有关兴趣爱好的英语写作素材(通用20篇)

人的爱好多种多样，有新奇绝妙的，有平淡无奇的，我的爱好虽不新奇，却广泛的连父母也时常感叹。而在这众多的爱好中。我还是对读书情有独钟。

我从小就喜欢看书。小时侯，爸爸给我买的书籍不计其数，我一有空闲时光就沉醉于那优美的语句，丰富的想象中。

有一次我正坐在沙发上看“格林童话”，不知不觉便睡着了。做了个梦，梦里全是王子与公主的美满结局，英雄打败恶人的胜利场面……妈妈忽然把我叫醒，我才明白那原先是一场梦。而我似乎在梦里，一切都看的那么清晰，似乎听到了人们的呼喊声和呐喊声，还有热烈的鼓掌声~~~~妈妈的一席话惊醒了我：“别白日做梦了，快来吃饭吧/”我闻到了一阵香，原先那真的是一场梦呀。

为了看书，我能够放下一切。

记得有一次，妈妈出去买菜了，临走前叮嘱我看好水壶，我点了点头，之后就去看作文书了。看着看着。不知不觉便置身于作者笔下的场景中。我也似乎来到了冬天，与作者打起了雪仗。我们不知不觉玩到了下午，玩的可高心了~~~~~不一会儿，水开了，响起了鸣笛声，我却没有听见。这时，妈妈回来了，急忙把水灌进了水壶。

妈妈语重心长的对我说：“你看书是对的，但也不能三心二意的去做每一件事呀/”想一想：妈妈说的也对，做事不能三心二意，要做就做的更好/

虽然我的爱好使我受到父母的责备，但看书更多的让我懂得了无无尽的欢乐，能够对他人分享我的喜悦，是我最大的收获

时间是我的财产，我的田亩是时间。____歌德

春光不自留，莫怪东风恶。——莎士比亚

抛弃今天的人，不会有明天;而昨天，不过是行去流水。——约翰· 洛克

抛弃时间的人，时间也抛弃他。_____莎士比亚

合理安排时间，就等于节约时间。---培根

把活着的每一天看作生命的最后一天. --海伦·凯勒

黄金时代在我们面前而不在我们背后。---美国作家 马克·吐温

人生苦短，若虚度年华，则短暂的人生就太长了。---英国剧作家 莎士比亚.

只要我们能善用时间,就永远不愁时间不够用。---德国诗人歌德

勤劳一天，可得一日安眠;勤奋一生，可永远长眠.

时间会刺破青春的华丽精致。会把平行线刻上美人的额角;会吃掉稀世之珍，天生丽质，什么都逃不过他横扫的镰刀.

当我们还买不起幸福的时候，我们绝不应该走得离橱窗太近，盯着幸福出神

不管饕餮的时间怎样吞噬着一切，我们要在这一息尚存的时候，努力博取我们的声誉，使时间的镰刀不能伤害我们。 ——莎士比亚

幽默不是一种心情，而是一种观察世界的方式。——维特根斯坦

大地上有黑暗的阴影，可是对比起来，光明更为强烈。——狄更斯p

邀千百人之欢，不如释一人之怨;希千百事之荣，不如免一事之丑。

勇于求知的人决不至于空闲无事。——孟德斯鸠

求学如值树，春天开花，秋天结果。——爱因斯坦

生命不仅仅是一张行走在世间的通行证，它还要闪光。或许你会经历失败，但失败也是一种收获。宽容别 人或被人宽容，都是一种幸福。人生的悲哀不在与时间的短暂，而在于少年的无为。我没有突出的理解能 力，也没有过人的机智，只是在觉察那些稍纵既逝的事物并对其进行精细观察的能力上，我可能在普通人 之上。——达尔文

人类是唯一会脸红的动物，或是唯一该脸红的动物。——马克吐温

忘掉今天的人将被明天忘掉。——歌 德

一个人的价值，应该看他贡献什么，而不应当看他取得什么。 —— 爱因斯坦

成功=艰苦劳动+正确的方法+少说空话。--爱因斯坦

人的全部本领无非是耐心和时间的混合物。——巴尔扎克

时间是世界上一切成就的土壤。时间给空想者痛苦，给创造者幸福。——麦金西

时间是一个伟大的作者，它会给每个人写出完美的结局来。——卓别林

从不浪费时间的人，没有工夫抱怨时间不够。____杰弗逊

导语：舍弃是一种痛苦，更是一种智慧，不经历雕琢，石头不能成佛。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

