0有关兴趣爱好的英语写作素材【汇总20篇】
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+ 加入清单下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。
对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。
因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！
1.?????? Proverbs
1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.
2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.
3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.
4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.
5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.
6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.
7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.
8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.
9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.
10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.
11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.
12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.
2. Damaging Research
A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.
3. Education and Citizenship
An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.
Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.
Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.
Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.
4. The Teacher’s Role
Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.
Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.
5. Education Philosophy
For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.
Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.
In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.
This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.
6. Student Life
To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.
Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.
Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)
What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.
Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.
7. Adult Education
After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”
So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.
8. Moral Relativism in American
Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.
Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.
In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”
Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.
In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”
The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.
The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.
At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.
The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.
But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.
There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.
9. Schools Should Teach Values
People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”
There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.
As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”
This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.
We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.
What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.
These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.
After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.
10. College Pressures
Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.
What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.
My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.
I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.
“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”
Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.
It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.
The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.
Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.
Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.
Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.
I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.
“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.
“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”
“Then why are you going?”
“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”
Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”
But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.
I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.
Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.
“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”
The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”
Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.
Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.
“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”
Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.
To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.
If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.
Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.
“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”
“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”
I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.
Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.
This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.
They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.
If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.
I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.
I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.
11. To Err Is Wrong
In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?
Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.
Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:
Right over 90% of the time = “A”
Right over 80% of the time = “B~”
Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.
From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.
Playing It Safe
With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.
I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.
Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.
Different Logic
From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.
Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.
Errors as Stepping Stones
Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.
The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.
Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.
Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.
[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分
更多相似作文
篇1：2024英语写作必背经典句型集锦
全文共 4233 字
+ 加入清单英语写作少不了积累句型。以下是小编带来的2017英语写作必背经典句型【集锦】，希望对你有帮助。
the + 形容词最高级 + n. + (that) + S(主语) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
(海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。)
Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + V(谓语)
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
(没有比接受教育更重要的事。)
S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much：再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
(我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)
There is no doubt + that + 句子：毫无疑问，……
例句：There is no doubt that the economy is recovering.
(毫无疑问，经济已经逐渐复苏。)
It pays to + V + O(宾语)：……是值得的。
例句：It pays to help others.
(帮助别人是值得的。)
An advantage of + 名词结构+ is that + 句子：……的优点是……
例句：An advantage of using solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.
(使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。)
There is no denying that + 句子：不可否认……
例句：There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better.
(不可否认，我们的生活质量日益改善。)
On no account can we + V：我们绝对不能……
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
(我们绝不能无视知识的价值。)
It is universally acknowledged that + 句子：全世界都知道……
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us.
(全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。)
The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子：……的原因是……
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
(我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。)
be closely related to sth.：与……息息相关
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
(做运动与健康息息相关。)
So + 形容词 + be + S + that + 句子：如此……以致于……
例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.
(时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。)
It is time + S + 动词过去式：该是……的时候了。
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
(有关当局是时候采取适当措施解决交通问题了。)
S + enable + O + to + V：……使……能够……
例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
(听音乐使我们获得放松。)
be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V：不得不……
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
(既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。)
a. + as + S + be, S + V + O：虽然……， 但是……
例句：Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory.
(虽然我们的国家富有，但我们的生活质量仍差强人意。)
It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子：可想而知/明显/显然……
例句：It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
(显然，知识在我们人生中扮演着重要角色。)
The + 形容词比较级 + S + V, the + 形容词比较级 + S + V：……愈……，……愈……
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
(愈努力，愈进步。)
Since + S + 动词过去式，S + 现在完成式： 自从……，……一直……
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
(自从上了高中，他一直很用功。)
By + V-ing, S can V：通过……，……能够……
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
(通过做运动，我们能够保持健康。)
be based on sth.：以.……为基础
例句：Progress in society is based on harmony.
(社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。)
That is the reason why +句子：那就是……的原因
例句：Summer is sultry[闷热的]. That is the reason why I dont like it.
(夏天很闷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。)
There is no one but + V + O：没有人不……
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
(没有人不渴望上大学。)
Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing：因为/ 多亏……
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
(因为他的鼓励，我终于实现了梦想。)
For the past + 时间, S + 现在完成式： 过去的……来，……一直……
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
(过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。)
What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!：多么……!
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (遵守诺言是多么重要的事!)
get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V：养成……的习惯
例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
(我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。)
leave much to be desired：令人不满意
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
(我们的交通状况令人不太满意。)
Those who + V + O：那些……的人
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
(违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。)
have a great influence on sth.：对……有很大影响
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
(抽烟对我们的健康有很大影响。)
spare no effort to + V：不遗余力地……
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
(我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。)
do good / harm to sth.：对……有益/有害
例句：Reading does good to our mind.
(读书对心灵有益。)
pose a great threat to sth.：对……造成很大威胁
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
(污染对我们的生存造成很大威胁。)
bring home to + S + O：让……明白……
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
(我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。)
do ones utmost to + V = do ones best to + V：尽全力去……
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
(我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。)
篇2：英语常用谚语素材
全文共 4383 字
+ 加入清单Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
It’s never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢。
Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.
近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。
Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
心之所愿，无所不成。
One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。
Poverty is stranger to industry. 勤劳之人不受穷。
Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
天才不过是勤奋而已。
A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.
一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.四个简短的词汇概括了成功秘诀：多一点点!
It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
From small beginning come great things.伟大始于渺小。
A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
New wine in old bottles.旧瓶装新酒。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。
Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。
A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Better late than never.迟做总比不做好;晚来总比不来好。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。
Complacency is the enemy of study.
学习的敌人是自己的满足。
Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。
Books and friends should be few but good.
读书如交友，应求少而精。
All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。
A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。
By reading we enrich the mind， by conversation we
polish it.
读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。
Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
A good book is the best of friends， the same today and forever.
一本好书，相伴一生。
A young idler，an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。
A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。
Many hands make light work. 人多力量大。
All things are difficult before they are easy.
凡事总是由难而易。
As a man sows， so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
Misfortunes never come alone/single.祸不单行。
A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
No pains， no gains. 没有付出就没有收获。
All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。
A sound mind in a sound body. 健全的精神寓于健康的身体。
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。
Early to bed andearly to rise makes a man healthy，
wealthy and wise.
早睡早起身体好。
East or west，home is best.东好西好，还是家里最好。
Diligence is the mother of success. 勤奋是成功之母。
Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。
Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
Eat to live，but not live to eat.
人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。
Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。
Every little helps a mickle. 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。
Fortune favors those who use their judgement. 机遇偏爱善断之人。
Every man has his faults.金无足赤，人无完人。
A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。
Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。
Good advice is beyond all price.忠告是无价宝。
He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟，不进则退。Knowledge makes humble， ignorance makes proud.
博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。
Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。
Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。
Gold will not buy anything. 黄金并非万能。
Happiness takes no account of time. 欢乐不觉时光过。
Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。
A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
He is wise that is honest.诚实者最明智。
He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。
Many heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。
No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。
Man proposes，God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天。
No smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。
The greatest talkers are always least doers.
语言的巨人总是行动的矮子。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
Wise men love truth，whereas fools shun it.智者热爱真理，愚者回避真理
Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。
Money isn’t everything.钱不是万能的。
Rome is not built in a day. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
Sharpening your axe will not delay your jobof cutting
wood.磨刀不误砍柴功。
Will is power. 意志就是力量。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明的动力。
Truth never fears investigation.事实从来不怕调查。
Virtue is fairer far than beauty.美德远远胜过美貌。
Well begun is half done.好的开端是成功的一半。
Where there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
Never fish in trouble water.不要混水摸鱼。
Reading makes a full man.读书使人完善。
Speech is silver，silence is gold.能言是银，沉默是金。
You cannot burn the candle at both ends. 蜡烛不能两头点，精力不可过分耗。
You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。
Time cures all things.时间是医治一切创伤的良药。
Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.
脑中有知识，胜过手中有金钱。
篇3：高考写作素材：给自己一个悬崖
全文共 877 字
+ 加入清单导语：在关键的时刻，我们应该把自己带到人生的悬崖边上，在看似深渊的边缘，才有可能获得另一片蓝天。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关高考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
有一个人捡到一只小鸟，就将这只小鸟带回家里，给他的孩子玩耍，孩子将小鸟与小鸡一块饲养。慢慢地，小鸟长大了，人们才发现，这只小鸟原来是一只鹰。虽然这只鹰和鸡群相处得很好，但总有人家里丢鸡，人们就怀疑是这只鹰吃了鸡，强烈要求主人将这只鹰处死。这家主人舍不得，但迫于大家的压力，他决定放生这只鹰。但是，不管主人将它放到什么地方，它总能回到村里来。有一个人说他有办法，将鹰带到了一个悬崖边上。他将鹰向深渊里扔去，那只鹰一开始，就像是一块石头掉下悬崖，直直地向下坠落，眼看就要到崖底了，鹰突然展开了翅膀，竟然奇迹般地飞了起来，而且越飞越高，越飞越远，再也没有回来。
鹰本来是有翅膀的。能飞很高很远，但是，在一群鸡的世界里，它已经被同化了。没有经过锻炼，又贪恋温暖舒适的鸡窝，渐渐地，也就失去了翱翔蓝天的勇气和信心。要是没有人将它扔下悬崖，它永远不可能飞上蓝天，寻找属于自己的世界。
很多时候，我们都不敢面对这样的悬崖。
美国有一个作曲家乔治·格什温。他从来没有写过交响曲，而当时美国最著名的斯坎德爵士乐团的著名指挥家，却对他十分赏识，邀请他为交响乐团写一部交响曲。但是，固执的格什温声称自己对交响乐一窍不通，不肯从命。这位指挥家竟然在报纸上刊登了一则广告，说20天后，音乐厅将上演格什温的交响乐《蓝色狂想曲》。格什温看到广告，大惊失色，质问指挥家为何令他出丑，指挥家微笑着说，反正，全城人都知道了，你看着办吧。格什温没办法，只好将自己关在屋子里，硬是用两周的时间，完成了这部作品。谁知首场演出竟大获成功，格什温的名气也迅速传遍美国。
有些时候，我们确实需要紧逼的力量。使自己获得重生，让生命之树开出更加绚烂的花。
人总是对现有的东西不忍放弃，对舒适平稳的生活恋恋不舍。但是，一个人要想让自己的人生有所突破，就必须明白，在关键的时刻，应该把自己带到人生的悬崖边上，在看似深渊的边缘，才有可能获得另一片蓝天。
篇4：关于朱自清的中考写作素材
全文共 2694 字
+ 加入清单导语：朱自清，朱自清对优雅和谐、含蓄节制的美的追求，一方面是中国传统文化精神的延续，另一方面也隐含着对中国现实社会景象的逃逸和否定。下面是小编整理的关于朱自清的相关材料，欢迎阅读，谢谢!
