有关兴趣爱好的英语写作素材（经典20篇）

杨振宁先生放弃美国国籍，入籍中国。没想到的是，到今天，还有很多人拿杨振宁和翁帆的爱情故事来攻击杨振宁，甚至还贬低他的科学贡献。我把这篇2004年发表的文章再次发出来。

“杨翁恋”见证的社会偏见(刊发于《春城晚报》2004年12月25日)

现年82岁的第一位华人诺贝尔奖得主杨振宁，已于今年11月5日与芳龄28岁的广东外语外贸大学翻译系硕士班学生翁帆在北京订婚，预计明年1月正式结婚。

当我在娱乐新闻版面也看到了这则消息，并且在议论当中感觉出某些言外之意，甚至自己也在想，这样的新闻，这样的人物发生的“故事”，不简单啊，就觉得有必要说几句了。

文明的进步是有标准与尺度的，这些尺度与标准也包括在日常生活中精神层次上的事情，对一些小细节上的看法，比如对82岁的杨大教授的爱情，所质疑的表现，其实暴露的是我们社会当中，那种对私人生活的猜测，所使用的思维与偏见。

我们对基于物质的爱情非常理解。比如为了金钱、房子、车子而产生的相互妥协的婚姻;比如存在着潜在的微妙偏见的老夫少妻。要知道，人与人的结合，两个人在一起生活，从来都不是单一目的的。也许有人为物质，但也有很多人是纯粹的爱情冲动;多数人是每种动机都有一点混合在一起的;还有一种人，却是仅仅因为精神层面上的吸引，相互在一起。

年轻女研究生与一个知名于世界的大教授恋爱，利益动机的揣摩，见证的是我们的无聊;他们的爱情与公共利益无关，与我们的日常无关，属于可有可无的八卦。在这样的八卦新闻里，大家的兴趣取向固然是个人爱好，却反映出大众(也就是我们)的文明程度。

双方乐意，有柏拉图那样的境界，很正常。一个心理圈子里的朋友，讲到认识的某对心理名教授。女方就承认，她和70多岁的丈夫，一样是非常的幸福。

从情感需要上讲，这更加是超越了年龄的，一个人对于另外一个人情感上的满足，也就是被爱与施爱，年纪大的人其实更加有魅力，更加擅长。

我们不够的，所缺乏的，还是观念的进步。什么时候我们对精神层面的生活方式，认可得顺理成章，觉得是理所当然，欣赏与祝福多于猜测与嘴唇边一抹叫人不舒服充满玩味的笑，这个时候，我们的文明程度又向前走了一小步。

这并非是我觉得一个是诺贝尔奖得主，一个是女学生，所以他们就一定高于世俗，不该被议论;而是我们今天在议论他们的时候，选择了偏见，明天更加多的人会受到偏见的困扰。

歧视与偏见就陷入恶性循环，小市民的恶俗心理就永远纠缠下去。这样的社会心态以多数人存在，却又落后于文明的尺度。而我的言论也与指责无关，我只是想说，每个人都是可以自省一点的，你的自我观念也就更加文明一点。这是你可以选择如何去看的事情，你的选择是可以对个人与社会都有积极的影响。

I like reading books when I have time. I think its a good way to relax and spend my free time. When I was a kid, my mother often read books for me before I went to bed. From then on I was interested in reading books. "Books are mans best friends." Books give us knowledge.Through reading, we can understand more kinds of people, how do they think. When I read, I always lose myself in the book and forget all my worries. I like reading all kinds of books, story-books, novels and so on. My farourite book is "Harry Porter"

过了八公里的瞿塘峡，乌沉沉的云雾，突然隐去，峡顶上一道蓝天，浮着几小片金色浮云，一注阳光像闪电样落在左边峭壁上。右面峰顶上一片白云像白银片样发亮了，但阳光还没有降临。这时，远远前方，无数层峦叠嶂之上，迷蒙云雾之中，忽然出现一团红雾。你看，绛紫色的山峰，衬托着这一团雾，真美极了。就像那深谷之中向上反射出红色宝石的闪光，令人仿佛进入了神话境界。这时，你朝江流上望去，也是色彩缤纷：两面巨岩，倒影如墨;中间曲曲折折，却像有一条闪光的道路，上面荡着细碎的波光;近处山峦，则碧绿如翡翠。时间一分钟一分钟过去，前面那团红雾更红更亮了。船越驶越近，渐渐看清有一高峰亭亭笔立于红雾之中，渐渐看清那红雾原来是千万道强烈的阳光。八点二十分，我们来到这一片晴朗的金黄色朝阳之中。

The Spring Festival, the most important festival to Chinese. Is China the biggest, the most lively, one of the most important ancient traditional festivals, is also unique to Chinese festival.

Festival, is the beginning of the lunar calendar, another name is called New Years day, Spring Festival is the biggest, the most lively, China one of the most important ancient traditional festivals, is also unique to Chinese festival. Is the most concentrated expression of Chinese civilization. Since the western han dynasty, the custom of Spring Festival continues today. The Spring Festival, generally refers to New Years eve and the first day. But in private, in the traditional sense of the Spring Festival is from the Greek festival of the day or month, 23 or 24 people, until the fifteenth, among them with New Years eve and the first day of the first lunar month. How to celebrate this holiday, in one thousand years of history development, formed some relatively fixed customs and habits, there are a lot of handed down also. During the traditional festival, the Spring Festival of the han nationality in our country and most of ethnic minorities have to hold various celebration activities, these activities are to worship deities, worshiping ancestors, blow away the cobwebs, meet jubilee blessing, pray for good harvest as the main content. Form rich and colorful, activities with strong ethnic characteristics. On May 20, 2006, "Spring Festival" folk have been approved by the state council listed in the first batch of state-level non-material cultural heritage list.

The origin of the Spring Festival has a legend, the Chinese ancient times have a kind of call "year" monster, head long feelers, fierce abnormalities. "Year" the elder deep in the bottom of the sea, every New Years eve just climbed out, swallowed cattle damage lives. Therefore, every New Years eve that day, the people of CunCunZhaiZhai could flee to the mountains, to escape the "year" animal damage. One NianChuXi, from the village outside a begging the old man. Folks a hurried panic scene, only the east village, an old woman gave the old man some food, and urged him quickly up the hill avoid "year" beast, the old man stroked his beard say with smile: "mother-in-law if let me stay overnight in the home, I must have" years "beast." Old woman continue to persuasion, begging the old man smiling without a word. At midnight, "nian" beast into the village. It found the village atmosphere unlike previous years, village east wifes husbands family, the door stick red paper, candle lit the room. "Year" beast was a shake, long a sound. Nearly the door, hospital suddenly spread "banging spluttered" Fried sound, "nian" shuddered, again dare not go up. Originally, "year" the most afraid of red, fire and exploding. At this time, her mother-in-laws door open and saw hospital a red-robed man laughed. "Year" frightened to disgrace, mess up. The next day is the first day, the people of refuge back very surprised to see the village safe. At this point, the old woman was suddenly enlighted, quickly spoke to the fellow villagers begging the old mans promise. This matter quickly spread around the village, people know driven "years" beast approach. (the legend of hakka) from then on, every year New Years eve, families paste red couplets, firecrackers; Household candle lit, keeping stay by age. Beginning in the early morning, still walk close bunch of congratulate friends say hello. This custom spread more widely, Chinese the most solemn of the folk traditional festival.

