有关兴趣爱好的英语写作素材(精选20篇)

导语：保持平和的心态，不是看破红尘心灰意冷，不是与世无争冷眼旁观，不是人云亦云随波逐流，而是不斤斤计较个人的荣辱得失，以仁者之心积极入世，善待自己，善待他人。下面是yuwenmi小编为备考的同学准备的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

俄国作家契诃夫说过这样一句话，如果你手上扎了一根刺，那你应该高兴才对——幸亏没扎在眼里。初读前半句，感觉有些可笑，读完后顿觉豁然，以平和的心态面对变故，即使外面的世界阴雨绵绵，心里又何尝不是艳阳天。

生活中总会遇到各种各样的坎坷挫折甚或磨难，挨了批评，遭到误解，患上疾病，物质短缺，突然加班，职场失意……逃避是解决不了问题的，如果调整不好心态，很可能陷入痛苦的深渊难以自拔。

遭遇不顺，我们往往习惯于抱怨和气愤，结果却于事无补，既伤他人也伤自己，还可能酿成更大的祸患。如果以平和的心态泰然处之，事情则往往会柳暗花明，正所谓“塞翁失马，焉知非福”。

罗斯福未当美国总统前，家中曾遭歹徒抢劫，朋友们听说后纷纷来信安慰。罗斯福坦然回复说，我有三点很庆幸：被枪的只是财物，而人没有受到伤害，值得庆幸;财物只是一部分被抢而不是全部，值得庆幸;最值得庆幸的是，强盗是他人而不是我自己。面对劫难，罗斯福没有怨天尤人、痛苦不堪，而是不失幽默，以平和的心态坦然面对。

当“拼爹”一词在媒体上频频出现的时候，我们不可能埋怨自己的父母;当深感自己物质不充裕的时候，我们应想到贫困山区还有许多比我们日子更艰难的人们;当看到他人被花环簇拥的时候，我们也应看到其背后付出的汗水和努力。

保持一种平和的心态，善待一切，无需攀比，无需嫉妒。即使我们是一滴水，也能折射出太阳的光辉;即便是一棵小草，也定会有自己美丽精彩的春天。

保持平和的心态，不是看破红尘心灰意冷，不是与世无争冷眼旁观，不是人云亦云随波逐流，而是不斤斤计较个人的荣辱得失，以仁者之心积极入世，善待自己，善待他人。

“要是你有一颗牙痛起来，那你该高兴，幸亏不是满口的牙痛。”契诃夫在《生活是美好的》一文中这样写道。保持平常心，善待周围的人和事，生活便会馈赠你以欢乐。

Different people have different hobbies:for example some one likes like swimming and someone like collecting stamp.

I have many I like play basketball. sometimes friend invite me play basketball together in school basketball felt I like reading beacuse reading english book can improve my english level and improve my knowledge. sometimes I felt often reading book is very bad for you eyes,so I only morning and night I like running, in china I often with my mother run on the morning running is a helpful is can rapid mark heat,than sweat of body. it can immprove my body temperture. running aslo promote metaolism.

导语：要取得别人的信任，首先要对自己有信心。倘若自己都觉得自己无足轻重，又怎么去挑起重担呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

二战后某国受经济危机的影响，失业人数剧增，工厂效益也很不景气。

一家濒临倒闭的食品公司为了扭亏为盈，决定裁员。有三种人名列其中：一种是清洁工，一种是司机，一种是仓管人员。

经理找他们谈话，说明了裁员意图。

清洁工说：“我们很重要，如果没有我们打扫卫生，没有清洁优美、健康有序的工作环境，职工怎么能全身心地投入工作?”

司机说：“我们很重要，如果没有我们，这么多产品怎么能迅速销往市场?”

仓管人员说：“我们很重要，如果没有我们，这些食品岂不要被流浪街头的乞丐偷光!”

经理觉得他们说的话都很有道理，思考再三决定不裁员，重新制定了管理策略。

最后经理让人在厂门口悬挂了一块大匾，上面写着：我很重要。

从此，每天当职工们来上班，第一眼看到的便是“我很重要”这四个字。

这句话调动了全体职工的积极性，不管一线职工还是管理阶层，都认为领导很重视自己，工作起来非常卖命，两年后这家公司已经成为全国有名的公司。

要想让别人相信你，你自己得首先相信自己，任何时候都不要看轻自己，其实你真的很重要!

【相信自己】要取得别人的信任，首先要对自己有信心。倘若自己都觉得自己无足轻重，又怎么去挑起重担呢?

【用人不疑】团队协作的能量，是由团队所有成员共同发挥的;实现这种协作，首先要做到的就是疑人不用、用人不疑。

【激发潜能】遇到困境时，节衣缩食一再退让，只是一时缓兵之计;真正能解决问题的方法，是充分激励现有力量的潜能。

导语：联相传起于五代后蜀主孟昶，它是中华民族的文化瑰宝，春节时挂的对联叫春联。对联是利用汉字特征撰写的一种民族文体，一般不需要押韵。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、愧添门联

北宋大文豪苏东坡，是一代词宗，他的词，开豪放派之先河，对后代影响深远。他的诗文，书法，造诣很深，成就超过了他的父亲苏洵、弟弟苏辙，是北宋“三苏”中的佼佼者。

苏东坡是四川眉山人，自幼博览群书，才智过人。八岁时，曾因纠正老师的错误，令老塾师刘微之自惭形秽。十一岁时，写了著名的《黠鼠赋》。从此，名闻遐迩，常常受到称赞。

少年的东坡，有点名气之后，不禁沾沾自喜，有些飘飘然了。有一年除夕，他的父亲，叫他写一副对联。他乘兴写了：

识遍天下字;

读尽人间书。

这样一副对联，贴在大门上。

几天后，来了一位白发老翁，手持小书一本，口称：“特来向苏公子求教。”苏东坡看到有人上门求教，心里很欢喜。不料，接过老翁的小书，打开一看，不禁呆了，因为，书上的字，他一个都不认识。老翁笑道：“请苏公子赐教。”

苏东坡顿时面红耳赤，只得认错，“请老爷爷原谅，小生一时狂言。”经过这次教训，苏东坡才明白，世界很大，学问似海，自己不过是井底之蛙。他感到十分惭愧，拜谢老翁之后，便提笔到门口，在上下联前，各添两个字。把原对联改成为：

发愤识遍天下字;

立志读尽人间书。

从此以后，苏东坡立志发愤学习，苦读，并虚心求教，终于成为一代大文豪。

二、八岁孩子“封”秀才

古时候，有个孩子名叫甄广才，出身贫苦家庭，祖辈世代务农。小甄从小博览群书。八岁那年到城里参加乡试。应试的那天，下着毛毛雨，他父亲背着他进考场。在场的主管监考官看见，以为是来看热闹的，便叫你将他们父子轰出去，他父亲解释说：“大人，我是送儿子来应考的。”主考官朝他们父子扫视一眼，随口训斥道：

子把父当马，成何体统?

甄广才接口就答：

父望子成龙，理所当然!

主考官一听，暗想，这不是一副工工整整的对联吗?仔细一看，这孩子眉宇清秀，两眼明澈，从心眼里高兴，于是亲自抱他下地，牵他进考场。主考官问他：“你会对句吗?”甄广才两手一合，腰身微微一躬：“大人，请出题。”这时正值天寒地冻的隆冬，主考官手里抱着一个火炉便说道：

炉捧胸前暖;

甄广才不家思索地随口答道：

风吹背后凉。

主考官一听，惊喜不已，觉得站在自己面前的不是一个小小年纪的孩子，而是一个才华横溢的学者，于是又出个上联：

藕入泥中，玉管通地理;

主考官话音刚落，甄广才就对出下联：

荷出水面，珠笔点天文。

经过这样一串的对答，在场的考生目瞪口呆，佩服得五体投地，自叹不如。主考官乐得连声称赞：“真神童也，真神童也!”当场就“封”甄广才为秀才。

三、李调元幼年趣对

享有“蜀中才子”之称的李调元(一七三四--?)绵州(今四川绵阳)人。清乾隆年间进士。是当时的文学家，戏曲理论家。

孩童时代的李调元，就能吟诗作对。有一年夏天，李调元家中，来了许多客人，其中，不少是蜀中名流。有一位名流，曾听李调元的父亲说过，李调元从小就能诗，善对，但持怀疑，不大相信。恰好当时，李调元站在他父亲旁边，他要当场试一试。是时，天气炎热，客人们一边摇扇，一边吸烟。这位名流，便以当时情景，出了上联，要李调元对出下联。联文是：

吸烟摇扇，目前风云聚会;

上联一出，客人们交头接耳，议论此联难对，李调元的父亲，也要求这位客人，改出其他好对的联。不料，李调元在稍加思考后，朗声地对道：

屙尿打屁，胯下雷雨交加。

联才对毕，顿时哄堂大笑。此联虽不雅，但舍此难对。满座客人都为李调元应对之快，啧啧称奇。

不久，李调元上学了。当时，他生了一身疥疮，上课时，不停地搔痒，先生看见了，笑着戏出一联：

抓抓痒痒，痒痒抓抓。不抓不痒，不痒不抓。越抓越痒，越痒越抓;

李调元听后，既难为情，又很气愤，顿时忘了尊卑，对着先生随口便道：

生生死死，死死生生，有生有死，有死有生。先生先死，先死先生。

事后，李调元深感自己，一时冲动而出言不逊，对不起先生，立即向先生赔礼道歉。晚年，他将此事告诉儿孙，要他们引以为戒。

四、出口成对结朋友

清朝咸丰年间，湖南平江有个李姓秀才，才思敏捷，又好吟诗作对，可是恃才傲物，谁也不放在眼里。一夭黄昏，外地一个姓刘的秀才，路过他家门口，想上门投宿。李秀才见来人面色黝黑，衣衫槛褛，便轻蔑地摇头说：

树大杈多，不宿无毛之鸟;

刘秀才听出是嘲笑自己，便应声答道：

滩平水浅，难藏有角蛟龙。

说罢，掉头就走。李秀才出乎意外地受到奚落，心中恼火，连忙追上去，请他回来。刘秀才躬身问道：“先生贵姓?”李秀才得意地说：

骑青牛，过函谷，老子姓李;

然后，他反问刘秀才：“您贵姓”刘秀才不卑不亢地答道：

斩白蛇，兴汉室，高祖姓刘。

李秀才一愣，他万万没料到，这个赤脚蓬头的穷秀才，居然满腹文采，应对自如，便请他进屋留宿。

第二天，李秀才因不甘认输，特邀请刘秀才出门散步，想趁机出点难题把他难住。他们两人刚出门口，就传来一阵唱戏的锣鼓声。李秀才急忙吟道：

搭东台，唱西游，南腔北调;