【朱自清简介】
朱自清(1898年11月22日-1948年8月12日)，原名自华，字佩弦，号秋实。原籍浙江绍兴，生于江苏东海，长大于江苏扬州，故称“我是扬州人”。北京大学毕业，曾任清华大学中文系教授、系主任。中国现代诗人、散文作家。文笔清新，所著合编为朱自清全集。为中国现代散文增添了瑰丽的色彩，为建立中国现代散文全新的审美特征创造了具有中国民族特色的散文体制和风格;主要作品有《雪朝》、《踪迹》、《背影》、《春》、《欧游杂记》、《你我》、《精读指导举隅》、《略读指导举隅》、《国文教学》、《诗言志辨》、《新诗杂话》、《标准与尺度》、《论雅俗共赏》。
1.朱自清的最后岁月
逝世前半年，常年劳累的朱自清体力衰弱，经常连走一点路都很吃力。他感到自己骤然衰老，不过并不因此而消极。他把唐人的诗句“夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏”，反其意而用之，改成“但得夕阳无限好，何须惆怅近黄昏”，作为对自己的鞭策，压在书桌的玻璃板下。每天一清早就坐在桌前，读书勤奋不息，工作毫不减轻。
在生命的最后两个月，朱自清的身体已极度衰弱，体重低到77.6斤，且又“彻夜胃痛不止”，“不断大量呕吐”，病情日益危重。可他仍然编辑《闻一多全集》，编写教科书，备课讲授，演讲呐喊。在这两个月的日记中，他直接写到读书、买书、选书的日记竟有17篇之多。其中有他认真阅读瞿秋白同志的《鲁迅杂感集序言》和《大众哲学》的记载。甚至在逝世前26天，他还在日记中订了一个阅读计划，要求自己除星期六下午和星期日外，每天坚持轮流读一本英文书和中文书，利用休息时间读诗。说到做到，此后两天，即订出计划的第一个星期一，他开始读布尔芬奇的《神话集》和《波罗克夫的眼界》一文。
2.朱自清先生的一则逸事
根据上个世纪30年代清华的规定，教授们在校工作五年，就有一年的学术休假，由学校资助去外国访问进修。朱自清时任清华大学中文系教授，于1931年利用学术休假，在英国伦敦皇家学院和伦敦大学注册旁听。据《朱自清日记》于该年记述，他有两次夜梦清华未能继续聘他为教授，理由是他在外国文学上的学养上尚有不足;梦醒，全身冷汗，深感不发聘书颇有道理，于是他更加努力利用在伦敦的一切便利条件，来提高自己。俗语云：日有所思，夜有所梦。所谓“不足”，并非真的来自清华校方的压力，而是朱先生对自己严格要求的反映。
3.朱自清宁可饿死，不领美国救济粮
朱自清是清华大学中文系教授。1948年初，人民解放战争进入最后阶段，6月，北平学生掀起了反对美国扶植日本军国主义的运动。当时，朱自清身患重病，又无钱医治，但他毫不犹豫地在写着“为表示中国人民的尊严和气节，我们断然拒绝美国具有收买灵魂性质的一切施舍物资，无论是购买的或给予的”。的宣言上签了自己的名字。8月初，朱自清病情加重，入院治疗无效，12日逝世。那时他年仅50岁。临终前，朱自清以微弱的声音谆谆叮嘱家人：“有件事要记住，我是在拒绝美国面粉的文件上签过名的，我们家以后不买国民党配合给的美国面粉!”
吴晗1960年写的《关于朱自清不领美国“救济粮”》说：“这时候，他的胃病已经很严重了，只能吃很少的东西，多一点就要吐。面庞瘦削，说话声音低沉。他有大小七个孩子，日子比谁过得都困难。但是他一看了稿子，毫不迟疑，立刻签了名。”朱自清夫人也写道：“我们家人口多，尤其困难。为了生活，佩弦(朱自清字佩弦)不得不带着一身重病，拼命多写文章，经常写到深夜，甚至到天明。那时家里一天两顿粗粮，有时为照顾他有胃病，给他做一点细粮，他都从不一个人吃，总要分给孩子们吃。”在吴晗找朱签名时，“他的病情已经很严重了，呕吐得厉害——医生说应尽快动手术。”当天朱自清的日记中写道：“此事每月须损失六百万法币，影响家中甚大，但余仍决定签名。因余等既反美扶日，自应直接由自身做起，此虽只为精神上之抗议，但决不应逃避个人责任。”由此可见，吴晗说“毫不迟疑，立刻签了名”显然有夸张之嫌，朱自清至少也是咬牙决定的，以身作则的观念使他决定牺牲家庭的生活必需。
4.函请接济家父
鲁修贤
芦沟桥事变发生之后，朱自清先生转往大后方，他写信给当时在上海教书的李健吾，请他就近接济自己住在扬州的老父亲，李健吾自然不会让老师失望。那么，朱自清先生何以有信心如此重托他人呢?原来，这二人之间早已建立了深厚的师生情谊。——1925年暑假过后，朱自清先生应聘来到清华大学担任了中国文学系的教授。李健吾这时刚好从北京师范大学附属中学毕业，考取了清华大学中文系。上第一堂课，朱自清先生点名，点到李健吾时，问道：“李健吾，这个名字怪熟的，是不是常在报纸上写文章的那个李健吾?”李健吾回答：“不敢瞒老师，是我。”确实是在师大附中读书时，李健吾就和蹇先艾等组织了爝火社，从事新文学活动了。“那我早认识你啦!”朱先生高兴地说。下课后，朱自清先生劝李健吾：“你是要学创作的，念中文系不相宜，还是转到外文系去吧。”当时中文系只念古书，所以朱自清先生这么说。李健吾听了朱自清先生的话，第二年就转到外文系去了。师生虽不在一个系，但李健吾写了作品，都先送给朱先生看，始终把朱自清先生当作导师。朱自清先生也每次都字斟句酌地帮李健吾定稿。多年互动，使他们真挚的师生情笃定终生。
5.朱自清的读书生活
朱自清在上中学时，就极喜欢读书。当时家里每月给他一元零花钱，他大部分都交给家乡一家广益书局了，而且还常常欠账。引发他对哲学兴趣的一部《佛学易解》，就是从这家书局得到的。
1920年，是朱自清在大学最后一年。一次，他到琉璃厂去逛书店，在华洋书庄见到一部新版的《韦伯斯特大字典》，定价要14元。这钱对这部大书说来虽不算太贵，可对一个念书的学生却实在不是个小数目。自己手头没这么多钱，可书又实在舍不得，思来想去，就自己的一件皮大氅还值点钱了。
这件大氅，是父亲在朱自清结婚时为他做的，水獭领，紫貂皮。大氅虽是布面，样式有点土气，领子还是用两副“马蹄袖”拼凑起来，可毕竟是皮衣，在制作的时候，父亲还很费了些心力。可当时实在舍不得那本“大字典”，又想到将来准能将大氅赎出，便在踌躇许久后，毅然将它拿到了当铺。
当铺在学校后门，转身就到。朱自清并没有过多考虑。因为想到将来赎回，便以书价作当价：14块。大氅当然不止这个价，所以当铺柜上的人一点不为难，即刻付款。
拿上钱，朱自清马上去把那本《韦伯斯特大字典》抱了回来。不料那件费了父亲许多心力的大氅，却终于没有赎回来。
篇5：最新2024考研英语小作文写作技巧
全文共 1788 字
+ 加入清单小作文一般以书信居多，因此，在写作时要注意一下两点。
第一，既然是书信，一定要按照书信的格式写作。阅卷老师最先注意到的就是格式，其次才通过阅读看看内容是否符合要求。不注意格式，肯定被扣分。还不熟悉书信格式的同学赶紧多多练习。
第二，要仔细审题。这个问题年年在强调，但是年年有人不注意，写作时往往会跑题。这样怎么能得高分?考试时时间很紧张，怎样快速审题?笔者建议大家首先要脑子里要迅速构建一副写作场景，接下来要抓住关键词，然后围绕场景和关键词进行扩展。这一点不是说一说看一看就能掌握，需要同学们现在多做强化训练。
具体写作就按照题目要求一个点写一段，总共分三段。这样给人的印象是重点突出、条理清晰。下面就以2014年小作文为例，简单分析一下每一段怎么写。
称呼：Dear John,注意称呼中，所有实词首字母全部大写，Dear John后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。
正文：
第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：自我介绍，写信目的。文章开门见山就是自我介绍，用到了这样的表达：I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. 其中的“I am …who…”这个句型来自于建议信的表达，放在这里也十分贴切。接下一句话表明了写信目的：Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.
第二段：写作内容为习惯介绍以及寻求建议。首先，介绍自己的生活习惯，自己一般早上六点起床外出锻炼;周末一般在图书馆看书;其次，希望John就如何适应当地生活给自己一些建议。
第三段：写作内容表示期待，良好祝愿。用到了这样的表达：I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.
落款：Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;
签名：Li Ming，特别注意Li Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。
附注：
1、格式
称呼：英语应用文称呼有这样的特点，如果是不认识的人，一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如，DearSirorMadam或者ToWhomItMayConcern(需注意每个单词首字母都大写);如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人，称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如，DearMr.xx或DearMs.xx;;对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名，即Dearxx。需要注意的是：1.称呼要顶格写;2.称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号(推荐大家用逗号，因为历年的高分范文都是用逗号的)。
正文：正文格式一般有两种格式，一是缩进式，即首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行;一是齐头式，即每段开头不空格，但是各段之间空一行。老师建议考生采用缩进式，因为如果用齐头式，段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够，导致字数不够。
2、语言
写作用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次，句型可以多变，例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句，但注意语法运用要正确。此外还要注意，正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构，这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体，像写给朋友的书信等。
一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合，所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言，使交流得以进行。另外，考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，以便运用自如。
3、其他
考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔，虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词，但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后，认真列个提纲，这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时，注意表达清楚以下几个方面：首先交代清楚写信目的;其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然，注意关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来，应该对个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。最后，行文间要注意简化描述，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候，应该检查、修改，以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。
篇6：六级英语写作的七大要点
全文共 4319 字
+ 加入清单作文是六级考试的一个重要得分部分，可说起写作技巧，很多同学都会皱眉头，抱怨无话可写，内容平淡。下面是小编整理的六级写作的七大要点，欢迎阅读。
一、 长短句原则。
工作还得一张一弛呢，老让读者读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!