春节，中国人最重要的节日。是中国最盛大、最热闹、最重要的一个古老传统节日，也是中国人所独有的节日。

节，是农历的岁首，春节的另一名称叫过年，是中国最盛大、最热闹、最重要的一个古老传统节日，也是中国人所独有的节日。是中华文明最集中的表现。自西汉以来，春节的习俗一直延续到今天。春节一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民间，传统意义上的春节是指从腊月初八的腊祭或腊月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一为高潮。如何过庆贺这个节日，在千百年的历史发展中，形成了一些较为固定的风俗习惯，有许多还相传至今。在春节这一传统节日期间，我国的汉族和大多数少数民族都有要举行各种庆祝活动，这些活动大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除旧布新、迎禧接福、祈求丰年为主要内容。活动形式丰富多彩，带有浓郁的民族特色。2006年5月20日，“春节”民俗经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

春节的来历有一种传说，中国古时候有一种叫“年”的怪兽，头长触角，凶猛异常。“年”长年深居海底，每到除夕才爬上岸，吞食牲畜伤害人命。因此，每到除夕这天，村村寨寨的人们扶老携幼逃往深山，以躲避“年”兽的伤害。有一年除夕，从村外来了个乞讨的老人。乡亲们一片匆忙恐慌景象，只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人些食物，并劝他快上山躲避“年”兽，那老人捋髯笑道：“婆婆若让我在家呆一夜，我一定把‘年’兽撵走。”老婆婆仍然继续劝说，乞讨老人笑而不语。 半夜时分，“年”兽闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同：村东头老婆婆家，门贴大红纸，屋内烛火通明。“年”兽浑身一抖，怪叫了一声。将近门口时，院内突然传来“砰砰啪啪”的炸响声，“年”浑身战栗，再不敢往前凑了。原来，“年”最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时，婆婆的家门大开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。“年”大惊失色，狼狈逃蹿了。第二天是正月初一，避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时，老婆婆才恍然大悟，赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。这件事很快在周围村里传开了，人们都知道了驱赶“年”兽的办法。(客家人的传说)从此每年除夕，家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹;户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早，还要走亲串友道喜问好。这风俗越传越广，成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日。

导语：不经历风雨怎能见彩虹，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

辽阔的天空中，就算是在聪明的老鹰也有摔下山崖的痛苦，只有经历过无数次尝试才能锤炼出一双坚硬的翅膀。

一颗洁白无瑕的珍珠，必然是经历过蚌的血和肉磨制而成的，才能有一颗耀眼的珍珠出现在我们的面前。

同样，一个真正有成就或真正有收获的人，这个人一定是经历过无数次的跌倒和无数次的失败才能一步一步的走向成功，是因为他们都有一个信念"不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹?没有一个人能一次顺利的完成一件事情，就算是一件很小很小的事情，也没有人一次就这么顺利的完成。只有经过无数次的失败，才能从失败中走出来。

《柳公权戒骄成名》中的柳公权从小就显示出他在书法方面上的过人天赋，他写的字远近闻名。他因此有些骄傲。不过，有一天他遇到了一个没有手的老人，竟然发现老人用脚写的字比柳公权用手写的字还要好。从此，他时时把"戒骄"记在心中，经过无数次的失败，最终成为了一代有名的书法大家。

《叶天士拜师勤学》中的叶天士自恃医术高明，看不起同行薛雪。有一次，叶天士的母亲病了，他束手无策，多亏薛雪不计前谋，治好了他母亲的病。从此，叶天士明白了：天外有天，人上有人的道理。于是他寻访天下名医，虚心求教，终于成为了江南真正的第一名医。

这些人都是经历过人生挫折的，但他们不怕失败反而从失败中走了出来。虚心学习，勤奋刻苦，不求别人的回报，只求自己能成功，最终他们走向了成功。

所以我们要对每一个人来说，失败并不可怕，可怕的是离成功就差一点点的时候，因为有一次的失败反而让你放弃。

冰心说："成功的花，人们只惊慕它现时的明艳!然而当初它的芽儿，浸透了奋斗的泪泉，洒遍了牺牲的血雨。"

所以我们每个人面对不幸时都不能放弃，因为我们都有可能在改变心态后，握住生命中的任何一根链条。

我要说的是，没有经历一次次的失败和一次

导语：文明在我心、公德伴我行。以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的名人诚信故事，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、文明从小事做起

我国是世界是着名的文明古国、礼仪之邦，有着悠久的礼仪传统。从古到今，代代相传。随着社会的发展，礼仪也不断发展，并加入新的内涵，能给人以启迪和力量。

事情发生在前年冬天，天气已经非常冷了。北京的冬天寒风凛冽，我们全家乘车外出看电影。因为奥运会官员到北京考查，北京的街头到处都摆着各色塑料花卉，冬日里让人感到了一丝暖意。我们在车里吃着零食，听着音乐，惬意极了。

快到东直门时，妈妈将装有废物的垃圾袋顺着车窗就投向外面，我急忙制止已来不及。我要求爸爸把车开回去捡起垃圾，可妈妈说车已经无法返回，再说路上车那么多，如果回去的话撞车怎么办?妈妈甚至说下次改掉也就罢了。可我坚决不干，最后爸爸终于把车开了回来。妈妈找回了扔掉的垃圾。虽然耽误了好多时间，但全家都认为我这样的做法是对的。回家的路上，机场高速路两边的树上挂着好多不同颜色的垃圾袋，全家人都进行了深刻的反省。

从此以后，我们全家人都以实际行动成为“讲文明、护环境”的大使。上周，我们全家去爬香山，赏红叶，带了好多食物去野餐。野餐之后，大家分别将垃圾收好，背着下山，到有垃圾桶的地方才扔掉。这样的事情，在我们家里再也不用我监督，都会自觉所为。妈妈更是用实际行动让我感动。她经常会在公共场所将地上的垃圾捡起，扔进垃圾桶。

讲文明、讲礼貌，需要的是人人从我做起，从小事做起。我们是国家的小主人，我们有义务去帮助没有受到良好教育的人去学习文明、实践文明。因为我们今天有了丰富的物质生活，更需要建设高度的精神文明。这样，我们的国家才能成为强大的、高度文明的国家，文明才能受到更多人的敬仰。

二、都是不文明惹的祸

在一座神秘的大森林里，住着一群可爱的小精灵，它们有着一双透明的翅膀，尖尖的耳朵，小巧可爱。而在森林的另一头，住着他们的敌人，它生得丑陋，名为丑八怪。他专抓不讲文明的小精灵，上帝规定，只要小精灵有不礼貌的，就任凭丑八怪处置。这下可美了丑八怪，每隔几天，就会有小精灵被它抓进金鸟笼里。

小精灵们再也受不了这种日子了。决心要改变这种命运。它们坚持每天做文明的小事。可总有懒惰的，懒懒是一个非常懒的小精灵，他懒得去做这些。每天还是呼呼睡大觉。见了长辈不礼貌，这可惹了大祸，丑八怪在魔球里发现了这个小东西，欣喜若狂，立刻派手下去抓它回来。懒懒这时还在苔藓上睡觉呢，丑八怪的手下轻而易举的就将懒懒抓走了。

当懒懒睡醒时，先是伸了个懒腰，然后长舒一口气，刚要起来就撞倒了，丑八怪尖笑着：“啊哈，小东西，我可真幸运，我已经好久没抓到过小精灵了，一会儿，我要把你做成点心，填饱我这肚子。”懒懒吓得又哭又叫，他可真后悔当初自己太懒，为什么自己的名字叫“懒懒”，就在这时，同伴来救它了，咪咪和精精用魔法将丑八怪困住，偷出钥匙打开了笼门，又使用瞬间飞移回到了精灵城堡。懒懒不好意思的低下了头，精灵长老安慰它说：“孩子，不必担心，只要你以后礼貌待人，就会幸福快乐的。”懒懒听后发誓，今后一定要做一个文明的小精灵。

三、孔融让梨

孔融有五个哥哥，一个小弟弟。

有一天，家里吃梨。一盘梨子放在大家面前，哥哥让弟弟先拿。你猜，孔融拿了一个什么样的梨?他不挑好的，不拣大的，只拿了一个最小的。爸爸看见了，心里很高兴：别看这孩子才四岁，还真懂事哩。就故意问孔融：“这么多的梨，又让你先拿，你为什么不拿大的，只拿一个最小的呢?”孔融回答说：“我年纪小，应该拿个最小的;大的留给哥哥吃。”父亲又问他：“你还有个弟弟哩，弟弟不是比你还要小吗?”