刘秀才也不含糊，脱口而出：

播春种，育夏秧，秋收冬藏。

他们继续往前走，路过一片果园时，李秀才又吟出：

湖北广柑，皮甜带苦瓤酸;

刘秀才立即对上：

海南胡椒，叶臭花香籽辣。

他们正往前走，来到一座石板桥上，看到鸡、犬足痕，李秀才见景生情，马上又出一上联：

鸡犬过石桥，一路梅花竹叶;

刘秀才看到桥下河中，时有龟蛇蠕动，便对了下联：

龟蛇浮水面，两件玉带荷包。

这时，正巧一叶扁舟，从桥下穿过，李秀才又抢先吟道：

船小如梭，横织江中锦绣;

刘秀才眺眼远望，见远处江岸高塔矗立，对出：

塔尖似笔，倒写天上文章。

一路上，两人你唱我和，不知对了多少回合，李秀才一直没有难倒刘秀才，终于醒悟过来，才知道，天下有学向的人多的是，自己恃才傲物是不应该的，更不能以貌取人，不禁为自己曾轻视刘秀才感到惭愧。于是决定，诚心诚意和刘秀才结为朋友，并为他饯行。席间，李秀才又吟出一上联：

出门远观山山翠;

刘秀才也很佩服李秀才的文才，很高兴能结交这个新朋友，马上回了下联：

朋友相送月月亲。

此后，两人的友谊愈来愈深，成为忘年之交。

五、祝枝山除夕写无字联

吴中才子祝枝山，为访唐伯虎，到了杭州，转眼到了岁除。在杭州，他住在周文宾府上。除夕夜，当祝枝山听说，杭州人贴无字联，取一年无事的风俗后，大笑道：“杭州人但求没事，我偏要教他们有事。”说罢，趁着酒兴，带著周德、祝僮，到外面去写无字联。他们三人到了街上，只见家家户户的无字联，都已贴齐。走到一家门口，周德介绍说：“这是积善人家，常行好事，是杭州有名的善人。”祝枝山提笔在无字联上写：

向阳门第春常在;

积善人家乐有余。(1)

祝枝山写过几家后，走进一条小弄，经过一小户人家，听见里面夫妻二人正闹口角，因男人外出一年，回家后，女人见他囊内无钱，哭闹起来，不许他吃年夜饭，也不准亲近孩子。当发现男人裤袋中，藏有一串金戒指时，马上又亲亲乐乐，张罗吃“合家欢”。祝枝山以此为题材，在他家的无字联上写：

囊内无钱，休想饮食男女;

袋中有物，便成柴米夫妻。

祝枝山一路写来，到了一户漆黑墙门前，门上贴的洒金瑚珊纸，两扇侧门，也贴着略短一些的朱砂笺。周德说出，这户主人如何霸道，劝祝枝山不要写。祝枝山说：“原来如此，我偏要送他两副对联。祝枝山在大门的洒金瑚珊纸联上写了：

明日逢春好不晦气;

终年倒运少有余财。

在他的侧门的朱砂笺上写了：

此地安能常住;

其人好不悲伤。

这两副联，读时断句不同，意思便完全相反。周德、祝僮看了，拍手称妙。

注:(1)积善人家乐有余，有的作“庆有余”。

六、穷秀才妙对夺魁

相传明朝时，有个穷秀才颇有才学。但因当时科举场上，徇私舞弊之风盛行，以至于屡试不中。过了一年，又到开科考试了，他听说主考官廉洁奉公，任人唯贤，于是打点行装，决心赴京城，再试一次。可是，由于路途遥远，秀才纵然历尽千辛万苦，日夜兼程赶路，谁料当他到达京城时，考试已经结束。秀才好说歹说，终于感动了主考大人，准他补考。

主考官出的题目，是要求他用一至十这十个数字作一上联。秀才听后，暗想“我何不把自己一路颠簸和误考的原因说一说，也好求得主考大人的谅解。”于是脱口便说：

一叶孤舟，坐了二、三个骚客，启用四桨五帆，经过六滩七湾，历尽八颠九簸，可叹十分来迟;

主考官一愕，心中称奇：“此生才学，确实不浅”!接着，他又要求考生从十至一作一下联。秀才想，正好借此机会，把这些年读书，应考的苦衷表一表，便朗声说：

十年寒窗，进了九、八家书院，抛却七情六欲，苦读五经四书，考了三番二次，今天一定要中。

主考官听罢，连连称妙。又以其他为题，出联求对，秀才皆能对答如流。于是，这一年状元的桂冠，就被这位穷秀才——联对高手夺走了。

七、南生考神童

一个叫南生的文人从南方来到河北高邑，听说这里出了个神童赵南星(1)，有点不相信，他想：自古南方出才子，小小高邑，弹丸之地，能出什么神童?

南生打听到这个神童上下学都要从一家酒馆门前经过，于是来到这家酒馆，要了一蝶菜，烫了一壶酒，一边自斟自饮，一边心中打主意，有心要在这里考考北方的神童，让他出出丑，也好抖一抖南方人的威风。

天上沥沥下着春雨，过不多时，鱼里走来一个不满三尺高的小孩，上身穿粗布棉袄，下身穿单裤，头上戴顶破草帽。店小二告诉他，来的就是赵南星。南生一看，心想：我还以为赵南星是位少爷，原来是个穷小子。于是更瞧不起他了。南生翘起二朗腿，一手提着酒壶，一手指着赵南星摆摆手说：“过来，过来!”

赵南星一愕，见一个陌生人叫他，便慢慢地走到门钱，深鞠一躬说：“先生，有何指教?”

“你是赵南星?”

“正是学生。”

“人称你是神童，善于对句?”

“神童不敢，对句倒无妨。”

南生一听。暗自冷笑，年纪不大口气不小。于是摇头晃脑地说：“今天我要考考你，我出个上联，你来对，对得好，赏你一盅酒，对不出，须得从桌子底下爬过去，怎么样?”

赵南星听他出言不逊。并不生气也不还口，住是微微冷笑。

南生见他偶不答话，哈哈大笑地：“怎么样，不敢吗?”

赵南星眉毛一扬，高声答道：“好坏有别，何言不敢?”

“一个小叫花子，竟没有一点服气的意思。”南生心里暗想：“哼，今天我非要你钻桌子不可!”于是脱口年出上联：

穿冬衣戴夏帽糊涂春秋;

赵南星不亢不卑，接口就对：

生南方来北地什么东西。

南声听罢，火冒三丈，连声说：“不好，不好!”

赵南星说：“怎么不好，你上联含冬夏春秋，我下联对南北西东。”

南生一时惊呆，但依然强词夺理说：

你小小三尺顽童，竟敢如此出言不逊，成何体统?

赵南星针锋相对：

尔堂堂七尺须眉，企图让人身钻桌子，太不象话!

南生一听，面红耳赤，无言以对。

注：(1)赵南星(1550--1627年)字梦白，号侪鹤，别号清都散客。河北高邑人。明代政治家、文学家。万历进士。官至吏部尚书。他天性恢谐、幽默、博学多才。还多故事流传于世。

八、“堂前悬镜，大人明察秋毫”

梁启超10岁那年，有一次随父亲到朋友家作客，刚进大门就被庭院一株蓓蕾初绽的杏树迷住了，他偷偷地折了一枝，并掩掩遮遮的藏在宽大的袖筒里。谁知他的这一举动被他父亲和朋友家人看到了。了朋友社宴款待他们父子。宴席上，梁启

超的父亲为儿子偷折杏枝的事惴惴不定，一心想不露声色地暗示儿子一番。为了活跃气氛，梁父当众对梁启超说：“开宴前，我先出一上联，如果你对得上，而且对得好，方可开杯;否则，你只能为长辈斟酒沏茶，不准落座。”小启超不知父亲的用意，毫无思想准备，略显难色，但他转念一想，凭自己的才学，相信不会出丑，于是满口答应。梁父略加思索，念出上联：

袖里笼花，小子暗藏春色;

小启超听后一惊，稍顿，恍然大悟，但未显大惊失色，随口从从容容地对道：

堂前悬镜，大人明察秋毫。

众人听后，连声赞道“妙!妙!”

九、老笋不如心笋尖

从前，有个孩子名叫赖其尚，聪颖过人，小小年纪就迷上识字读书，还会吟诗作对，远近闻名。他九岁那年，有一州官慕名前往试探。州官找到正在玩耍的小赖，对他说：“听说你小小年纪就会吟诗作对，，今天我要考你一下如何?”

赖其尚转动一下明亮的眼睛，点了点头，有礼貌地说：“请大人出题!”

州官思索一下，吟出上联：

新姜哪有老姜辣;

语音刚咯，小赖从容回了下联：

老笋哪有新损尖。

州官一听，吃了一惊，原想通过出上联来个下马威，谁料反被小赖占了上风，也证实了这孩子智力超常，但还不死心，于是再出一上联：

剃刀虽利，难伐千年树木;

这上联的口气虽然缓和一些，但仍然有轻视的含意。赖其尚并不介意，沉思一会答道：

灯火本微，能烧万里江山。

州官听后，击掌叫好，连声说：“小小年纪，就有如此学识，难得，难得，名不虚传，名不虚传啊!”

十、意哥巧对众秀才

相传，城内有个女孩，名叫意歌，非常聪明，小小年纪，琴棋书画，一教就会，到了12岁，文采学识，不逊书生。

当年，潭州新到一任太守，当地绅士周公权为太守接风，请了一帮秀才陪太守游岳麓山。周公权特请意歌同去助兴。

他们到了岳麓山抱黄洞的望山亭小憩。周公权陪太守说话，这时有一副美髯的人匆匆过来拜见两位大人。他是潭州的医博士，号称“美髯公”。周公权看他那副大胡子长得既可爱又有趣，便笑说：“我有个上句，未知博士能对否?”博士答道：“愿闻其详。”众秀才听说对对子，也都围拢过来。

周公权说：我的上句是：

博士拜时须拂地;

医博士站在那里冥思苦想，众秀才交头接耳，议论纷纷，久未能对上。意歌站在一旁，一时技痒，望见亭上的旌旗长幕，有了下句，便说道：“我愿代博士对下句。”

周公权一见是她，喜上眉梢说：“好啊!”意哥对道：

群侯宴处幕侵天。

“好!”周公权第一个发出赞声。

意歌的对句工整，无可挑剔。只是当时文人讲究“上九潜龙易用”有才也不能过分张扬。意歌初出茅庐，就冒然对句，那末潭州城里众才子的面子往哪儿放?秀才蒋田第一个站出来，准备给这个不知深浅的小丫头一个难堪，让她知道山外有山，什么叫做学海无涯?