有一个小和尚耐不住禅院的寂寞，老觉得修行太慢，感觉不出自己的长进，甚至他怀疑自己究竟能不能修成正果。有一天，他再也没法忍受了，就向老禅师发牢骚，说自己没有慧根、缺少佛性，对自己失去信心了。老禅师微微一笑说：“山腰的工地上，石匠们正在为本寺加工佛像，你反正也静不下心来，就跟他们去劳动吧，做个帮手，学点手艺……”小和尚一听，居然特别高兴，心想，终于可以出去透透风、乐呵乐呵了。分数线信息，可查看：新浪微博@高考倒计时

可是，三天以后，小和尚来找禅师，他满脸歉疚：“师傅，我还是回来修行吧，连四角八棱的粗糙岩石都能在工匠的雕琢下变成仪态万方的石佛，何况我是一个人呢?”老禅师舒心的笑了。

上面材料引发了你怎样的思考?请选择一个角度构思作文，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

要求：①选好角度，确定立意，不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文;②自拟标题;

③除诗歌外，文体自选;④不要套作，不得抄袭;⑤用规范汉字书写。

【立意分析】

这是一则寓言作文材料，故事内涵丰富。在作文时要找准切入点，才可以准确构思立意。这则寓言中有三个主要形象：老禅师、小和尚、“佛像”。因此作文构思立意可以从这三个主演的具象去切入。

从老禅师的角度，可以概括出“教育一定要讲求方式方法”“正确引导的效果要比一味的说教要好”“给与亲身体验的教育，远远胜过那些空洞的说教”“教育是一门充满智慧的科学”等。

从小和尚的角度切入，可以概括出“凡事情半途而废，常常是没有恒心所致”“信心是成功的关键所在”“要走向成功，不仅需要信心，还需要持之以恒的毅力”“欲速则不达”“领悟真理，往往需要源于实践的体验…‘只有认清自己，才能树立雄心，激励斗志，从而走向成功”“先要有心灵的顿悟，而后才能有正确的抉择乃至成就事业…‘舍弃中选择，选择中舍弃，人生就是不断舍弃和不断选择的过程”等。

从佛像的角度切入，可以概括出“在走向成功的途中，一定要懂得舍弃”“舍弃是一种痛苦，更是一种智慧”“不经历雕琢，石头不能成佛;不经过磨练，人不能成就大业”等。

Charlie Plumb was a US Navy jet pilot in Vietnam. He flew 74 consecutive successful combat missions. However on his 75th mission, his F4Phantom fighter was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile and he was forced to eject. The only thing between him and imminent death was his parachute that he prayed would open. The parachute did open and Charlie made it down to the ground alive, but he was captured and spent 6 years as a prisoner of war in a Vietnamese prison camp.

查理·普拉姆是一名越战时美国海军喷气机飞行员。他曾驾机连续成功执行了74次战斗任务。然而，在他第75此执行任务时，他的F4幽灵战斗机被一发地对空导弹炸毁，他被弹射了出去。唯一能够从死亡的边缘挽救他的就是随身带的降落伞，他祈祷着伞能打开。结果，降落伞顺利打开了，查理得以活着着陆，但被敌军俘虏，在越南监狱里被关了6年。

One day, many years after returning to his homeland, Charlie and his wife were sitting in a little restaurant in Kansas City when he noticed two tables over was this guy who kept looking at him.

他回到祖国很多年后的一天，查理和妻子坐在堪萨斯城的一个小饭馆里，发现隔着两桌，有个人一直在看他。

Finally the guy stood up and walked over to Charlies table and said, “Youre Captain Plumb.Youre that guy. You flew jet fighters in Vietnam. Youre a fighter pilot, part of that Top Gun outfit. You launched from the aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk, you parachuted into enemy territory and you spent six years as a prisoner of war.”

终于，那人站起来走向查理的桌子，对他说：“你是普拉姆机长。就是你，你在越南驾驶喷气战斗机，你是个战斗机飞行员，穿着飞行服的‘精英一族’。你从吉提霍克号航空母舰起飞，跳伞落到了敌军阵营，后来作为战俘被关了六年。”

Somewhat dumbfounded, Charlie looked up at the guy and asked, “How in the world did you know all that?” The man chuckled and said, “Because I packed your parachute.”

查理听完几乎目瞪口呆，他抬头看着那个人问道：“你怎么，怎么会知道所有这些?”那人呵呵笑道：“因为我帮你打包整理的降落伞。”

Charlie was speechless. The man grabbed Charlies hand and pumped his arm and said, “I guess it worked,” and walked off.