孔融说：“我比弟弟大，我是哥哥，我应该把大的留给弟弟吃。”

你看，孔融讲得多好啊。他父亲听了，哈哈大笑：“好孩子，好孩子，真是一个好孩子。”

孔融四岁，知道让梨。上让哥哥，下让弟弟。大家都很称赞他。

四、总理道歉

霍克就任澳大利亚总理期间，有一次在一家商场内与一位老人就养老金问题发生争执。霍克一时冲动，骂那位老人：“愚蠢的老家伙。”老人因此把他告到法院。霍克举行记者招待会，就自己不文明的语言，公开向这位老者道歉。他说：“那天我非常烦恼，但这不能成为我使用那种措辞的理由。如果我确实伤害了他的话，我愿意就此向这位先生道歉，诚请宽容我的不逊。”

五、列宁让路

有一次，列宁下楼，在楼梯狭窄的过道上，正碰见一个女工端着一盆水上楼。那女工一看是列宁，就要给列宁让路，准备自己退回去。列宁阻止她说：“不必这样，你端着东西走了半截，而我现在空着手，请你先过去吧!”他把“请”字说得很响亮，很亲切。然后自己紧靠着墙，让女工上楼了，他才下楼。列宁毫无疑问是一位伟人，但他却不因自己地位的高贵而无礼，这更显出了他伟大的品质。

六、“忍气吞声”的林肯

有一次，美国总统林肯和儿子罗伯特驱车上街，遇到一列军队在街上通过。林肯随口问一位路人：“这是什么?”林肯原想问是哪个州的兵团，但没有说清楚。那人以为他不认识军队，便粗鲁地回答：“这是联邦军队，你真是个他妈的大笨蛋。”林肯面对着一个普通路人对自己的斥责，只说了声“谢谢”，毫无怒容。

七、委屈奖的来历

上海公交22路车售票员柯莉萍，曾获得一个很特殊的奖项——“委屈奖”。一天，一名男青年买车票时，故意将一口痰吐在一张伍角纸币上，又扔在车厢的地上。其他乘客在指责男青年的同时，也悄悄地注视着柯莉萍。只见她弯下腰拾起纸币，用餐巾擦去痰沫，随后又礼貌地向男青年递上车票。柯莉萍的行为受到了乘客的赞扬，男青年更是自感惭愧，向柯莉萍道了歉。事后，同事向车队汇报了此事，车队领导于是向柯莉萍特别颁发了“委屈奖”，以鼓励全队的售票员。

八、以尊重换尊重

在南北朝时期的齐国，有一个叫陆晓慧的人，他才华横溢，博闻强识，为人更是恭谨亲切。他曾在好几个王的手下当过长史，可以说是一个高高在上的人了，然而他却从来不把自己看得很高，前来拜见他的官员，不管官大官小，他都以礼相待，一点儿也不摆驾子。如果客人离开，他更会站起身亲自将对方送到门外。

有一个幕僚看到这种情景，很是难以理解，就对他说：“陆长史官居高位，不管对谁，哪怕对老百姓也是彬彬有礼，这样实在有失身份，更什么也得不到，长史何必这样麻烦呢?”陆晓慧听了不以为然地轻松一笑，说道：“欲先取之，必先与之。我想让所有的人都尊重我，那我就必须尊重所有的人。”

陆晓慧一生都奉行这个准则，所以得到非常多的人的尊重和支持，他的政绩也远远地超过别人。

九、文明礼仪的楷模

孙中山先生是中国资产阶级革命的先行者，又是文明礼貌的楷模。他认为：随地吐痰、留长指甲、不刷牙等陋习，都是违反文明礼貌的行为，是与我们中华民族的文明传统不相称的。他提倡“诚忠形外”，注意“一举一动之微”的文明。

十、尊师

一个春雨霏霏的日子，漫画“三毛”的作者张乐平一手撑雨伞，一手提蛋糕，去看望50余年没有见过面的小学启蒙老师陆寅生。陆寅生曾经给张乐平出了个题目，指导他画政治讽刺画，这是张乐平学漫画的开始。此事虽已过去50多年，但张乐平记忆犹新。80多岁的陆老师把张乐平打量了一下，问：“你是谁?找谁?”张乐平说：“我是张平啊，现在叫张乐平。”陆老师兴奋异常：“几十年来难得你还想着我，真不容易啊!”张乐平说：“我的第一幅漫画是您教我画的，我一直没有忘记您!”

十一、朱德尊师

1957年初，朱德在云南政治学校礼堂和大家一起看戏。开演前，朱德同志和周围的观众愉快地交流，这时，一位年近古稀的老人在旁人的搀扶下走进礼堂，朱德见老人来了，急忙起身向前，立正行军礼，礼毕又亲切地叫了一声“叶老师”，然后，朱德又请老人入座，待老人坐定后，自己才坐下。原来，这位老人叫叶成林，是朱德早年在云南陆军讲武堂学习时的教官。

十二、傲慢的小老鼠

从前有一只小老鼠，总觉得自己了不起，对别人很不礼貌。

一次他去上学，一只蜗牛迎面走了过来，挡住了他的去路。小老鼠凶巴巴地说：“小不点儿，滚开，别挡我的路!”小老鼠说着一脚踢了过去，把蜗牛踢得滚出去很远。

有一次，小老鼠到河边喝水，觉得河里的一条小鱼妨碍了他，于是，捡起一块石头就扔了过去。小鱼受到袭击，吓了一跳，慌忙躲避。小老鼠哈哈大笑说：“知道我的厉害了吧”。

一天晚上，小老鼠在回家的路上看见一只小猪躺在路边，就趾高气扬地说：“谁给你这么大的胆子，竟敢挡住我的路”说着，一脚踢了过去。“嘭”地一声，小老鼠正好踢到小猪的脚上，小猪倒没什么事，小老鼠却“唉呦，唉呦”地叫了起来，原来他的脚肿起了一个大包。小猪站起来对小老鼠说：“你对别人傲慢无礼，不懂得尊重人，今天尝到苦头了吧!只有尊重别人，才能获得别人的尊重。”小老鼠看着受伤的脚，羞愧地低下了头。

十三、程门立雪

杨时(1053~1135)是北宋时一位很有才华的才子，南剑州将乐人(今属福建)。中了进士后，他放弃做官，继续求学。

程颢(1032~1085)、程颐(1033~1107)兄弟俩是当时很有名望的大学问家、哲学家、教育学，洛阳人，同是北宋理学的奠基人。他们的学说为后来的南宋朱熹所继承，世称程朱学派。杨时仰慕二程的学识，投奔洛阳程颢门下，拜师求学，4年后程颢去世，又继续拜程颐为师。这时他年已40，仍尊师如故，刻苦学习。