蒋田踱到意歌面前，盯了她好一会儿，才慢慢地说：“我有一上句，你能对吗?”意歌是“初生之犊不怕虎”，虽知来者不善，因事前奉命要趁机表现一番，于是不卑不亢说：“请讲。”

蒋天伸手一指意歌的脸说：

冬瓜霜后频添彩;

这是针对意歌脸上略施薄粉而出的，含有侮辱之意。众人听了，不禁哄堂大笑。

意歌不慌不忙地上前几步，突然一把抓住蒋田的褐色长衫。蒋田大惊失色，连忙叫起来：“你要干什么?”

意歌一笑，顺口道：

木枣秋来也著绯。

说完一抖手，甩开他的衣衫，转身回到原处。蒋田称她是“冬瓜”，意歌叫他为“木枣”，一还一扳，弄得蒋田满脸通红，尴尬不已。

这时，又见一个秀才过来，手指江边，只见竹屋茅舍，有个渔夫正拎着两条大鱼往家里走去。秀才即景出了上句：

双鱼入深巷;

话音刚落，意歌应声答道：

尺素寄谁家。

接着，不时有秀才走上来，出句难为意歌，她一一沉着应对，流畅自如。众秀才渐渐地对女孩子心生敬意。

太首在旁边看了多时，见意歌不仅长得眉清目秀，粉面桃腮，而且才思敏捷，博学多智，便说道：“你能对我的句子吗?”

意歌拜道：“大人学博才高，小女子不敢。只是大人既有鸣，小女自不敢不从。”

太守出了上句：

朱衣使，引登青障;

意歌略一思索对道：

红袖人，扶天下白云。

太守喜道：“好，对得好!”

此次游宴，意歌一鸣惊人，名誉湘东，潭州城内文人秀才，无不心悦诚服。

十一、单人独马一杆枪

田汉(一八九八--一九六八)，湖南长沙人。中国现代著名的剧作家、诗人。《义勇军进行曲》的词，就是他作的。

田汉从小聪明好学，喜欢作诗联对。他的家，在长沙果园处。当地，正好是果园河与麻林河汇合处，人称“双江口”。

有一年，一个外地文人游历到此，一时心血来潮，提笔在双江口附近，写下了半边对联：

二河两岸双江口;

上联是由三个名词“河”、“岸”、“江口”组成，每个名词前面，都是数词!“二”的意思，又与地名相符。要对下联，有一定难度，当时，许多人都对不上。年仅十一岁的田汉，看了上联，随即对出了下联：

单人独马一杆枪。

下联不但对仗工整，且写意深刻，表现出少年田汉不畏艰难，勇于进取的精神。联中“单”、“独”、“一”与上联的“二”“两”、“双”一样，也是三个名词前的数词，又都是“一”的意思。

十二、三元及第墨

蔡和森( 一八九五——一九三一) ，湖南双峰县人。一九一八年，他和毛泽东等, 组织革命团体新民学会，一九二O年留法。

蔡和森从小聪明好学，思维敏捷，对答如流，名闻遐迩。八岁那年，有一天，他到文具店买墨。文具店的老板，要考考他的才学。老板说：“我出上联给你对，对上了，我送你一锭墨。”小和森点点头。

老板出的上联：

小学生买墨，三元及第;

小和森稍稍思考，即对出下联：

大老板经商，四季发财。

老板听了很高兴，连声叫好。因为下联不但对仗工整，而且很合老板经商发财的心意。老板不食诺言，立刻送给小和森一锭上等的“三元及第”墨。

十三、郭沫若幼年巧对

郭沫若(一八九二——一九七八)，四川乐山人。是位诗人、文学家。

郭沫若六岁那年，在私塾念书。一天，先生钓鱼回来，在黑板上写了“钓鱼”两个字，向学生索对。郭沫若刚好前不久，看了木偶戏《杨香打虎》，灵感一来，不禁脱口对出“打虎”。先生拍案叫好。事后，先生对郭沫若的父亲说：”你的儿子出口不凡，将来必成大器。“

一天，私塾先生外出，郭沫若和同学数人，翻墙而过，偷摘墙外民家树上的鲜桃。此事暴露后，先生责备学生，并二追查，学生害怕先生罚打手心，没有人敢承认。先生无奈，只好泛泛地教戒学生一番，并出了上联，叮咛学生应对，对上了，可免于处罚。先生出的上联：

昨日偷桃钻狗洞，不知是谁?

郭沫若才思敏捷，凝神片刻，即大声对出：

他年攀枝步蟾宫，必定有我!

对仗自如，气势不凡。先生听了，欣喜万分，转怒为喜，大加赞赏。因此，不仅郭沫若免于处罚，就连其他几个学生也免罚了。

十四、智讨风筝

蔡锷(一八八二——一九二六)字松坡，湖南宾庆(今邵阳市)人。民国初反袁将领。他于一九一五年十二一月，在云南发动护国军起义，又对袁世凯复辟帝制。

蔡锷将军出身贫寒，小时候，没钱上学堂求学，只好自己在家刻苦自学，小小年纪，就显露出了不起的才华。

有一次，蔡锷和小伙伴们，外出放风争，玩得正高兴时，风筝断了线，掉进了知府家的花园中，小伙伴们都不敢去要，唯有蔡锷不怕，他翻过花园的围墙，跳进园中，准备捡回风筝。正好知府在园中散步，看见一个小孩跳进来，便叫家人上前驱赶。蔡锷大声嚷道：“我的风筝掉到这儿了!”知府向周围扫视一番，果然发现，小亭子旁边，有个断了线的风筝，也就消了怒气，慢悠悠地说：“如果你能对得上我出的对子，风筝就还给你。”

蔡锷—扬头，自信地说：“对就对，你快出上联，我们还等着呢!”

知府皱着眉头，正在思索，忽见墙外，又冒出几个小脑袋。他触景生情，马上吟出一句上联

童子六七人，无如尔狡;

这上联的意思是：在这六、七个孩子中，数你心眼最多。蔡锷一听，立即对出下联：

知府二千石，唯有公......

蔡锷故意留下一个字，不说出来，并调皮地贬了眨眼睛说：“我已想好两个字,现在，由你来挑。如果你还我风筝，那就对。‘唯有公廉’，如果不还，那我只好对‘唯有公贪’了。”

知府没有想到，一个小孩子，竟如此足智多谋。面对这一“廉”一“贪”的选择，他只好将风筝送还给蔡锷。

十五、鲁迅幼年对句

鲁迅( 一八八一--一九三六年) ，原名周树人，字豫才，浙江绍兴人。是一位文学家、思想家。鲁迅先生幼年，在私塾念书时，不但非常勤奋，而且善于把学到的知识融汇贯通、灵活运用。有一次，私塾先生上对句的课，出了个上句：

独角兽

要同学对。有的同学对“两头蛇”，有的对“三脚蟾”，有的对“八脚虫”，“九头鸟“等等，先生都不满意。鲁迅根据读过的《尔雅》(1)中的句子，对了：

比目鱼

先生连连点点头。说：“很好!‘独’不是数，但有单的意思，‘比’也不是数，却有双的意思。”

又一次，先生出了上句：

陷兽入井中;

鲁迅又根据《尚书》(2)里“归马于华山之阳，放牛于桃林之野”，对了个受先生赞赏的下句：

放牛归林野。

鲁迅先生，从小就打下了坚实的对句基础，所以，在他以后所写的诗文中，往往穿插了许多精采的对句。如《自嘲》中的：

横眉冷对千夫指;

俯首甘为孺子牛。

《阻郁达夫移家杭州》中的：

坟坛冷落将军岳;

梅鹤凄凉处士林。

《无题》中的：

血沃中原肥劲草;

寒凝大地发中华。等等。

注:(1)尔雅：书名。解释经文和古代文物的一部古书，也是中国第一部字书。列为十三经之一注：

(2)尚书：书名。也称“书经”，是我国最古之史料，列为十三经之一。

想要写好一篇英语作文有哪些方法步骤呢?下面来看看语文迷网为大家带来的写作指导吧。

(一)仔细审题，确定要点。在开始写作这前一定要认真阅读题目中的所有信息(中文提示、图示、注意事项等)把需要表达的全部信息要点列成提纲，列要点时，如果提示是图表，要认真审图，从图中找出要表达的信息要点，如事件发生的背景，人物的衣着、表情、动作、位置、年龄、外貌、图中的英汉文字等，如果有参考词汇，一定要用上。

(二)根据要点，先词组句。近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高，高分文章要有较多的词汇，较高级的词汇用法。比如表达丰富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant这个词就属于较高级的词汇。再比如“他强调小心驾驶的重要”这个句子 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“强调”这个词如果你用 attach much importance to 效果更佳。

(三)确定时态及人称，内容连贯，结构紧凑。高考书面表达评分标准明确规定，如人称错误要扣分，不同的文体一般都有基本时态。日记通常记叙发生过的事情，多用一般过去时。议论文多用一般现在时，通知等文体通常用一般将来时。每个句子写好之后，句与句之间要选择恰当的连接词。比如：(1)表示承接、递进用语，besides(并且)、whats more(并且)，moreover(而且)，firstly,secondly,finally(最后)，from now on (从此)，afterwards I after that(后来)，to make things worse/ whats worse(使事情更为糟糕的是)，the worst thing of all(最糟糕的是)。(2)表示转折关系用语。but bowever,otherwise,though,despite,in spite of...(尽管)on the other hand(另一方面)，as(尽管)，all the same(尽管如此)。(3)表示因果关系用语。because/because of......for(因为)，owing to (由于)，thanks to (由于)，due to (由于)，so that (结果)。(4)归纳总结用语。to summarize(总而言之)，in short/in a word(简而言之)，on the whole(从总体看)，generally speaking(一般说来)，in my view(我的观点)，in conclusion(总之)。

(四)句式丰富，避免单词。英语书面表达评分标准第五档(21-25分)要求，“应使用较复杂结构，这要求学生不仅会运用基本句型，也要有意识地使用复杂句型，这是文章的亮点。如何使用复杂结构，我认为适当运用非谓语结构(分词短语、动名词或不定式短语)适当运用各种从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)是有效什么途径。比如：when he arrived in Beijing,he gave me an e-mail.(时间状语从句。一般)→On arriving in Beijing,he gave me an e-mail.Having arrived in Beijing.he gave me an e-mail.(使用了动名词，分别作状语。高级) Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he gave me an e-mail.(改变时态，句子结构。高级)I wont believe what he says.(一般)→No matter what he says,I wont believe.(让步状从句，高级)。

(五)认真答写，卷面整洁。高考书面表达评分标准中对书写有较高要求。尤其今年英语作文要进行网上阅卷，如果书写较差，会影响到扫描质量，因此，考生在答卷时，一定要认真、清楚规范地书写，以保卷面整洁。