查理一句话都说不出来。那人抓住查理的手，拉着他的胳膊说：“我想降落伞真的起作用了，”然后就转身走了。

Charlie laid awake that night, thinking about all the times he had walked through the long narrow room, below sea level on the aircraft carrier, with the tables where the men packed the parachutes. He wondered how many times he must have walked past this man without even saying “hi,” “good morning” or “good job” or “I appreciate what you do.”

当天晚上查理失眠了，想到在潜入水下的航母上，他走过那间长长的狭窄的房间，许多人围着桌子为飞行员打包降落伞。他想到自己不知有多少次曾与那个人擦身而过，却都没有说一句“你好”，“早上好”，或是“干得好”，“对你做的我很感激”之类的话。

“How many times did I pass the man whose job would eventually save my life…because I was a jet jockey, because I was a fighter pilot and he was just a sailor? ” he asked himself.

“我有多少次走过那个最终救了我命的人身边却无视他?因为我是个飞行员，是个战斗机飞行员而他仅仅是个水手?”他质问自己。

Think about this for yourself. How many times in life do you pass the people who help you out the most? The people who come out of the far corners of your life just when you need them the most and pack your parachutes for you? The people who go the extra mile, the people who dont look for the kudos or the accolades or the achievement medal or even the bonus check—the folks who are just out there packing parachutes?

回过头想想自己吧。人生中有多少次你曾无视地走过帮助你最多的人?那个看似离你的生活最远，却在最需要的时候默默替你打包降落伞的人?那些多付出一些的人，那些不求功名利禄，不求奖章甚至好处的人——那些仅仅是打包降落伞的人?

1、每一个成功者都有一个开始。勇于开始，才能找到成功的路。

2、任何的限制，都是从自己的内心开始的。

3、古之成大事者，不唯有超世之才，亦必有坚韧不拔之志也。

4、世界上那些最容易的事情中，拖延时间最不费力。

5、一天过完，不会再来。

6、再长的路，一步步也能走完，再短的路，不迈开双脚也无法到达。

7、世界会向那些有目标和远见的人让路。

8、即使爬到最高的山上，一次也只能脚踏实地地迈一步。

9、有事者，事竟成;破釜沉舟，百二秦关终归楚;苦心人，天不负;卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。

10、这个社会，是赢家通吃，输者一无所有，社会，永远都是只以成败论英雄。

11、伟人之所以伟大，是因为他与别人共处逆境时，别人失去了信心，他却下决心实现自己的目标。

12、一个年轻人，如果三年的时间里，没有任何想法，他这一生，就基本这个样子，没有多大改变了。

13、任何一个行业，一个市场，都是先来的有肉吃，后来的汤都没的喝。

14、一流的人才，可以把三流项目做成二流或更好，但是，三流人才，会把一流项目，做的还不如三流。

15、勤奋是你生命的密码，能译出你一部壮丽的史诗。

16、不管多么险峻的高山，总是为不畏艰难的人留下一条攀登的路。

17、机会只对进取有为的人开放，庸人永远无法光顾。

18、因为穷人很多，并且穷人没有钱，所以，他们才会在网络上聊天抱怨，消磨时间。

19、怠惰是贫穷的制造厂。

20、最好的节约是珍惜时间，最大的浪费是虚度年华。

To realize the value of one year:要想知道一年的价值

Ask a student who has failed a final exam.就去问期末考试不及格的同学

To realize the value of one month: 要想知道一个月的价值

Ask a mother who has given birth to a premature baby. 就去问生那早产儿的母亲

To realize the value of one week: 要想知道一周的价值

Ask an editor of a weekly newspaper. 就去问问周报的编辑

To realize the value of one hour: 要想知道一小时的价值

Ask the lovers who are waiting to meet. 就去问等待相会的恋人

To realize the value of one minute: 要想知道一分钟的价值

Ask a person who has missed the train, bus or plane. 那就去问问误了火车汽车或飞机的人

To realize the value of one second: 要想知道一秒的价值

Ask a person who has survived an accident. 就去问大难不死的人

To realaize the value of one millisecond: 要想知道一毫秒的价值

Ask the person who has won a silver medal in the Olympics. 就去问问奥运会获得银牌的人

Time waits for no one.时间不等人

Treasure every moment you have.你拥有的每一分每一秒都要珍惜

美文欣赏:你可以选择自己想过的生活

Occasionally, life can be undeniably, impossibly difficult. We are faced with challenges and events that can seem overwhelming, life-destroying to the point where it may be hard to decide whether to keep going. But you always have a choice. Jessica Heslop shares her powerful, inspiring journey from the worst times in her life to the new life she has created for herself:

生活有时候困难得难以置信，但又不容置疑。我们面临的挑战与困境似乎无法抵御，试图毁灭我们生活，甚至使你犹疑是否继续走下去。但是你总有选择的余地。从人生低谷走向新生活的杰西卡·赫斯乐普，在这里与我们分享她启迪心灵、充满震撼力的生活之旅。

In 2012 I had the worst year of my life.