一天，大雪纷飞，天寒地冻，杨时碰到疑难问题，便冒着凛冽的寒风，约同学游酢(1053~1123年)一同前往老师家求教。当他来到老师家，见老师正坐在椅子上睡着了，他不忍打搅，怕影响老师休息，就静静地侍立门外等候。当老师一觉醒来时他们的脚下已积雪一尺深了，身上飘满了雪。老师忙把杨时等两人请进屋去，为他们讲学。后来，“程门立雪”成为了广为流传的尊师典范。

十四、问路礼仪

牛皋向一位老者问路，他在马路上吼道：“哎，老头儿!爷问你，农场怎么走?”老人说“往前走1500丈”。牛皋奇怪地说“怎么是丈不是里呢”。老人说“我们这儿说丈不说理”，牛皋红着脸走了。过了一会儿，岳飞也来到这里，他先下马，然后上前施礼，“请问老丈，方才可曾见一个骑黑马的?他往哪条路上去了?”老人见岳飞颇有礼貌，便耐心的给他指路。这正如俗话所说：“礼到人心暖，无礼讨人嫌”。

十五、仅仅因为一口痰吗

这是一场艰难的谈判。

一天下来，美国约瑟先生对于对手——中国某医疗机械的范厂长，既恼火又钦佩。这个范厂长对即将引进的“大输液管”生产线行情非常熟悉。不仅对设备的技术指数要求高，而且价格压的很低。在中国，约瑟似乎没有遇到过这样难缠而有实力的谈判对手。他断定，今后和务实的范厂长合作，事业是能顺利的。

于是信服地接受了范厂长那个偏低的报价。“ok!”双方约定第二天正式签定协议。(www.52article.com 励志文章阅读)天色尚早，范厂长邀请约瑟到车间看一看。车间井然有序，约瑟边看边赞许的点头。走着走着，突然，范厂长觉得嗓子里有条小虫在爬，不由得咳了一声，便急急的向车间一角奔去。约瑟诧异地盯着范厂长，只见他在墙角吐了一口痰，然后用鞋底擦了擦，油漆的地面留下了一片痰渍。约瑟快步走出车间，不顾范厂长的竭力挽留，坚决要回宾馆。

第二天一早，翻译敲开范厂长的门，递给他一封约瑟的信：“尊敬的范先生，我十分钦佩您的才智与精明，但车间里你吐痰的一幕使我一夜难眠。恕我直言，一个厂长的卫生习惯，可以反映一个工厂的管理素质。况且，我们今后生产的是用来治病的输液管。贵国有句谚语：人命关天!请原谅我的不辞而别，否则，上帝会惩罚我的……”

范厂长觉得头“轰”的一声，像要炸了。

十六、垃圾回家记

我国是个文明古国，以“礼仪之邦”着称于世。古今中外，许多知礼谦让的故事流传至今。比如：众所周知的“孔融让梨”，说的是孔融七岁时，便懂得礼让;“张良拾鞋”讲的是张良尊敬老人，主动拾鞋，并恭恭敬敬地给老人穿上的故事。国家主席毛泽东，虽然身居高位，却平易近人，谦恭礼让。我们敬爱的周总理，待客热情周到，是世界公认的最有风度的领导和外交家。从这些故事中，我们得到启示：我们从小就要养成讲文明懂礼貌的好习惯。

说起文明礼貌，我想起一件发生在我身边的事。有一天，我和往常一样走在回家的路上，到了楼梯口，我发现墙角有一袋垃圾，这时候楼上的胡奶奶正好走下来，一开始，她没有注意到墙角的垃圾，因为她的眼睛不太好，这时又迎面走来了一位叔叔，胡奶奶回头瞄了他一眼，这才发现了墙角的垃圾，于是转身走回到原地，捡起那袋垃圾，走到垃圾桶面前，“扑通”扔了进去。这袋垃圾回到了应该属于它的地方，胡奶奶也悄然离去。看着胡奶奶离去的身影，我的心里十分后悔，为什么我没有去捡那袋垃圾呢?

虽然这是一桩不起眼的小事情，但她却是保护环境的意义所在。

同学们，让我们行动起来吧，人人争做环境保护的小卫士，人人争做合格的文明礼仪小公民!

十七、让座

在一个阳光明媚的日子里，我和妈妈12路去爱特购物。上车的人真多，我和妈妈上车后赶紧找了两个座位坐了下来，很快车上就没座位了。不一会儿，汽车开到了电影院站头。这时，上来一个大约七十多岁的老奶奶，她步履蹒跚地上了车，不等老奶奶站稳，车子又启动了，差点把那位老奶奶给摔倒了，大家都好像没有看见似的。而我呢，坐在一旁想：如果我把座位让给她，那我自己离到站还那么远……我真是又想让座，又不想让座。这时仿佛有一个声音在对我说：“你是一名少先队员，应该讲文明，讲礼仪，要乐于助人。”我想了想，就不由自主地站了起来。

就在我准备让座的时候，忽然有一位七八岁的小女孩站起来了，她声音甜甜地对那位老奶奶说：“老奶奶，您坐我的座位吧!”“谢谢你，你真是个好孩子!”老奶奶感激地夸奖这位小女孩。

望着这位大眼睛、圆脸蛋的小女孩，我忽然有一阵愧疚感：我最初为什么犹犹豫豫，不想让座呢?小女孩的一举一动深深地印在我的脑海里，让我永远难以忘记。

十八、“会”说话

大作家夏衍老人临终前感到身体十分难受，秘书就说：“我去叫大夫。”不料老人极其困难的说了一句：“不是‘叫’，是‘请’。”

公共汽车上，一中年妇女提着鱼上车，蹭脏了中学生小刚的新衣服。中年妇女：“衣服脏了没关系，回家洗洗就行了。”

小刚笑了：“阿姨，我该说的话都让您说了。我只有说‘对不起了!’”众人向小刚投来赞许的目光，中年妇女被这幽默的批评羞红了脸。

十九、曾子避席

“曾子避席”出自《孝经》，是一个非常着名的故事。曾子是孔子的弟子，有一次他在孔子身边侍坐，孔子就问他：“以前的圣贤之王有至高无上的德行，精要奥妙的理论，用来教导天下之人，人们就能和睦相处，君王和臣下之间也没有不满，你知道它们是什么吗?”曾子听了，明白老师孔子是要指点他最深刻的道理，于是立刻从坐着的席子上站起来，走到席子外面，恭恭敬敬地回答道：“我不够聪明，哪里能知道，还请老师把这些道理教给我。”

在这里，“避席”是一种非常礼貌的行为，当曾子听到老师要向他传授时，他站起身来，走到席子外向老师请教，是为了表示他对老师的尊重。曾子懂礼貌的故事被后人传诵，很多人都向他学习。

二十、张良拜师

张良是西汉高祖刘邦的军师，他的祖先是韩国人。在秦灭韩后，张良立志为韩国报仇。有一次，因刺杀秦始皇未遂，受到追捕而避居到下邳。张良在下邳闲暇无事。有一天他到下邳桥上散步，碰到一个老人，穿着粗布短衣，走到张良旁边，故意把他的鞋子掉到桥下。然后回过头来冲着张良说：“孩子!下桥去给我把鞋子拾上来!”张良听了一愣，很想打他一下，但一看他是个老人，就强忍着怒气，到桥下把鞋拾了上来。那老人竟又命令说：“把鞋子给我穿上!”张良一想，既然已经给他拾来了鞋子，不如就给他穿上吧，于是就跪在地上给他穿鞋。