强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短;在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、 主题句原则。
国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!
特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原则。
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)
建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!
四、短语优先原则。
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点—精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。
其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如：I cannot bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。
五、多实少虚原则
原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。
比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable 之类的形象词。
再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!
六、 多变句式原则。
1)加法(串联)都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)转折(拐弯抹角)批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3)因果(so, so, so)昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：When to go, Why he goes away…
5)附加(多此一举)如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他;或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. 其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、挑战极限原则。
既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀!原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果你可以写出这样的句子，不得高分才怪!
篇7：我的兴趣爱好
全文共 423 字
+ 加入清单牛婉诗
每个人都有自己独特的兴趣，有的人喜欢跑步，有的人喜欢打篮球，有的人喜欢画画，有的喜欢……而我的兴趣爱好是写书法。
这是一个风和日丽的下午，微风拂过头顶，凉飕飕地。我们集中在教室里写书法，书法是中国的传统文化之宝。它不仅能陶冶情操，还能发现其中的乐趣。第一堂课老师教我们写一字，她说一字要扛肩，中间细，两边粗，要稍微弯一点，这样会更好的。老师刚说完，我立即拿好毛笔，端正姿势。怀着期待而又好奇的心情，小心翼翼地写起来，第一次写书法字，歪歪扭扭的，像一条弯曲的蛇，这么写都写不好，我心里有些抵触，想放弃。老师看出我的心思，走过来温和的说，不要放弃，要坚持就是胜利。然后她耐心细致的手把手教我怎样写一字，终于我会了。此时，老师的脸上绽开了一朵美丽的花儿。
到现在我写的字很好了，而且还会写很多字，也写得很美观。工整，大方，漂亮。老师赞叹不已，别的同学更是投来赞许的目光。
不会的知识可以学，传统文化可以传承下去。但是我的兴趣爱好就要坚持，不懈地去努力。
篇8：写我的兴趣爱好作文400字
全文共 557 字
+ 加入清单世上有那么多的才艺，比如唱歌、跳舞、画画等，而我呢，最喜欢跳舞了。
我从三岁就开始学跳舞了，开始，我一点都不想学跳舞，每次都是被我的妈妈拉到舞蹈教室里的，我一看见舞蹈老师，就哇哇大哭，可是我的妈妈才不管我呢，把我推进了教室里。
上课时，我被老师拉的痛死了，哭的稀里哗啦的。什么竖叉啊，下腰啊等等的基本功，看着都头疼，可我妈呢，在外面舒服的玩手机呢。我真的是又生气又哭笑不得啊！
慢慢的，我的基本功在老师的狠心下，在妈妈的督促下也慢慢的好了起来，我开始有一点喜欢上跳舞了，上课的时候不再要妈妈推进去了，不会哭了，不会生气了………
记得有一次，我参加了夏令营，晚上的篝火晚会，教练要小朋友们出来跳个独舞，但是所有的小朋友都没有勇气跳，这时候，我想起了妈妈对我的鼓励，想起了妈妈经常说的一句话：尽情跳舞吧，就像没有人欣赏一样！最后，我勇敢地在篝火晚会上跳了两支舞，像只快乐的小鸟一样。一支舞蹈跳完，大家响起了雷鸣般的掌声，所有羡慕的目光都投向了我。没错，我当时开心极了，无法言表。我终于体会到了跳舞的快乐，所以我真正喜欢上跳舞了。
我要谢谢妈妈，因为当时是她把我推进了舞蹈教室里，是她在一次次的鼓励着我，是她让我现在充满了自信………
现在的我，可以自信地面对任何困难，而且已经是舞蹈班的佼佼者了。我爱上了跳舞，我爱上了在音乐中漫步。
篇9：2024年高考作文写作素材：借用排比造势
全文共 636 字
+ 加入清单(1)。种子冲破岩层的禁锢，迎向光明;雄鹰穿过风暴的阻遏，飞向云霄;骏马突破 级绳的束缚，奔驰原野;海燕则冲向更猛烈的暴风雨。(《摆脱束缚》)
(2)、蜜蜂羡慕雄鹰能够搏击蓝天自由翱翔，却没有意识到自己能传播花粉使大自然 五彩缤纷，果实累累;沙砾羡慕碧玉青翠欲滴价值可观，却没有意识到自己终能成就平坦大道和万丈高楼;丑小鸭羡慕白天鹅洁白无暇万般美丽，却不知道自己正焕 发出独特的风采。(《是金子，总会闪光》)
(3)、盈盈月光，我掬一杯最清的;落落余辉，我拥一缕最暖的;灼灼红叶，我拾一 片最热的;美美芳草，我摘一束最灿的;茫茫人海，我要选择哪一种最符合我性情的人生?(《心灵归属何方》)
(4)我看见西子浣沙的涟漪，望见貂婵戏水的波澜，听到红拂袖水的誓言，闻到虞姬 临江的哀叹。水边的女人，永远带着那一份无悔，保持着那永不失去真彩的灵动。(江苏考生《水边的女人》)
(5)曾几何时，在众说纷纭中彷徨，找不到前进的方向;曾几何时，在他人的只语片 言中迷茫，缺一双飞离困惑的翅膀;曾几何时，没有选择坚守抑或听取的胆量，心中少一片照亮前路的阳光——朋友，别把心灰，别把气丧，请听取心灵对真善美的 呼唤，让心灵之灯为你导航!(江西考生《听取心灵的召唤》)
例3用一组语言诗化的排比句勾勒出一幅幅水边女人的画面。句式整齐，文势流畅，画 面清新，意境优美;例4连用三个“曾几何时”的句式构成排比，从反面极力渲染“迷途”的可怕，突出需要“心灵之灯”导航的重要性。这样铺排，形成气势，拨 人心弦。
篇10：英语高考作文预测及写作指导
全文共 1874 字
+ 加入清单英语是占据分数比较多的，所以写好英语作文很重要。小编整理了关于文明的英语作文，快来看看吧。
【预测作文】文明旅游
【猜题理由】有些旅游景点的文物景观遭到了严重的破坏，致使最近文明旅游的倡议越来越受重视，因此就“游客可付费在仿造长城上涂写留言”发表看法。
【预测题目】文明旅游
写作内容：1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点;
2. 以约120个词写一篇短文，就“游客可付费在仿造长城上涂写留言”发表你的看法，内容包括：
(1)谈谈对某些人喜欢在旅游景点随便涂鸦留言的看法;
(2)对专门修一段仿造城墙让游客付高价留言的做法你是赞成还是反对，并简要陈述你的理由。
【参考范文】
It is reported that tourists to China’s Great Wall can now leave their mark on a fake wall recently built near the real wall in Badaling if they pay 999 yuan.
In China, many visitors have the hobby of carving graffiti on places of interest, especially on some famous cultural relics. Last year I went to the Great Wall and found many people had left names and ugly words on the Wall, which destroys many historic bricks. In my opinion, such people should feel ashamed of leaving their marks on the great relics which were created by our ancestors.
So personally I quite agree with this brilliant project though it has caused criticism from some people. The Great Wall would be ruined one day if we didn’t take any steps to protect it. The fake wall is a really good idea because it will protect our relics as well as making profits from the project.(124 words)
英语写作指导：
英语学习中，在英语书面表达时，每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的?主体时态用什么时态?人称用第几人称?可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词?带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后利用自己有把握的英语句子丰富自己的提纲就可以了。
(1)条理性。指的是合理布局文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次，根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。
(2)准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。高考英语作文素材。
(3)流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，清晰段落，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。
(4)简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。
(5)思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。
(6)美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。在高考书面表达中，书面整洁是也是一个主观评分标准，所以在高考中保持书面整洁是必要的。
总结：那么在高考作文中，除了自己的一些英语知识的巩固还需要的是自己的情绪和思维。写作期间保持稳定的情绪，按照自己的思维完成写作，从总结文章中—布置文章结构—使用表达的语句—下笔连贯。最后当然是要检查是否出现拼错字，句子语法有误等。
篇11：2024年高考英语写作素材：劳动节祝福
全文共 2858 字
+ 加入清单五一劳动节，旅游不停歇，领略风光好，提升新境界，亲朋遥相聚，说笑不分离，身体虽疲惫，心里自然美，人间情珍贵。节日虽忙碌，没忘送祝福：劳动节快乐!
Labor Day, travel non-stop, enjoy the scenery, to enhance the new realm, relatives and friends. Together, talking and laughing are not isolated, is physically tired heart, the beauty of nature, the world precious love. The holiday is busy, dont forget to send blessings: a happy labor day!
五一到，扛一筐快乐，背一袋开心，真心送你送顺心;顶一卷如意，举一群幸福，真诚送你送温馨;揽一堆安康，扒一块吉祥，真情送你送舒心，愿你笑容绽放每一秒，五一劳动节快乐!
Five one to carry a basket, happy, happy heart to send back a bag, send you my best; each volume, for a group of happy, sincerely give you send a bunch of warm embrace; Ankang, with a piece of luck, love to send you to comfort, wish you smile every second, Labor Day happy!
编一个短信送给你，写份祝福送给你。五一来临之际，为您送上一份衷心的祈祷与祝福，诚祝您与您的家人度过一个愉快的劳动节!
Write a message to you, write a blessing to you. Five one approaching, to pray and bless you a heartfelt, sincere wish you have a nice day with your family!
携着一缕缕阳光心情妙，伴着一春浓浓芬芳笑容爽，发一段长长祝福万事吉，添一段甜甜回忆情意浓，道一声幸福悠长体安康，愿你五一劳动节生活美满，幸福常。
With the sun continuously wonderful mood, with a thick fragrant spring smile bright, send a blessing all long Ji, add a sweet memories of affective thick, say happiness long body of Ankang, I wish you a happy life Labor Day, happiness always.
劳动虽光荣，心情要放松，平常工作忙，身体好辛苦，五一假期到，外面风光好，快乐和健康，朋友要享到，愿君少烦恼，幸福粘你跑。
Labor is glorious, the mood to relax the body, usually busy with work, good work, five one holidays to the outside scenery, good, healthy and happy, to enjoy friends, wish you happy worry, stick you run.
