先排好了整齐的队伍，然后按要求站好队，认真地聆听主持人的致词。我抬头瞻仰墓碑，墓碑上写者：革命烈士永垂不朽!我想，如果世界上有永垂不朽，那么我相信那是一种精神不悔。我们的先烈们就有这样的不悔，不悔为革命的付出。所以，他们理应受到敬仰!
12.这一座座的墓碑，就代表着一份份的忠诚。他们拼命的战斗难道不是为了祖国的明天，祖国的未来吗?红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话--他们生的伟大，死的光荣。
13.我们的幸福生活是来之不易的，是靠先辈们的辛苦奋战才得来的，是经历许许多多场战争才换来我们美好的今天，才换来我们今天的幸福生活，先烈们的奉献是无私的，是伟大的，更是无可取代的。让我们从现在开始，把先烈的这种精神传扬下去。开创我们更美好的明天。
14.青山来自于土壤，大海来自于溪流，高楼来自于地基，生命来自于母亲。一切有因有果，而我们中国的现在来自于先烈。我心中有一份感激，我无法用语言来表达，但是用最朴实的语句来说：“谢谢!”
15.是他们的生命换来了中国繁荣的今天，是他们的鲜血染红了遍地的桃花。我们怎能忘记这一段段可歌可泣的悲壮史诗?我们怎能忘记那一张张曾经鲜活的面容?让我们静静的追思，深深地缅怀，把最深情的思念和最崇高的敬意，寄托在这鲜花中，让它陪伴在先烈的左右。
16.革命先烈们，你们为人民的利益而死，你们的死重于泰山，你们与青山同在，你们与大地永存。你们永远是我们心中的一块丰碑。
17.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点。
18.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!
19.无数的革命先烈抛头颅，撒热血，用鲜血和生命换来我们今天的幸福生活，我要好好学习，珍惜今天的幸福生活，把我们祖国建设的更加繁荣富强!
20.又是一年的清明节，我们在这里缅怀先烈。我们要争做文明学生，创建文明校园。在这些先辈面前，立下不悔誓言，请举起右手，让我们一起宣誓：热爱祖国追求真理，立志成为“有理想有道德有文化有纪律”的一代新人，遵守学生道德行为规范，诚实守信，严格自律，树立良好学风，做一个有道德的人，将来为祖国的繁荣富强作出贡献!
21.我对革命烈士产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。
22.炮声隆隆硝烟洋溢，一个个战士奋勇争先地跟敌人拼命时间如流水，一下子就愉到了拂晓，只见一个身影刚强地向火力点爬去，就在那最后一刻，他张开双臂，向炎力点猛扑从前，用本人的胸膛堵住了敌人的枪口，时光就定格在这一霎时，他是谁?他就是--黄继光。
23.清明节是一个悼念的日子，清明雨纷纭，淅沥不停，那是天在哭，那是每一个人怀念眼泪，走近烈士纪念碑，我们仰望---看到的不是一个普一般通的一片气象，月夜下，好像看到峥嵘岁月中的一个豪杰身影……
24.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。
25.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。
26.谢谢你们为了我们更好滴生活，献出了宝贵的生命。我们会好好珍惜，努力学习你们的精神。将来长大后把我们的国家建设的更加美丽!
27.在米高的纪念碑上写着周恩来总理的题词“革命烈士永世长存”我们就在那里举行了主题大队会，歌声是那么响亮，朗读是那么蜜意，吹奏是那么悦耳，我们无比的冲动，默默地告慰着我们心中的英雄。
28.我热爱烈士，热爱祖国，我为自己是中国人而感到骄傲自豪。我将永远的把自己的一生奉献给祖国。中国有辉煌的历史，有铁一般的热血男儿，有着那种致死不悔的精神，我要做一个堂堂正正的中国人，我祖国的未业而奉献一切。我是革命烈士的后继者，我一生的求学难道不是为了这个目的吗?作为身为中国人的我，去继承先烈的遗志是理所当然的。我真想像烈士那样，做到永垂不朽。我这个报效祖国的决心是无法动摇的。
29.一进摆设馆，最抢眼的就是那幅大型油画，画的是红军步队正在艰巨的爬着山峰，战士们的脚下都是万丈深渊，稍有不慎就会损失性命，可是兵士们并不被艰苦吓倒，他们咬着牙，艰苦的向上爬着爬着，永往直前。
30.今天的鸟语花香，源于您满腔的热血;今天农民伯伯的五谷丰收，是您金灿灿的心愿……我们不能忘记，我们怎能忘记。烈士们的抛头颅，洒热血。安息吧!成睡在地下的英烈们!你们是不朽的，即使再沉睡上一万年，也永远会被人们流传下去!
31.红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话他们生的伟大，死的光荣。
32.只要想着这些革命先烈，我就会觉得自己是多么的美好，在这个富裕的社会主义国家中，我是多么的美满和幸福，而在那个艰苦的斗争社会中，哪有如此美好的生活。我要郑重的烈士们说：“伟大的革命先烈们，你们的斗争胜利了，我们青一代少年将再次继承你们努力开辟下来的光辉道路，我们将要去建设祖国的明天，我会认真的学习，学好本领，长在后再继续工作建设祖国，你们安歇吧!我会努力去做的，我敬爱的烈士们。
33.年年祭扫先人墓，处处有犹长春风，学习先烈革命精神，为振兴中华建功立业，不忘烈士抛忠骨，民族复兴中国梦。清明节到了，今天是无数革命先烈用鲜血和革命换来的，没有你们，我们的祖国也不会繁荣昌盛，我要好好学习。没有你们的英勇献身，就没有我们今天的幸福生活!是你们用铮铮铁骨，托起明天的太阳!是你们用不屈不挠的大无畏，铸就祖国的辉煌!你们的英名永垂不朽，你们的精神万古长青!向你们致敬!向你们学学习!
篇2：高考英语书面表达之写作常用谚语
全文共 3472 字
+ 加入清单导语：When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜於雄辩。
Adversity leads to prosperity.
逆境迎向昌盛。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑，长一智。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友。
A friend is a second self.
朋友是另一个我。
A friend is best found in adversity.
患难见真友。
All time is no time when it is past.
光阴一去不复返。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.
只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。
A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.
远亲不如近邻。
An idle youth, a needy age.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
Business before pleasure.
事业在先，享乐在後。
Diligence is near success.
勤奋近乎成功。
Diligence is the mother of good luck.
刻苦是成功之母。
Diligence is the mother of success.
勤奋是成功之母。
Education has for its object the formation of character.
教育的目的在於培养品德。
Every brave man is a man of his word.
勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。
Every man is the architect of his own fortune.
每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。
Every man is the master of his own fortune.
每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
Faith will move mountains.
精诚所至，金石为开。
Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.
友谊是两人一条心。
Grasp all, lose all.
贪多必失。
He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.
没有知识，才是贫穷。
Health is above wealth.
健康胜於财富。
Health is better than wealth.
健康胜於财富。
He who does not advance falls backward.
不进则退。
Honesty is the best policy.
诚实是上策。
Hope is life and life is hope.
希望才有人生，人生要有希望。
Idle young, needy old.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
If you dont aim high you will never hit high.
不立大志，难攀高峰。
I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.
成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。
Improve your time and your time will improve you.
珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。
In doing we learn.
行而知。
Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.
勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。
In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.
在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。
It is dogged does it.
天下无难事，只怕有心人。
Judge not according to the appearance.
不要以貌取人。
Labour is often the father of pleasure.
勤劳常为快乐之源。
Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
Like tree, like fruit.
有其因必有其果。
Manners make the man.
礼貌造就人。
Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.
抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。
Never too old to learn.
学到老，学不了。
No great loss without some small gain.
塞翁失马，安知非福。
No one can call back yesterday.
往日不复返。
No sooner said than done.
言而必行。
No sweet without some sweat.
不劳则无获。
Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Nothing is impossible to willing mind .
有志者事竟成。
Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.
天下无难事，只怕不努力。
Nothing is really beautiful but truth.
只有真理才是真美。
No time like the present.
只争朝夕。
One cannot put back the clock.
光阴一去不复返。
Overdone is worse than undone.
过犹不及。
Paddle your own canoe.
自立更生，自食其力。
Perseverance is vital to success.
不屈不挠是成功之本。
Second thoughts are best.
三思而行，再思可也。
Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.
自信是英雄的本色。
Self-trust is the first secret of success.
自信是成功的首要秘诀。
Success belongs to the persevering.
坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。
Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.
成功来自於克服困难的斗争。
The first element of success is the determination to succeed.
成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。
The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.
懂得越多，就越知道自己懂得不多。
Union is strength.
团结就是力量。
Virtue is a jewel of great price.
美德是无价之宝。
Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.
浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。
When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.
没有希望就不会努力。
Without a friend the world is a wilderness.
没有朋友，世界就等於一片荒野。
You cannot judge a tree by its bark.
人不可貌相。
篇3：我的兴趣爱好是阅读
全文共 367 字
+ 加入清单每个人都有自己的爱好，面我的爱好就是看书。
记得有一次，我和爸爸妈妈一起去书城看书，忽然一个电话响起来了，爸爸被公司叫去了，爸爸说：“公司里有点儿事，我先走了，你们在这里看书吧！办完事我再过来。”我毫无反应，我当时已经被那本《安徒生童话》吸引住了。我为卖火柴的小女孩伤心，为聪明的汉斯高兴，为美人鱼深深的叹息，为拇指姑娘暗暗的叫好！真没想到这本书里，有这么多精彩的故事，我贪婪地看着书中的每一个文字，不知不觉的到了中午，爸爸回来了，对和我妈妈说：“时间不早了，我们该回家了。”我恋恋不舍地离开了书城。回去的路上我的脑子里全部都是那些精彩的童话故事，经过那一次我才知道我是多么的喜爱那些书啊！
书是寒冷中的阳光，书是我们的力量。
书让我懂得了许多知识，书里的知识是快乐的，是悲伤的，是有趣的，是感人的，书深深地把我吸引住了，我再也离不开它了。
篇4：英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分
全文共 45713 字
+ 加入清单下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。
对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。
因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！
1.?????? Proverbs
1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.
2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.
3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.
4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.
5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.
6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.
7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.
8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.
9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.
10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.
11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.
12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.
2. Damaging Research
A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.
3. Education and Citizenship
An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.
Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.
Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.
Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.
4. The Teacher’s Role
Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.
Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.
5. Education Philosophy
For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.
Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.
In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.
This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.
6. Student Life
To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.
Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.
Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)
What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.
Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.
7. Adult Education
After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”
So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.
8. Moral Relativism in American
Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.
Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.
In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”
Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.
In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”
The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.
The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.
At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.
The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.
But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.
There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.
9. Schools Should Teach Values
People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”
There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.
As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”
This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.
We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.
What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.
These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.
After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.
10. College Pressures
Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.
What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.
My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.
I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.
“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”
Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.
It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.
The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.
Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.
Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.
Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.
I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.
“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.
“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”
“Then why are you going?”
“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”
Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”
But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.
I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.
Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.
“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”
The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”
Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.
Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.
“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”
Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.
To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.
If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.
Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.
“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”
“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”
I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.
Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.
This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.
They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.
If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.
I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.
I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.
11. To Err Is Wrong
In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?
Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.
Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:
Right over 90% of the time = “A”
Right over 80% of the time = “B~”
Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.
From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.
Playing It Safe
With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.
I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.
Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.
Different Logic
From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.
Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.
Errors as Stepping Stones
Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.
The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.
Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.
Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.
[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分
篇5：2024年小考作文写作素材：平安夜的由来
全文共 2152 字
+ 加入清单一八一八年十二月二十三日晚上，在奥地利萨尔札赫河畔的奥本村里，有一只老鼠大胆地溜进村里古老的圣尼哥拉斯教堂风琴楼厢里。这只饥寒交迫的小东西东跑西窜，到处咬噬，终于干下了一件“影响深远的大事”，导致了一曲脍炙人口的圣诞赞美诗的诞生。翌日清晨，一位身穿黑色礼服大衣的中年人走进教堂，径直来到风琴旁边坐下。此人名叫弗兰兹-格鲁伯，正当三十一岁，有着一头黑发，高高的鼻梁和一双富有感情的眼睛。他虽然默默无闻，但在这偏僻地区很受村民尊敬。因为他是本村的小学教师，又是圣尼哥拉斯教堂的风琴演奏家。[2]
他坐下来，踩着踏板，按下了琴键。可是风琴只发出几声呜咽似的微弱气息。
当格鲁伯正要俯身去察看究竟时，他的好朋友约瑟夫-莫尔来了。莫尔是个教士，也是一位音乐家。奥本村教堂的正式神父还不曾派来，莫尔是临时被派来顶替这职位的。
格鲁伯见他张皇，不觉一怔，连忙问道：“天主降福!什么事儿，约瑟夫?”那位年轻的代理神父举起双手，做出一副绝望的神态，并示意让朋友起来跟他走。
平安夜雪景莫尔领着格鲁伯走到楼厢里的风琴键盘后面，指着鼓风的皮风箱上一个大洞说：“今早我发现这个洞，一定是老鼠咬破的。现在一踏下去，什么声音都没有了!”格鲁伯仔细地检察了风箱上的那个洞。圣诞之夜做弥撒而没有风琴奏乐，这简直是不可思议的事!他禁不住喊道：“真该死!现在可糟了，我们该怎么办呢?”
“有办法，”莫尔神父有点腼腆地说：“我写了一首短诗，倒可以作为歌词一凑合着顶用一下的。”接着他又严肃地说道：“这可不是“那一类”的歌呀。”
格鲁伯看见他的朋友这么激动，不觉微笑起来。因为大家都知道，莫尔的确很喜欢“那一类”的歌--就是当农妇和船工欢饮时，在齐特拉琴伴奏下所唱的那种所谓粗俗的民歌小调。这种东西往往引起那些固执守旧的虔诚教徒的不满，使得道貌岸然的长老们大皱眉头。
格鲁伯拿起莫尔所写的诗读了头几段，顿时觉得好像有一股奇异的灵气贯穿脊梁。这的确不是“那一类”的歌。它好像是抓住了他的心，温和纯朴和动人地向他诉说。他从来都未曾这么深刻地感动过。他耳边隐隐响起了这些诗句的乐音。
莫尔几乎是抱歉地说：“我只是这么想，既然我们的风琴已经不响了，那么你是否可以把这东西给我们的吉他琴配个曲，也许还可以搞个小小的童声合唱队来唱唱，……你看怎么样?”
平安夜格鲁伯说：“好呀，好，好!也许我们可以这样做。给我吧，我拿回去看看是否能把曲子写出来。”
格鲁伯踏着地上的积雪，慢步走回安斯村。他一路上沉浸在他的乐曲构思中。
“平安夜，圣善夜，
万暗中，光华射。
他就像耳聋的贝多芬一样，在内心深处听见了所有的旋律：
照着圣母也照着圣婴，
多少慈祥也多少天真，
静享天赐安眠，
静享天赐安眠。”
他准备写给童声合唱的曲调已在脑际回荡。他回到他那简朴的住房，坐在他那古老的钢琴边，面对墙上挂着的十字架，终于谱写称了完整的歌曲。
那天下午，莫尔的书房里聚集了十二名男孩和女孩。他们穿着羊毛长袜、外套和围裙，整齐而漂亮。他们并排站在一圈圈的冬青花环下，益发显得生气勃勃。
排练开始了，格鲁伯和莫尔各自弹起他们的吉他琴，不时满意地对视微笑。开始时，大家对歌曲不甚熟悉，弹唱都嫌粗糙了些。第三部分也不太妥当，但很快便改好了。行了，这歌曲终于完成了。
圣诞夜，教堂里点燃的几百支烛光，在光洁的金盘碟和圣餐杯上映辉争耀，给那些僵硬呆板的哥德式圣母态像，赋予了盎然生气和温柔慈祥的风采。教堂里到处都用青松、万年青和圣浆果等装饰起来。全体教徒挤坐在长条硬板凳上。男人们穿着臃肿的羊毛外套，妇女则被披上了醒目的围裙和有色的披巾。
当莫尔和格鲁伯提着他们的吉他，随着十二名男女儿童走上圣坛前时，惊讶的群众顿时轰动起来。格鲁伯向他的乐队微微点头示意，琴弦便拨响了。接着，莫尔神父的男高音和格鲁伯先生的男低音，便和谐地共鸣着响彻那古老的教堂。
于是，流传久远的圣诞赞美诗便这样首次被人们唱出来了。然而，第二天也就被人忘记了。当时参加圣诞弥撒的教徒之中，谁也不曾料到这首歌后来竟会风靡世界。
后来仅仅是由于一次偶然机会，才使这一杰作得以免遭淹没的命运。第二年春天，从齐勒塔尔来了一位风琴修理师，卡尔·毛拉赫。他在闲聊中随便问起：既然风琴坏了，那么你们是怎样进行圣诞弥撒的?格鲁伯这才提起那曲子的事，他说：“这是个不值一顾的东西，我甚至已忘记把它塞到哪里去了。”在教堂的后部有一个小橱，里头塞满了尘封已久的乱纸堆。格鲁伯从这里找到了那首曲谱。
那风琴修理师看着乐谱，微微动着双唇，从他那宽阔的胸腔里哼着这调子。“有意思，”他轻轻地说，“可以让我带回去看看吗?”
格鲁伯大笑起来。“行，行，你尽管拿去就是了。再说，你把琴修好后，这东西就更加是一点用处都没有了。”毛拉赫走后，格鲁伯也就忘了这件事。然而平安夜却在可爱的齐勒塔尔山中回响，并且从此开始了它远播世界的历程。
这歌曲作为民间音乐，从奥地利传到了德国。它越过国界，随着德国移民远涉重洋，传播各地。但直到不久前，莫尔和格鲁伯才被公认为这首歌曲的创作者。他们当时什么都没有得到，他们死时仍和生时一样贫穷。但是，格鲁伯的那具古老的吉他琴至今仍在为他歌唱，它已成为传家宝，被格鲁伯家代代相传。现在，每逢圣诞夜，人们便要把这吉他琴带到奥本村去。而世界各地的教徒们，则再次齐唱这首为人喜爱的圣诞赞美诗……
篇6：2024高考写作素材积累：沉醉其中，多么美好！
全文共 642 字
+ 加入清单人生是扬帆起航的船支，行驶在茫茫的大海上。那看似平静的海面下，等待着我们的，也可能是惊涛骇浪。生活的道路上充满荆棘，我们常常被刺得遍体鳞伤。与其顶着困难继续艰难地前行，不如偶尔停下来，欣赏沿途的美丽风光。
当清晨的第一缕光亮划破天际;当傍晚皎洁的月亮高高悬起，疲于赶路的你，会注意到吗?朋友，长途跋涉中，何不偶尔停下来呢?停下来，抛开沉重的包袱，躺在洒满月光的草地上，在虫鸣鸟叫中，感受这生命的乐章，享受春风的爱抚;停下来，仔细品味露珠的味道，欣赏那初升的太阳，沉醉其中，多么美好!享受后启程，步伐是否会更加有力?
当你在追逐梦想时，当你在海中扬起风帆时。大山将你阻挡，狂澜将你推倒。当你一次次被命运击溃，灰心丧气时。朋友，何不偶尔停下来呢?停下来，擦干眼中的泪水，接受自然的洗礼，净化你的心灵;停下来，调整好心态，勇敢地站起来;停下来，寄情于山水之间，释放自己的灵魂，倾听溪流的快乐。偶尔抬起头，是否可以发现，天空更加宽阔，阳光更加灿烂?
当你再次站在人生的十字路口前，被迫做出艰难的抉择。面对命运的威胁，你是否动摇过，是否迷茫过。面对残酷的现实，你是否哭泣过，是否想过放手?朋友，何不偶尔停下来呢?停下来，回首自己留下的足迹。再回过头来，是否发现自己已不再迷茫，在心中，多了一份坦然与轻松?偶尔停下来，是一种享受，是一种需要，是一种智慧，是一种对待人生的态度，是茫茫人生道路上的指路标。偶尔停下来，拍一拍身上的泥土，倒一倒鞋中的沙粒，望望天，看看云，用轻松的心态去迎接属于你的美丽人生!
篇7：关于乐观的英语句子素材
全文共 623 字
+ 加入清单1、Acknowledge what you’re grateful for.
学会对生活感恩。
2、Be mindful of your surroundings.
将注意力集中在你的生活中正在发生的事上，别为过去忧伤，也别为将来担心。
3、Counter every negative with apositive.
不顺的时候多想想生活中的好时光。
4、Decide to be happy every day.
下定决心开心度过每一天。
5、Evaluate the good in your life.
每天写几件你生活中的乐事。
6、Everything will be fine./Things will turn out all right./Things will work out all right.
一切都会好起来的。
7、Everything will come up roses.
一切都会圆满结束的。
8、Fake happiness until you feel it.
在失意的时候伪装快乐。
9、Focus on small goals instead of big ones.
多为自己制定一些易实现的短期目标，努力实现它们。
10、Help someone in need.
帮助需要帮助的人。
11、I anticipate your success.
我期待着你的成功。
12、I can do it blindfolded.
我闭着眼睛都能做到。
篇8：富有哲理的作文写作素材
全文共 1668 字
+ 加入清单导语：生活若剥去了理想、梦想、幻想，那生命便只是一堆空架子。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的富有哲理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
1.沈默是毁谤最好的答覆。
2.对人恭敬，就是在庄严你自己。
3.广结众缘，就是不要去伤害任何一个人。
4.永远扭曲别人善意的人，无药可救。
5.时间总会过去的，让时间流走你的烦恼吧!
6.说一句谎话，要编造十句谎话来弥补，何苦呢?