那老人把脚伸着，让张良给他穿好后，就笑嘻嘻地走了。张良一直用惊奇的目光注视着他的去向。那老人走了里把路，又折回身来，对张良说：“你这个孩子是能培养成才的。5天以后的早上，天一亮，就到这里来同我会面!”张良跪下来说：“是。”第五天天刚亮，张良到了下邳桥上。不料那老人已经等在那里了，见了张良就生气地说：“和老人约会，怎么迟到了?以后的第五天早上再来相会!”说完就离去了。

到第五天早上，鸡一叫，张良就赶去，可是那老人又等在那里了，见了张良又生气地说：“怎么又掉在我后面了?过了五天再早点来!”说完又走了。到第五天，张良没到半夜就赶到桥上，等了好久，那老人也来了，他高兴地说：“这样才好。”然后他拿出一本书来，指着说道：“认真研读这本书，就能做帝王的老师了!过十年，天下形势有变，你就会发迹了。以后13年，你就会在济北郡谷城山下看到我——那儿有块黄石就是我了。”老人说完就走了。

早上天亮时，张良拿出那本书来一看，原来是《太公兵法》(辅佐周武王伐纣的姜太公的兵书)!张良十分珍爱它，经常熟读，反复地学习、研究。

10年过去了，陈胜等人起兵反秦，张良也聚集了100多人响应。沛公刘邦率领了几千人马，在下邳的西面攻占了一些地方，张良就归附于他，成为他的部属。从此张良根据《太公兵法》经常向沛公献计献策，沛公认为很好，常常采用他的计谋，后来成了刘邦运筹帷幄，决胜千里的军师。刘邦称帝后，封他为留侯。

张良始终不忘那个给他《太公兵法》的老人。13年后，他随从刘邦经过济北时，果然在谷城山下看见有块黄石，并把它取回，称之为“黄石公”，作为珍宝供奉起来，按时祭祀。张良死后，家属把这块黄石和他葬在一起。

南瓜灯(Jack-O-Lantern)是庆祝万圣节的标志物。下面语文迷网整理了关于南瓜灯的故事作文，希望对你有帮助。

One story about Jack， an Irishman， who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money. So he was sent to hell. But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan)， so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.

Well， Irish children made Jacks lanterns on October 31st from a large potato or turnip， hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside. And Irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla. The Irish name for these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern，" abbreviated as " Jack-o-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern."

The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just childrens fun night. Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.

关于万圣节有这样一个故事。是说有一个叫杰克的爱尔兰人，因为他对钱特别的吝啬，就不允许他进入天堂，而被打入地狱。但是在那里他老是捉弄魔鬼撒旦，所以被踢出地狱，罚他提着灯笼永远在人世里行走。

在十月三十一日爱尔兰的孩子们用土豆和萝卜制作“杰克的灯笼”，他们把中间挖掉、表面上打洞并在里边点上蜡烛。为村里庆祝督伊德神的万圣节，孩子们提着这种灯笼挨家挨户乞讨食物。这种灯笼的爱尔兰名字是“拿灯笼的杰克”或者“杰克的灯笼”，缩写为Jack-o-lantern 。

现在你在大多数书里读到的万圣节只是孩子们开心的夜晚。在小学校里，万圣节是每年十月份开始庆祝的。孩子们会制作万圣节的装饰品：各种各样桔红色的南瓜灯。

if a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me.

上当一回头，再多就可耻。

if you make yourself an ass, don‘t complain if people ride you.

人善被人欺，马善被人骑。

if your ears glow, someone is talking of you.

耳朵发烧，有人念叨。

if you run after two hares, you will catch neither.

脚踏两条船，必定落空。

if you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.

杀鸡取卵。

if you venture nothing, you will have nothing.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

a cat may look at a king.

人人平等。

adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

a fair death honors the whole life.

死得其所，流芳百世。

a faithful friend is hard to find.

知音难觅。

a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

a fox may grow gray, but never good.

江山易改，本性难移。

a friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。

a friend is easier lost than found.

得朋友难，失朋友易。

Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.

Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。

Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.

Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.

No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。

Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.

Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.

Manners make the man. 举止见人品。

Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.

Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.

Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥，难听不怕。

Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.

Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.

Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.

Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.

Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.

Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.

Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。

Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.

As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.

Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日，人人都有运来时。

Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.

"Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。

After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。

Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.

Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.

Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.

No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.

The truth will out. 真相总会大白.

Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.

To think is to see. 思考就是明白.

Truth will prevail. 真理必胜

A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。

Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.

In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.

Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.

Every little helps. 点滴都有用.

Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。

Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.

Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.

Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.

Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.

Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.

Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.

Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.

Charlie Plumb was a US Navy jet pilot in Vietnam. He flew 74 consecutive successful combat missions. However on his 75th mission, his F4Phantom fighter was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile and he was forced to eject. The only thing between him and imminent death was his parachute that he prayed would open. The parachute did open and Charlie made it down to the ground alive, but he was captured and spent 6 years as a prisoner of war in a Vietnamese prison camp.

查理·普拉姆是一名越战时美国海军喷气机飞行员。他曾驾机连续成功执行了74次战斗任务。然而，在他第75此执行任务时，他的F4幽灵战斗机被一发地对空导弹炸毁，他被弹射了出去。唯一能够从死亡的边缘挽救他的就是随身带的降落伞，他祈祷着伞能打开。结果，降落伞顺利打开了，查理得以活着着陆，但被敌军俘虏，在越南监狱里被关了6年。

One day, many years after returning to his homeland, Charlie and his wife were sitting in a little restaurant in Kansas City when he noticed two tables over was this guy who kept looking at him.

他回到祖国很多年后的一天，查理和妻子坐在堪萨斯城的一个小饭馆里，发现隔着两桌，有个人一直在看他。

Finally the guy stood up and walked over to Charlies table and said, “Youre Captain Plumb.Youre that guy. You flew jet fighters in Vietnam. Youre a fighter pilot, part of that Top Gun outfit. You launched from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk, you parachuted into enemy territory and you spent six years as a prisoner of war.”

终于，那人站起来走向查理的桌子，对他说：“你是普拉姆机长。就是你，你在越南驾驶喷气战斗机，你是个战斗机飞行员，穿着飞行服的‘精英一族’。你从吉提霍克号航空母舰起飞，跳伞落到了敌军阵营，后来作为战俘被关了六年。”

Somewhat dumbfounded, Charlie looked up at the guy and asked, “How in the world did you know all that?” The man chuckled and said, “Because I packed your parachute.”

查理听完几乎目瞪口呆，他抬头看着那个人问道：“你怎么，怎么会知道所有这些?”那人呵呵笑道：“因为我帮你打包整理的降落伞。”

Charlie was speechless. The man grabbed Charlies hand and pumped his arm and said, “I guess it worked,” and walked off.

查理一句话都说不出来。那人抓住查理的手，拉着他的胳膊说：“我想降落伞真的起作用了，”然后就转身走了。

Charlie laid awake that night, thinking about all the times he had walked through the long narrow room, below sea level on the aircraft carrier, with the tables where the men packed the parachutes. He wondered how many times he must have walked past this man without even saying “hi,” “good morning” or “good job” or “I appreciate what you do.”

当天晚上查理失眠了，想到在潜入水下的航母上，他走过那间长长的狭窄的房间，许多人围着桌子为飞行员打包降落伞。他想到自己不知有多少次曾与那个人擦身而过，却都没有说一句“你好”，“早上好”，或是“干得好”，“对你做的我很感激”之类的话。

“How many times did I pass the man whose job would eventually save my life…because I was a jet jockey, because I was a fighter pilot and he was just a sailor? ” he asked himself.