平时工作太劳累，假期可以按时睡;清除烦恼忘琐碎，开心乐观不后退;真挚友谊诚可贵，短信祝福真实惠;劳动节里心情美，快乐和你永相随。
I work too hard, the holidays can sleep; clear trouble forget the trivial, happy dont retreat; sincere friendship is precious, SMS blessing real benefits; labor day in the mood beauty, happiness and you forever.
又是今年五一到，平安吉祥没烦恼：骑上顺利的单车，背起开心的背包，走上自在的小路，闻着甜蜜的花香，给自己身心一个放松的旅行，自然会得到生命更美好的记忆!五一提醒：必须开心，必须放松!
This year is the five one, peace auspicious not worry: ride smooth bicycle, carrying happy backpack, to ease road, smelling the sweet fragrance of flowers, give yourself a relaxing trip, will naturally be more beautiful memories of life! Five one reminder: must be happy, must be relaxed!
五月微风好春光，槐花栀子竟飘香，五一劳动节又来临，短信祝福送给你，外出旅游要小心，爱护文物和古迹，悠闲自得莫疲惫，健康排在第一位，饮酒千万别开车，平平安安才是真，祝朋友劳动节快乐!
In May a good spring, flower fragrance of Gardenia unexpectedly, Labor Day comes again, SMS blessing you, travel, be careful, protect cultural relics and historical sites, leisurely not tired, health in the first row, dont drink and drive, peace is the true friend, I wish a happy labor day!
平常忙，难游玩，工作多，好疲惫，五一到，假期来，爬爬山，观观海，赏赏花，陪陪家，远烦恼，多欢乐，心情愉，身体健，好朋友，常挂心，送祝福，万事顺。
Usually busy, difficult to play, work, good tired, five one, holidays, mountain climbing, sea view, appreciation of flowers, spend time with family, far more joy, worry, feel good, good health, good friends, often worry, send blessings, maestro.
篇12：有关内在美的高考写作素材
全文共 1247 字
+ 加入清单导语：做人、做事和与人交往，要看内在之美。外在的东西，很容易随着岁月流逝而褪色，失去人们的吸引力，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的高考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
有一个人曾拥有一把射得极准又远的好弓，但他因嫌其外观笨重，不够出色，于是请了名优秀的艺术家在其上雕刻了一幅行猎图，完工交付后，他甚为满意。可就在他试弓的时候，弓却断了，就这样一把好弓被毁了。一把好弓在于能射得又准又远，能在战场上多杀敌人，能够流传后世，而徒有其表的外在精美花纹图案却在其次，如果好弓只追求华而不实的美反倒成了本末倒置。
常言道，爱美之心人皆有之。那么究竟什么才是美呢?从表现形式上来看，美可以分为内在的和外在的。相比而言，哪种美更为重要呢?培根说过：“形容表现不出的部分，正是美中最美之处。”我国唐代文学家韩愈在其《杂说》中也曾谈到的“才美不外现”，培根和韩愈所说的“表现不出的部分”或“不外现”正是内在之美，内在之美是一种潜在的、内涵的、又无法掩盖的美，内在之美要比外在美更为重要、更为持久。
在做人的内在之美上，许多名人给我们树立了榜样。俄国批判现实主义作家列夫托尔斯泰，虽然曾被人批评衣着邋遢、不整洁，但并不影响他的内在之美，他用自己的简单而又朴素的内在之美写出了大量不朽的作品，深深影响着一代人。同样，法国著名科学家玛丽·居里，也是一位内在极美的女性。1911年她发现了化学元素钋和镭，为此获得了诺贝尔奖，但她却将获得的奖金无偿赠给了研究治疗癌症的实验室。居里夫人虽然穿着朴素，过着贫穷的生活，但她却是美丽的，她的内在美犹如宝石般让人们为她的美而惊叹赞许。
在做事上也要塑造内在之美。周恩来总理曾说：“自以为聪明的人往往是没有上场的。世界上最聪明的人是最老实的人。因为只有老实人才能经得起事实和历史的考验。” 因而，我们在工作、学习中要做那种勤奋、踏实的“老实人”，追求持久的、有内涵的内在之美，而不被那些浮躁的、虚伪的“看似美”的东西所诱惑。
不光是做人、做事要注重内在之美，与人交往也是如此。古人云：“人不可以貌相。”东汉时就有一位简朴勤劳的丑女叫孟光，三十未嫁，她曾说自己只嫁梁鸿，而梁鸿却是当时的大名士，不仅文章写得好，也是一位儒雅的美男子，因此孟光被国人传为笑料，然而梁鸿最终却看中了孟光的内在美——简朴勤劳，依然娶孟光为妻。如果梁鸿只在乎外表之美，也不会给后人留下“举案齐眉”的佳话了。《论语》中有这样一句话：“益者三友，损者三友。”意思是说，我们与人交往中，应交益友，即正直、守信、博学之人，而非那些损友，即惯于装饰外表、巧言令色的虚伪之人。因此，与人交往要关注对方内在之美，具有内在之美的人相互交往，友谊更为淳朴，更为持久。
做人、做事和与人交往，要看内在之美。外在的东西，很容易随着岁月流逝而褪色，失去人们的吸引力，而那些具有丰富内涵，对人灵魂具有深邃影响的内在之美，才能与时俱进，历久弥香，保持永久的吸引力。让我们在做人、做事和交往中积极塑造内在之美，让内在之美绽放出更美、更为持久的光彩。
篇13：英语作文素材：经典的英语格言
全文共 3785 字
+ 加入清单在我们的写作过程中经常会运用到一些英语格言，下面是语文迷网为大家整理的109句经典英语格言，欢迎参考。
1、 Time flies. 光阴似箭.
2、 Time is life. 时间就是生命.
3、 Times change. 时代在改变.
4、 Time is money. 时间就是金钱.
5、 Life is sweet. 人生是美好的.
6、 Love is blind. 爱情是盲目的.
7、 Extremes meet. 两极相通，有无相生。
8、 Like knows like 人识其类。
9、 Let well alone. 不要画蛇添足. /事已成功,不必多弄.
10、 Marry thy like. 结婚须找同类人.
11、 One man,no man. 个人是渺小的.
12、 Hsitory is bunk. 历史是一堆废话。
13、 Time marches on. 岁月如流
14、 Murder will out. 恶行终会败露。
15、 Never say "die. 永远不要说" 完了".
16、 Care is no cure. 忧虑治不了病。
17、 Beware beginning. 慎始为上。
18、 Deeds, not words. 行动胜于空谈.
19、 No mill, no meal. 不磨面,没饭吃.
20、 Like begets like. 龙生龙，凤生凤。
21、 Love begets love. 爱爱相生.
22、 In doing we learn. 我们在干中学习.
23、 No cross,no crown. 未经苦难,得不到荣冠.
24、 Care killed a cat. 忧虑能杀人。
25、 Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子.
26、 No song, no supper. 不出力,不得食.
27、 The truth will out. 真相总会大白.
28、 Time works wonders. 时间能创造奇迹.
29、 To think is to see. 思考就是明白.
30、 Truth will prevail. 真理必胜
31、 A lie begets a lie. 谎言生谎言。
32、 Years bring wisdom. 年岁带来智慧.
33、 In love is no lack. 爱情不会感到缺乏.
34、 Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得 . /悖入悖出.
35、 Every little helps. 点滴都有用.
36、 Forgive and forget. 恢弘大度，勿念旧恶。
37、 Manners maketh man. 举止造人品.
38、 Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖 。
39、 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
40、 Let the world slide. 人世沧桑,听其自然.
41、 Love me,love my dog. 爱屋及乌.
42、 Life means struggle. 生活就是斗争.
43、 Fair plays a jewel. 比赛风格好,胜过珠宝.
44、 Early sow,early mow. 种得早,收得早.
45、 Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失.
46、 Whats lost is lost. 失者不可复得。
47、 Waste not, want not. 不浪费,不会穷.
48、 Tomorrow never comes. 切莫依赖明天. / 我生待明日,万事成蹉跎.
49、 No man is infallible. 没有人不犯错误。
50、 Alms never make poor. 施舍穷不了人.
51、 Love will find a way. 爱心所至,金石为开.
52、 Manners make the man. 举止见人品。
53、 Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德.
54、 Pity is akin to love. 怜悯生爱.
55、 Call a spade a spade. 是啥说啥，难听不怕。
56、 Delays are dangerous. 因循出危险.
57、 Diamond cuts diamond. 强中自有强中手.
58、 Counsel is no command. 劝告不是命令.
59、 Poverty tries friends. 贫穷考验朋友.
60、 Once bitten,twice shy. 吃一次亏,学一次乖.
61、 Pain past is pleasure. 痛苦过去即欢乐.
62、 Leal heart lied never. 心诚无谎言。
63、 Hot love is soon cold. 过热的爱情冷得快.
64、 As good lost as found. 有得必有失. /得失同喜.
65、 Every dog has his day. 瓦块也有翻身日，人人都有运来时。
66、 Wise fear begets care. 懂得担心,就会小心.
67、 "Never”is a long word. 不要轻易说“决不”。
68、 After wind comes rain. 风是雨的头。
69、 Nurture passes nature. 教养胜过天性.
70、 Time tries all things. 时间检验一切.
71、 Time cures all things. 时间是最好的医生. /时间能医愈一切创痛.
72、 Truth needs no colour. 真理不需要打扮.
73、 Silence gives consent. 沉默就是赞成。
74、 Still waters run deep. 静水流深。
75、 Study,study,and study. 学习,学习,再学习.
76、 Virtue never grows old. 美德不会衰老.
77、 No sweet without sweat. 幸福来自汗水.
78、 No herb will cure love. 相思病无药医.
79、 A true jest is no jest. 真正的笑语决非笑话。
80、 A man can die but once. 人无二死.
81、 A bargain is a bargain. 成约不能翻悔。
82、 All men cant be first. 不可能人人得冠军。
83、 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马.
84、 Every flow has its ebb. 潮有涨落日,人有盛衰时.
85、 History repeats itself. 历史往往重演。
86、 I think,therefore I am. 我思考，所以我存在。
87、 Let bygones be bygones. 既往宜不咎。
88、 Look before you leap.三思而后行。
89、 Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功。
90、 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。
91、 well begun,half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。
92、 It is hard to please all.众口难调。
93、 Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见，心不念。
94、 Facts speak plainer than words.事实胜于雄辩。
95、 Call back white and white back.颠倒黑白。
96、 First things first.凡事有轻重缓急。
97、 Ill news travels fast.坏事传千里。
98、 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
99、 Beauty will buy no beef.漂亮不能当饭吃。
100、 Like and like make good friends.趣味相投。
101、 The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。
102、 Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。
103、 An idle youth,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
104、 AS the tree,so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
105、 Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。
106、 East or west,home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
107、 Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。
108、 To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着。
109、 live not to eat,but eat to live.活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
篇14：高考英语作文写作的技巧盘点
全文共 2829 字
+ 加入清单从每年的考试情况来看，很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来，但得分却较低。实际上，高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型，只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文拽起来。
一、几点重要原则
1.智者利用押题，傻子依赖押题!