7.白白的过一天，无所事事，就像犯了窃盗罪一样
8.来是偶然的，走是必然的。所以你必须，随缘不变，不变随缘。
9.你硬要把单纯的事情看得很严重，那样子你会很痛苦。
10.人生的真理，只是藏在平淡无味之中。
11.要想战胜它，就得先了解它。(《雨果传》)
12.生活若剥去了理想、梦想、幻想，那生命便只是一堆空架子。
13.愚者用肉体监视心灵，智者用心灵监视肉体。
14.弓弦越拉得紧，生命之箭射得越远。--罗曼·罗兰《母与子》
15.劳动是一种创作。--高尔基《苏联的文学》
16.奶奶发明了妖怪来吓唬小孩，也发明了耶和华来吓唬大人。--雨果《悲惨世界》
17.名气就像某些特别的鲜艳的花儿一样含有毒性物质。--巴尔扎克《莫黛斯特·米尼翁》
18.在你发怒的时候，要紧闭你的嘴，免得增加你的怒气。--苏格拉底
19.享受着爱和荣誉的人，才会感到生存的乐趣。--莎士比亚《查理二世》
20.生活中若没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光一样。
21.人的一生是短的，但如卑劣地过这短的一生，就太长了。--《莎士比亚戏剧集》
22.人类的真正区别是这样的：光明中人和黑暗中人。--雨果《悲惨世界》
23.社会是一个泥坑，我们得站在高地上。--巴尔扎克《高老头》
24.生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己。
25.事业是栏杆，我们扶着它在深渊的边沿上走路。--高尔基《阿尔塔莫诺夫家的事业》
26.慈悲是你最好的武器。
27.拥有一颗无私的爱心，便拥有了一切。
28.发光并非太阳的专利，你也可以发光，真的。
29.只要面对现实，你才能超越现实。
30.获致幸福的不二法门是珍视你所拥有的、遗忘你所没有的。
31.明天的希望会让我们忘了今天的痛苦。
32.不懂得自爱的人，是没有能力去爱别人的。
33.情执是苦恼的原因，放下情执，你才能得到自在
34.不要太肯定自己的看法，这样子比较少后悔。
35.当你对自己诚实的时候，世界上没有人能够欺骗得了你。
36.用伤害别人的手段来掩饰自己缺点的人，是可耻的。
37.默默的关怀与祝福别人，那是一种无形的布施。
38.有时候我们要冷静问问自已，我们在追求什么?我们活着为了什么?
39.最漂亮的聘礼就是才干。--巴尔扎克《赛查·皮罗多盛衰记》
40.不要刻意去猜测他人的想法，如果你没有智慧与经验的正确判断，通常都会有错误的。
41.要了解一个人，只需要看他的出发点与目的地是否相同，就可以知道他是否真心的。
42.良心是每一个人最公正的审判官，你骗得了别人，却永远骗不了你自己的良心。
43.当秩序成了混乱的时候，就不得不用混乱来维持秩序。--罗曼·罗兰《哥拉·布勒尼翁》
44.说慌是美妙的。在人类的一切发明中，最美妙的发明是善良的上帝!--罗曼·罗兰《母与子》
45.不要因为小小的争执，远离了你至亲的好友，也不要因为小小的怨恨，忘记了别人的大恩。
46.不洗澡的人，硬擦香水是不会香的。名声与尊贵，是来自于真才实学的。有德自然香。八二、原谅别人，就是给自己心中留下空间，以便回旋。
47.每一个人都拥有生命，但并非每个人都懂得生命，乃至于珍惜生命。不了解生命的人，生命对他来说，是一种惩罚。
48.一个人，快乐舒畅地作了今天的工作，同时快乐舒畅地迎接明天的工作，是应该受到人们的赞扬和鼓励的。--狄更斯《游美札记》
49.光荣的路是狭窄的，一个人只能前进，不能后退;所以你应该继续在这一条狭路上迈步前进，因为无数竞争的人都在你背后，一个紧随着一个。--莎士比亚《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》
50.全人类的充沛精力要是都集中在一个的头颅里，全世界要是都萃集于一个人的脑子里，那种状况，如果延续下去，就会是文明的末日。--雨果《悲惨世界》
篇9：英语写作训练方法
全文共 2184 字
+ 加入清单谈及写作训练,学生认为就是勤练笔,其实不然。英语的听、说、读、写四种能力是密切相关、相互渗透的。听和读是领会理解别人表达的思想,说和写是用言语表达思想。写的能力要在听、说、读的基础上进行培养和提高,而写的训练又能进一步提高听、说、读的能力。因此,写作训练应该贯穿于英语教学的全过程,才能真正提高学生的写作能力。
一、多读
“读是写的前提,写是读的升华”。一般而言,听和读的量必须数十倍地多于说和写的量,才能较自如地在口头上或书面上表达自己的思想。一方面,大量阅读可以提高阅读能力,扩大词汇量,另一方面,它还可以增强英语语感,对英语写作起着潜移默化的作用。只有当阅读量达到一定程度时,才能找到写好文章的语感。我们可以选择适合学生的读物,如英文报纸(《英语周报》、《21世纪报》)、杂志(《中学生英语园地》)、科普文章、书虫等(水平较高的学生可读小说原著)。大量阅读是学生接触英语语言材料、接受信息、活跃思维、增强记忆力的一种有效途径,同时也是培养学生英语思维能力、提高理解力、增强语感、巩固和扩大词汇量的一种有效方法,非常有利于写作。实践证明,学生平时课外阅读面越广,阅读量越大,运用英语表达的能力就越强。
二、多背
英语和汉语存在很大差异,语法规则和句子结构是不同的,很多学生在写作过程中难免会受到母语的影响,出现一些Chinglish(中式英语),而且有些语法规则也把握不准,谓语动词常出现“be+do”的错误形式或缺少谓语的现象。所以,背诵模仿是行之有效的手段之一。
(一)背课文
在多年的教学实践中,我坚持让学生背诵部分课文,较长的文章选背一两段,下节课抽查背诵,或进行默写。《新概念英语2》中很多英语短文通俗有趣,我给学生挑选其中一部分让他们背诵、默写,对培养学生的语感很有效。
(二)背范文
英语写作一般包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文及开放性作文写作。我经过筛选,找出每种文体各五篇文章,同时,我也注重搜集一些好的范文和习作要求学生背诵。通过熟背精彩段落,使学生逐步掌握英语基本的表达方法,有助于模仿。而且,通过这些范文,学生可熟练掌握各种体裁的写作技巧,这是学生写好作文的一条捷径。经过一段时间的训练,学生就会有内容可写、写得出来。
三、多写
除了以上对学生进行读、背训练,还要对学生进行动手训练。学生只有通过写才能知道自己的不足与缺陷,毕竟说和写是两回事。
(一)改写课文
教师可要求学生把Reading缩写成一篇一百字左右的短文,也可让学生把对话改写成记叙文(如项链),这也是进一步理解课文的手段。一般在学完一个单元,学生熟练掌握课文之后,再做这一步,让学生尽量使用本单元的短语句型,同时,也要学着套用背诵的句子。
(二)写英语周记
让学生写英语周记,这是很多老师训练学生写作的方法。有些英语写作不好的学生,往往不坚持写或应付了事。对这样的学生,教师要严格要求,督促检查。对学生的每篇周记,教师都要认真批改。周记不必拘泥于形式,学生可以自由发挥。开始可以写简单的几句话,要求学生多用学过的词组、句型,多套用和模仿。逐渐地,学生会写多些,也会越写越流利,错误也会越来越少。
(三)每周练习写一篇作文
教师挑选一至两篇习作打在投影仪上,师生共同修改,然后让学生将改写过的文章抄写在作文积累本上。这样日积月累,学生考前只要翻翻自己的“作文本”,即可胸有成竹,这个习惯一定要养成,对学生会有很大帮助。
(四)限时写作训练
近年高考试题包容量大,知识覆盖面广,这就要求学生在做题时必须注意速度和节奏,而高考书面表达从时间分配上看,最多也只能是30分钟左右的时间,学生必须在有限时间内完成作文,并且要意思连贯,无严重语法错误。为达到这一要求,每届学生从高一开始,就应定期做限时写作训练。
四、多积累
(一)积累词汇
词汇是说话写作的必需材料,掌握词汇量的多少,是衡量一个学生英语水平高低的“标尺”。《教学大纲》规定的词汇是最基本的词汇,必须熟记。我在多年的教学中,每堂课都坚持让学生默写或听写单词,要求学生根据中文意思,写出单词的拼写形式、词类和词形变化。这就使学生积累了大量的词汇,为高考书面表达打下坚实的拼写基础,避免了因单词拼写错误而丢分。
(二)积累句型
我在平时授课过程中,让学生把重点句型记录在作文积累本上,随时翻看和背诵。如写观点类文章常用的Some share the view that...,Others hold the opposite opinion that...,The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages,As far as I’m concerned,以及常用到的定语从句、倒装句、非限、非谓、同位语、强调句型等。
(三)积累文章
学生背过的篇章、写过的作文,尤其是各种体裁的范文习作,要分类整理粘贴在作文积累本上,经常拿出来朗读背诵。我教过的学生,都积累了大量的范文习作,考试时可做到有备无患。
通过长期的写作训练,我狠抓学生基本功,学生的写作水平明显提高。我所教班级在每次考试中书面表达平均分都在同类班级之上。总之,英语写作训练是综合能力训练之一,写作能力的提高需要通过循序渐进的训练才能达到。听、说、读、写几方面的训练是相辅相成的,它们互相促进、互相制约,在平时教学中教师要合理安排,有机穿插,这样才能让学生“下笔如有神”。
篇10：高考热点写作素材：文明社会
全文共 782 字
+ 加入清单导语：当我们认为道德不再是应该履行的一种义务，而是像我们赖以生存的空气时，真正的文明才离我们不远了。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的高考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
20世纪80年代，我曾和林斤澜、柳溪两位老作家访法。在一个风雨天，我们所乘的汽车驶在乡间道路上。在我们前边有一辆汽车，从车后窗可以看清，车中显然是一家人。他们的车轮扬起的尘土，一阵阵落在我们的车前窗上。终于到了一个足以超车的拐弯处，前边的车停住了。开车的男人下了车，向我们的车走来。为我们开车的是法国外交部的一名青年翻译，他摇下车窗，用法语跟对方说了半天。后来，我们的车开到了前面。
我问翻译：“你们说了些什么?”