“我有多少次走过那个最终救了我命的人身边却无视他?因为我是个飞行员，是个战斗机飞行员而他仅仅是个水手?”他质问自己。

Think about this for yourself. How many times in life do you pass the people who help you out the most? The people who come out of the far corners of your life just when you need them the most and pack your parachutes for you? The people who go the extra mile, the people who dont look for the kudos or the accolades or the achievement medal or even the bonus check—the folks who are just out there packing parachutes?

回过头想想自己吧。人生中有多少次你曾无视地走过帮助你最多的人?那个看似离你的生活最远，却在最需要的时候默默替你打包降落伞的人?那些多付出一些的人，那些不求功名利禄，不求奖章甚至好处的人——那些仅仅是打包降落伞的人?

蚯蚓早就听蝼蚁说：地面上太阳太美丽，只要到地面上看到光明就能看到太阳，也许我就能触摸到太阳。一天蚯蚓无事可做就钻出地面，那天晴空万里，阳光普照。蚯蚓刚一露头就暴露在火辣辣的阳光中，蚯蚓一看到阳光就想触摸太阳，它用尽力气也无法脱离地面。最后累得半死也没有触摸到太阳，蚯蚓只好灰溜溜地钻回地下。

我也经常做这样的事情，时常充满激情去生活，看似给自己定下长远目标，可是当自己准备行动时，却发现目标遥不可及，面对条条大路不知哪一条路属于自己，因为太遥远的目的地地图上是寻不到到达的路途。过于空洞的理想不如没有理想，一群鹿漫无目的的行走在草原上可以吃饱，如果它们天天想着天河岸边的青草而不顾脚下青青河边草，终有一天会饿死。高远的理想谁都能立，但是到达目的地的人有几个，也不是没有人坚持过，很多人一生只做一件事，到头来还是抱恨终生，为什么，我个人觉得要么是目标太高超过了自己的能力范围，要么就是水中捞月。

中学时我有一同学天天和尖子生比成绩，不管什么时候都在不停地写啊算啊，一学期没上完因为严重的脑神经衰弱和精神压力而神经失常。现在每次从他家门口经过，看着他衣衫褴褛地站在路边木呆呆看着过往行人，我心中总是沉甸甸的，如果他像我们这些没心没肺的人一样，有多大力量干多大事，眉清目秀的他不会至今孑然一身无依无靠，甚至失去了做人的感觉。

一个人没有理想可悲，可是如果整天想着得道飞天，即使被摔得粉身碎骨也在所不惜，这些人真的值得惋惜吗?古时一些秀才科举一生，一口鲜血喷在皇榜上，除了可伶的同情我没有其他情感。我想如果老学究们改投他行，可能历史上会多出现几个陶朱公。

所以我认为没有理想的生活是没有激情的，但不切实际的理想是要命的，对家人对自己都没有好处可言。故而自己制定计划时不可一味追求高大上，要根据自己的客观条件稍稍超过自己的能力范围是非常可取的。

作者：李雨涵

我的兴趣爱好是拉小提琴，虽然小提琴还没有完全的成为我的灵魂中不可割舍的一部分，但是，我也是一有时间就拿出来练琴。

“吃饭了！”妈妈再叫我了，但是我的琴声太尖，并没有听见妈妈的召唤，依旧继续练琴，“吃饭了！”妈妈又把声音放高了两倍，但是我还是没有听见，经过妈妈的再三召唤，我还是没有出房间吃饭，最后，妈妈气的破门而入，气的火冒三丈，我看得出来她的头发都着了火，吓得我赶紧把琴放下，飞快的跑到餐厅里吃饭，免了一次妈妈给我讲大道理的时间。

经这件事情以后，我很少练小提琴了，但是还是禁不住的练习小提琴，这次，我又重新架起了小提琴，但是，没有很放开的练习，生怕妈妈再叫我，我就又听不到了，这次，妈妈叫我，我放下琴。跑到了妈妈面前，妈妈说：“你去楼下买一包绿色袋子包装的盐，又不用出小区，这点事儿，能办好吗？”我点了点头。

到了超市里，我满脑子想的都是小提琴的谱子，只记得妈妈让我买盐，我随随便便的拿了一包盐就回家了，我把盐交给妈妈后，才想起来，我买错盐了，结果又被妈妈训了一顿。

虽然，妈妈没有没收我的小提琴，但是妈妈让我以后少练琴，多看看书，增长增长阅读知识，提高我的作文水平。

从此以后，我大多数都在看书，很少练琴。

我的爱好有许多，其中有看书、玩电脑、跑赛、听京剧，但是我最喜欢的还是听京剧!

6岁的那年，我在看电视。看着看着，就播到了综艺台，综艺台正在播《佘洪招婿》这个节目!我当时不知道这是怎么回事，只觉得主人公脸上花花绿绿的，嘴里咿咿呀呀的很好玩!后来我才知道，这些颜色代表着主人公的性格和特质，生命与角色!渐渐地，我喜欢上了京剧。

有一天，小妹来我家玩，爸爸在看电视。我和小妹一会儿玩偷西瓜，一会儿玩老鹰捉小鸡。忽听电视里传来京剧声，我就像被施了魔法一样迫不及待地向电视跑去!我把爸爸从电视机旁挤开，开始跟着电视有滋有味地哼唱起来，虽然我唱歌跑调，但哼哼起来京剧还是不错的。这时，小妹又来捣乱了。她在我面前一会儿扭扭屁股，一会儿甩甩肩膀。要知道，我平时是从来不向小妹发火的!可今天，我大吼一声：“别在我面前瞎转悠，没见我正看京剧呢吗?”小妹吓得大哭起来，妈妈闻声急忙赶来，边哄小妹边骂我!而我呢，却像没听见似的，照样跟着唱，甚至还手舞足蹈起来了呢!

我喜爱听京剧，京剧是中国的传统文化，是国粹，以后我还要深入研究呢!

最大限度减少地震伤亡

四川雅安地震发生后，习近平、李克强作出重要指示，要求抓紧了解灾情，把抢救生命作为首要任务，千方百计救援受灾群众，科学施救，最大限度减少伤亡，同时要加强地震监测，切实防范余震带来的次生灾害，妥善做好受灾群众安置工作，维护灾区社会稳定。

根据习近平总书记、李克强总理重要指示精神，中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理汪洋立即召开会议作出工作部署，决定启动国务院抗震救灾Ⅰ级响应。国务院有关部门和军队、武警部队有关方面紧急赶赴灾区慰问受灾群众，指导抗震救灾工作。

中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李克强，副总理汪洋，国务院秘书长杨晶乘专机前往四川雅安地震灾区。李克强强调，要抓紧黄金24小时救援，同时要科学救援，一定要科学救援。

适用方向：态度;救援;灾害面前;百姓情怀;快速反应

不要预支明天的痛苦

美国海豹突击队是举世闻名的特种部队，能在海豹突击队服役无疑是美国军人最大的光荣。因为它的出类拔萃，所以海豹突击队的训练是极其残酷的，这也应了那句老话：“训练时多流汗，战场上少流血。”考虑到每个人的忍耐程度不同，海豹突击队特意在训练场边挂了一口钟，并且相当人性化地规定：如果无法忍受训练的强度，可以亲手敲响这口钟，表示自动放弃，然后可以卷铺盖走人。

虽然当逃兵是可耻的，但苦于训练的残酷，钟声还是时不时的响起。但是，很快教官就发现了一个奇怪的现象：极少有人在训练的过程中敲响那口钟，90%以上的钟声是在结束一天的训练、晚上休息时响起的，而这恰恰是一天中最放松的时刻!