2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!
3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。
4.文似看山不喜平，起承转合一定要有!
5.见微知著，一叶知秋，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。
6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句英汉对号式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。
二、善用万能句以不变应万变
历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。
从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。
备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。
最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。
考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。
写作时，尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有较多的语法结构和词汇，因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句，还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词，使写出来的文章含金量更高，更具可读性。
三、高分作文六大特性
1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。
2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。
3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。
4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。
5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。
6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。
四、怎样才能有拽的感觉
1.高考写作的实质变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用
英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈，那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容，是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定，内容方面，不需要学生进行发挥，大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句)，而要去穿一些不一样的衣服，让它显得不那么单调，让阅卷老师能看到不同，而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。
2.写作的评分标准怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口
我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右，写作满分25分，15分也就是个及格分，那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但是全都是简单句子的堆砌，没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服，而是李宁、耐克，或者是阿迪，所以让人觉得很拽，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很拽的感觉。
3.写作提分的三要素句型。连词。高级词汇
句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段，再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。
但是大家又有这样的困惑，学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊，动辄成五十上百句的，大家背得挺多，但是面对考试的时候，发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用，而是它们太干了，就好比一根干骨头，大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。
在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。
找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。
1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。
2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想：
(1)可以用什么样的复杂句；
(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。
例如：
这本书是如此的有趣，以至于我读了一遍又一遍。
1.This book was so interest，ing that l read it again and again，
2.This was such an interest，ing book that l read it again andagain，
3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and again
4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and again
这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句，因为它用了倒装。
4.如何备考
其实这种思维大家都有。但是没有成为一种思路，让它能在考试中起到作用，那是因为大家练得少。英语写作处在一种很尴尬的境地，一方面大家要分数。但另外一方面大家一个学期里写的作文也就是期中期末的两篇。毫不夸张地说，有的学生上了三年的高中可能只写了六篇作文，所以练习是很重要的，要是现在不练而把高考当练习。那么作文只拿14、15分也合情合理了，到那时你不要骂评卷老师不公平，而应该问问自己备考的时候为什么不多练几篇。时间都是挤出来的，希望大家可以挤出时间来练写作。
篇15：关于舍生取义的高考写作素材
全文共 2258 字
+ 加入清单导语：舍生取义， 舍生：舍弃生命。指为正义而牺牲生命。 下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于舍生取义的高考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
舍生取义 ( shě shēng qǔ yì ) 舍生：舍弃生命。指为正义而牺牲生命。 出 自先秦·孟轲《孟子·告子上·鱼我所欲也》：“生，亦我所欲也，义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”
自沉江心的“渔丈人”。
楚国太子的老师伍奢遭费无忌陷害后，其子伍子胥为躲过追杀逃出边境昭关，一路马不停蹄奔向吴国，可吴国对岸的一条江河使得他只有望吴“兴叹”。就在追兵将至的紧要关头，河中心芦苇丛里飘然而出着一叶扁舟的“渔丈人”，得知子胥遭遇后即渡其过河。临别前伍子胥的一个担心却断送了老人的命，上岸后子胥请求“渔丈人”千万不要泄露自己的去处，深明大义的老人看得出子胥是个人中英杰，为消除其疑虑使其安心实现抱负，在江心自沉而亡。
以“死”守“密”的田光。
秦始皇以统一六国实现大统而闻名，剑客荆轲则以刺杀秦皇而出名，当然，他的出名并不仅因他的刺客身份，更主要的是他身上那股浓烈的燕赵侠风义胆，要不人们对于博浪沙刺杀秦皇的那位却知之甚少呢?荆轲之所以能到历史舞台的前沿，还得归功于一位燕国的隐士，那就是田光。对秦恨之入骨的燕太子丹将田光招为门客后，从他那得知智勇双全的荆轲的情况，于是便让田光安排与荆轲隐密地见面，并再三吩咐田光切不可让第三者得知此情，田光将荆轲带至太子宫殿回家后为守密挥刀自刎。
不食周粟的伯益叔齐。
伯益、叔齐是商汤时期的孤竹国国君的两位皇子，可他们两人倒也有趣，争着不愿当囯君，放着“普天之下莫非王土，率土之滨莫非王臣”的鸾位不坐，逃到山里做起了隐士。周武王伐纣时，兄弟两人倒也曾出山力劝武王切不可违了臣对君应有的“忠义”二字，未果的情况下便再度入山，武王定了天下后，兄弟二人终日以野菜为食，不食半点周粟，后饿死山中。
义救孤儿的程婴与公孙杵臼。
纪钧祥的戏曲《赵氏孤儿》之所以流传千古，不单因那精美的戏曲台词、跌宕的故事情节，更主要的是剧里时时处处流淌出的“义”的光芒，尽管有时也会被阴霾所遮挡。故事讲述的是曾伴着晋文公重耳在外流浪十九年之久的赵衰后代的故事。时为晋景公姐夫的赵朔(赵衰之孙)，享受着祖上留下的“福荫”和皇亲的“风光”，可因景公宠臣屠岸贾的陷害不得已弃家而逃，怀有身孕的庄姬(赵朔之妻)无奈转至母后宫中寻求庇护。庄姬暗中产得一子，为防遭不测，在家臣程婴与公孙杵臼的帮助下，将子转出宫外。屠贼四处搜“孤”，并要屠杀全城婴儿。为使全城的婴儿免遭屠岸贾的毒手，也为了确保小主子逃过劫难，程婴以自家之子易得小主人藏于家中，并与公孙合计让他假作营救赵家婴儿之人带着自家之子匿于山中，由己扮为告密之人前去告发。后屠贼终以上当，公孙与程氏婴儿未能幸免，遂赵氏婴儿得以保存。待晋悼公临政时冤情方以申雪，程婴献赵氏之子于朝堂后也挥剑自刎以伴公孙老友。
苏武牧羊的故事妇孺皆知。
苏武被扣于匈奴后，匈奴贵族先以名利引诱，后以严刑威胁。但苏武始终大义凛然，宁死不屈。匈奴贵族无计可施，便“徙武北海上无人处”。苏武则“掘野鼠，去草实而食之”。在如此艰难的环境下，他仍拄着汉朝的旄节，不屈节辱命。他出使时正值壮年，待其归汉之时，已是须发皆白。他成为我国历史上坚持民族气节的著名人物。
东汉末年，曹操“挟天子以令诸侯”，被视为国贼。
一位洛阳名医名唤吉平，忠汉室，与汉国舅董承等人共谋诛曹。他打算在为曹操送药时下毒，却不慎泄露了天机。曹操命人痛打吉平，逼他招出何人指使。吉平血流满阶仍只是痛骂曹贼，后撞阶而死。在罗贯中笔下，他是有名的忠义之臣。
清末，戊戌变法失败后，康有为、梁启超逃往日本。谭嗣同是“有心杀贼，无力回天”。他坚信“不有行者，无以图将来;不有死者，无以酬圣主”，泰然赴死，留下“我自横刀向天笑，去留肝胆两昆仑”的名句。
黄花冈起义时，大批革命志士抛头颅、洒热血。林觉民率敢死队冲进两广总督衙门，与清兵浴血奋战，中弹被俘，从容就义。喻培伦胸前挂满一筐炸弹，冲锋在前，弹尽力竭，后被俘，英勇牺牲。
解放前，由于国民党腐败无能，经济趋于崩溃，洋货充斥市场。著名作家朱自清宁肯饿死也不买美国救济粉，被称为“表现我们民族英雄气概的爱国知识分子”。
战国:屈原，看着楚国的大好河山一点点的被吞啮，看着那一群奸佞小人为了一己荣华谄媚楚王，至国家于不顾。此情何堪?他决不愿同流合污，最后在绝望之中毅然决然的投入汨罗江。我理解此时的屈原，他是带着对楚国的无限眷恋，带着对楚国人民无限的爱离开了这个他曾热恋过的世界。他知道与其卑躬屈膝的活还不如轰轰烈烈的死!是的，屈原的躯体是随着滔滔的江水流逝了，可他的浩然正气却永远激励着一代又一代的中国人。
德佑元年(1275)正月，闻元军东下，文天祥在赣州组织义军，开赴临安(今杭州，当时南宋的京城)。次年被任为右丞相兼枢密使。其时元军已进逼临安，被派往元营中谈判，遭扣留，押往北就。二月底，天祥与其客杜浒等十二人，夜亡入真州。复由海路南下，至福建与张世杰、陆秀夫等坚持抗元。景炎二年(1277)，进兵江西，收复州县多处。
不久，为元重兵所败，妻子儿女皆被执，将士牺牲甚众，天祥只身逃脱，乃退广东继续抗元。后因叛徒引元兵袭击，同年十二月，在五坡岭(今广东海丰县)被俘。元将张弘范迫其招降张世杰，乃书《过零丁洋》诗以诉之。末句云：“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青。”
次年，被押送大都(今北京)，囚禁四年，经历种种严酷考验，始终不屈。于1283年从容就义，年仅47岁。
篇16：2024关于勤于实践的中考写作素材
全文共 564 字
+ 加入清单有一个人经常出差，常买不到对号入坐的车票。可是无论长途短途，无论车上多挤，他总能找到座位。他的办法其实很简单，就是耐心地一节车厢一节车厢地找过去。这个办法听上去似乎并不高明，但却很管用。每次，他都做好了从第一节车厢走到最后一节车厢的准备，可是每次他都用不着走到最后就会发现空位。他说，这是因为像他这样锲而不舍找座位的乘客实在不多。经常是在他落座的车厢里尚余若干座位，而在其他车厢的过道和车厢接头处，居然人满为患。他说，大多数乘客轻易地被一两节车厢拥挤的表面现象迷惑了，不大细想在数十次停靠之中，从火车十几个车门上上下下的流动中蕴藏着不少提供座位的机会;即使想到了，他们也没有那一份寻找的耐心。眼前一方小小的立足之地很容易让大多数人满足，为了一两个座位背负着行囊挤来挤去，有些人也觉得不值。他们还担心万一找不到座位，回头连个好好站着的地方也没有了。他们与生活中一些安于现状、不思进取、害怕失败的人一样，永远只能滞留在没有成功的起点上。这些不愿主动找座位的乘客，大多只能在上车时最初的落脚之处一直站到下车。
【温馨提示】生活真有趣，如果你只接受最好的，你经常会得到最好的。“耐心地一节车厢一节车厢地找过去”，这不就是一种生存和生活的智慧吗?同学们能够从故事中读到“自信”、“执着”、“富有远见”、“勤于实践”等主题，可以任选其一作文。
篇17：关于诚信的人物写作素材
全文共 2356 字
+ 加入清单导语：诚信是一种人人必备的优良品格，一个人讲诚信，就代表了他是一个讲文明的人。以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的名人诚信故事，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
名人诚信故事1：诚信赢得了爱情
30年前，他和她刚认识。当时，他们两家都没有装电话，手机、寻呼机就更不用说了，那时候根本就没有。
有一次他约了她晚上看电影，结果他临时早上有事出差到台北去，他认为能够很快地赶回高雄，后来发现来不及了。回高雄坐的是最后一班飞机，到家时快晚上11点了。她也差不多该睡觉了。他在台北也没打电话给她，回到家也没法打电话，于是他骑着摩托车到了她家的门口，她家已经熄灯，他想他们休息了。于是他就立刻在电灯杆底下借着路灯写了一封简单的信，装进了事先准备好的信封，投到她家的信箱里。
第二天一大早，她发现了信。她本来有些失望，觉得他这个人不守信用，但是看了这封信，她接受了他。她的父亲其实并不认为这个年轻人是最理想的候选人，比他条件好的人多得很。但是她对父亲说：“就是他，我就这么决定了，就嫁给他!”