他说：“对方坚持让我们将车开到前边去。”
我挺奇怪，问为什么。
他说：“对方认为，自己的车始终开在前边，对我们太不公平，他自己也根本没法儿开得心安理得。”
隔日，我们的车在路上撞着了一只农家犬，只不过是“碰”了那犬一下。它叫着跑开时，一条后腿稍微有那么一点儿瘸。法国青年却将车停下了，去找养那只犬的人家。十几分钟后回来，说没找到。半小时后，我们在一个小镇的快餐店吃午饭，那法国青年说他还是得开车回去找一下犬的主人，要不然心里很别扭。终于找到了养那只犬的农家，于是他郑重道歉，主动留下名片、车号、驾照号码……而此时那只犬已经若无其事了。
回来时，他心里不“别扭”了。接下来的一路，又有说有笑了。
我想，文明一定不是要刻意做给别人看的一件事情，它应该首先成为使自己愉快并且是自然而然的一件事情。正如那位带着全家人旅行的父亲，他不那么做，就没法儿“心安理得”;正如我们的翻译，不那么做就“心里很别扭”。
素材运用：道德的最高境界就是不用任何法律来强制约束，而自觉由人们来遵守，并逐渐演变为人们的一种习惯。当我们认为道德不再是应该履行的一种义务，而是像我们赖以生存的空气时，真正的文明才离我们不远了。
篇11：2024年高考写作素材：雷锋是我们时代的“超级英雄”
全文共 1304 字
+ 加入清单在中老年群体的内心中，雷锋精神和雷锋的各种经典镜头早已在人们的内心中被“定格”，尤其是雷锋身穿冬军装，头戴“火车头”帽，手握钢枪形象，更成为了这一群体心中永恒的记忆。而在80后、90后甚至00后年青一代人的心目中，雷锋又变成了阳光、帅气甚至有些“文艺青年”气息的解放军小战士形象，但无论怎么变，雷锋精神体现的爱国爱岗、乐于助人，无私奉献、勤俭节约的高尚优秀品格却始终如一，雷锋身上集中体现的中华民族优秀传统美德和“雷锋精神”，更是获得人们发自内心的认同与感动，人们学习雷锋并把践行雷锋精神作为一种“道德信仰”，正是希望用雷锋精神在发展经济的同时，为“经济社会”输入更多道德正能量。
勿容讳言，长期以来，由于经济的快速发展与社会人文素质提升和文明进步的相对迟缓，社会形成了一种信仰缺失和价值观紊乱的极不正常现象，人员人之间信任感滑坡，尤其是在道德领域甚至出现某种倒退的趋势，人们在追求物质利益和经济发展的同时，在道德领域呈现出的问题却越来越多，不但人们希望看到的“好人”越来越少，“好人难当”居然成了尴尬的社会现实。据日前上海市统计局公布的《2016年市民学雷锋意愿调查报告》显示，对于“学雷锋”，近六成市民“怕惹事上身，好心没好报”，近五成“怕被人误解，遭人非议”，近四成“怕麻烦，多一事不如少一事”。学雷锋、做好人居然成了一种“风险”。尽管人们内心深处都有一种“雷锋情节”，却因为有这些顾虑而难以释放，人们更迫切希望用雷锋精神来“拯救”时下的社会。
显然，人们心里都清楚，仅有经济发展带来的物质生活富有而失去精神层面的追求，社会非但不能因经济发展而变得和谐文明，反而会使社会更加堕落，人心变得更加冷漠。而雷锋精神正是改变和“拯救”社会这一现实尴尬无可替代的“良药”，人们渴望时时刻刻有雷锋，社会处处有雷锋，只有雷锋精神常伴，社会才更有温度，人们除了物质追求以外，才能帮助他人和奉献社会的精神动力，才能固守人性最本质的善良。在千百年历史的发展过程中，我们涌现出很多民族英雄、抗日英雄、战斗英雄、救人英雄乃至救火英雄等等，构成了一幅波澜壮阔的英雄谱，但从出生到殉职没做一件风风烈烈壮举的雷锋，却以他平凡而又不平凡的短暂一生，以点点滴滴的“好人好事”成为国人最为怀念的伟大英雄，成为任何一个时代都值得学习的榜样，甚至连西方国家乃至国际社会都为之敬仰。因此，雷锋就是我们国家和社会的“超级英雄”。
同蜘蛛侠、绿巨人、美国队长、钢铁侠等受追捧塑造的虚幻“超级英雄”不同，雷锋既没有“拯救地球”的超能量，更没有“拯救人类”覆灭的超能力，甚至无法凭一己之力就能“维护世界和平”，但雷锋不只是和这些“超级英雄”一样，按照报道中志愿者的话说，都是在传递正能量。雷锋的做人品格更显得实实在在、触手可及，特别是雷锋以他平凡中的伟大更激励人们去学习和践行。崇尚雷锋精神、追求雷锋的做人品格。能够在经济发展和国家繁荣昌盛的同时，给社会带来更多的文明、温馨与和谐。能够感染每一个人从自身点滴行为开始，为社会持续释放温暖的正能量，因此，雷锋精神比蜘蛛侠、绿巨人、美国队长、钢铁侠等“超级英雄”更具“超正能量”，更能感动和促进社会的文明与进步。
篇12：兴趣爱好
全文共 476 字
+ 加入清单我经历过许许多多的事，可是令我难以忘记的却很少很少。今天，我就要讲一件让我难以忘怀的小事。
那是暑假里的一天，我学完了电子琴，妈妈带我去姥姥家。路上，我心中好烦，由于好几次都没有弹好老师布置的作业，我对弹好电子琴失去了信心，于是我就对妈妈说：“妈妈，我不想学电子琴了。”妈妈沉默了半晌问：“为什么?”我回答：“我可能永远学不会电子琴，所以我不想再学了，再说，我本来对电子琴也没兴趣。”妈妈反过来问我，“那你对学习有兴趣吗?”我一下呆住了，学习是我应该做的事，不能因为没有兴趣而不学习，我反驳说。妈妈接着说：“兴趣有两种，一种是直接兴趣，是由对一个事物的好奇而产生的，这种兴趣不会持续太久;另一种是间接兴趣，是为了实现目标而引起的，持续时间长。要想在某方面有成就，只凭好奇是不行的，必须有适合自已的目标，然后向着目标不断努力，怎么可以三天打鱼，两天晒网呢?”
听了妈妈的话，我惭愧不已，暗暗下决心，一定要把电子琴练好，同时，我也明白要在各门功课上取得好成绩，就必须严格要求自已，永不放弃。
这件事永远刻在我的心中，鼓励我在今后的人生道路上要充满信心，永往直前。
篇13：2024中考写作素材：最好的风景
全文共 1117 字
+ 加入清单导语：佛家善说“因果”，那么，“他为善”便是“因”，“凤彩蝶报恩”便是“果”。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
已经是冬天了，一只蝴蝶在寒风中摇摇摆摆。终因体力不支落到了地上。这是一只七彩的蝴蝶。他以为它死了，就将它捡起，没想到这只蝴蝶挣扎了几下。“这只蝴蝶还活着!”他十分惊喜地叫道。于是，他跑着将这只蝴蝶送到了自己家的花园，然后将它放到了一朵花上。蝴蝶美美地吃起了花蜜，它的翅膀也逐渐恢复了光泽。蝴蝶吃饱了之后，绕着他飞了两圈，然后不顾他的挽留，飞向了远方。他遗憾地望着蝴蝶远去的方向，发出一声叹息：“保重自己，蝴蝶!”他不知道。他救了一只凤彩蝶。
几年之后。他长大了，继承了家业，成了一方富豪。他心地慈善，救济过许多穷人。然而，有一天，他忽然得了一种十分奇怪的病，许多名医都束手无策。但有道是，偏方治怪病。于是，他的父母又走遍全国去寻访偏方。功夫不负有心人，历经一年之后，他们终于访得了一个偏方――一个以凤彩蝶为药引的偏方。但什么是凤彩蝶呢?那个提供偏方的游医说：“我也只是听说过，并没有亲见，据说，凤彩蝶有七彩的翅膀。”听了这个线索，他的父母立刻派人去四处寻找。
听说这个消息的他，此刻正住在全国最好医院的最好病房。望着窗外美丽的风景，他的脸上没有任何对死亡的恐惧，他只希望那只大难不死的七彩蝴蝶不要再落入魔爪。随着时间一天天过去，他的病也越来越重了。窗外的花在一天天地开放，风景也越来越美了。他知道，在这里的花全都开放的那一天，死神就要降临了。但他笑了，是为那只蝴蝶而高兴，因为它还活着。
那天，窗外的花全都开放了。许多人慕名来看风景。都惊叹造化神功。而他，也安心地笑了。突然，他愣住了，因为，他看到了那只蝴蝶轻轻地从窗外飞进来，飞到了他的手上。他的父母也看到了，大喊：“快!抓住它!”他一听，立刻使出平生最后的力气，将蝴蝶扔出窗外，并想关上窗子，然而，窗子一动也没动，因为，他，去了。
蝴蝶轻轻地又从窗外飞进来，飞到他的头上。突然，他们都消失了。
窗外，出现了一道七彩的虹桥。而他，正从虹桥的这一端缓缓地、缓缓地走向另一端……
【评析】
你可能实在于心不忍去说这是一个虚构的故事，因为被神化的凤彩蝶(七彩蝴蝶)从“复活远飞――一回再回――化身彩虹”，一直在牵动着你的心。佛家善说“因果”，那么，“他为善”便是“因”，“凤彩蝶报恩”便是“果”。而随着情节的推进，“为善”和“报恩”也愈来愈烈，直至悲壮收场，壮美落幕。工具书中说，“神话”是古代人民对自然现象和社会生活的一种天真的解释和美丽的向往。那么，就让我们把本文当做一则现代神话去细细品味吧。也许，信其真，更能让我们那颗柔软的心永存“天真”和“美丽”
篇14：关于“见义智为”的高考写作素材
全文共 740 字
+ 加入清单公布的新版《中小学生守则》首次把《守则》和《中小学生日常行为规范》合二为一，更简洁明了，也更接地气。有记者发现，以往在学生行为规范中的“见义勇为”等提法消失了，代之以“珍爱生命保安全”、“会自护懂求救”等内容。
面对危难，中小学生该不该像成人一样勇敢地冲上前去?或者说，对中小学生要不要提倡见义勇为?
几代家长都记得，以前，无论中学还是小学校园，都鼓励孩子见义勇为，学生若做出见义勇为的壮举，也往往享受着英雄般的待遇，被披红挂彩隆重表彰奖励。如今，学生守则不再提见义勇为，这会否令部分老师家长们感到迷茫?