2012年是我生活中最艰难的一年。

I worked in a finance job that I hated and I lived in a concrete jungle city with little greenery. I occupied my time with meaningless relationships and spent copious quantities of money on superficialities. I was searching for happiness and had no idea where to find it.

我做着讨厌的财务工作，住在难寻绿色的高楼林立的城市。我忙于无意义的交往，在一些肤浅表面的东西上大笔开销。我寻找快乐，却又不知道它在哪里。

Then I fell ill with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) and became virtually bed bound. I had to quit my job and subsequently was left with no income. I lived with my boyfriend of then only 3 months who financially supported me and our relationship was put under great pressure. I eventually regained my physical health, but not long after that I got a call from my family at home to say that my father’s cancer had fiercely progressed and that he had been admitted to a hospice.

然后我患上了慢性疲劳综合症，几乎到了卧床不起的地步。我不得不辞掉工作，同时也就断了财源。我和那时仅相处了3个月的男友住在一起，经济上完全依赖于他，我们的关系承受着巨大压力。终于我恢复健康，但不久，我接到家里的电话，父亲的癌症急剧恶化，已经住进了临终关怀中心。

I left the city and I went home to be with him.

我离开了城市，回家陪父亲。

He died 6 months later.

6个月之后，他去世了。

My father was a complete inspiration to me. He was always so strong that, for a minute after he drew his last breath, I honestly thought he would come back to life. I couldn’t believe I would never again cuddle into his big warm chest and feel safe no matter what.

父亲的事让我彻底清醒。他一直很强壮，在他咽气之后一分钟里，我真的认为，他会活过来。我不能相信，我再也不能依偎在他温暖的怀抱里，享受他宽大的胸怀带给我的安全感。

The grief that followed was intense for all of us 5 children and our mother, but we had each other.

母亲和我们5个兄弟姐妹极为难过，但至少我们还拥有彼此。

But my oldest sister at that time complained of a bad back. It got so bad after 2 months that she too was admitted to hospital.

但是，那时我大姐开始抱怨着背痛，2个月后，因疼痛加剧也住进了医院。

They discovered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bones and that there was nothing that they could do.

医生们检查发现，她已是骨癌晚期，对此他们已无能为力。

She died 1 month later.

1个月之后，她也走了。

I could never put into words the loss of my sister in my life.

大姐的逝去让我陷入难以形容的痛苦之中。

She was a walking, talking angel and my favourite person in the whole world. If someone could have asked me the worst thing that could ever happen, it would have been losing her.

在这个世界上，她是一个能走路、会说话的天使，我最喜欢的人。如果有人问我，世界上发生的最坏的事情是什么，那就是失去她。

She was my soul-mate and I never thought I would journey this lifetime without her.

她是我的灵魂伴侣，我从来没有想过，我会走过没有她陪伴的生命旅程。

The Moment Of Deliberate Choice

抉择时刻

The shock and extreme heart break brought me to my knees. The pain was so great and my world just looked desolate. I had no real home, no money, no job, and no friends that cared. Not one person had even sent me a sympathy card for my loss.

我被打击和极度的心痛击挎了。强烈的痛苦使世界在我眼中变得如此凄凉。我没有真正意义上的家，没有钱，没有工作，也没有关心我的朋友。没有一个人因我失去亲人而寄给我慰问卡。

I made an attempt of my own life and I ended up in hospital.

我尝试着活下去，结果住进了医院。

I remember lying in the hospital bed, looking up at the ceiling and seeing my sister’s beautiful face. She stayed with me all night long.

我记得，躺在病床上，看着天花板，看到姐姐美丽的面庞。她整夜守候着我。

I realised during that night that I had a choice. I could choose to end my life or I could choose to live it.

那天晚上，我意识到我可以选择。要么结束生命，要么活下去。

I looked in my sister’s eyes and I made a decision not to go with her just yet. That I would stay and complete my journey here.