这个年轻人就是台湾着名培训师余世维博士，是他的诚信赢得了爱情。
名人诚信故事2：以小见大说诚信
据《玉泉子》一书记载，吕元膺任东都留守时，有位处士常陪他下棋。有一次，两人正对局，突然来了公文，吕元膺只好离开棋盘到公案前去批阅公文，那位棋友趁机偷偷挪动了一个棋子，最后胜了吕元膺。其实吕元膺已经看出他挪动棋子了，只是没有说破。第二天，吕元膺就请那位棋友到别处去谋生。别人都不知道辞退他的原因，他自己也不知道为什么被辞退。临走时，吕元膺还赠送了钱物。
吕元膺之所以要辞退这位棋友，是由于他从这位棋友挪动一个棋子、搞了一个奷诈的小动作中发现了他的不诚信。诚信者，真诚守信之谓也。诚信，是人生的无形资产，是思想道德的重要组成部分。“人无信不立”，不诚信的人，不可能做好人，也难处世。与没有诚信的人交往，是十分危险可怕的。
挪动一个棋子，看起来是一件微不足道的小事，似乎不值得认真。但小事不小，小中可以见大。诚信，是一种美德，是一种可贵的善良;而不诚信，却是一种恶德，世间的无数不幸和灾祸的根源，无不是由恶德所滋生、引发的。小与大，并没有不可逾越的鸿沟。
名人诚信故事3：晏殊信誉的树立：
北宋时期著名的文学家和政治家晏殊，14岁被地方官作为“神童”推荐给朝廷。他本来可以不参加科举考试便能得到官职，但他没有这样做，而是毅然参加了考试。事情十分凑巧，那次的考试题目是他曾经做过的，得到过好几位名师的指点。这样，他不费力气就从千多名考生中脱颖而出，并得到了皇帝的赞赏。但晏殊并没有因此而洋洋自得，相反他在接受皇帝的复试时，把情况如实地告诉了皇帝，并要求另出题目，当堂考他。皇帝与大臣们商议后出了一道难度更大的题目，让晏殊当堂作文。结果，他的文章又得到了皇帝的夸奖。
晏殊当职时，正值天下太平。于是，京城的大小官员便经常到郊外游玩或在城内的酒楼茶馆举行各种宴会。晏殊家贫，无钱出去吃喝玩乐，只好在家里和兄弟们读写文章。有一天，真宗提升晏殊为辅佐太子读书的东宫官。大臣们惊讶异常，不明白真宗为何做出这样的决定。真宗说：“近来群臣经常游玩饮宴，只有晏殊闭门读书，如此自重谨慎，正是东宫官合适的人选。”晏殊谢恩后说：“我其实也是个喜欢游玩饮宴的人，只是家贫而已。若我有钱，也早就参与宴游了。”
这两件事，使晏殊在群臣面前树立起了信誉，而宋真宗也更加信任他了。
名人诚信故事4：列宁打碎花瓶的故事：
有一次母亲带着列宁到姑妈家中做客。小列宁把姑妈家的一只花瓶打碎了。于是，姑妈问孩子们：“是谁打碎了花瓶?”小列宁因为害怕受姑妈批评,便跟着其他孩子一起说：“不是我!“然而，母亲猜到花瓶是淘气的小列宁打碎的，因为这孩子特别淘气，在家里经常发生类似的事情。
但是，小列宁向来是主动承认错误，从未撒过谎。她装出相信儿子的样子，一直没有提起这件事，而是给儿子讲诚实守信的美德故事，等待着儿子能主动承认。
有一天，小列宁突然在妈妈讲故事时失声大哭起来，痛苦地告诉妈妈：“我欺骗了姑妈，我说不是我打碎了花瓶，其实是我干的。”听说孩子羞愧难受的述说，妈妈耐心地安慰他，告诉他只要向姑妈写信承认错误，姑妈就会原谅他。www.52article.com
于是，小列宁马上起床，在妈妈的帮助下，向姑妈写信承认了错误.从此以后，列宁没有再说谎，长大以后，他也通过诚信这可贵的品质获得了人民的支持。
名人诚信故事5：一诺千斤的故事
秦末有个叫季布的人，一向说话算数，信誉非常高，许多人都同他建立起了浓厚的友情。当时甚至流传着这样的谚语：“得黄金百斤，不如得季布一诺。”(这就是成语“一诺千斤”的由来)后来，他得罪了汉高祖刘邦，被悬赏捉拿。
结果他的旧日的朋友不仅不被重金所惑，而且冒着灭九族的危险来保护他，缍使他免遭祸殃。
一个人诚实有信，自然得道多助，能获得大家的尊重和友谊。反过来，如果贪图一时的安逸或小便宜，而失信于朋友，表面上是得到了“实惠”。但为了这点实惠他毁了自己的声誉而声誉相比于物质是重要得多的。所以，失信于朋友，无异于失去了西瓜捡芝麻，得不偿失的。
名人诚信故事6：门德尔松的诚实
门德尔松是德国著名的作曲家。
一次，英国的维多利亚女王在白金汉宫为正在英国访问的门德尔松举行盛大的招待会，欢迎这位著名的作曲家的到来。当门德尔松演奏完署有自己名字的《伊塔尔兹》这支曲子时，女王倍加赞赏，说：“单凭这一支曲子，就可证明你是天才。”
门德尔松并没有喜形于色，而是安详地对女王说：“不，那是我妹妹的作品。”
原来她妹妹芬妮亚也是个极有音乐造诣的作曲家，她写了这首曲子，几位兄弟不赞成署女人之名，一致商定用门德尔松的名字发表。尽管门德尔松誉满国内外，艺术才华出类拔萃，但他并不相夺人之美，贪他人之功为已有，表现出较高的素质和修养。
篇18：高考写作素材：“超级丹”的锤炼之路
全文共 1409 字
+ 加入清单导语：《直到世界尽头》是世界羽坛唯一全满贯得主林丹在第30届伦敦奥运决赛之日,首次推出的个人自传作品。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的有关励志的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
林丹,伦敦奥运会羽毛球单打冠军。完成了集奥运会、世锦赛、世界杯、汤姆斯杯、苏迪曼杯、全英、亚锦赛、亚运会冠军于一身的超级全满贯,被喻为“超级丹”
《直到世界尽头》是世界羽坛唯一全满贯得主林丹在第30届伦敦奥运决赛之日,首次推出的个人自传作品。在这本书中,林丹以质朴跳跃的语言,生动地讲述了他是如何从一个普通的小伙子成长为世界冠军的岁月故事,通过书写与教练、队友、对手的相处以及与妻子谢杏芳的感情,全面地展现了林丹并非一帆风顺的自我锤炼之路,告诉你一个真实、立体的林丹和他眼中的羽坛江湖……
5岁开始练习羽毛球,18岁进入国家队。12年国手生涯,林丹扮演着中国羽毛球男单的头号人物,完成集奥运会、世锦赛、世界杯、汤姆斯杯、苏迪曼杯、全英、亚锦赛、亚运会冠军于一身的超级全满贯,被誉为“超级丹”。然而在作者看来,“我的舞台不应该只是那不到一平方米的领奖台……与一生相比,我过去的岁月只能算是匆匆片刻,我也不过是在羽毛球领域里做成了一些事。现在,让我只做林丹,做回自己……我们都很平凡,但是我们可以做成一些不平凡的事。”随着林丹与你唠家常的娓娓道来,吸引着读者情不自禁地想与他一起去领悟那一场场决斗背后所凝结的情感与传奇,内心里荡起阵阵涟漪,给人一种余味无穷的思考和启迪。
在书中,对于陶菲克、李宗伟、盖德和自己并称“四大天王”的对手,林丹也完全敞开心扉,毫不避讳。他把老对手陶菲克称作“一辈子的对手,一生的朋友”,称陶菲克的打法和气质都透着神秘和诡异,陶氏风格更是变幻莫测、流水无形。特别是伦敦奥运会上与自己巅峰对决的李宗伟,更是作者笔下描绘的重要人物。林丹坦言,对我和李宗伟来说,伦敦奥运会将是最有可能实现创造自己王朝的一战。金牌是一定会努力去争取的,但对我和他来说,在羽坛拼杀了这么多年后,结果已经不再那么重要。
这部书完成于林丹出征伦敦奥运会前夕,不过他更愿意叫它“纪念册”。“我不想高高在上地说教,也不想让人把我当作范本,我只希望在有限的文字里,纪念我们走过的荣辱与共。”他说,我只是普通人家的儿子,有着朴素的情感,和每个“80后”一样,我也爱看《机器猫》或是樱木花道,热爱生活,热爱一切新鲜的潮流,偶尔有点怀旧,年龄越大越常思考生命的意义。
在林丹的右手臂上,印有“直到世界尽头”的文身,是《灌篮高手》片尾曲名。他把这句话定为书名,纪念他和他遇见的人一起走过的岁月,他说:“很多人都希望林丹一直战斗下去,虽然我也会感到疲惫,但每次想到这一路上所有的荣耀,更重要的是我们这一代人对羽毛球这项运动所作出的那一点贡献,将伴随后来者‘直到世界尽头’,好像心里又会宽慰许多。即便多年后林丹这个名字已经模糊得像一个符号,但是我还有可爱的你们。我会记得在青春似火的年纪,我们一起走过的岁月。那些共同的记忆还会延续下去,直到世界尽头。”
“人生的精彩不在于你站得有多高,而在于生命的宽度。现在,我也想看看我左右的风景,甚至站在不同的角度回头看看来时的路。”书中这样写道,在林丹的羽毛球世界里,尽头也许没有冷酷仙境,却有太多的人和事值得铭记。在忙碌喧嚣的现代生活中,我们要像林丹一样学会停停脚步,欣赏小桥流水,吹吹山野凉风,才能获得心灵的安适,静享生命的本真。
篇19：激发学生写作兴趣的方法
全文共 1680 字
+ 加入清单一、结合课堂教学实际，引导学生观察生活，做生活的有心人。