导语：立志贵在坚持，立志贵在立大志!而立大志，莫过于立志成才，照亮祖国未来的希望。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.有志能搬山，无志草压头。中国谚语

2.志短怕难，视丘为山。中国谚语

3.宁可丧身，不可失志。中国谚语

4.冻死迎风站，饿死不弯腰。中国谚语

5.人凭志气虎凭威，没有志气肉一堆。中国谚语

6.有志男儿志四方，无志男儿守婆娘。中国谚语

7.鸟贵有翼，人贵有志。中国谚语

8.山立在地上，人立在志上。中国谚语

9.花开在春天，立志在少年。中国谚语

10.穷莫失志，富莫颠狂。中国谚语

11.没有决心向宝山掏宝，不会得到宝的。谢觉哉

12.青年人第一要有志气。谢觉哉

13.为人能立三分志，不怕龙门万丈高。中国谚语

14.志高品高，志下品下。中国谚语

15.山高高不过脚心，山硬硬不过决心。中国谚语

16.有志者事竟成。《后汉书·耿龠传》

17.有志不在年高。中国谚语

18.丈夫四方志，安可辞固穷?唐·杜甫《前出塞》

19.三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。《论语·子罕》

20.立志无恒，终身无成。中国谚语

21.好汉凭志气，好马凭力气。中国谚语

22.从小无志，到老无奇。中国谚语

23.人不自立，则惟有无耻而已。康有为《志耻》

24.老骥伏枥，志在千里;烈士暮年，壮心不已。三国·曹操《龟虽寿》

25.器大者声必闳，志高者意必远。宋·范开《稼轩词序》

鸿鹄之志

秦末农民起义领袖陈涉，出身贫穷，年轻时在农村当雇工，替人耕田种地。当时他就立志将来要干一番轰轰烈烈的大事。在一起当雇工的伙伴都笑话他，认为替人耕田种地的下等人，还想干一番大事业，真是癞哈蟆想吃天鹅肉——异想天开。陈涉看到自己的宏大抱负，不能被一些眼光短浅的人所理解，感叹道：“燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”意思是说，小小的燕雀，是不可能知道天鹅的大志的。

后来陈涉终于成了农民起义军的领袖，由他首先发难，将秦王朝推反了。

鲁迅弃医学文

青年时期鲁迅，曾到日本仙台医学专科学校学医，希望以医救国。在第二学年里，学校增加了一门学科——细菌学。教学这一门课程时，细菌的形状全部是用幻灯片显示的。有时穿插放映一些时事幻灯片。有一次放映有关日俄战争的纪录片，画面上出现很多中国人围观一个被说成是俄国间谍的中国人，这个人将砍头示众，周围人在看热闹，画面上观众体格强壮而精神麻木。鲁迅深受刺激，心情十分痛苦，他深深感到，学医在当前并不是一件要紧的事，思想愚昧精神麻木的人们即使体格再健壮，也只能被示众或作看客。最紧要的，是在改变他们的精神，而善于改变精神的是文艺。于是，他毅然弃医学文。终于成为我国现代伟大的文学家、思想家，文化运动的先驱和旗手。

为了中华之崛起

新学年开始了，沈阳东关模范学校魏校长为了测验学生的学习目的，在课堂上向学生提出一个严肃的问题：读书是为什么?有的回答：“为家父而读书。”有的回答：“为明礼而读书。”也有人回答：“为光耀门楣而读书。”魏校长指着坐在后排的一位学生说：“周恩来，现在你谈谈为什么要读书?”“为了中华之崛起。”周恩来庄重地回答。由于他的南方口音魏校长一时没有听清楚，于是周恩来又沉着有力地重复了一遍：“为中华崛起而读书!”周恩来是这样说的，也是这样做的。他为中华民族的崛起奉献了一生。

巴斯德立志研究酸乳发酵

巴斯德，是法国19世纪著名微生物学家，化学家，近代微生物学的奠基人。

有一天，他注视着桌上一瓶酸牛奶。凝神思索：酸奶的发酵，是由于化学变化呢，还是由于微生物的作用呢?当时还没有能解答这个问题。

他整天整认地，在一间闷热的简陋的实验室里进行试验研究。脸上被油烟熏黑了，衣服也布满污垢。时而呆立不动，时而狂奔疾走。有人说：巴斯德得了精神病。

不知经过了多少不眠之认，巴斯德终于成功了!他科学地证明了：酸牛怒的发酸是由于微生物的作用。并且写成了著名的《乳酸发酵》一书。在微生物发酵和病原微生物方面的研究，奠定了工业微生物学和医学微生物学的基础，并且开创了微生物生理学。

对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，小编收集了初中期末英语作文的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、学生写作过程中出现的现状

1.词汇量太少

词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解;词语误用，表达不准确;某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味;文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。

语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。

2.词汇错误较多

学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确(审题不正确)。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is+adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。

3.写出的长句达不到表达效果

一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示上入手，有的提示意思较长，所以学生写的时候会直接翻译，但对太长的句子又没有驾驭的能力，导致整个句子错误。

4.听力较弱影响写作能力

我们所面临的是一群农村学生，他们没有特别好的条件练习听力，每次的练习时间仅仅是每节英语课上，听听力的时间是在太少。有位作家说过：“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说

的语言，不说没有听过的语言”。很明显，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受在英语学习中基础的基础。听不来也就写不上。

5.单词书写不规范，卷面书写较乱

对于大多数学生来说，格式、大小写、标点，书写不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等)。如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.，考试时把单词写整齐的很少，学生普遍认为只要把单词写正确就可以得分，虽然觉得自己写的作文还可以，但卷子发下之后却没有得到期望的分数，而有的同学写作能力较差但书写整齐，写作得分也不是很低。

二、提高写作的方法

1.词汇的积累

初中学生在阅读理方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。

同时拟定时以单选、完型、阅读等形式考察学生对这些单词的掌握情况，通过测试和竞赛的方式进一步激发大家学习词汇的热情。不过，由于课程的时间安排问题，测试的工作开展较少，这也是实验工作中的一个不足。

2.熟练记住单词

( 1.) 巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。 词汇匮乏是妨碍英语写作的最大障碍之一，有话想说，无词可写是大部分学生的苦恼。因此，我要求学生坚持每天听写、默写、循环记忆单词，掌握巩固词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge. 还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。如拼写单词die 时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要写出其他词性(death, dead, dying), 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying.又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take 时，可以多种方式表达句意。He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。这样,通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。以上这些机械操练虽然枯燥，但很有必要，它是能力培养的基础。在词句落实的基础上，可向学生提出稍高的要求，如写出高质量的句子： What a happy family I have ! (I have a happy family.) The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.( The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. ) He didn’t come to school, because he was ill. (He was ill. He didn’t come to school.) I am good at not only English but also math.(I am good at English and I am good at math ，too. )( 2、) 阅读背诵精彩段落，围绕单元话题设计书面表达。 阅读是写作的 熟练记住每一话题的单词。熟记单词后让他们能够熟练的运用，能够把重点单词用来造句。然后熟记词组，特别是能够熟练的运用词组，能够用词组熟练造句。用词组和单词连成简单句，只要学生将句子表达清楚，语意连贯，就是一篇好的英语文章。

3.熟练使用简单句

简单句对学生来说相对好掌握些，可以要求学生们能够熟练划分主语、谓语、宾语。 正确掌握并列连词andbutor等词。在写作中要求学生不能随意发挥，也不能逐字逐句的翻译所给的文章，要求学生能抓住题中所给的条件，只要考生能将题中所给的要点全部表达清楚，而没有遗漏，在写作中并且注意到语言的连贯，那么就是一篇很好的英语文章。

4.加强听力训练，促进写作

目前英语听力教材使用的具体做法是：事先提出每课生词，教师领读几遍。排除生词障碍后，第一遍学生主让学生在课后反复听课文内容，并逐字逐句写下。每周星期五布置，星期一用课堂时间，教师将该文念一、二遍，让学生听写，教师收上来查阅，加以评讲。通过这种训练，提高学生的听力水平和表达能力。

5.书写规范，促进写作

关于书写的卷面整洁与否，字体如何，是老生常谈话题。可是由于印象分数的一分半分之差，很可能影响一生。在此处丢分纯属不值得，这也是笔者把它放在第一位的原因。在教学过程中，应坚持要求学生书写规范，写好匀笔斜体行书，注意连写，以及文面美观。可以采用出专刊的形式，让全班同学都参加英语书法评比，从而激发学生练习英语书写的兴趣，养成良好的书写习惯。

综上所述，在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读是不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前训练”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精悍的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

美国作家舒伯特指出:“Reading is writing”，即：阅读能够促进写作，因为对学生而言,他们对生活的体验、对人生的认识大多是从书本上获得，从大量的阅读中获取的，阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想,也能帮助他们积累语言素材。“You ought to read very carefully. Not only very carefully，but also aloud，and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were your own.” 这就清楚地说明了熟读成诵对写作是多么重要。所以要想写出好文章,就必须大量读书，它是写作的基础。

阅读对写作固然重要，但其它形式写作训练同样不可忽视，英语写作实践是英语写作理论转化为写作能力的“中介”。英语写作要突出实践，正如学习游泳一样，写作的能力是练出来的。课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充，因为课堂时间有限，仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的。作文不是“学”出来的，而是“写”出来的。学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能，而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善。

此外,学生的英语语言意识和英语思维能力的培养也需要大量的练习。可见,课外练笔非常必要，应该给予重视。课外练笔的形式多种多样，可采用让学生写英语日记、写英语周记，教师也可有意识地给学生提供一些尽量贴近生活的时尚话题，如奥运会、环境保护等，让学生在课外习作。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

一、四级作文概述

四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。

二、四级作文例题分析

(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺

2. 为什么会出现这种情况

3. 该如何解决

96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。

(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students

1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职

2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一

3.我的看法

这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。

(3)Private Cars of Today

1.目前私家车越来多了

2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题

这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。

1、每个结局都会变成一个新的开始。

2、人生道路千万条，条条道路有逗句号，困难只是逗号，快乐也不会是句号，若能带着问号走，定有惊喜的感叹号，朋友，愿你的幸福就像无穷尽的省略号!