小学生因其心智和体能发育的不成熟，面对各种危急的场景，盲目要求孩子们挺身而出，不仅于事无补，甚至可能造成更多更大的牺牲。这在近年的媒体报道中屡见不鲜。一个孩子落水了，其他小学生下水施救，结果导致几个孩子一同溺亡。
作为未成年人，在危难面前，会自我保护，懂得求救比“奋不顾身”更重要，也更值得提倡。新版学生守则中要求学生“会自护懂自救”无疑是一种进步，也更能体现现代社会的人文精神。尤其是在目前这样充满风险的社会，令学生们从小具备风险意识，掌握应对各种灾害和不测的基本技能、常识，十分重要。
见义勇为是整个社会都应提倡的品德，但具体到中小学生则不可一概而论，未成年人本身便是弱者，是社会保护的对象，要孩子们见义勇为，或者说，要全社会人人都做“英雄”，不但不现实，也与人道主义精神相悖。
悲情和牺牲不该属于孩子，社会也不能苛求未成年人做出英雄壮举。事实上，对中小学生来说，在他们的年龄段见义勇为应有其特定含义。譬如，遭遇水火灾害等首先要会报警，碰到危难突发事件等，懂得如何自救或求救，尽量避免和降低自身的伤害，同时为社会救援提供力所能及的帮助，“见义智为”，这才是中小学生应具备的行为规范。
篇15：2024年中考写作素材必备
全文共 4717 字
+ 加入清单下面时候语文迷网为大家带来的关于古今中外的著名人物的素材，供大家写作时参考。
1成吉思汗：中国历史上，有这样一位叱咤风云的人物：他戎马倥偬，征战一生，一把弯弓缔造蒙古汗国，不下马背纵横欧亚诸国;有人说他是东方战神，有人说他是千年风云第一人;西方崇拜他的人赞美他是“全人类的帝王”，毛泽东称他为“一代天骄”;这个打破东西方壁垒、书写中国最大版图的巨人，就是史籍上被尊称为元太祖的成吉思汗。
2、曹操：三国群雄，首推曹操。文不如曹植，武不如吕布，谋不如孔明，工不如满宠……可是又有谁可以超过曹操?超过这位三国第一人?原因何在?“吾任天下之智力”，曹操如是说。吾无才，天下之才皆我之才，凭着超凡的政治才能，曹操在三国舞台长袖善舞，独领风骚。
3、毛泽东：雄鸡一唱，天下大白，旭日东升，一位伟人昂首挺立在世界的东方，天地万物瞬时蒸腾，人民解放的浪潮席卷华夏大地。玉宇澄清，星火燎原，一个将才的睿智;指点江山，激扬文字，一个领袖的激昂。苍茫大地，谁主沉浮?历史的辉光泻在您的肩上，现代中国从此刻下了一个红色的姓名：毛泽东。
4、袁隆平：他是一位真正的耕耘者。当他还是一个乡村教师的时候，已经具有颠覆世界权威的胆识;当他名满天下的时候，却仍然只是专注于田畴，淡泊名利，一介农夫，播撒智慧，收获富足。他毕生的梦想，就是让所有的人远离饥饿。喜看稻菽千重浪，最是风流袁隆平
5、张爱玲：一个世俗女子，为了金钱而写作;一个脱俗之人，隐居在城市高楼之上。文字在她的笔下，才真正有了生命，直钻人心。她悲天怜人，却冷漠寡情;她通达人情世故，却我行我素;文章里家长里短，生活中却独标孤高。同时承受灿烂夺目的喧闹与极度的孤寂，暗洒一路幽香，任由裙裾飞扬。她的人生，怎一个“传奇”所能诠释?
6、项羽：滚滚乌江东逝，汇成一段历史。公元前202年，一头雄狮在这里倒下，汉王朝从此抬起骄傲的脚步，一路奔跑。人杰鬼雄，英名千秋难慰一腔热血;拔山盖世，壮歌一曲尽抒万丈悲情。昔日霸王，英雄气未敛，本该东山再起，何言无面?
7、诸葛亮：丞相祠堂仍在，隆中旧梦已远。为酬三顾，先生在历史舞台闪亮登场。空城观景，胸藏精兵百万;轻摇羽扇，已成天下三分。然出师未捷身先死，孤忠一片，可叹蜀道寒云。江流石转，千古成败付诸笑谈，先生之名如不坠的孔明灯，永照汗青。
8、司马光：砸碎的水缸走出一个重生的生命，也涌出了中国古代政治和史学的一股新泉。司马光一生笃诚好学，以俭为德，清直仁厚，死后“家家挂象，饭食必祝”。所著长篇巨制《资治通鉴》，文字优美，格调古雅，自成一体，为“天地间必不可无之书，亦学者必不可不读之书”。
9、鲁迅：一支笔划开万丈天幕，长夜无明的旧中国透射出点点星光。你弃医从文，把边缘人群唤醒;你以笔代刀，令魔鬼无处躲藏。声声祝福，声声呐喊，你正义的声音穿越百年时空仍然鼓舞人心，余音绕梁。若干岁月过去了，你的作品没有化为烟埃，并且无疑将长久不熄，普照文学和思想的殿堂。
10、秦始皇：天下六合铸就大秦瑞气，巨星陨落化为一声叹息。你长袖一挥，胡人不敢南下牧马，士不敢弯弓报怨;你诀世一去，良将劲弩不见当初豪气，金城千里尽失昔日威严。万世霸业，竟从内里崩溃，千古功过，任由世人评说。
11、李白：你，从页页诗篇走来，酒入豪肠，三分剑气，七分月光;你，向历史深处走去，秀口一吐，半个盛唐。仙骨豪情，傲岸不屈，风情万种，仗笔独行。你轻舟一解，整条长江就诗意奔腾;你亮丽的文字，刺痛了一双双习惯黑暗的眼睛。
12、屈原：世人皆醉，惟你独醒。尘世昏暗，万马齐喑，而君秉持高洁，疏离邪恶，壮志可与日月争光。于是，孤独成为一种伟大的情感;于是，死亡成为一种惟美的跨越。自你归去，汨罗江畔的墨香和正气升腾了千年。
13、谭嗣同：亘古不磨，片石苍茫立天地;一峦挺秀，群山奔赴若波涛。一百年前，这个为中华民族的振兴奔走呼号的英雄，以青春的挥洒，倔强地挺起民族的脊梁。死何所惧?就在刀锋接近头颅的那一刹那，他已将生命置换成永恒。一种精神执着地闪烁在历史的天空，灿若星辰。
14、司马迁：纵观中国历史，不惮于死的文人自古有之，然为了理想而忍受尘世摧残的英雄却少有。司马迁是疏星中最耀眼的一颗。他以肉身的残缺修得了精神与著作的双重圆满，他通古今之变，成一家之言，凭着一个文人的良心写下一部伟大的书，上自黄帝，下至汉武，包罗历史的傲慢与偏见、光荣和梦想，并从此领跑着中国文化。
15、孙膑：围魏救赵、田忌赛马，我们从成语中读你;身残志锐、胸罗兵甲，我们从历史中读你。你是一首无声的歌，流传千年仍气镇风云;你是一部无字的书，演绎着关于智慧的不老传说
16、刘禅：“乐不思蜀”，简单的词语竟有如此神力，让一个帝王的名字腐朽。后来人不曾想过，如果不能忘却痛苦，世上还怎会有乐观和幸福?帝王也是凡人，习惯了仰视的人们或许不能容忍贵族的平凡。古往今来，天灾人祸，如果一一记住它们的疼痛，人类早就失去了生存的兴趣和勇气。有些时候，忘却才能催人奋进。
17、孔子：他用最锐利的智慧开启了那一道道尘封的门，阳光从那错开的门缝间挤出来，于是门外面铺满黄金;他用最朴实的教诲铸造了一把坚韧的利斧，劈成了一道道深深的印痕，它留下的不是疼痛，而是刻骨铭心!于是，子子孙孙有了一条光明的大道。
18、庄子：九万里的情怀荡漾于三千濮水之上。赤子之心归于自然，终成南华经。曳尾涂中，逍遥一游于尘世，哲学的巅峰便已铸就。他有蛇的冷酷犀利，更有鸽子的温柔宽仁。踌躇满志却又似是而非，螳臂挡车却又游刃有余。充满血泪的怪诞与孤傲，让后人仰视。
19、王羲之：狼毫一挥，生命随即舞动，砚纸是他的舞台，满载生命的厚重，楷如泰山稳立，行如清洌之风，草如龙凤舞动，国人懂得了什么是书法，世界知道了什么是博大。兰亭不再，《兰亭集序》却依然迎着历史的大风舞蹈。
20、陶渊明：他捧着一把菊花走来，带来一阵天人合一的哲学清香。背离庙堂之高，他选择江湖之远，选择了自然的恬适和舒畅。向往“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的闲适，他追求“阡陌交通，落英缤纷”的理想。他绽放了发自内心的那份自然，并且馨香久远。
21、武则天：一朵深宫玫瑰偏偏铿锵有力提起脊梁，一双娇弱素手击碎了男人政治的法则。于是，中国的历史因你的出现而折道绕行。三从四德禁锢不住你的步伐，你默默地演绎着属于你的繁华。
22、李时珍：一介农夫，竟神奇地指出医书典籍中错误。不忍乡亲病痛，便发誓编著一部医书。怀揣着执著上路，走进大山，风雨兼程，亲尝百种药草，挥就一部影响世界的不朽医典。而他的名字，也同《本草纲目》一起，刻入历史的记忆中。
23、王昭君：你海棠般娇羞的容颜，你菊花般孤高的风骨，你柳絮般飘飞的思念，你桃花般红消香断的泪痕，都在茫茫大漠中消隐。你的聪慧，痴迷着汉赋唐诗的韵律，怎能不如履薄冰?你的深刻，承受着岁月无痕的忧伤，怎能不形销骨立?你默默地随清风而去，为了那永世的安宁;你的英姿，是大漠上最美的剪影。
24、俞伯牙、钟子期：双手，木琴，一段旋律;高山，流水，一世传奇。艰难地跋涉于七弦之上，十指轻敲心灵之门，生命因之共鸣。即使远隔千里，即使天上人间，他们人生原始的画卷里都巍峨着山，清澈着水，飞舞着知己的音韵。
25、陶行知：“一生清贫，两袖清风”是他一生的写照：“捧出一颗心来，不带半根草去。”/“千教万教教人求真，千学万学学做真人。”是他毕生的信念和追求，也成为了后来千千万万的教师无怨无悔的不竭动力。他开创了中国平民教育的先河，堪称平民教育第一人。他把一生都献给了教育事业，鞠躬尽瘁，死不后已。短暂人生虽仅五十五载，却赢得了“万世师表”的美誉。他就是伟大的人民教育家陶行知先生。
26、或许诗歌真是从寂寞中酿出来的，否则为什么所有的诗人都那么落寞?海子也不例外，他大概是太寂寞了，希望能与别人进行交流。有一次，海子在百无聊赖之际随意走进学校附近的一家餐馆。他对老板说：“我给大家朗诵我的诗，你们能不能给我酒喝?”毫无浪漫情趣的老板抬眼打量了一下眼前这位年轻人：长发凌乱，身材瘦小，落落寡欢，不修边幅，而且说话如此神经兮兮，就以为他脑瓜子是有些毛病的，便嘲讽地回答说：“我可以给你酒喝，但你别在这儿朗诵。”海子无奈地耸了耸肩膀，默默地走出了餐馆，同时也走进了更深的寂寞。
27、困难、挫折对有志者来说是一笔财富。 苏联“宇宙之父”齐奥尔科夫斯基，少年时患猩红热病而耳聋，被赶出学校。但他靠图书馆自学，显示了惊人的数学才能。德国诗人海涅生前最后八年是在“被褥的坟墓”中度过的，他手足不能动弹，眼睛半瞎，但生命之火不灭，吟出了大量誉满人间的优秀诗篇。
28、美国盲聋女作家、教育家海伦•凯勒一岁半时因病丧失了视觉和听力，这对于一般人来说是不可想象、不可忍受的痛苦。然而海伦并没有向命运屈服。在老师的教育、帮助下，她凭坚强的毅力战胜了病残，学会了讲话，用手指“听话”并掌握了5种文字。24岁时，她以优异的成绩毕业于著名的哈佛大学拉德克利夫女子学院。以后她把毕生的精力投入到为世界盲人、聋人谋利益的事业中，曾受到许多国家政府、人民的赞誉和嘉奖。1959年，联合国曾发起“海伦•凯勒”运动。她写的自传作品《我生活的故事》，成为英语文学的经典作品，被翻译成多种文字广泛发行。