望着姐姐的眼睛，我决定不跟她走。我要留下来，走完我的生命旅程。

I also made the decision that, I wouldn’t just live any life. I would live the life that I absolutely LOVE and nothing less.

同时，我还决定，不只为生活而生活，我要完全以自己想要的方式生活。

In that moment, the clarity that descended around me was like a light shining in a dark room for the first time. As if the earth’s plates had shifted under my feet and everything suddenly looked real for the first time.

在那一刻，这一想法第一次清晰得如同一盏在黑暗闪烁的明灯。好像脚下的地球版块变换了，每一样东西在我眼前都真实得前所未有。

美文赏析:打开心门拥抱生活

We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesn’t exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we can’t hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.

生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？

Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.

当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。

1. Breathe into pain

直面痛苦

Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness that’s unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion that’s fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.

当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实——悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀。

By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.

深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。

2. Embrace the uncomfortable

拥抱不安

We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.

我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。

The initial impulse is to run away — to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.

我们的第一反应总是逃避——以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。

3. Ask your heart what it wants

倾听内心

We’re often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isn’t usually involved in the decision making process?

我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。

I know we’ve all felt decisions or actions that we had to take simply due to our “gut” impulses: when asked, we can’t explain the reasons behind doing so — just a deep knowing that it had to get done. This instinct is the part of ourselves we’re approaching for answers.

其实很多决定或行动都是我们一念之间的结果：要是追问原因的话，恐怕我们自己也道不清说不明，只是感到直觉如此罢了。而这种直觉恰好是我们探索结果的潜在自我。

To start this process, take few deep breaths then ask, “Heart, what decision should I make here? What action feels the most right?”

开始前先做几次深呼吸，问自己：“内心认为该做什么样的决定呢？觉得采取哪个方案最恰当？”

See what comes up, then engage and evaluate the outcome.

看看自己的内心反应如何，然后全力以赴、静待结果吧。

美文赏析:生活中你错过了什么？

In this life, what did you miss?

在生活中，你错过了什么？

The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Despondently, the husband replied: I missed a new job opportunity.

妻子25岁的时候这样问丈夫。丈夫沮丧地回答：“我错过了一个新的工作机会。”

When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus.

35岁时，丈夫生气地说他错过了公交车。

At 45, the husband sadly said: I missed the oppotunity seeing my closed relative before his last breath.

45岁时，丈夫悲伤地说：“我错过了见至亲最后一面的机会。”

At 55, the husband said disappointingly: I missed a good chance to retire.

55岁时，丈夫失望地说：“我错过了一个退休的好机会。”

At 65, the husband hurriedly replied: I missed a dental appointment.

65岁时，丈夫匆匆地回答：“我错过了和牙医的预约。”

At 75, the wife did not ask the husband anymore, the husband was kneeling in front of the very sick wife. Remembering the question the wife used to ask him, this time he asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied: In this life, I did not miss having you!

75岁，妻子不再问丈夫同样的问题，丈夫跪在病重的妻子面前，想起以前妻子常常问起的那个问题，这次他也问了妻子同样的问题，妻子笑了笑，一脸平静地说：“我这一生，没有错过你！”

The husband was full of tears. He always thought that they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and trifles. So much so he had never been thoughtful to his wife. The husband hugged the wife tightly and said: Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for me.

丈夫满眼泪水，他总是认为可以和妻子白头到老，于是总是忙于工作和琐事，从没在意过妻子。他紧紧地抱住妻子说：“这50多年来，我怎么能允许自己错过了你对我的爱呢。”

In the busy city life, there are many people who are always busy with work. These people revolve their lives around their jobs, these people sacrifice all their times and health to meet the social expectations. They are unwilling to spend times on health care. They miss the opportunity to be with their children in their growing up. They neglect the loved ones who care for them, and also their health.

在繁忙的城市生活中，有人总是忙于工作。他们整天围着工作转，甚至为了达到社会的标准，牺牲了自己的健康。他们不愿花时间来关注自己的健康，在孩子成长的过程中错失了与之共享天伦之乐的机会。他们忽视了那些关心他们的人，以及他们的健康。

Nobody knows what is going to happen one year from now.

没有人知道一年后会发生什么事情。

Life is not permanent, so always live in the now. Express your gratitude to your loved ones in words. Show your care with actions. Treat everyday as the last episode of life. In this way, when you are gone, you loved ones would have nothing to feel sorry about.