百思不解的教官们找到一位心理学家，心理学家对这一现象深入研究后得出结论：“他们挺过了一天的训练，却总担心明天熬不过去，他们提前预支了明天的痛苦，不由自主地陷入恐惧之中，越想越害怕，最终选择了放弃!”

适用方向：毅力;意志;苦与甜;把握当下;坚持就是胜利

不想让人同情的盲人歌手

在2012年7月13日“中国好声音”的舞台上，最后一位来自宝岛台湾的选手张玉霞，给观众带来了深深的震撼。她是盲人，但她的声音好像是来自天堂，唱进了每个人的心里。

35岁的张玉霞，目前在台北淡水做街头艺人。3个月大时，由于视神经萎缩导致失明，但她一直没有放弃歌唱事业，歌龄长达15年。张玉霞模仿邓丽君已经到了出神入化的地步，现在她成了淡水街头一道独特的风景，拥有大量的歌迷。

“中国好声音”导演邬稚晖，是亲自联系张玉霞登台的人。她说，最初张玉霞不愿意参加节目，“我亲自飞去淡水找到她后，发现她之前一直对自己唱歌获得大家赞赏心存疑虑：人们是不是因为同情才喜欢自己?我把节目的盲选规则告诉她，说在听到她的声音之前，导师是看不到她的样子的。这才打动了她”。邬稚晖表示，从最初跟张玉霞接触，到说服她站在“中国好声音”舞台上，花费了超过3个月时间。一曲《独上西楼》，把命运的孤寂表现得淋漓尽致;而与那英合唱的《征服》，却又将不被命运征服的决心展示得气势磅礴。这就是张玉霞——不想被人同情的盲人歌手。舒淇更在微博中赞叹说：“唱出感人的心境，天生一副好歌喉!”

适用方向：感动;尊重;追求;坚守;人生态度

坚持一句话

在美国颇负盛名、人称“传奇教练”的伍登，在12年的全美篮球年赛当中，替加州大学洛杉矶分校赢得10次全国总冠军。如此辉煌的成绩，使伍登成为有史以来公认最称职的篮球教练之一。

曾经有记者问他：“伍登教练，请问你是如何保持这种积极心态的?”

伍登愉快地回答：“每天我在睡觉以前，都会提起精神告诉自己，我今天的表现非常好，而且明天的表现会更好。”

“就只有这么简短的一句话吗?”记者有些不敢相信。

伍登坚定地回答：“简短的一句话?这句话我可是坚持了20年!重要的是这一点和简短与否没关系，关键是在于你有没有坚持去做，如果无法持之以恒就算是长篇大论也没有帮助。”

伍登的积极心态超乎常人，不单是对篮球的执著，其他的生活细节也不例外。例如，有一次他与朋友开车到市中心，面对拥挤的车流，朋友感到不满，继而频频抱怨。伍登却欣喜地说：“这真是个热闹的城市。”

适用方向：心态;坚持;力量;成功;自信

率性而为

美国芝加哥有个公共汽车司机，每天边开车边唱歌，他并不是轻声哼给自己听，他唱歌的时候，整个公共汽车上的人都能听得见。他一整天都边开车边唱歌。

他曾经接受芝加哥电视台的采访。他说其实自己并不是公共汽车司机，“我是个职业歌手，我开车只是为了每天都能有无法走开的听众”。看着吧，人们排队坐他的公共汽车。为了能搭乘“会唱歌的公车司机”开的车，他们甚至有意错过别的公共汽车，他们乐此不疲。

这是一个知道自己为何而生的人。对他来说，生在世上就是为了让别人快乐，他找到了一种将自己的生活目的和职业结合起来的途径，率性而为，于是他过着心目中该过的生活。

适用方向：生活;态度;追求;快乐;价值

黎锦熙近80年天天写

黎锦熙先生是我国著名的语言学家、教育家，他在一生的工作和学习中，养成了勤于动笔的好习惯。拿写日记来说，他从12岁时开始，一直记到89岁临终前夕，近80年，从未间断，积数十本之多。这些日记已成为近、现代的珍贵史料，反映了几十年来国内外政治、经济、文化等方面的变化发展，记载了他个人的工作、学习、生活情况。黎先生录写卡片的数量也很惊人，单为编纂大辞典就收集整理了300多万张卡片。他一生的著述，已出版的就有400余种，涉及语言、训诂、文字、教育、目录、历史、文学、地理、哲学、佛学等方面。十年浩劫期间，他受到迫害，在极端困难的条件下，也写了近30种学术论著。他说自己的一生是：“‘任重’能背，‘道远’不退，快快儿地慢慢走，不睡!”

适用方向：毅力;坚持;成功;自我鞭策;榜样的力量

苏雄的傲气

现任BBDO广告公司亚太区董事长的苏雄认为：如果每一个广告公司都坚持自己的原则，那么整个广告圈的环境也就可以健康起来。而现在的情况是你不做，后面有一大堆公司在排队。

他说：“前段时间，我们在台湾的分公司出了这样一件事，我们有一个已经服务了10年的客户，他们的成功可以说有一半是我们服务的功劳，前段时间他们提出比稿(即广告公司为客户产品所做的市场预测报告，可以由广告公司主动来做，也可按客户的要求来做)，比稿后，他们要求谈价钱，但并没有按照比稿的结果来比较价格，而是让所有参加比稿的公司一起报价，结果另一家国际广告公司报出的是我们原先收费三分之一的价格，客户问我能不能出比他们还低的价钱，我当即决定这笔业务不做了，尽管他们占了台湾公司50%的业务额，但是我觉得作为广告人我们要有这个骨气。”

国有国法，行有行规。不按规矩出牌，最终损害的将是整体的利益。有些人和企业只图一时的获利，缺乏长远的眼光，因小失大，最终难以做大做强。

适用方向：骨气;态度;意志;坚持原则;规矩与方圆

索尼：不迷信专家

近几年，日本索尼公司在招聘大学生时，对学校名称采取“不准问，不准说，不准写”的“三不”方针。公司认为，在激烈竞争和多变时代，企业需要各种人才，只有将各种不同的人聚集在一起，才能更好地发挥创造性，开发出新产品，只在少数名牌大学中招聘人才，会使企业失去活力。索尼公司创始人之一的井深大说：“我从不迷信专家，专家倾向于争辩你为什么不做或不能做某种事情，而我们经常强调的是从无到有去实干。”因此，索尼喜欢思想敏锐、不墨守成规、勇于探索创新的人，他们鼓励科技人才“跳槽”，可以在公司任何部门寻找新的职位，“毛遂自荐”参与项目的开发研究。公司认为，这种人思想开放，思维活跃，兴趣广泛，具有创造意识和创新精神，是实干家而不是空谈家，有培养和发展前途，应加以重用。

适用方向：态度;认知;人才;能力;说和做

I am Jane.Im a soccer fan,but I used to be a movie fan.My interests are chaning all the time.I used to be to enjoy listening to music,and I wasnt interested in sports at all.But now,my hobby is doing sports.

生活是写作的源泉。小学生写作文更离不开生活。要想让学生写好作文，首先就要丰富他们的课外生活，经常开展一些有意义的、形式多样的活动。而且还要在活动中有目的、有计划地引导学生学会观察、学会发现、学会积累。如在组织学生打雪仗时，要求学生留心同伴的动作、神态等；在游园时，让学生讲述自己最感兴趣的一项活动等。

经常开展丰富多彩的课外活动，能够使学生逐步养成对周围事物多看、多想、多问的良好习惯。这是提高学生作文能力不可缺少的一个途径。

Lets prevent H1N1 from happening to usDuring the last few months,H1N1 ful has set off across the whole world.If we have the right way to prevent it ,it wont scare.Here are some suggestions for you:First of all,you should cover your mouth with a napkin whtn you cough re sneeze,Next youd better stay away from the public place if possible, if you have to,please wear a mask.Wash your hands carefully before meals and always keep your windows open so that the air will be fresh.At last,try to do more excisice to make your body strong so that you can stay in health.I think this is the most important.