29、博迪是一名法国记者。他在一次心脏病发作后四肢瘫痪，只有左眼可以活动。但他决心把打好腹稿的作品《潜水衣与蝴蝶》写出来，于是他要求笔录员门迪宝协助他，每天花6小时笔录他的著述。而他们之间的沟通只能靠左眼的眨动来完成。每次，门迪宝按顺序读出法语常用字母，博迪每眨眼一次表示字母正确，眨两次表示错误，然后拼成词语。这种常人难以想象的“写作”终于在数月后奇迹般地完成了。这本150页的著作已被出版，受到人们的欢迎。
30、1830年11月，费列德利克•肖邦(波兰作曲家、钢琴家)决定到外国深造，为祖国争光。出发前，朋友们为他举行了一个送别晚会。肖邦满怀感激之情，接受了朋友们赠送的装满祖国泥土的银杯，表示永远不会忘记可爱的祖国。肖邦辗转于维也纳、伦敦、巴黎等地，通过他的艺术活动，增进西欧人民对当时正在受难的波兰人民的同情和了解。可是，在辗转流离的生活中，他得了重病。 1849年秋天，肖邦临终时告诉从华沙赶来的姐姐，波兰反动政府是不会允许把他的遗体运回华沙的，他要求至少把他的心脏带回去。
肖邦的心脏，按照他的遗愿被送到华沙，埋葬在曾哺育他成长的祖国大地中。
31、现代原子物理学的奠基者卢瑟福对思考极为推崇。一天深夜，他偶尔发现一位学生还在埋头实验，便好奇地问：“上午你在干什么?”学生回答：“在做实验。”卢瑟福不禁皱起了眉头，继续问：“那晚上呢?”“也在做实验。”
勤奋的学生本以为能够得到导师的一番夸奖，没想到卢瑟福居然大为光火，厉声斥责：“你一天到晚都在做实验，什么时间用于思考?”勤奋的学生遭到斥责，看似委屈，实际上大师是在传遍真经啊。很多时候人们宁可让岁月淹没在仿佛很有价值的忙碌中，却极不情愿拿出时间进行思考，以至于思维在低水平的层次上徘徊，最终一无所获。如果说智慧是创造的源泉，那思考便是智慧的起点。
32、世间最坚强的东西是什么?是血肉之躯里深藏着的意志。摆在面前的有这样一个人的履历：他，21岁时做生意失败;22岁时，角逐州议员落选;24岁时，做生意再次失败;26岁时，爱侣去世;27岁时，一度精神崩溃，曾想到自杀;34岁时，角逐联邦众议员落选;36岁时，角逐联邦众议员再度落选;45岁时，角逐联邦参议员落选;47岁时，提名副总统落选;49岁时，角逐联邦参议员再一次落选;52岁时，当选美国第16届总统。这个人，就是阿伯拉罕•林肯——美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
篇16：善于变通的作文写作素材
全文共 6275 字
+ 加入清单导语：没有正确的方法，即使有眼睛的博学者也会像瞎子一样盲目摸索。以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的相关素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
福特谨慎捐款——金钱的价值在于使用的方法
汽车大王福特不是一个吝啬的人，但他却很少捐款。他顽固地认为，金钱的价值并不在于多寡，而在于使用方法。他最担心的就是捐款经常会落到不善于运用它们的人手里。有一次，乔治亚州的马沙·贝蒂校长为了扩建学校来请求福特捐款，福特拒绝了她。
贝蒂就说：那么就请捐给我一袋花生种子吧。于是福特买了一袋花生种子送给了她。福特后来就忘了这件事情。没想到一年以后，贝蒂女士又上门了，交给了他 600 美元。原来学生们播种了当初的那一袋子花生种子，这就是一年的收获。福特什么都没说，立即拿出了 600 万美元交给了贝蒂。
福特的担心绝不是多余的，太轻易得来的金钱往往很难让受施者感受到金钱后面潜隐着的苦与智;我更赞赏贝蒂对点滴施与的至高的尊重，她带领孩子们撒播下的其实是足以证明他们有能力领受他人恩惠的资格。
英国政府的困惑——妙法挽救生命
18世纪末期，英国政府决定把犯了罪的英国人统统发配到澳洲去。
一些私人船主承包从英国往澳洲大规模地运送犯人的工作。英国政府实行的办法是以上船的犯人数支付船主费用。当时那些运送犯人的船只大多是一些很破旧的货船改装的，船上设备简陋，没有什么医疗药品，更没有医生，船主为了牟取暴利，尽可能地多装人，使船上条件十分恶劣。一旦船只离开了岸，船主按人数拿到了政府的钱，对于这些人是否能远涉重洋活着到达澳洲就不管不问了。有些船主为了降低费用，甚至故意断水断食。 3 年以后，英国政府发现：运往澳洲的犯人在船上的死亡率达 12% ，其中最严重的一艘船上 424 个犯人死了 158 个，死亡率高达 37% 。英国政府费了大笔资金，却没能达到大批移民的目的。
英国政府想了很多办法。每一艘船上都派一名政府官员监督，再派一名医生负责犯人的医疗卫生，同时对犯人在船上的生活标准做了硬性的规定。但是，死亡率不仅没有降下来，有的船上的监督官员和医生竟然也不明不白地死了。原来一些船主为了贪图暴利，贿赂官员，如果官员不同流合污就被扔到大海里喂鱼了。政府支出了监督费用，却照常死人。
政府又采取新办法，把船主都召集起来进行教育培训，教育他们要珍惜生命，要理解去澳洲去开发是为了英国的长远大计，不要把金钱看得比生命还重要。但是情况依然没有好转，死亡率一直居高不下。
一位英国议员认为是那些私人船主钻了制度的空子，而制度的缺陷在于政府给予船主报酬是以上船人数来计算的。他提出从改变制度开始：政府以到澳洲上岸的人数为准计算报酬，不论你在英国上船装多少人，到了澳洲上岸的时候再清点人数支付报酬。
问题迎刃而解。船主主动请医生跟船，在船上准备药品，改善生活，尽可能地让每一个上船的人都健康地到达澳洲。一个人就意味着一份收入。
自从实行上岸计数的办法以后，船上的死亡率降到了 1% 以下。有些运载几百人的船只经过几个月的航行竟然没有一个人死亡。
胡佛入圈套——沟通也需要方法
美国第三十一届总统赫伯特·胡佛，很少在公共场合发表自己的政见，也很讨厌记者无休止的纠缠。在胡佛就任总统之前，他坐火车外出考察时和随行的记者同坐在一节车厢里。有位记者想探寻胡佛的政见，他想了很多办法，但这位未来的总统却一言不发。失望、沮丧的情绪笼罩着这位专门探听政界要人言论的记者。
这时，奔驰的火车窗外出现了一片新开垦的土地。这位记者灵机一动，故意自言自语地说：“想不到这里还是用锄头开垦土地呢!”
“胡说!”坐在一旁沉默得可怕的胡佛终于开腔了，“这里早就用现代化的办法来代替那乱垦滥伐了!”跟着便大谈起垦殖问题来。
就这样，这位记者终于如愿以偿，满载而归了。不久，《胡佛谈美国农业垦殖问题》的消息就见报了。
冰制输油管——妙法解难题
日本南极探险队第一次准备在南极过冬，便设法用运输船把汽油运到越冬基地。由于准备不充分，在实地操作中发现输油管的长度根本不够。也一下子找不出另外备用和可以替代使用的管子。再从日本运来，那时间需要近两个月。怎么办?这下子把所有队员给难住了。
这时候，队长突然提出一个很奇特的设想，他说：“我们用冰来做管子吧。冰在南极是最丰富的东西，但怎样使冰变成管状呢?很多人还是糊里糊涂的。队长又说，我们不是有医疗用的绷带吗?就把它缠在已有铁管上，上面淋上水让它结成冰，然后拔出铁管，这不就成了冰管子了吗，然后把它们一节一节连起来，要多长就有多长。”
队长的聪明之处在于，以已知的东西为参照，将许多毫无关系的要素组合起来，再制造出新的物件。
爱迪生测灯泡——最简单的方法往往是最有效的方法
阿普顿是美国普林斯顿大学数学系毕业的高才生，对带他一起工作但没有大学文凭的爱迪生有点瞧不起。有一次，爱迪生让他测算一只梨形灯泡的容积。于是，他拿起灯泡，测出了它的直径高度，然后加以计算。但是灯泡不具有规则形状，它像球形，又不完全是球形;像圆柱体，又不完全是圆柱体，计算很复杂，即使是近似处理，也很繁琐。阿普顿画了草图，在好几张白纸上写满了密密麻麻的数据和算式，也没算出来。正忙于实验的爱迪生等了很长时间，也不见阿普顿报告结果，他走过来一看，便忍不住笑了起来，“你还是换种方法算吧!”只见爱迪生略一沉思，快步取来一大杯水，轻轻地往阿普顿刚才反复测算的灯泡里倒满了水，然后把水倒进量筒，几秒钟就量出了水的体积，当然也就等于算出了玻璃灯泡的容积。这时，羞红了脸的阿普顿傻呆呆地站在一旁，恨不得找条地缝钻下去。
AF是哪里——正确的方法破译密码
1842年，太平洋战争正酣之际，美国海军从截获的日军密码电报中经常发现有“AF”两个字母，很明显，“AF”就是日本下一次的攻击目标。但是“AF”究竟指的是哪里，美国太平洋舰队情报处却与华盛顿海军情报部有着不同的认识，前者认为是中途岛，后者认为是夏威夷或美国西海岸。忽然，美军太平洋情报处处长想出一个绝妙办法，故意用明码发出电文称中途岛的水塔坏了。此计马上见效，不出24小时，美军即截获一份日军密电，“AF缺乏淡水”。由此，美军证实了“AF”就是中途岛。由于美军掌握了日军的战略意图，结果，中途岛大海战中，美国海军只损失了一艘航空母舰、一艘巡洋舰和147架飞机，而日本山本五十六联合舰队的4艘航空母舰、一艘巡洋舰、280架飞机、2000多名水兵和大量有经验的飞行员葬身鱼腹，日本海军从此一蹶不振。
炒毛栗子——治理国家有法可循
辽圣宗是辽国的一代明君。登位后，曾巡视天下。在一个地方，他发现一个叫萧朴的臣子把自己的领地治理得非常好，就叫过来询问其施政经验。可萧朴却非常谦恭地说：“我哪里有什么经验啊!臣下到这里之后，只不过学会了炒毛栗子。臣下刚来的时候，发现这里盛产毛栗子，就在同一个锅里炒，却发现了一个问题：小的炒熟了，大的还生着，而当大的炒熟了的时候，小的又炒煳了。后来臣下就把大的小的分开炒，只要火候掌握得好，大小毛栗子都能炒得一样香甜可口。所以，臣下办任何事情，就像炒毛栗子一样，既注意层次，又注意火候。除此之外，臣下再无其他的能耐了。”辽圣宗听了，哈哈大笑说：“你这炒的哪里是什么毛栗子，分明是在教寡人如何治国啊!”后来，辽圣宗就把萧朴调到自己身边，发现他处理事情，无论大小都能做得恰到好处，不久就把他升到了宰相的位置。
萧朴的比喻，犹如一盏闪耀着光辉的智慧之灯，表面上是说自己只学会了炒毛栗子，可“炒毛栗子”的哲学中，却深藏着治国的真谛。国中有这样的智者，哪会不让充满雄心壮志的辽圣宗看到希望呢?