生命不是永恒的，所以活在当下吧。把你对爱人的感谢说出来，用行动证明你关心他们。把每一天当作人生的最后一个篇章，只有这样，当你离开时，你爱的人们才会没有遗憾。

美文赏析:去经历去体验 做最好最真实的自己

Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best, most genuine version of themselves they can be. Not on the outside--on the inside. Its not about a brand, a reputation, a persona. Its about reality. Who you really are.

真正快乐成功的人会长成最好最真实的自己——从内心而非外表上。重要的不是品牌、名誉或者外表形象，而是真实的自我。

Sounds simple, I know. It is a simple concept. The problem is, its very hard to do, it takes a lot of work, and it can take a lifetime to figure it out.

道理很简单，讲出来也很容易。但问题是，做起来就不简单了：这需要付诸很多努力，甚或一辈子才能实现。

Nothing worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work, its going to take a lot of hard work to do it. And youre going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some chances that will scare the crap out of you.

需要穷尽毕生精力的事情必定不容易。成大事者必先苦其心志。因此，你必须走出舒适区，去经历、去体验那些会让你害怕的机会。

But you know, I cant think of a better way to spend your life. I mean, whats life for if not finding yourself and trying to become the best, most genuine version of you that you can be?

况且，人这一辈子，若到头来都认不清自己、未能长成最好最真实的自己，还有什么意义呢？

Thats what Steve Jobs meant when he said this at a Stanford University commencement speech:

正如史蒂夫-乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业典礼上所言：

Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life. Dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice.

时间宝贵，不要虚掷光阴过着他人的生活。不要让周遭的聒噪言论蒙蔽你内心的声音。

You have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

你要相信，生活中的偶然冥冥中也能指引未来。你要心怀信念——相信你的直觉、命运、生活抑或因缘。这个方法一直给我力量，促使我过得卓然不同。

The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you havent found it yet, keep looking. Dont settle.

成大事的唯一途径就是做自己喜欢的事情。若你还没找到，那就继续追寻吧，不要停下来。

Now, lets for a moment be realistic about this. Insightful as that advice may be, it sounds a little too amorphous and challenging to resonate with todays quick-fix culture. These days, if you cant tell people exactly what to do and how to do it, it falls on deaf ears.

现在我们来实际一点：建议或许很深刻，但听完却让人无从着手，难以运用到当今的快节奏文化中。现如今，如果一个建议讲不清具体做什么、该怎么做的话，那么说了也等于白说。

Not only that, but what Jobs was talking about, what Im talking about, requires focus and discipline, two things that are very hard to come by these days. Why? Because, focus and discipline are hard. Its so much easier to give in to distraction and instant gratification. Easy and addictive.

不仅如此，乔布斯的讲话和我要说的话都需要集中和自制——这两个品质在当今社会非常难能可贵。何以见得？因为集中和自制都不容易做到。人们很容易分散注意力、寻求即时快 感——舒服且容易上瘾。

To give you a little incentive to take on the challenge, to embark on the road to self-discovery, here are three huge benefits from working to become the best, most genuine version of yourself.

为激励你迎接挑战、踏上寻求自我的旅途，我列出了成为最好最真实自己后的三大益处：

It will make you happy. Getting to know yourself will make you feel more comfortable in your own skin. It will reduce your stress and anxiety. It will make you a better spouse, a better parent, a better friend. It will make you a better person. Those are all pretty good reasons, if you ask me.

你会感到快乐。了解自己后会让你更愉悦地接受自己，减轻你的压力和焦虑，使你成为更好的伴侣、父母、朋友，让你成为一个更美好的人。这些益处难道不够说服你为之努力吗？

Besides, you really wont achieve anything significant in life until you know the real you. Not your brand, your LinkedIn profile, how you come across, or what anyone thinks of you. The genuine you. Theres one simple reason why you shouldnt try to be something youre not, and its that you cant. The real you will come out anyway. So forget your personal brand and start spending time on figuring out who you really are and trying to become the best version of that you can be.

而且，只有了解真实的自己方能成就大事。你需要了解那个真实的你，而不是你的品牌、名誉、LinkedlIn资料、你的过去抑或他人对你的看法。为什么你不应该过他人的生活？很简单，因为首先你不是“其他人”，你的本性总有一天会现形。所以，请放开你的品牌形象，努力发掘真实自我、努力把自己经营成最好的自己吧。

美文赏析:爱情不是商品

Love Is Not Like Merchandise

爱情不是商品

A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, "If I steal a nickels worth of merchandise, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of anothers wife, I am free."