3、总有一天，你会遇到一个绚丽的人，让你觉得其他人都是浮云。

4、如果你是将领当两军交战的时候如果敌我实力悬殊任何人都可以害怕而唯一不可以害怕的人就是你。

5、人们总是在长大以后回想起孩童时期，那种无关乎过去或未来，只在乎眼前片刻，无法重新拾回的时光。

6、忘不掉的是回忆，继续的是生活，错过的，就当是路过。

7、我越来越相信，创造美好的代价是：努力、失望以及毅力。首先是疼痛，然后才是欢乐。

8、真诚做人从自己开始，但更需要人人参与。

9、真正不羁的灵魂不会真的去计较什么，因为他们的内心深处有国王般的骄傲。

10、有些路看起来很近，可是走下去却很远的，缺少耐心的人永远走不到头。人生，一半是现实，一半是梦想。

11、一个人，就是一个平面镜，你微笑，别人真诚，彼此笑脸相迎，生活也像一面镜，人人都在镜中行，你真诚，常常微笑，肯定事事顺心!

12、退一步海阔天空，懂得进退才能成功;人生路风雨兼程，真性情不宜放纵;多少坑都要去冲，成长痛并快乐中，不强求才能争锋;平常心事事轻松。

13、决定我们成为什么样的人，不是我们的能力，而是我们的选择。

14、一时的错误可能导致一辈子的伤痛。

15、我们都犯过同一个错，和喜欢的人吵架，和陌生人讲心里话。

16、难关难不难，要看去分辨，其实成功并不远，努力才会梦实现，拼搏才有别样天，事情总是苦后甜，钢铁总是炼后坚。

17、把自己的欲望降到最低点，把自己的理性升华到最高点，就是圣人。

18、人生是否有奇迹，且看自己去努力，前方或许有荆棘，千万不要去躲避，生活一点不容易，前途如何看自己，拼搏才是真实力。

19、人与人之间的相处，很多时候“无声胜有声”，可避免让身边的人，陷入无地自容的窘境。比起张开大嘴四处嚷嚷，闭上嘴巴需要更高的智慧。

20、那么多曾让人羡慕的爱情，最后无疾而终，而那些从来就没人在意的爱情，却可以如此简单的相爱，开花结果。其实，只要有一只愿意握紧你的手，一颗把你放进生命里的心，这便够了。

21、相信自己，我们要做生活的强者。只有当你拥有一双自信的眼睛，你的生活才会更有光彩，你的生命才会更有生机。

22、一个不为别人奉献的人，无权要求别人为他奉献。

23、幸福分成两种，一种是看的见的幸福，一种是看不见的幸福，前者是物质的感观，后者是精神的感受。你选择了何种幸福，就决定了哪一种人生。

24、逆境中找到的朋友最可靠。

25、真正的深情是不言语的，只有爱的不多，才会大声向世界去证明 些什么。

26、想开了自然微笑，看透了肯定放下。

27、容易幸福的人都有点健忘。遗忘已经过去的坎坷和委屈，把更多的精力用来记取眼前的快乐和未来也许会出现的曙光。这不但是感恩生活，更是让自己过得好一点的方式。

28、因为你没有遗憾，所以你从来都不曾回头。

29、对着目标彷徨，会让你更加迷茫，对着梦想哀叹，会让希望更加暗淡，要做的是先厚积再薄发，成功之船便会很快到达。

30、谁都有过去，但不要让过去妨碍了自己去创造未来。

31、有时候，日夜思念。可是当思念的人出现在眼前，你却安之若素。

32、天再高又怎样，踮起脚尖就更接近阳光。

在我的学校生涯中，有许多很有趣的故事，其中在我的英语兴趣班里所发生的事令我至今难忘。

我的英语兴趣班的英语老师是一位十分年轻漂亮、和蔼可亲的Q老师。她长着一头乌黑的卷发，弯弯的眉毛，大大的眼睛，不大不小的嘴巴，戴着一付眼镜，高高的个子，身材苗条。Q老师上课很风趣，经常在上课的时候说一些十分幽默的语言，并通过一些笑话来让我们努力记住英语单词和语法。

有一次，老师教我们读“newfriend”这个单词，我们每个同学都要起来把单词读了一遍。一位男同学站起来了，他很害羞，低着头，手指紧紧地拽着自己的衣角，两腿微微地抖着，嘴巴一直发不出声音。老师走到他旁边，微笑着对他说：“大胆一点！不要怕，怕是学不好英语的！”

男同学吃力地读了，可瞬间教室里响起了笑声。“他把newfriend读成了牛粪了！”一位女同学大声地说道。

男同学更加难受了。他满脸通红，鼻子轻轻地抽动着，一副要哭的样子

“同学们！请安静！”Q老师放下手上的课本，“学英语不但需要多记、而且需要多读，要大胆地读，要大声地读。X同学，不要怕，谁都有错，不要紧的。”

X同学坐下，也不好意思地跟着笑了。

“老师，如果读得不好，读得不准怎么办？”一位同学认真地问。

“如果读得不好，别人笑话我们怎么办？”

“如果读出来别的同学听不懂怎么办？”

“千万别让外国人听到就行了。我们自己听不就行了吗？”

“老师说话了，安静！”课堂上七嘴八舌，十分热闹。

“同学们！英语要多读，要大胆读才能学好英语，不能害羞，胆小是学不好英语的。不要怕出错，错误每个人都会有，重要的是读错了要改。我小时候读英语也经常错，可我不怕，别人笑话了，我也跟着笑，过后我照样读。”

于是，我们终于大声地读起了课文。回答问题时，有的同学读错了，大家笑了起来，老师也笑了，过后立即纠正起来，终于，我们在一片欢声笑语中学到了英语。

在这个英语兴趣班里，通过这次英语课，让我懂得了要多读，大胆地读才能学好英语。

导语：3月25日晚9时29分，浙江嘉兴南湖附近的烟雨小区烟波苑，一户6楼民居着火。从网友上传的视频可见，当时火势很大，火舌从窗户蹿出，熊熊燃烧。下面是语文迷小编为大家整理的相关素材，欢迎阅读，谢谢!

3月26日凌晨0时44分，嘉兴的一位消防员姜添财，更新了一条朋友圈：“救人一命胜造七级浮屠!我只想说，我可以睡着觉了!”——这条微信背后，他所经历的惊心动魄，确实没法用这几个字说清楚。

3月25日晚9时29分，浙江嘉兴南湖附近的烟雨小区烟波苑，一户6楼民居着火。从网友上传的视频可见，当时火势很大，火舌从窗户蹿出，熊熊燃烧。

最让人心惊的是，有两个女人从6楼窗户攀爬出来，双手攀着窗台边缘，双脚抵着才10厘米左右宽的5楼窗台边。就在她们快要体力不支时，消防官兵在群众帮助下，从5楼窗台探出身，徒手将人安全接住。

当晚10时20分，火势被扑灭。近一小时时间，他们的家被烧成了焦壳。万幸，一家三口及时得救。

整个过程，只能用千钧一发来形容。

小区突然着火

六楼一家三口被困

烟雨小区是一个老拆迁小区，2001年交付。3月25日晚9时29分，5幢6楼一住户家却着了火。接警后，消防支队立即调派特一、南湖、经开中队9车43人赶赴现场，第一时间对周围住户进行疏散，“到达时南边已有明火，北边浓烟滚滚。想破门而入救人，却发现防盗门被反锁了!”特勤一中队中队长姜添财说。

门需要用破拆工具去拆，屋内有人已爬出窗台。消防分三路：一组对被困人员开展紧急救援;一组携破拆装备进行破门内攻扑救;一组出水枪在外冷却控制火势蔓延。当时，这家的男主人在楼南面——起火后，他从客厅窗台爬出，利用防盗窗、空调外机等户外设备，已攀爬至3楼窗台外。见此情形，救援人员立即展开15米金属拉梯将男主人救下。

母女俩前后扒窗台

消防员连安全绳都来不及绑了

“我老婆女儿还在里面，快救救她们!”这名男子告诉消防员，屋内断电了，他和老婆女儿都分散在不同位置。没一会儿，火和烟就大起来了，他跑去开门已经来不及了。

楼北面，更危急的一幕看得人心惊肉跳：大火从北面厨房的窗户蹿出，熊熊燃烧。一个中年女人从窗户口爬了出来，身体已悬空在窗台外侧，双手紧紧攀在6楼窗台上，双脚抵在5楼仅10厘米左右的窗台边上，已快体力不支。

“不要跳!不要跳啊!消防人员已经来救了!”底下围观的好多群众，心都跟着提到嗓子眼，大声鼓励她。

这边，姜添财已在腰上绑好安全绳，特警一中队一班副班长诸葛都慧在一旁辅助，两人在中年女人正下方的5楼窗台，准备救援。

“刚刚抱住她的腿，还没来得及说话安抚她情绪，她就因体力不支脱手了。惯性使她身体往外翻，千钧一发啊，我们死命将她拉了回来。”姜添财说。

劫后余生的她带着哭腔不断重复：“快救救我女儿和老公!”

不到半分钟，火势猛烈燃烧，已蔓延到北面的小卧室。一名长头发姑娘也爬出了6楼窗台，她同样紧紧攀在窗台边上。

这次，连安全绳都没来得及绑，特勤一中队战斗员魏庭标和5楼住户沈寒峰一起冲到5楼小卧室的窗台。消防员刚抱住姑娘的脚，姑娘就脱手了，身体向外翻。两个消防员探出身体，死死抱住姑娘的脚，徒手将人拉了回来。

姑娘还不知道父母已获救，第一时间向救援人员哭喊：“快救救我爸妈!”