老舍的“药方”——读书有方法
我国著名作家老舍先生说：“我年轻的时候有个很大的毛病，就是书读了不少，可脑子里却还是空荡荡……原来因为我在读书时马马虎虎，光翻动了书页，而没有吸取应得的营养，好似把食品用凉开水冲下去，没有仔细咀嚼。”
原因找到后，老舍为自己开了一张“药方”：
1. 随读随作读书笔记;
2. 读了一个文艺作品，要找些有关这个作品的评论文章来读，还要读一读这个作家的传记。
在“药方”下面，老舍加了说明：作读书笔记，这不仅有助于记忆，而且是自己考自己，看看到底有何心得，不管自己的理解是否完全正确，反正写过笔记必能留下比较深刻的印象;把作品与文学评论以及作家的传记结合起来读，可以对那个作品有较深的了解，同时还能减少偏见，吸取营养，剔除糟粕，逐渐提高自己的文学水平……
从此以后，老舍按“药方”读书，收效极大。
田忌赛马——方法得当，反败为胜
决策维系着事业的成败，决策学已成为当今一门热门科学。我国古代决策学上的成就是丰硕的，《孙子兵法》、《战国策》、《资治通鉴》这类经典著作无不显示着先人决策的智慧，田忌赛马的故事便是其中一例。
田忌有 3 匹马。与对手的 3 匹马相比，均分别低半截儿，劣势是显而易见的。要想在三盘两胜中取胜，只有田忌的“一不胜而再胜”的决策是正确的，即以劣对优，优对中，中对劣。结果是负一场而胜两场。
朱熹治学——打下坚实的基础是最好的方法
朱熹曾说：“读书之法，谓始初一书费十分功夫，后一书费八九分，后则六七分，又后则四五分矣 ! ”克服了几次困难，以后就会“势如破竹，迎刃而解”。他以为学习如行舟，初如搁浅难行，后能破浪而行，把这形容为：“昨夜江边春水生，艨艟巨舰一毛轻。向来枉费推移力，此日中流自在行。”可谓形象深刻。这就告诉我们要付出巨大精力打好扎实的基本功，循序渐进。
哲理材料
分粥的和尚
在一个寺庙里，住着许多和尚，每天早上起来要分粥吃，可是，经常因为僧多粥少就有人分不到。 和尚们在一起开会研究。
大家推选了一位年长的和尚，让他主持分粥。开始他分得很平均，后来他就给有关系的人多分，把满的厚的留给自己了。
和尚们觉得这样不行，就提出大家轮流来分粥。一开始也不错，时间一长，轮到自己分的那个人总是想方没法给自己留好处。
最后，一个和尚提出，把所有的粥都事先分好，是谁主持分的，那个人就必须等别人都拿了以后，自己才能去拿。
这一办法采用以后，早上和尚们就没有争吵了!
选择
古希腊哲学大师苏格拉底的三个弟子曾求教老师，怎样才能找到理想的伴侣。苏格拉底没有正面回答，却让他们走田埂，只许前进，且仅给一次机会，要求是选摘一个最好最大的穗。
第一个弟子没走几步，就看见一个又大又漂亮的穗，高兴地摘下来了。但他继续前进时，发现前面有许多比他的那个大，但已经没有机会，只得遗憾地走完全程。
第二个弟子吸取了教训，每当他要摘时， 总要提醒自己，后边还有更好的。可当他快到终点时，才发现机会全错过了。
第三个弟子吸取了前边两个弟子的教训。当走过全程三分之一时，即分出大中小三类;再走三分之一时，验证是否正确;等到最后三分之一时，他选择了属于大类中的一个美丽的穗。虽说，这穗不是田里最好最大的一个，但对他来说，已经是心满意足了。
曹冲称象
曹冲是曹操的儿子，少年聪明，五六岁的时候便有成人之智，甚至更超出成人之上。当时，孙权曾送给曹操一头大象。大象体态雄健，力大惊人，于是便引起曹操的好奇之心，他想知道大象到底有多重，但当时没有合适的量具，曹操便问群臣是否有什么称量的办法，群臣目瞪口呆，都没有什么妙计。这时，曹冲在一旁说：“把大象牵到船上，看船入水有多深，做下记号。然后把大象牵走，放一些石头到船上，使船入水到原来的做记号之处，这样再一块块称石头的重量，就可以知道大象的重量了。”曹操听后，非常高兴，便依曹冲之计而行，知道了大象的重量。
守卫马铃薯
马铃薯原产于美洲，它生长在地下的根块有很高的营养价值，产量也相当高，可以当粮食吃，也可以当蔬菜食用。法国农学家巴蒙蒂埃对这种植物作了认真的研究，认为这是一种值得推广的农作物。
他通过刊物向人们介绍这种作物的好处和种植方法。但是由于习惯和传统的偏见，人们都不愿意种这种从未种过的作物。农民说，这是一种魔鬼的苹果;医生说，这种东西吃了后会有损身体健康;土壤学家则说，种了这种奇怪的植物，土壤的肥力会枯竭。他奔走，他呼吁，但是马铃薯在法国依然得不到推广。
后来，他终于想出了一个办法。他请国王派一队卫兵帮助他守卫自己的马铃薯园地，不许人们摘取它的一枝一叶。这引起了农民们的好奇，他们白天都来偷偷观看巴蒙蒂埃怎样耕种，怎样除草，怎样施肥;到了晚上，卫兵下岗休息时，则三五成群地前来偷偷地挖，偷偷地栽种到自己的田里。农民们对偷来的马铃薯的神秘态度又感染了其他人。就这样有的讨，有的偷，一传十，十传百，没几年工夫，这种大众作物就传遍了整个法国。
不磨刀就等于没有刀
一个伐树的工人每天工作 10 多个小时，可他发觉自己的伐树数目却日渐减少。他开始想，一定是自己的工作时间不够长，所以他除了睡觉和吃饭，其他的时间都用来伐树，但他每天伐树的数目反而有减无增。他迷惑了。
一天，他把他的苦恼说给他的主管听，主管看了看他，再看了看他手中的斧头若有所悟地说：“你是否每天用这斧头伐树呢 ? ”工人认真地说：“当然啦 ! 这是我从开始伐树工作以来，一直不离手的工具呢 ! ”主管关心地问他：“你有没有磨利这把斧头再使用它呢 ? ”工人回答他：“我每天勤奋工作，伐树的时间都不够用，哪有时间去磨利这把斧头 ? ”
主管接着说：“你可知道，这就是你伐树数目每天递减的原因 ? 你没有先磨利自己的工具，又如何能提高工作的效率呢 ? ”
自救的驴子
在一个小村庄里有一口枯井。一天，一户人家的驴子不小心掉进了这口枯井里。它的主人绞尽脑汁想办法要救出驴子，但不论主人如何努力，就是不能把驴子弄出井口。整整几个小时过去了，驴子还在井底痛苦地哀号。
最后，这位主人决定放弃营救活动，他请来左邻右舍帮忙一起将井中的驴子埋了，以免驴子痛苦。于是主人和邻居们手持铲子，开始将泥土铲进枯井中。
这头驴子很快意识到自己的处境和即将到来的死亡，于是凄惨地叫了起来，但所有填土的人并没有停下。忽然，出人意料的事情发生了，驴子的惨叫声停止了。
主人好奇地探头往井底一看，眼前的景象令他大吃一惊：当铲进井里的泥土落在驴子的背部时，驴子的反应令人称奇——它将泥土抖落在一旁，然后站到泥土堆上面 !
就这样，驴子每次都将大家倒在身上的泥土悉数抖落在井底，然后再站上去，不但没有被土活埋，反而离井口越来越近。
很快，这头驴子便得意地上升到井口，然后在众人惊讶的表情中快步地跑开了。
在生命的旅程中，我们有时难免会陷入“枯井”，甚至被落井下石。脱困的秘诀就是：将身上的“泥沙”抖落，然后站到上面去 !