佛罗里达州的一位读者显然是在个人经历上受过创伤, 他写信来抱怨道: “如果我偷走了五分钱的商品, 我就是个贼, 要受到惩罚, 但是如果我偷走了他人 妻子的爱情, 我没事儿。”

This is a prevalent misconception in many peoples minds---that love, like merchandise, can be "stolen". Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for "alienation of affections".

这是许多人心目中普遍存在的一种错误观念——爱情, 像商品一样, 可以 “偷走”。实际上，许多州都颁布法令，允许索取“情感转让”赔偿金。

But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.

但是爱情并不是商品；真情实意不可能买到，卖掉，交换，或者偷走。爱情是志愿的行动，是感情的转向，是个性发挥上的变化。

When a husband or wife is "stolen" by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The "love bandit" was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.

当丈夫或妻子被另一个人“偷走”时，那个丈夫或妻子就已经具备了被偷走的条件，事先已经准备接受新的伴侣了。这位“爱匪”不过是取走等人取走、盼人取走的东西。

We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of the children "belonging" to their parents. But nobody "belongs" to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right to remove them from their parents trusteeship.

我们往往待人如物。我们甚至说孩子“属于”父母。但是谁也不“属于”谁。人都属于自己和上帝。孩子是托付给父母的，如果父母不善待他们，州政府就有权取消父母对他们的托管身份。

Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder---but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that "caused" the break, but the lack of a real relationship.

我们多数人年轻时都有过恋人被某个更有诱惑力、更有吸引力的人夺去的经历。在当时，我们兴许怨恨这位不速之客---但是后来长大了，也就认识到了心上人本来就不属于我们。并不是不速之客“导致了”决裂，而是缺乏真实的关系。

On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a "third party". This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.

从表面上看，许多婚姻似乎是因为有了“第三者”才破裂的。然而这是一种心理上的幻觉。另外那个女人，或者另外那个男人，无非是作为借口，用来解除早就不是完好无损的婚姻罢了。

Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has "come between" oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captives or victims of others---they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.

因失恋而痛苦，因别人“插足”于自己与心上人之间而图报复，是最没有出息、最自作自受的乐。这种事总是歪曲了事实真相，因为谁都不是给别人当俘虏或牺牲品——人都是自由行事的，不论命运是好是坏，都由自己来作主。

But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him--- and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any "third party" has appeared on the scene.

但是，遭离弃的情人或配偶无法相信她的心上人是自由地背离他的——因而他归咎于插足者心术不正或迷人有招。他把他叫做催眠师、窃贼或破坏家庭的人。然而，从大多数事例看，一个家的破裂，是早在什么“第三者”出现之前就开始了的。

[《时间的价值是多少》优秀英语作文素材

导语：中国梦归根到底是人民的梦，必须紧紧依靠人民来实现，必须不断为人民造福。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

新华网北京3月17日电习近平主席说“我深知，担任国家主席这一崇高职务，使命光荣，责任重大。我将忠实履行宪法赋予的职责，忠于祖国，忠于人民，恪尽职守，夙夜在公，为民服务，为国尽力，自觉接受人民监督，决不辜负各位代表和全国各族人民的信任和重托。”

3月17日上午9时20分许，十二届全国人大一次会议闭幕会，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平向人大代表、向全国各族人民郑重宣示。

“实现全面建成小康社会、建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的奋斗目标，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福……”

人民大会堂见证，在繁星点点的穹顶下，在如潮涌动的掌声中，习近平坚定表示：

实现中国梦必须走中国道路。

实现中国梦必须弘扬中国精神。

实现中国梦必须凝聚中国力量。

这是共和国领导者对祖国、对人民的情怀和担当：我们不能有丝毫自满，不能有丝毫懈怠，必须再接再厉、一往无前，继续把中国特色社会主义事业推向前进，继续为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗。

这是对民族的承诺：“中国梦归根到底是人民的梦，必须紧紧依靠人民来实现，必须不断为人民造福。”

2012年11月15日，党的十八届一中全会结束后，也是在人民大会堂，新当选中共中央总书记的习近平首次与中外记者见面时曾这样描述他所理解的“责任”：“人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标”。

今天，凝望主席台，全国人大代表、甘肃临夏州委书记周强对今年2月习近平的甘肃之行记忆犹新：“我们必须牢记使命，心往一处想，劲往一处使，扑下身子、苦干实干，带领广大群众尽快脱贫致富奔小康，实现过上好日子的中国梦。”

这是对人民的承诺：“有梦想，有机会，有奋斗，一切美好的东西都能够创造出来。”