看到母女俩相继惊险获救，被送上了等在楼下的救护车，底下群众也长呼一口气。

当晚10时20分，火势被扑灭。

房子已被烧成焦壳

女主人称火情由电热毯引发

3月26日早上，记者来到烟雨小区，起火的房子就在小区入口右手边，焦黑的三个窗口尤为显眼。被烧的住户家三室一厅都被烧得面目全非，焦黑一片。

很多邻居都看到了惊险的那一幕。“虽然东西都烧没了，还好，人救下来了。多亏了他，这对母女都是从他家窗口救的，他帮消防一起救的人。”很多大爷指着5楼户主沈寒峰说。

沈寒峰，45岁，在上海当过三年消防兵，退伍已20多年，“我听到楼上有异响，跑上去看，门反锁需要破拆，已有浓烟冒出。火太大了，他们从窗户爬出来，从我家救是最快的。”

记者在嘉兴武警医院烧伤科看到了女主人，51岁的张剑英，她右臂有些烧伤，老公和女儿身体无大碍。“当时，我已经在卧室睡着了，老公在客厅看电视打瞌睡。女儿发现突然断电了，叫醒打瞌睡的爸爸，这才发现小房间的电热毯在冒烟，一会儿就起火了!”张剑英现在仍心有余悸，“帮忙谢谢5楼邻居和救援人员，不然我们一家不知道会怎样了!”张剑英红着眼说。

记者从南湖消防了解到，起火后，这家人自己第一时间进行扑救，火势大了才报警。所以，等消防员赶到时，火势已扩散;在老旧小区，登高车开不进去;环境受限，救生气垫无法展开，金属拉梯高度又无法够达六楼，这才有了徒手空中接人的惊险一幕。“我们才刚抱住脚，人就掉下来了!现在想想，还是后怕。”姜添财事后说，“如果她从我眼前掉下去，我没接住的话，那可能以后都睡不着觉了。”

这位心里久久不能平静的消防员更新了朋友圈，他觉得终于“可以睡着觉了”。

消防提醒：

住户家中发生火灾时，尤其是高层建筑，千万不要盲目采取跳楼的方式来逃生，应当远离着火区域的窗口向外呼救或者发出光源警示，第一时间报警，等待救援。

导语：《平凡的世界》是中国著名作家路遥创作的一部百万字的长篇巨著;下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

《平凡的世界》是路遥老师创作的一部百万字长篇巨著,在70~80年代的背景上,劳动与爱情、挫折与追求、痛苦与欢乐、日常生活与巨大社会冲突纷繁地交织在一起。

1991年3月份《平凡的世界》获中国第三届茅盾文学奖。第一版于1986年12月在文联出版社出版;第二版于2012年3月在北京十月文艺出版社正式发行。

路遥(1949—1992)，原名王卫国，中国当代农村作家。

1.生活不能等待别人来安排，要自己去争取和奋斗;而不论其结果是喜是悲，但可以慰藉的是，你总不枉在这世界上活了一场。有了这样的认识，你就会珍重生活，而不会玩世不恭;同时，也会给人自身注入一种强大的内在力量。

2.我认为，每个人都有一个觉醒期，但觉醒的早晚决定个人的命运。

3.你能痛苦，就说明你对生活还抱有希望!

4.幸福不仅仅是吃饱穿暖，而是勇敢地去战胜困难。

5.我不啼哭，不哀叹，不悔恨，金黄的落叶堆满心间，我已不再是青春少年。

6.生活包含着更广阔的意义，而不在于我们实际得到了什么;关键在于我们的心灵是否充实。

7.不懈的追求生活，又不敢奢望生活过多的报酬和宠爱，而是理智而清醒的面对着现实。

8.什么是人生?人生就是用不休止的奋斗!只有选定了目标并在奋斗中感到自己的努力没有虚掷，这样的生活才是充实的，精神也会永远年轻!

9.生活啊，生活!你有多少苦难，又有多少甘甜!天空不会永远阴暗，当乌云退尽的时候，蓝天上灿烂的阳光就会照亮大地。青草照样会鲜绿无比，花朵仍然会蓬勃开放。

10.当然，普通并不等于庸俗。他也许一辈子就是一个普通人，但他要做一个不平庸的人。在许许多多平平常常的事情中，应该表现出不平常的看法和做法来。

11.命运总是不如愿。但往往是在无数的痛苦中，在重重的矛盾和艰难中，才使人成熟起来，坚强起来;虽然这些东西在实际感受中给人带来的并不都是欢乐。

12.年轻是一个中性词，它代表着很多缺点：缺乏经验、少不更事、容易冲动。但是也有很多优点，其中之一就是有大把的时间去遗忘那些不该记住的事情。

13.生命里有着多少的无奈和惋惜，又有着怎样的愁苦和感伤?雨浸风蚀的落寞与苍楚一定是水，静静地流过青春奋斗的日子和触摸理想的岁月。

14.生命里有着多少的无奈和惋惜,又有着怎样的愁苦和感伤?雨浸风蚀的落寞与苍楚一定是水,静静地流过青春奋斗的日子和触摸理想的岁月。

15.在这个世界上，不是所有合理的和美好的都能按照自己的愿望存在或实现。

16.生活不能等待别人来安排，要自已去争取和奋斗;而不论其结果是喜是悲，但可以慰藉的是，你总不枉在这世界上活了一场。有了这样的认识，你就会珍重生活，而不会玩世不恭;同时，也会给人自身注入一种强大的内在力量。

17.人活着，接得随时准备经受磨难。他知道不论是普通人还是了不起的人，都要在自己的一生中经历许多磨难。 磨难使人坚强。通过一段血火般的洗礼，他相信，自己历尽千辛万苦而酿造的生活之蜜，肯定比轻而易举哪来的更有滋味!

18.人生啊，是这样不可预测，没有永恒的痛苦，也没有永恒的幸福，生活象流水一般，有时是那么平展，有时又是那么曲折。要知道，春天的道路依然充满泥泞!人的生命力，是在痛苦的煎熬中强大起来的。

19.细想过来，每个人的生活同样也是一个世界。即是最平凡的人，也得要为他那个世界的存在而战斗。从这个意义上说，在这些平凡的世界里，也没有一天是平静的。

20.其实我们每个人的生活都是一个世界，即使最平凡的人也要为他生活的那个世界而奋斗。

21.人们宁愿去关心一个蹩脚电影演员的吃喝拉撒和鸡毛蒜皮，而不愿了解一个普通人波涛汹涌的内心世界……

22.钱当然很重要，这我不是不知道;我一天何尝不为钱而受熬苦!可是，我又觉得，人活这一辈子，还应该有些另外的什么才对……

23.命运总是不如人愿。但往往是在无数的痛苦中，在重重的矛盾和艰辛中，才使人成熟起来。

24.生活包含着更广阔的意义，而不在于我们实际得到了什么;关键是我们的心灵是否充实。

25.人和社会，一切斗争的总结局也许都是中庸而已。与其认真，不如随便，采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。有钱就寻一醉，无钱就寻一睡，与过无争，随遇而安。

纵观近年各地中考英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

1、以图表提供情景的作文要以读为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码、序号以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括、去粗取精;在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性，尤其是图表中的数据、时间等不得有误。

2、以图画提供情景的作文应以看为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、环境、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章，但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的浅表，而要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵。

3、以提纲提供情景的作文。这种形式本身的要点已经很明确，重点也很突出，只要把各个提纲加以发挥，注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。

4、以书信格式提供情景的作文。首先要了解书信的格式，英文书信格式与中文有所不同，

(1)一般在信纸的右上角写上写信人的地址和日期，地址应按从小到大的顺序排列;

(2)左边顶格写上收信人的姓名;

(3)正文部分;

(4)祝愿的话;

(5)写信人签名。信的内容一定要按所给的要求写，不要漏写。

导语：帮助人是美德，勤奋是美德，节约是美德，等等。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于美德的作文写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.土扶可城墙，积德为厚地。——李白

2.一个人最伤心的事情无过于良心的死灭。——郭沫若

3.阴谋陷害别人的人，自己会首先遭到不幸。——伊索

4.德行的实现是由行为，不是由文字。——夸美纽斯

5.让我们把不名誉作为刑罚最重的部分吧!——孟德斯鸠

6.如果道德败坏了，趣味也必然会堕落。——狄德罗

7.理智要比心灵为高，思想要比感情可靠。——高尔基

8.良心是由人的知识和全部生活方式来决定的。——马克思

9.我愿证明，凡是行为善良与高尚的人，定能因之而担当患难。——贝多芬

10.人类被赋予了一种工作，那就是精神的成长。——列夫·托尔斯泰

11.对于事实问题的健全的判断是一切德行的真正基础。——夸美纽斯

12.教育的唯一工作与全部工作可以总结在这一概念之中——道德。——赫尔巴特

13.人在智慧上应当是明豁的，道德上应该是清白的，身体上应该是清洁的。——契诃夫

14.在一个人民的国家中还要有一种推动的枢纽，这就是美德。——孟德斯鸠

15.人不能象走兽那样活着，应该追求知识和美德。——但丁

16.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。惟贤惟德，能服于人。——刘备

17.不患位之不尊，而患德之不崇;不耻禄之不伙，而耻智之不博。——张衡

18.行一件好事，心中泰然;行一件歹事，衾影抱愧。——神涵光

19.入于污泥而不染、不受资产阶级糖衣炮弹的侵蚀，是最难能可贵的革命品质。——周恩来

20.害羞是畏惧或害怕羞辱的情绪，这种情绪可以阻止人不去犯某些卑鄙的行为。——斯宾诺莎

21.装饰对于德行也同样是格格不入的，因为德行是灵魂的力量和生气。——卢梭

22.我深信只有有道德的公民才能向自己的祖国致以可被接受的敬礼。——卢梭

23.美德有如名香，经燃烧或压榨而其香愈烈，盖幸运最能显露恶德而厄运最能显露美德也。——培根

24.智者宁可防病于未然，不可治病于已发;宁可勉励克服痛苦，免得为了痛苦而追求慰藉。——托马斯·莫尔

25.我们有力的道德就是通过奋斗取得物质上的成功;这种道德既适用于国家，也适用于个人。——罗素

26.应该热心地致力于照道德行事，而不要空谈道德。——德谟克利特

27.感情有着极大的鼓舞力量，因此，它是一切道德行为的重要前提。——凯洛夫

28.没有伟大的品格，就没有伟大的人，甚至也没有伟大的艺术家，伟大的行动者。——罗曼·罗兰

29.共产主义不仅表现在田地里和汗水横流的工厂，它也表现在家庭里、饭桌旁，在亲戚之间，在相互的关系上。——马雅可夫斯基

30.有德行的人之所以有德行，只不过受到的诱惑不足而已;这不是因为他们生活单调刻板，就是因为他们专心一意奔向一个目标而无暇旁顾。——邓肯

31.守法和有良心的人，即使有迫切的需要也不会偷窃，可是，即使把百万金元给了盗贼，也没法儿指望他从此不偷不盗。——克雷洛夫

32.精神上的道德力量发挥了它的潜能，举起了它的旗帜，于是我们的爱国热情和正义感在现实中均得施展其威力和作用。——黑格尔

33.把“德性”教给你们的孩子：使人幸福的是德性而非金钱。这是我的经验之谈。在患难中支持我的是道德，使我不曾自杀的，除了艺术以外也是道德。——贝多芬

34.养成他们有耐劳作的体力，纯洁高尚的道德，广博自由能容纳新潮流的精神，也就是能在世界新潮流中游泳，不被淹没的力量。——鲁迅

35.只有在不仅消灭了阶级对立，而且在实际生活中也忘却了这种对立的社会发展阶段上，超越阶级对立和超越这种对立的回忆的、真正人的道德才成为可能。——恩格斯小鸭子儿童乐园

I have a wide range of interests and enjoy doing many things during my free

time.

I am fond of reading. I often read after class. My classmates like watching

TV while I prefer to read. I read various kinds of books and newspapers that

they afford me stories and news. The book I like most isThe House on the Mango

Street. I am also a music lover. Pop music is my favorite. I often listen to the

music programs on radio and I also have an MP3 downloading all my favorite

songs. In addition, swimming and badminton are my favorites, too. They help me

build a healthy body.