创新论证
方法不是包治百病的灵丹妙药
人们常说：好的方法是成功的一半。的确，历史上曾经出现了许多这样的例子，如老舍的读书“药方”等。因此有些同学成绩不好，便一味地认为自己的学习方法不得当，挖空心思地去找最好的学习方法，于是不惜血本去相信各种被夸大宣传的补习班;同样地，社会上许多人总是在幻想希望一日之内变成富翁，于是到处搜集致富方法，甚至寄希望于彩票。
这些人从不去反省自身努力不够，单纯依赖“宝典”“秘笈”中的方法改变自身状况，殊不知许多成功的例子背后，是十年如一日的努力，是数九寒天的坚持，更是在不断前进的过程中苦苦思考的结果。相反，一味依赖妙方的人，本质上是惰性的表现，是希望通过不劳而获的方式获得成果，久而久之，天上没有掉下什么馅饼，反而自害其身。金庸笔下的东方不败，为了一统武林，满足自己的野心，寄希望于一本《葵花宝典》，结果不仅没有成为武林至尊，反而落得个人人得而诛之的下场。
因此说，方法不是包治百病的灵丹妙药。但是，经过长期的坚持、努力、思考，也一定能够找到成就自己的好方法。
篇17：如何提高写作兴趣
全文共 1836 字
+ 加入清单不知道你有没有这样的经历：中午，同学们在食堂就餐时，有的同学狼吞虎咽吃得津津有味；有的同学则东挑西捡，土豆丝一根一根夹，豆芽菜一根一根夹，吃得索然无味，一个餐桌的同学看上去都觉得吃饭没胃口，换一句话说，对这桌饭菜没兴趣。没兴趣吃得自然不香，这跟写作文一个道理，对写作不感兴趣，自然写不出好文章。
培养写作兴趣是至关重要的，它是写作的第一阶基石，那么，如何提高写作兴趣，现就结合多年的教学经验，谈一点自己的浅显看法：
一、品味生活，诱发兴趣
一切艺术形式都源于生活，生活是最生动的课堂。即使你每天生活得平平淡淡，每天过着教室——寝室——食堂三点一线的日子，但总有一些事情能够激起你内心的波澜，就好像水平如镜的湖面，当有微风吹过时也会泛起层层涟漪；总有一些事情能够拨动你的心弦，这时快快拿出纸和笔，把瞬间的感受记录下来。例如：学校组织了演讲比赛；文艺汇演；老师为留守同学过生日；这期板报受到了学校的表扬；运动会上同学们摇旗呐喊……生活真的是这样，你得细心品味，品味——细品之，生活才有滋有味，你会发现生活丰富多彩，这对写作兴趣的培养益处多多，同时也积累了写作的素材。
二、体验生活，增加兴趣
上面说到的多是以旁观者的身份在品味，现在就要你亲自实践，亲身体验。同学们进入多彩的生活，增加生活阅历，积累生活经验，激发写作的兴趣，如：我校坚持开展的校本活动课，对培养学生写作兴趣搭建了一个体验生活的平台，在众多的校本资源中，有的同学做出了比较艰难的选择：插花艺术、厨艺大比拼、小小主持人、现代网络、棋艺天下、十字绣、学礼仪……亲身参加过、经历过，体验才更深刻，此时，有的学生不想写点什么都有点难了。
在家庭生活中也是如此，下一次厨房，为爸爸妈妈过一次生日，炒两个小菜，体会一下做家长的不易与艰辛，恐怕此时你也有想写点什么的冲动，如王必成同学的习作《我长大了》：在姥爷生病的时候，爸爸、妈妈因为要照顾姥爷，早出晚归，所以我常常自己在家。记得一天早上，姥爷病情突然加重，爸爸、妈妈很早就起来去了医院。
中午的时候，爸爸、妈妈还没回来，一想爸爸、妈妈累了一上午，肯定很辛苦，如果回来再做饭，那不是更累啊，我已经长大了，应该学会照顾他们。我记得妈妈说过鸡蛋能够消除疲劳，就学着妈妈的样子煮了面条，放了几个鸡蛋。爸爸、妈妈从医院回来后，看上去特别疲倦，但看到我煮的鸡蛋，还是开心的笑了，拍着我的头说：“乖儿子，你长大了！”现在独生子女多数生存能力不强，虽然第一次尝试做什么事情不一定成功，但总归会越来越进步。
也许，你写出的作文不那么优秀，但读者总能与你一起分享你的快乐、你的悲伤、你的欣喜、你的哀愁……这不也是一种幸福吗？怎样才能把你的喜怒哀乐融于习作呢？让读者与你有同样的感受呢？这就是要亲身体验生活，而且要贵在坚持。
三、广泛阅读，延伸兴趣
多读一些优秀的文学作品，会陶冶人的情操，净化人的心灵，在广泛阅读的同时，也能积累一些好词佳句，体会作者的思想感情。
读《爱的教育》、读《童年》、读《安徒生童话》、读《海底两万里》、读《春水》、读《繁星》……读了并体会到它之所以被称为优秀作品的原因所在，自然而然，你会思绪万千，从中受到心灵的启迪，你可以悄悄地写下你的感触。
一部电视剧，我们看到一半，总想要知道故事的结局怎样？剧中的主人公到底怎么了？这就是探究下去的欲望，也就是说对这个故事感兴趣。如果开始的时候没有耐心读长篇文学作品，你也可以读一些美文佳作，读一些小小说，请你试着续写，这样，故事的结局由你设计，人物的命运由你主宰，犹如一部电视剧的拍摄过程中，你就是编剧、你就是导演，无论是悲是喜，都是你创意的“杰作”。
四、重视练笔，巩固兴趣
多多练笔，久之，会养成写作的习惯。日记就是很好的方式，哪怕一周你只写了一篇。
刚接了一个初一班，布置日记时要求每周写三篇日记，效果特别不好，多数学生都是应付了事，要不抄袭、要不三言两语、要不记“流水账”，甚感头疼，后来改变了策略，把主动权交还给学生，你一周可以写一篇、两篇，本周实在没得写，好，放在下周一起写，记事、记人、记物、记心情……还真别说，大多数学生，都能写自己想写的、说自己想说的。
请你把日记当做自己的好朋友，可以倾诉任何心事的好朋友，而且它对你绝对“忠诚”。
你可以扩写故事；可以描写片断；也可以插上想象的翅膀，改写课文……记住：兴趣是可以培养的，兴趣的力量大无穷。在兴趣的驱使下，久而久之，你就会主动作文，拥有了写作的兴趣和热情。相信：不久，你就会写出精彩的文章。
篇18：高考写作素材：落马贪官当官当到部级，赚钱要过十亿
全文共 496 字
+ 加入清单10月17日，陕西原国土厅长王登记因受贿被一审判处无期徒刑。
陕西榆林某煤矿。榆林矿产资源丰富，在王登记的朋友圈中包括多位向其行贿的榆林煤老板。本组图片/视觉中国
陕西原国土厅长因受贿一审被判无期徒刑，曾让煤老板出5000万替其买官
2016年10月17日，廊坊市中级人民法院对陕西原国土厅长王登记受贿案作出一审宣判，判处其无期徒刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并处没收个人全部财产。
王登记的辩护律师廉高波告诉新京报记者，今年7月开庭时，62岁的王登记坐着轮椅出庭。在看守所羁押期间，王登记患上脊髓炎和马尾神经瘤，已无法站立。一审宣判后，他未提出上诉。
法院审理查明，王登记在担任榆林市市长、陕西国土厅厅长期间，利用职务上的便利，为他人在矿产资源整合、划定矿区范围、承揽工程等事项上谋取利益，收受他人财物，共计折合6624.34万元。
其中受贿数额最大的一笔为5000万元。判决书显示，2012年12月，王登记欲通过王登广 (另案处理)跑关系提升职务，让陕西商人高置林给付王登广5000万元。
案件一经曝光，受到舆论广泛关注。近日，新京报记者通过调查，还原了王登记与陕西多名煤老板之间的权钱交易，以及他的买官之路。
篇19：我的兴趣爱好作文
全文共 616 字
+ 加入清单我的爱好很多，但我最大的爱好是看书。
看书是我最大的兴趣，我尤其爱看关于科学方面的书，这些书，占了我家书架的二分之一还多。
在这些书中，《世界知识》最让我着迷。
记得在二年级时，爸爸去北京出差，无意间，在书店里发现了新出的《世界知识》。爸爸明白我爱看书，就买下了它。
一到家，爸爸把书给我，我如获至宝。我一翻开书，就被第一页上的精彩资料和图片深深地吸引住了。
从此，我与这本书结下了不解之缘，我每一天都要翻翻它，不看心里就像缺了点什么。
日复一日，年复一年，我如饥似渴地读书，从书中获得了丰富的知识。
去年科技节，学校在五年级开展了一次“科普知识竞赛”的活动，我义无反顾地参加了。当然，赛前我每一天都没少看《世界知识》。赛时，我用心动脑，搜索大脑中积存的知识，过五关，斩六将。决赛中，我又应答自如，一举拿下5分，为班级的胜出下汗马功劳。
之后，同学们一有空，就把我里三层，外三层地包得严严实实，听我讲历史和科学故事。这些可都得归功于我爱不释手的《世界知识》及其他课外书呀。书成了我的良师益友，我对书的兴趣也越来越浓厚，业余生活我除了买书就是借书。
从此，不管课堂和课外，只要一提到关于科学方面的东西，我总会滔滔不绝地说个没完，同学们还送我一个外号“小博士”。今年，六一，我还以全票透过，荣获校“书香少年”，激动之余，难以表达。
我爱书，爱看书。因为书让我获取知识、明白道理、收获成功。书伴我成长，我和书有不解之缘。
我要永远持续我的爱好，坚持每一天看书。
篇20：以名利为话题的高考写作素材
全文共 1370 字
+ 加入清单导语：善待名利，你将获得彩虹般绮丽的人生。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
名利是场，名利是网，几多较量，几多迷茫。名利是帆，名利是墙，几多奋斗，几多 沮丧。一个古老的哲理，一个常新的命题，世上没有不为名利的超人，只有善待名利的智者。假如人人都清心寡欲，那将是怎样一个世界?假如人人都利欲熏心，那又将是怎样一种情景?请你以名利为话题，写一篇文章。立意自定，文体自选，题目自拟，不少于800字。
提示：
话题材料简洁而辩证第揭示了怎样看待名利的问题，此题若选写议论文，也应运用辩证的眼光，恰如其分地展开剖析，不能片面化、绝对化，当然本题要写出新意与个性，还 可以在 文体与写法上多动脑筋。比如，赋予“名利”以生命形象，让他给主人写一封信，阐述“名利”的丰富内涵;或者大胆想象，虚构一个“名利”飞上天空，到上帝跟前“喊冤”的故事;又如，将“名利”虚拟成被告，写一场“心灵的审判”……都能给人以耳目一新的感觉。
作文标题可以也应该活泼、别致些。比如：1.都是名利惹的祸2.真水无香3.爱“你”没商量?4.名利，想说爱你不容易5.名利专访。
例文：
善待名利
名利是一种什么“病”?是一种通“病”，从人类文明开始至今，从地球的最南端到最北端，每个人都与名利结下不解之缘，有的人一味地追名逐利，有的人则善待名利。名利不是罪恶，在不同的人的身上有不同的价值。
“有些人因为贪婪，想得到更多的东西，却把现在所有的也失掉了。”的确，许多人在名利场上失掉了理智的指南针，陷入了名利的漩涡，结果越陷越深，难以自拔。这样的例子在历史上不胜枚举。但是，名利虽然做了一切恶事，而很多好事也是由名利而生的。
武则天当政时的宫廷诗人宋之问虽依附于权贵，人品低下，为世人所鄙视，但他所作的诗语言精练，气势流畅，为后世批评家所推崇。欧阳修、苏东坡是历代推崇的名士，但他们仕途不顺之后写下的名篇，不也是在为自己的怀才不遇而愤懑，为名利上的郁郁不得志而寄情山水吗?今天，当运动员在刷新一项项世界纪录，科学家在攻克一道道世界难题时，他们难道没有受到金牌、荣誉和金钱的诱惑吗?当然有。正因为在名利的驱动下，人类才会不断追求，在追求名利的过程中不断探索与创新：我们生活在名利之中，名利是我们生活的一部分：如果没有名利，就像没有绿洲的沙漠，使旅人失去了心中的希望。没有名利，就像没有黑夜的白昼，在纯粹的光明中，就像在纯粹的黑暗中一样，什么也看不见。没有名利，就像味觉失去了苦的感觉，虽然品尝得到甜的滋味，但失去了品尝甜的欣喜。没有名利的生活是不完整的，没有名利的生活是不可想象的。老子“小国寡民”、没有名利、远离名利的构想是不现实的。世上没有不为名利的超人，只有善待名利的智者。
名利绝不是万恶之源，关键在于你如何面对。如果你把名利看成一切，那么你将迷失自我，名利会成为切断你幸福的利刃;如果你善待名利，将名利作为奋勇进取的动力，那么名利将成为你的风帆，伴你渡过征程，送你走向成功。
每一杯过量的酒都是魔鬼酿成的毒汁，多一点的贪婪都是幸福的刽子手。
善待名利，你将获得彩虹般绮丽的人生。
评点：
这篇文章对“名利”作了一分为二的分析。文中不少语句富有意蕴，如“名利绝不是万恶之源，关键在于你如何面对”“每一杯过量的酒都是魔鬼酿成的毒汁，多一点的贪婪都是幸福的刽子手”，耐人咀嚼。