车尔尼雪夫斯基说过：“美是生活”。他的意思是，生活是美好的，生活中处处有美的闪光点，要善于观察、发现、捕捉，才能充实头脑，美化心灵，从而写出好的文章来．如夏衍经过两个多月的时间，每天半夜三点多钟起身，走十几里路，去观察包身工上班的情景，终于搜集到关于包身工日常生活的第一手材料，写出脍炙人口的《包身工》。又如刘白羽的《长江三峡》，朱自清的《荷塘月色》，《绿》，叶圣陶的《景泰蓝的制作》等等都是观察生活后写出的名篇。
因此，在课堂教学中，我结合课文内容，引导学生注意观察生活，做生活的有心人，从高一开始写日记，写周记，内容包括校园、家庭、社会，要求学生注意观察各种景物，观察各种人和事并细心体会个人的感受．结果不少同学写出了好文章。如97级黎青云的《春夏秋冬话九中》因观察生活，写出个人的真情实感，所以以高一级学生的身份参加学校校庆征文比赛，仍获校庆征文一等奖，并发表在《南海报》上。
二·、提倡学生关心时事，多听新闻．多阅报刊，以便有感而发。
学生要写好议论文，没有素材是不行的，故而我要求学生多听新闻．在家里，早、午、晚饭时间都要求学生注意收听新闻，关心时事。同时，我还提倡学生多阅报刊，增长见识，开阔视野．班里订的《羊城晚报》、《中国青年报》，学生个人订的《参考消息》、《文摘报》、《文萃》、《作文报》、《语文世界》等，同学们都争相阅读，作读书笔记，积累不少的典型素材，在此基础上，我又要求学生把报纸上他们感兴趣的、有感受的文章剪下来，写读后感，写评论文章等。结果学生的剪报作文比教师的命题作文还要写得好，因为他们是有兴趣而写，有感而发。
三、精选作文体裁和题目，作文训练力求系列化、系统化。
四、加强审题训练，多审题精写作。
五、借鉴名家名篇，提倡学以致用。
画家齐白石说过：“学我者生，似我者死。”搞艺术离不开一个借鉴模仿的过程，但不能生吞活剥、生搬硬套，作文也是如此。学习了课文中的名家名篇，让学生也去尝试一下，用刚学到的方法去仿写文章，也是我进行写作训练的一种方法。如学习了李健吾的《雨中登泰山》后，要求同学们用“移步换景法”去写《登奇山》、《游西樵山》等；学了李乐薇的《我的空中楼阁》，让学生用“定景换点法”写《校园之春》，提倡学生学以致用。当然这种仿写不是呆板的照搬照套，而是让学生借鉴，学习名家的写作方法。
六、尝试写作辩论式作文，突破常规思维。
1991的高考作文题是“近墨者黑／近墨者未必黑”，要求考生任选其一写作，这其实便是一种辩论式作文题型。我借鉴这种作法，以“名师出高徒／名师未必出高徒”，“有志者事竟成／有志者未必事竟成”等为题，让学生进行作文辩论，让他们持其中一个观点去驳另一与之对立的观点，要求既要观点鲜明，又要注意论证的辩证法，不失之于片面偏激、写作时要求学生按观点分成两组，写出文章后各派四个代表出阵参与辩论。结果不少学生能突破常规思维，拓阔写作思路，写出了言之成理，不落俗套的好文章，辩论场面也十分热烈，学生兴趣盎然。
七、教师评改作文与学生互改、自改相结合，教师重在讲评、鼓励。
为了发挥同学们的积极性，激发他们作文的兴趣，培养他们批改作文的能力，从而提高作文水平，我在作文评改方面，除了教师本人评改外，还采用学生互评或自评的形式。具体做法是：课前教师浏览了学生作文，找出作文中的优缺点，课堂上进行审题分析，指出此次作文的优缺点，示范评讲两三篇文章，列出批改的标准，然后让学生批改，可互评，可自评，先找优点，再指出缺点，重在鼓励，然后教师收上来再阅，贴出优秀习作。这样，学生亲自参与了文章批改，所以对本类作文的写法要求理解得更为深刻。
以上这些做法都是我在教学中的一些尝试，其中对写日记、周记、剪报作文、作文系列化训练和文章互改等方面有所侧重，收到较好的效果，98学年在学校征文比赛中，我所教班的几位同学的征文，均获校二等奖，2000学年，我任教班的几位同学，在学校征文比赛成绩不俗，其中邓佩琪是高一、高二两个年级中唯一的一个一等奖。另外，每个学期都有同学的作文刊登在校刊《红棉报》上。
篇20：纪念钱钟书先生的写作素材
全文共 5454 字
+ 加入清单导语：纪念钟书先生的最好方式，就是将他作为20世纪中国人文学术的一个杰出象征，总结一代大才成长的基本经验。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于钱钟书先生的相关材料，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!
中国社会科学院原副院长、特邀顾问、著名学者和作家钱钟书先生，于1998年12月19日，带着他对祖国、对人民、对中华文化的无限挚爱和眷恋，带着他无穷的睿智和学识，离我们而去。时光荏苒，但我们对钱先生的缅怀之情却益发深切。这使我想起俄罗斯伟大诗人涅克拉索夫悼念杜勃罗留波夫的诗句：怎样一盏智慧的明灯熄灭了，怎样的一颗心脏停止了跳动!
中国人文社会科学界正在生机勃勃地走向新世纪。整个学界都在思考，如何通过不懈的努力，产生出一批享誉海内外的学术大家，以一批重要的科研成果推动中国的发展和人类的进步。因此，纪念钟书先生的最好方式，就是将他作为20世纪中国人文学术的一个杰出象征，走近他，认识他，深刻地探讨他的学术道路和学理体系，总结一代大才成长的基本经验，以往鉴来，开拓21世纪人文社会科学更高历史水平的繁荣鼎盛的前程。
学贯中西，熔铸人类文化精华
钱钟书先生是中国数千年文化传统在一个风气开通、历史转型时期的特殊结晶。他1910年生于江苏无锡，幼承家学，天资过人，青少年时代就练就了文史方面的“童子功”。1933年钱钟书毕业于清华大学外文系，两年后到英国牛津大学攻读，后又至巴黎大学研究法国文学。抗日战争期间归国，曾在多所大学任教。1953年被聘为中国科学院文学研究所一级研究员。后相继担任了中国社会科学院副院长、院特邀顾问。
钱钟书的一生，是以生命的极限去探索人文写作和人文学术的极致的。他解放前出版了集幽默睿智于一的散文集《写在人生边上》，短篇小说集《人·兽·鬼》，描绘旧中国知识分子百相的长篇小说《围城》，融中西学于一体、见解精辟独到的《谈艺录》;解放后出版了《宋诗选注》、《管锥编》五卷、《七缀集》、《石语》、《槐聚诗存》等，待出版者还有《〈宋诗纪事〉补正》，等等。他还参与了中国科学院文学研究所编著《中国文学史》的工作，并作出了重要贡献。早在1950年他就参加了《毛泽东选集》英译委员会，并翻译了《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》。1960年他又参加了《毛泽东诗词》英译定稿小组的工作，断断续续直到“文革”开始受冲击“靠边站”，工作才停顿下来。到1972年，他从干校返京后又于1974年参加了英译工作，终于使《毛泽东诗词》英译本得以出版。在将毛泽东著作推向世界的工作中，钱钟书发挥了重要而独特的作用。但他从不以此为耀，宣示他人。
钱钟书不仅精通英文、法文、德文、意大利文及拉丁文、西班牙文，而且对西方古典的和现代的文学、哲学、心理学以至各种新兴的人文学科，都有很高的造诣和透辟的理解。
钱钟书先生对我国古代的经、史、子、集都有广泛而深入的研究。他立足于我国的文化传统，努力打通古今中外，使之熔于一炉，并铸广博的知识与精审卓识于一体，使丰富的原创性发现和坚实的学理性论证二者达到完美的统一。《谈艺录》是钱钟书青年时期之作，书中对许多问题都作了前无古人的发掘和辨析，出版之初就以视角的独特、观点的新颖和材料的丰赡充实震动了学界。《宋诗选注》是钱钟书在文学研究所工作期间完成的一项成果，对传统的选学开拓了崭新的境界。这部书既有普及性的一面，可供雅俗所共赏，同时又体现了钱钟书对宋诗乃至全部中国古典诗歌的深湛研究，资料极为繁富，论述多有发明，体例独特别致，充满了创造性，具有重大的学术价值。
《管锥编》是钱钟书晚年的力作，现已出版的几卷远非钱钟书计划的全部。最初设计为八卷，而只完成四卷，后出的第五卷是前四卷的“补遗”。如果天假以年，这部著作的规模一定还要更加宏伟。但就目前出版的五册来看，它们依托对《周易》、《毛诗》、《楚辞》、《老子》、《左传》、《史记》等典籍的独到研究，而又涉及后代许多文化论著和文学作品，熔铸古今，观照中外，就这些典籍中所涉及的文化、人生的诸多问题都做了深入的探讨并得出许多精辟的结论，堪称当代学术一座高峰。钱钟书的学术成就及其历史地位和价值是多方面的，其中最重要的一点，就是他自觉而科学地梳理和弘扬中华文化，在人类文化的总格局中把中华文化安放在一个恰当的位置上，从而推动中华文化有力地走向世界，并努力打通中西之间的隔阂，自觉而科学地吸取和借鉴一切外国文化的优良因素，从而使我国新文化建设的路途更宽广也更健康。