In short, I enjoy my life in school very much. Reading books, listening to

music and doing sports are very helpful to my health and my studies.

现在关于幸福的话题谈的很多，什么是生活的幸福，答案也有很多不同。但是，最近发生在我小区里的一个家庭的故事，给了我们一个另外的答案。

前年春天，我新搬到城南的新建小区。小区依山而建，风景秀丽，是现代都市里很标准的住宅区。居住在小区中的住户，大多是这个城市里的文化艺术人士， 开着私家车出出进进，每一个人的脸上仿佛都写着幸福与快乐。

开始的时候，小区物业不完善，清洁工时有时无，公共卫生便很糟糕。大家给管理部门提建议，希望找一个固定的清洁工，清洁工的工资大家分摊。

不久，我们的小区真有一名农民摸样的清洁工了。他50多岁，头发有一半都白了，听口音不是本地人，我们都叫他老陈。他很尽职，按规定他扫到每个单元的楼 口就可以了，楼里面的住户自己负责。但他总是把楼道里面打扫得干干净净，他说，大家都忙，我多干一点没啥。而且，他不是一天打扫一遍就算完事了，而是每天 早上5点起床打扫第一遍，下午1点 打扫第二遍。如果刮风下雨，他还会多打扫几遍。总之只要地上脏了，他就打扫。他总是说，人家花钱雇咱，不是说规定一天扫几遍，而是要让小区干净整洁卫生， 小区不卫生，那就是咱的不是了。他的善良和勤快，赢得了人们的信赖，大家都很自然地把他当成是小区的一员，碰到他的时候，大家都会停下来和他聊几句。

随着了解的加深，有关他的情况就在小区里传开了。他来自鲁西南，有两个孩子在我们的城市上大学，他通过在我们这个小区管理部门工作的亲戚找了这份工作， 一个月1200元，干完分内的工作后，他就在小区里拣废品，那些垃圾桶里的纸箱子、酒瓶子、塑料袋、矿泉水瓶等都捡拾起来，一个月下来也可以挣个几百元， 这样，加上孩子做家教的收入，上学的费用就有着落了。每个月还可以给老家邮回去一些钱，家里的柴米油盐也就够花了。

他就住在小区外面垃 圾楼的底 层。因为垃圾楼都是两层的，上面的一层放垃圾，下面的一层就是个五六平方米的小房子。为了垃圾车运垃圾的方便，垃圾楼底层的顶部是倾斜的，所以在下面的小 房子里有一半地方直不起腰来。但他对这个房子已经非常满意了。他说，在这个城市里能找到这样不花钱又可以住的地方真是太好了，这样他又可以节省一笔开支 了。

在一个周六的晚上，我去倒垃圾 的时候听到小房子里传来欢快的谈笑声。我敲开了门，原来是他的两个儿子来了。他们是在给人家上完家教之后一起来的，老大还买来了一个大西瓜，爷三个正在一 起吃着西瓜说着开心的事儿呢。他们见我来，很礼貌地让我在床沿上坐。两个孩子一个是学计算机，一个是学日语的，他们正各自讲着自己学校的事情。两个孩子的 穿着都十分朴素，但却丝毫也遮盖不住他们的才华和聪慧。我看得出，他们目光锐利，自信乐观，满脸上都是幸福的样子。

老陈告诉我，这一夜别想睡个好觉了，只要两个儿子来了，他们爷三个就挤在一张小床上，开心的话一夜都说不完。

很多天过去了，他们一家三口的影子始终在我的眼前晃动。我想，这是多么幸福快乐的一家人啊。比起住在高楼里的人们，他们拥有的幸福一分都不少，他们的日子一样快乐啊。

后来，小区的物业完善了，老陈走了。但是，每次走到那个垃圾台，我都会多看几眼那个小房子，似乎总是能够听到那里传来的幸福的声音。

作文教学一直是语文教师最头痛的问题,学生写作文难,老师改作文难,到头来,事倍功半,收效甚微。究其原因,传统作文教学无论是老师命题、学生写,还是学生写、老师改,学生都处于被动地位。欲改变现状,实施作文教改,调动学生的写作积极性是关键,那么怎样才能引发学生的写作兴趣呢,将就这个问题从三个方面进行阐述。

一、采取灵活多样的作文训练形式,充分调动学生的参与意识,激活学生的写作兴趣

(一)尝试将写作训练与听、说训练相结合

作文与说话不是互不相干的两回事,而现代中学生爱说的特点,决定了他们更喜欢听、说训练,因此在日常语文教学中要注重说话能力的训练。如学完某课后,让学生谈谈感受,或针对某一人物谈谈看法。可以让学生稍加思考后发言,在学生发言过程中,同样要注重对中心内容、条理安排,以及遣词造句等一些问题的及时指导。也可以让学生参与评议,老师适时地给予肯定与鼓励,并告诉学生,他们的发言很精彩,将他们说的写到纸上便是文章,让学生明白写文章不是弄虚作假,矫揉造作,而是表情达意的需要。学生在听、说训练中放松了心情,感知了口头作文的乐趣。课前5--10分钟的听、说训练也是培养学生写作兴趣的有效途径。这项训练的规则是:由老师根据写作需要设计写作题目,学生课下写,课前读,听的同学评说,最后老师点拨。要求人人参与,采取轮流发言、自主发言、指定发言、或无规则的抽查发言等多种形式,意在调动每位学生的写作积极性和参与意识。课堂上,读的学生绘声绘色,尽情展现自己的写作才能;听的学生细致认真,锻炼了概括提炼能力;评议的学生尽可能用简明的语言给予公正的评价,无形中增强了表情达意的能力与品评欣赏能力。有时各抒己见,争执不下,此时老师再进行点评,学生会有种豁然开朗的感觉。这种变学生写为学生既写又读,变老师评为师生共评的写作训练形式,充分调动了学生的参与意识,激活了学生的写作兴趣。

(二)尝试佳作鉴赏与再创作文训练的目的,在于培养学生正确运用祖国语言的能力,针对初中学生阅历浅、知识面窄、视野不阔的特点,可以用抛砖引玉的方式,开启思维,诱发创作。吕叔湘老先生在谈作文教学问题时,说过:“学生作文有一种相当普遍的毛病内容空洞。针对这种情况,教师可以在命题之后读写‘题中应有义’,给学生一点启发,或者让学生们大家谈谈。有些题目还可以告诉学生怎样去自己搜集材料。”这就告诉我们启发诱导在作文训练中的必要性。在作文训练课上,我们注重了导语的设计、写作意境的渲染与写作的指导。针对一些不好写的训练题目,尝试了“佳作引路------学生评价----老师点拨----学生再创”的作文训练形式。学生在例文的引导下,拓宽视野,活跃思维,在品评鉴赏中,学到了有利于写作的语言技巧、写作方法等。在老师的启发、鼓励下,学生进行了迁移思维,写出了自己的作品。这样,解决了学生无话可说的难题,在训练中也提高了写作能力,如此训练,学生易产生写作灵感,增强写作兴趣。

二、以课文为依托,架构作文与生活的桥梁,让学生在学以致用中,品尝到写作的乐趣生活是写作的源泉,因此作文命题设计应贴近生活,密切联系学生生活实际。

谁来架构生活与写作之间的桥梁?课文就能担此重任。随着教改的不断深入、教材版本的不断更新,课文内容也越来越贴近学生的生活实际,这些文章不仅能给人以美的熏陶,而且能起到典范作用。因此,作文教学以课文为范例,可谓就地取材,两全其美。)例如,九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书第一册第一单元选取的文章都是反映家庭生活的,家庭生活是学生最熟悉、感受最深的,这一单元的学习容易触发联想,诱发写作欲望,所以学习中教师要注意情感的渲染、写作技巧的总结归纳,巧妙地运用迁移思维,将学生引领到现实生活中来,进行写作。如:第一单元之中的《金黄的大斗笠》、《金盒子》、《羚羊木雕》都是以物为题目,并以具有意义的物品为线索来叙事,进而揭示中心表达情感。因此,在学过《金盒子》一课后,可以以“金盒子”为创新支点,设计写作话题:“在你的生活中也有类似金盒子的玩具吗?其中一定有一段动人的故事,凝聚着手足之情、母子之情、父子之情等,你能将其写出来吗?”学生都感到有话可说,都能真实地再现生活,并掌握了以“物”为叙事线索揭示中心的写法。再如,学过《社戏》一文后,设计以“童年”为话题进行作文,很多学生无形中就模仿了《社戏》的写作风格,以质朴的语言表现童年时的天真烂漫、纯真无私。以课文为范文,迁移思维,密切联系生活实际去写作,为学生更好的展现自我架构了桥梁,学生在学以致用中,品尝到了写作的乐趣,增强了写作的信心。

三、激励学生写出与众不同的个性作文,从而使作文常写常新。

构建写作乐园作家叶文玲在谈写作时说:“作文要有真情实感,作文练习开始离不开借鉴和模仿,但是真正能打动人心的东西,应该是自己呕心沥血的创造。”为此,教师要精心备课,鼓励创新,让学生写出自己的真情实感。老师可以找些有个性的作文读给学生听,让学生感悟到要想写得有点鲜味,就必须写自己的真实感受,探索未被别人发现的领域。教师也可以从学生的作文中筛选出既有真情实感,又别具匠心的作文,将其在班上范读,让学生来共同赏析、评价,指出其新颖之处,这样一来,就给学生指明了写作的方向。

有一次写环保类作文,有一位同学根据自己的观察来写卫河的治理情况:先是臭气熏天的情景;后来水变清,出现了钓鱼、游泳的怡人情景;没过几天,卫河又变成了臭水河,上面漂满了塑料袋。从而反映环境治理需要长抓不懈的主题。还有学生文章中反映小区建设的一些问题,一方面反映生活的真实,另一方面也写出了自己的个性。

总之，在作文教学中，我们应该另外选择内容比较新颖的文章作为剖析的对象，针对学生在写作中存在的实际问题，每剖析一篇文章便能真正解决某种技巧问题，这样就容易起到事半功倍的作用。如果学生能把握命题这一特点，就能避难趋易，像疱丁解牛那样，“以无厚入有间”，做到“游刃有余”。

中考马上就要到来了，语文迷小编为大家整理提供中考英语写作万能句子，赶紧来看看吧。

1. 不用说…… It goes without saying that … = (It is) needless to say (that) …

= It is obvious that …

例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。

It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.

2. 在各种……之中，…… Among various kinds of …， … /= Of all the …， …

例︰在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.

3. 就我的看法……;我认为……

In my opinion, …

= To my mind, …

= As far as I am concerned, …

= I am of the opinion that …

例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.