最近这几个月里，H1N1病毒在全世界引发起来。如果我们用正确的方法预防它，免费学英语网站，它就不会那么可怕。这里有一些为你的建议：首先，当你在咳嗽或者打喷嚏的时候，你应该用手捂着嘴。然后你最好尽可能的离公共场所远一点，如果你必须去，免费英语学习网站，请戴上口罩。饭前仔细洗手，经常打开窗后这样使空气保持清新。最后你应该做更多的运动去使你身体更强壮，这样你就可以保持健康了。我认为这才是最重要的。

英语写作：Freedom in my Dream

导语：没有感恩就没有真正的美德。我们要学会感恩，感恩父母的养育之恩; 感恩老师的辛勤教导; 感恩同事的帮助和关心; 感激伤害你的人,因为他磨练了你的心态; 感激欺骗你的人,因为他增进了你的见识……下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于感恩的名言集锦，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.可怜天下父母心。

2.投之以桃，报之以李。

3.滴水之恩，当涌泉相报。

4.谁言寸草心，报得三春晖。

5.天意怜幽草，人间重晚情。

6.哀哀父母，生我劬劳。——《诗经》

7.吃水不忘挖井人，前人栽树后人乘凉。

8.淡看世事去如烟，铭记恩情存如血。

9.恩欲报，怨欲忘;报怨短，报恩长。

10.父母之爱子，则为之计深远。

11.借得大江千斛水，研为翰墨颂师恩。

12.鸦有反哺之义，羊知跪乳之恩。

13.羊有跪乳之恩，鸦有反哺之义。

14.一饭之恩，当永世不忘。

15.一父养十子，十子养一父。

16.一日为师，终身为父。

17.鱼知水恩，乃幸福之源也。

18.知恩图报，善莫大焉。

19.知遇之恩当永生不忘。

20.哀哀父母，生不养儿不知父母恩。

21.没有感恩就没有真正的美德。——卢梭

22.要知父母恩，怀里抱儿孙。——日本谚语

23.感恩即是灵魂上的健康。——尼采

24.感恩是精神上的一种宝藏。——洛克

25.养儿方知娘艰辛，养女方知谢娘恩。——日本谚语

26.人家帮我，永志不忘;我帮人家，莫记心上。——华罗庚

27.忘恩的人落在困难之中，是不能得救的。——希腊谚语

28.孝子之至，莫大乎尊亲;尊亲之至，莫大乎以天下养。——孟子

29.人世间最美丽的情景是出现在当我们怀念到母亲的时候。——莫泊桑

30.生活需要一颗感恩的心来创造，一颗感恩的心需要生活来滋养。——王符

31.父母的美德是一笔巨大的财富。——贺拉斯

32.父母之恩，水不能溺，火不能灭。——前苏联谚语

33.感恩是美德中最微小的，忘恩负义是品行中最不好的。——英国谚语

34.感谢命运，感谢人民，感谢思想，感谢一切我要感谢的人。——鲁迅

35.感谢是美德中最微小的，忘恩负义是恶习中最不好的——英国谚语

36.家庭之所以重要，主要是因为它能使父母获得情感。——罗素

37.父恩比山高，母恩比海深。——日本谚语

38.慈善的行为比金钱更能解除别人的痛苦。——卢梭

39.从小不知老娘亲，育儿才知报娘恩。——日本谚语

40.卑鄙小人总是忘恩负义的，忘恩负义原本就是卑鄙的一部分。——雨果

41.不当家不知柴米贵，不养儿不知报母恩。——-中国谚语

42.做人就像蜡烛一样，有一分热，发一分光，给人以光明，给以温暖。——肖楚女

43.忘恩比之说谎、虚荣、饰舌、酗酒或其他存在于脆弱的人心中的恶德还要厉害。——英国谚语

44.无知的人本想做点好事，结果却害人不轻;小喜鹊拔出妈妈的羽毛，还以为报答了养育之恩。——藏族谚语

45.每一种恩惠都有一枚倒钩，它将钩住吞食那份恩惠的嘴巴，施恩者想把他拖到哪里就得到那里。——堂恩

46.蜜蜂从花中啜蜜，离开时营营的道谢。浮夸的蝴蝶却相信花是应该向他道谢的。——泰戈尔

47.全世界的母亲是多么的相象!她们的心始终一样，都有一颗极为纯真的赤子之心。——惠特曼

48.如果一个人身受大恩而后来又和恩人反目的话，他要顾全自己的体面，一定比不相干的陌路人更加恶毒，他要证实对方罪过才能解释自己的无情无义——萨克雷

49.不管一个人取得多么值得骄傲的成绩，都应该饮水思源，应该记住是自己的老师为他们的成长播下了最初的种子。——居里夫人

30.忘恩的人落在困难之中，是不能得救的。——希腊谚语

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

My best subject

English is one of my best subjects and I started learning English when I was ten years old. But at the very beginning, listening seemed a little difficult for me. So I have been doing a lot of listening practice, such as listening to tapes, watching English TV programs. And I found it really helped a lot. In fact, there are some more helpful ways to learn English well. For example, I enjoy singing English songs and I want to join an English club or find a pen pal from English-speaking countries. I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it。

导语：当我们认为道德不再是应该履行的一种义务，而是像我们赖以生存的空气时，真正的文明才离我们不远了。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的高考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

20世纪80年代，我曾和林斤澜、柳溪两位老作家访法。在一个风雨天，我们所乘的汽车驶在乡间道路上。在我们前边有一辆汽车，从车后窗可以看清，车中显然是一家人。他们的车轮扬起的尘土，一阵阵落在我们的车前窗上。终于到了一个足以超车的拐弯处，前边的车停住了。开车的男人下了车，向我们的车走来。为我们开车的是法国外交部的一名青年翻译，他摇下车窗，用法语跟对方说了半天。后来，我们的车开到了前面。

我问翻译：“你们说了些什么?”

他说：“对方坚持让我们将车开到前边去。”

我挺奇怪，问为什么。

他说：“对方认为，自己的车始终开在前边，对我们太不公平，他自己也根本没法儿开得心安理得。”

隔日，我们的车在路上撞着了一只农家犬，只不过是“碰”了那犬一下。它叫着跑开时，一条后腿稍微有那么一点儿瘸。法国青年却将车停下了，去找养那只犬的人家。十几分钟后回来，说没找到。半小时后，我们在一个小镇的快餐店吃午饭，那法国青年说他还是得开车回去找一下犬的主人，要不然心里很别扭。终于找到了养那只犬的农家，于是他郑重道歉，主动留下名片、车号、驾照号码……而此时那只犬已经若无其事了。

回来时，他心里不“别扭”了。接下来的一路，又有说有笑了。

我想，文明一定不是要刻意做给别人看的一件事情，它应该首先成为使自己愉快并且是自然而然的一件事情。正如那位带着全家人旅行的父亲，他不那么做，就没法儿“心安理得”;正如我们的翻译，不那么做就“心里很别扭”。

素材运用：道德的最高境界就是不用任何法律来强制约束，而自觉由人们来遵守，并逐渐演变为人们的一种习惯。当我们认为道德不再是应该履行的一种义务，而是像我们赖以生存的空气时，真正的文明才离我们不远了。