钱钟书的全部工作，归根到底，就是提炼和熔铸人类以往文化的精华，并努力把它推向更高更美的境界。他对中华文化的精通，他对外国，特别是西方文化精髓的深刻理解和把握，他以中华文化为基础对西方文化予以大气包举、融会贯通的魄力和驾驭力，在当代学林是高居峰巅，很少人能够企及的。钱钟书是世界级的学者，他的眼光也富有前瞻性。这一点世界上也有公论，法国总统雅克·希拉克先生唁电中说“他将以他的自由创作，审慎思想和全球意识铭记在文化历史中、并成为对未来世代的灵感源泉”。
可以说，钟书先生在文学上是一个全才，既是一位大学者，又是一位大作家。他最早成名之作是旧体诗，受到许多学界耆宿的称许。特别是长篇小说《围城》，影响更大。钱钟书文学创作上的成就，是一个与他的学术成就相平行而又相关联的课题，值得我们仔细地研究和总结。
嗜书如命，超常勤奋成就天才
我们回顾钱钟书的学术创新机制，更感到他的学术战略眼光高人一筹。他总是想方设法，尽量广泛地汲取有实质价值的世界人文学术的前沿知识，用以激发和培植自己独立创新的能力。钟书先生精熟典籍，许多人以为他是位“非三代两汉之书不敢观”的老先生，实际上这是一个大误会。虽然钱钟书安坐斗室，晚年几乎是足不出户，但是世界思想界的动态对他来说并不陌生。伦敦的《泰晤士报》的每周文学增刊，他是每期必看的，而且看得很细，所以一些新观点、新学说都逃不出他的视线。
他对学术事业的态度，用严肃认真、兢兢业业这样的词语来形容是远远不够的，他的顶真严谨几乎到了苛刻严酷的程度。他的书几乎没有一部在重印或再版时不作大大小小的修改。他的《谈艺录》初版于1948年，到1984年再版，所作的补订，篇幅几与原作相等。补订本不但增加了对中国古代文论的辨析和阐发，还大量吸收了西方新学科、新理论的成果，使这部30多年前的书依旧能够傲然屹立在当今时代的学术前沿。《管锥编》虽然1979年才出版，但很快就有了新的补订，第五卷就是“补订”的结集。
凡是钱钟书的朋友、同事或学生，或者哪怕是仅仅与钱钟书交谈过一次的人，都会对钱钟书学问的广博、思维的深刻、反应的敏捷、悟性之高、记忆力之强，叹为观止。钱钟书的天资禀赋我们很多人不具备也学不到，可以而且应该学习的是他那超常的勤奋。他的成就再一次雄辩地说明：勤奋，唯有勤奋，是实现和完成天才的真正必要条件。
关于钱钟书的勤奋，流传着许多感人的故事。据50年代在文学研究所工作的一些同志回忆，他们当时还是青年人，而钱钟书早已是名震遐迩的大学者了，可是，他们每次进入线装书库，几乎都会见到钱钟书。钱钟书拿着铅笔和笔记本，不断地翻检书籍，不断地抄录、作笔记，常常不知不觉地就过了半天。有时，他会在那里向青年人介绍各类古籍，告诉他们这些书的插架所在，历历如数家珍。文学研究所图书馆馆藏线装书十分丰富，许多线装书的借阅卡上只有钱钟书一个人的名字。文学研究所图书室当年收藏有许多好书，特别是珍贵的外文书，其中不少就是他帮助订购或搜寻来的。据说他精读的每一部书都反复批点，有的连天地两头和页边都写满了，再也找不到一点空地方。现在整理出版的《〈宋诗纪事〉补正》就是批注在《宋诗纪事》空白之处的。他的夫人杨绛先生曾在一篇文章中说，钱钟书撰著《管锥编》时，她为他整理、检点笔记本，整整费了两天工夫，装了几大麻袋。《管锥编》印出的书虽然只是5本，可是钱钟书为它作了多么长期、多么深厚的学术积累!在河南的“五七”干校无书可读，他就反复地读随身所带的字典和笔记本等。
还应该一提的是，钱钟书在为人、治学上的一个很大特点，就是在学术上直言不讳，对于自己不同意的意见，总是坦诚地谈出自己的看法。与此同时，对一些向他请教的青年人，尽管问题不大，甚至比较浅薄，他一般也从不表示不屑，更不以自己的学问骄人，而是循循善诱，问一答十，把他们的问题和思考引向深入。他就是这样不仅在学问上，而且在为人和言行上也为后辈学子树立了楷模。
历经风雨，爱国情怀终生不悔
钱钟书先生留学英、法，谙熟西方文化，但从不以此为傲。早在1945年，一位友人就在一篇记述钱钟书的文章中写道：“他为人崖岸有骨气，虽曾负笈西方，身上却不曾沾染半点洋进士的臭味，洋文读得滚瓜烂熟，血管里流的则全是中国学者的血液。”这段话很能再现钱钟书的风貌。打开《槐聚诗存》便可以看到许多怀念家乡与祖国和凝聚着爱国激情的篇章。
1938年，他留学英、法结束时，像他这样杰出的俊彦，当时在英、法找个收入丰厚的工作本是轻而易举的事，但是此时祖国正处在日寇侵略的水深火热之中，他怀着“相传复楚能三户，倘及平吴不廿年”(《槐聚诗存·巴黎归国》)的赤诚的爱国之心，毅然地回到了“忧天将压、避地无之”、“国破堪依、家亡靡”(《谈艺录》)的故国。
1949年北京解放前夕，有的人流亡国外，可是钱钟书偏要留在大陆。杨绛先生后来在《干校六记》中怀着诚挚的感情忆及这件事时说：“默存常引柳永的词：‘衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。’我们只是舍不得祖国，撇不下‘伊’。”“文革”中，钱钟书受到冲击，并被下放到“五七”干校劳动，杨先生曾问钱钟书：“你悔不悔当初留下不走?”钱钟书毫不犹疑地回答说：“时光倒流，我还是照老样!”表现了钱钟书对新中国、对中华这块热土和对安身立命基础的传统文化无限的热爱，不管国家怎样贫困落后，也不管在前进的道路上有多少曲折和苦头，自己受到过多么不公正的对待，他都不更改自己的选择，无怨无悔。几十年来，他同我们的国家、我们的党一道，历经风风雨雨、共度艰难险阻，也共享收获与成功。他始终积极地工作着，用他满腹才华和生花妙笔为我们的国家和人民提供着最好的精神产品，也为世界的知识宝库积累着财富。他为此贡献了自己全部的力量和生命。这是中国知识分子最重要、最可宝贵的品格。
钱钟书自己虽未参加共产党，但他的唯一的女儿北京师范大学教授钱瑗(不幸先于钱钟书病故)就是一个优秀的共产党员。钱钟书和杨先生还拥有不少共产党人的朋友。钱钟书与胡乔木同志是清华的先后同学。乔木同志对钱钟书的人品、学问、诗才一贯佩服之至，曾一再向不了解钱钟书的人宣传钱钟书是“稀有金属”，并批评过个别人对钱钟书的误解和诋讦。乔木同志在遇到问题时也经常向钱钟书请教，钱钟书也总能给他一个满意的答复。80年代前期，中国社会科学院特聘请钱钟书担任了副院长的职务。院里当时有个不成文的规定，一般的事情不轻易地打扰钱钟书，但学术方面的重大事情，则一定要请示他，并充分尊重他所提出的意见。而钱钟书也总是知无不言，言无不尽，并力所能及地为扩大本院的国际影响而努力。依我看，乔木同志与钱钟书之间的友谊，不仅是两个人之间的私人交谊，更重要的，是体现了我们共产党人与知识分子良好关系的典范。
党的十一届三中全会开辟了我国社会主义发展、包括人文学术发展的新纪元。它所提出的解放思想、实事求是的方针，给我国的学术文化发展带来了一个崭新的春天。钱钟书对这一新的方针政策是由衷拥护、全力支持的。他的长达100余万字的《管锥编》开始写作于“文革”未终、“四人帮”尚在肆虐之时。而这部体大思深的著作中没有一句趋时的话语，完全是钟书先生郁积多年思考的集中表达。《管锥编》的写作正像一朵迎春花预示着繁花似锦的春光就在眼前。钱钟书的学术成就是与国运同兴的。我们应该高度重视钱钟书的学术文化创造成果，也应该充分珍视党的十一届三中全会制定的方针路线给我们国家所开创的发展机遇。
淡泊名利，人格风范永留人间
我和钱钟书先生相识得较晚，但也是钱钟书著作的热心读者。我到社科院工作之前，曾在几次会议上见到过钱钟书，每一次我都特意趋前问候，并曾专门去看望过他。到社科院工作之后，我先后有几次去医院探望他，钱钟书和杨绛慢慢和我熟悉了，有什么心里话，也愿与我坦诚交换。去年11月，恰逢他88华诞，我曾和几位同志特意到北京医院，向他献上一束花，祝愿他早日康复。那一天他和杨先生都显得很愉快。
尤其需要提到的是，党中央和江泽民总书记及中央其他领导同志也一直关心、惦记着钱钟书的病情。我每次见到总书记，他总是十分关切地询问钱钟书的近况。1998年12月19日晚8时三刻许，总书记看到中国社会科学院12月18日晚关于钱钟书病危的报告，心里十分着急，即给杨绛打电话。通话后，总书记默然良久，后在病报上写道：“本拟去看望，后考虑给杨绛同志打一电话，不料钱老已于凌晨7时许逝世。我向她表示沉痛哀悼。”杨绛后来专门让我转达她对总书记和中央其他领导的关心表示诚挚的谢意。
杨绛坚持钱钟书的遗愿，要求后事一切从简，遗体由二三亲人护送，不举行任何悼念仪式，不保留骨灰，并恳辞花篮花圈。我们既为二位先生崇高的思想境界而感动，又觉得那样做未免简慢了些，难以充分表达对这位大学者的哀悼之情。但是为了尊重二位，经过反复研究，我们还是尊重了他的遗愿。钱钟书生前淡泊名利，去世也希望能摆脱掉一切虚礼和俗套。按照他的遗嘱，连骨灰也不曾保留。但是，钱钟书先生是不朽的，他的音容笑貌、崇高品质和等身著作将永远地留存于天地之间，放射出耀眼的光芒。