就我的看法打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。

4. 随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …

随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …

例：With the rapid development of Taiwans economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。

5. ……是必要的 It is necessary (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是重要的 It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that …

…… 是适当的 It is proper (for sb.) to do / that …

……是紧急的 It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that …

例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.

It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.

我们应当保持公共场所清洁。

6. 花费 spend … on sth. / doing sth. …

例：我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。

We shouldnt spend too much time on something we arent interested in.

7. how 引导的感叹句

例：那至少可以证明你很诚实。

At least it will prove how honest you are.

8. 状语从句

A)如果你不……，你就会…… If you dont …， youll …

例︰If you dont keep working hard, youll lose the chance.

如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。

B) 如此 ……，以至于…… so … that …

例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.

当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。

9. 宾语从句

我认为，…… / 我认为……不 I think / I dont think that …

我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …

例：He doesnt think I should stop him joining the club.

他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。

10. Since + S + 过去式， S + 现在完成式。

例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。

导语：早晨，天空不再有春夏秋天那种清亮亮的湛蓝，天边不再是金灿灿的阳光了。整个天空惨白惨白的，有点像用白纸遮盖了天空本来的面目，失去了天空原本的颜色。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢! ​

1.刺骨的寒风丝毫不讲情面的刮去了人们丰收的喜悦，鹅毛大雪覆盖了一切喧嚣，同时也覆盖了晴朗的心情。寒风中，“讨厌冬天”这个话题以风为载体传遍整个城市，也传到了冬天本人的耳朵里，但冬天并不伤感，她仍旧那么冷静、那么自然，她知道，时间一天天过去，她的孩子——春天，就快回家了。

2.下午四点左右，太阳就毫不吝惜地射放出它灿烂的光芒，给街上的行人，路边的树木、楼房都镀上了一层刮不掉的黄金，还给我们带来一种温暖的感觉。风，像母亲的手抚摸着你的脸，暖暖的，舒服极了。而云就像一块块融化的牛奶糖粘在天空上。

3.这一天天气格外晴朗，空气中带着冰雪的纯净，堆积在沟洼里的雪干飒飒的，小风一吹飘飘扬扬，想万点银粉撒在笔直的公路上，太阳光从山尖向外一喷，瞬间，在这平坦的路面上，闪着散碎，耀眼的光泽，好像是白银铺成似的。

4.天空渐渐暗了，似有又无的几片无的几片的云淡淡的浮在那，一种压抑的情绪成了催化剂，仿佛不久后就会有一场强大的无法预计的暴风雪。没错，会有的，只是时间的问题。开始了，有小雪花撒下了，逐渐落下了雪点，像冰雹一样砸下，接着体积不断增涨，最后那如同鹅毛般的大雪彻底遮住了人们的视线，如果你好奇，非要看一看此时的天空，那么你会发现，好像漫天的大雪都是冲着你来的，不要慌张，去感受它，你还会发现，有那么一瞬，你感受不到了周围的气息，仿佛你在慢慢的向上升着，旁边没有任何事物，只有你和雪，只有你和雪……

5.寒风呼啸着，树上的叶子已经落光了，只剩下光秃秃的树干。有时，天空中不是的飘起几片飞舞的雪花，我们几乎都是温室里的花朵，享受着恬静与快乐。然而，在我们快乐的背后，却是父母留下的辛勤汗水。

6.自从冬天到来时，给了我一种清爽的感觉;给了我一种朦胧的感觉;给了我一种怀念的感觉，记得上一个冬天，那时我的感觉却是那么的轻松快乐;那么的逍遥自在。上一个冬天，一个个雪精灵飘着飘着，可爱极了，轻轻拿起来，他们总是微笑的看着我，我仿佛融化在哪冰天雪地的季节里，沉浸在那暖暖的冬天里……我那时才知道，我已经被陶醉在那样的气息里了、

7.大雪纷飞，人们好象来到了一个幽雅恬静的境界，来到了一个晶莹剔透的童话般的世界。松树的清香，白雪的冰香，给人一种凉莹莹的抚慰。一切都在过滤，一切都在升华，连我的心灵也在净化，变得纯洁而又美好。树上已披上了一件白色的纱衣，地上像铺上了一层厚厚的白棉被。大地变成了粉装玉砌的世界。啊!真美啊!我陶醉在这银装素裹的世界里!

8.在人们还在享受秋季带给他们的凉爽时，冬姑娘已经不知不觉地来到了我们的身边。她，来的无声无息。当下了第一场雪时，人们才察觉到她来到了。下雪了，地上铺满了白色的地毯;大树裹上了银色的冬装;房子上也重新刷了一层白色的油漆……冬天好美啊!一下子，整个世界都变成了白色，多么象一幅有诗意的图画啊!

9.冬天到了，大地像披上了一件白色的衣裳，美丽极了!原本寂寞干枯的树枝也积上了一层晶莹洁白的雪花，真是“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”啊!停在院子里的面包车似乎被涂上了一层香甜的奶油。灰灰的天空中，雪花纷纷扬扬，飘飘洒洒，好像远方寄来的一封封信件，又像仙女在撒着银白色的花瓣雨，像一片片鹅毛，又像一团团棉絮，轻轻地飘落下来…

10.雪花飘落在大地上，一点儿，一点儿给大地妈妈添上了白色的秀发。冬的精灵就这样来到了人间，给人一种白茫茫的感觉，看上去是那么的可爱迷人。像是一个个五彩的泡泡美丽，但又是那么的脆弱，关心的一个抚摸，轻轻的一声问候，都会给它留下难以忘却的伤痕。也许正是它的脆弱，使人不能忘记，也不敢忘记它。

11.天空中漫舞着鹅毛般的雪花，我独自走在去学校的路上。道路是如此的漫长与坎坷。寒风无情的吹着，在我脸上留下了掠过的痕迹，道路两旁的树干在风中摇曳，尤如魔鬼的手爪在伸张。雪天，路滑。不久，看到前面有很多孩子，他们都由父母护送上学，他们生怕自己的孩子滑倒，生怕自己的孩子在风中寂寞。心中不由羡慕起他们来。

12.冬天，它没有春天的鸟语花香，没有夏天的绿树青山，也没有秋天的果实累累，可是冬天，它默默无闻，为人们送来了一个洁白的世界。雪花从一望无际的天空中轻轻地飘落下来了，纷纷扬扬，飘飘洒洒，一朵朵，一片片，白的似银，洁的如玉，像天上的仙女撒下的玉叶、银花，像天宫派来的小天使，还像那一只只正在翩翩起舞的蝴蝶。这一切是多么的令人神往啊!

13.冬，她是圣洁的象征，当冰雪跨进冬的门槛，整个世界便被北凝结。湖面、河面上都结上了一层厚厚的冰，房屋楼阁在雪中静默，土墩、田坎在银光中陶醉，“山舞银蛇，原弛蜡旬”。如明月轻洒，树枝如梨花绽放，绵绵的“柳絮”在空中荡游，梦幻般的“天使的羽毛”从天而降，整个世界都踏进了雪国，都为之沉醉了。“红装素裹，分外妖娆。”

14.漆黑的夜晚，世间万物没有了光明。在寒风的驱使下它来到了这个黑暗的尘世，用它的洁白给世间万物带来点点光明，用它身体发出的微弱的白光来拯救这个被黑暗笼罩的尘世。黑夜就成了它最大的敌人，它拼命的追赶着，意图将黑暗消灭。冬至，夜占了上风，腊月的夜晚虽然黑的出奇，伸手不见五指，但是洁白的雪花仍在发挥着自己的力量，将这个黑夜一点点照明，直到拂晓，万家灯火通明，这个尘世获得重生，它才在阳光的协助下离开。

15.早晨推开门出去时，刺骨的寒风呼呼地吹着，不时地向我袭来。并且，偶尔会有顽皮的小雪花纷纷扬扬地落下来，就像跳舞一样。六角形的雪花各式各样：有的像银针，有的像落叶，还有的像碎纸片…煞是好看。落在地上，仿佛给大地铺上了厚厚的毛毯;落在树上，像穿上了银装;落在汽车上，就像刚刚出炉的新鲜奶油蛋糕。这美丽的雪景使人们沉浸在清新的空气里。到处银装素裹，美不胜收。

16.早晨，天空不再有春夏秋天那种清亮亮的湛蓝，天边不再是金灿灿的阳光了。整个天空惨白惨白的，有点像用白纸遮盖了天空本来的面目，失去了天空原本的颜色。太阳好像也怕冷似的，躲进了像棉胎一样厚的云层。冷飕飕的风呼呼地刮着，路边光秃秃的树木像一个秃老头，受不住风的袭击，树杈在冷风里摇晃，像一只瘦骨嶙峋的手指向天空。风，使劲地透过衣服的缝隙，给你带来一瞬间的冷。大街上，买面包的小贩守在热腾腾的面包炉旁吆喝着，不同韵调的声音在大街上此起彼伏。大街上的每个人都缩着脖子，低着头，手插在口袋里，顶着风小步小步地往前走。

17.寒冬中显真情。在每一个冬天，我都感觉不出寒冷，因为有爱的存在。爱可以使冰川融化，可以使人不再孤单，做事也有了动力。渐渐的，我喜欢上了冬天。每年不只盼望春天，更盼望着冬天的到来。在不断的长大中，我也学会了给予别人关爱。爱是相互的。在我心中，冬天的味道是淡淡的甜味。

18.一阵风吹过，树上的叶子窃窃私语，如蝴蝶翩动着翅膀，偶尔有几片叶子的言语被风听到，一不小心，几片发黄的叶儿依依不舍的从树间划落，就像一组意象从诗歌中飘落。在这个冬天这些叶子经过岁月的浸染，完成了它们一生的使命。叶落归根，在下一个春暧花开的日子里依然能听到它们在树枝间呤唱着春的诗歌。

导语：难与易是相辅相成的，通过努力，化难为易，正确的方法能化难为易，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

两只钟已经忙活了一辈子。

有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：“你一年里要摆525600下啦。”

小钟吓坏了，说“哇，这么多，这怎么可能?!我怎么能完成那么多下呢!”

这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：“不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”

小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。

不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下!

【素材体味】

1.策略与智慧。老钟善于揣摩、利用小钟的心理，把困难化整为零，“你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。” 老钟换了一种思维从而消除了小钟的疑虑，体现了解决问题的智慧与策略。生活中同样需要这样的智慧。

2.心态决定结果。小钟因“一年里要摆525600下”而吓坏了，但为“一秒钟摆一下”而感到高兴，没有了心理负担很轻松地实现了目标。同样的任务，不同的心态，会产生不一样的结果。

3.化整为零。 当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而却步，殊不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。

【适用话题】

换一种思维 策略 智慧 心态 化整为零 目标