过去100多天，从深圳特区到北京社区，从河北乡村到甘肃山区，习近平的双手一次次紧紧握住普通百姓的手，和各族群众共同描绘“上学梦”“就业梦”“安居梦”“致富梦”，一再强调“实干兴邦”。

“习近平总书记去年12月特意到河北阜平看望慰问困难群众，不仅看真问题、真看问题，更想方设法为群众解决问题。今天，我又一次从他的讲话中‘读’出坦率和真诚。”全国人大代表、河北省保定市副市长闫立英对记者说。

这是对历史的承诺：“实现中国梦，创造全体人民更加美好的生活，任重而道远，需要我们每一个人继续付出辛勤劳动和艰苦努力。”

面对未来10年，一个个挑战也考验着新一届中共中央领导集体：中国如何摆脱“中等收入陷阱”?能否成功遏制腐败?怎样应对环境危机?……

习近平以坦诚的态度、自信的话语表明：“我们要坚持发展是硬道理的战略思想”“使发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民”“坚决同一切消极腐败现象作斗争”“高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜”……

他更号召全体人民：只要我们紧密团结，万众一心，为实现共同梦想而奋斗，实现梦想的力量就无比强大，我们每个人为实现自己梦想的努力就拥有广阔的空间。

“对于个人而言，只要努力上进，就能实现梦想。”来自广东的农民工代表易凤娇对记者说：“对于我们国家而言，在公共服务保障、医疗教育等方面还要改革，相信改革可以给我们带来更好的小康生活。”

3000多字的讲话，有希冀，有期许，有承诺，有担当，人民大会堂内13次回响起雷鸣般的掌声。习近平为实现中国梦所发出的号召，激起人们无尽的憧憬与向往。

此时此刻，向着民族复兴的中国梦，中国又站在新的历史起点。

100多天前，习近平这样表达过他心中蕴藏的信念：“实现中华民族伟大复兴，就是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。”今天，他再次以坚定的话语向世人宣示：继续为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗。

if a man deceives me once, shame on him, if he deceives me twice, shame on me.

上当一回头，再多就可耻。

if you make yourself an ass, don‘t complain if people ride you.

人善被人欺，马善被人骑。

if your ears glow, someone is talking of you.

耳朵发烧，有人念叨。

if you run after two hares, you will catch neither.

脚踏两条船，必定落空。

if you sell the cow, you sell her milk too.

杀鸡取卵。

if you venture nothing, you will have nothing.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

a cat may look at a king.

人人平等。

adversity makes a man wise, not rich.

逆境出人才。

a fair death honors the whole life.

死得其所，流芳百世。

a faithful friend is hard to find.

知音难觅。

a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

a fox may grow gray, but never good.

江山易改，本性难移。

a friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难见真情。

a friend is easier lost than found.

得朋友难，失朋友易。

一. 肯定不如否定好

修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。

例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。

“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not been affected by the earthquake.

应用类似的修辞会在中为同学们加分。

二. 陈述不如倒装妙

在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。

倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，就足以应对书面表达。

一、纵观近年各地中考英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

1、以图表提供情景的作文要以“读”为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码、序号以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括、去粗取精；在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性，尤其是图表中的数据、时间等不得有误。

2、以图画提供情景的作文应以“看”为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、环境、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章，但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的浅表，而要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵。

3、以提纲提供情景的作文。这种形式本身的要点已经很明确，重点也很突出，只要把各个提纲加以发挥，注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。

4、以书信格式提供情景的作文。首先要了解书信的格式，英文书信格式与中文有所不同，(1)、一般在信纸的右上角写上写信人的地址和日期，地址应按从小到大的顺序排列；(2)、左边顶格写上收信人的姓名；(3)、正文部分；(4)、祝愿的话；(5)、写信人签名。信的内容一定要按所给的要求写，不要漏写。

二、各地的评分标准略有差异，但是都包括以下几个方面：整体印象、语言表达、词数规定等几方面内容。我们在写作中要尽量避免扣分，争取有加分点。当然用英文写作不同于用母语那样得心应手，常常会受到生词、语法、惯用法的限制，只要同学们平时注意两种语言的异同性，抓住写作要点，也可妙笔生花。

1、为了保证文章层次分明、条理清楚，要把时间固定下来，如：记叙一件事要用过去时；写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现在时。整个文章中的人称要一致，首尾呼应，不要随意改动，以免造成误解。

2、不要为了追求“一鸣惊人”而去找一些生冷的词汇，对这些一知半解的词你不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果可能适得其反，使文章显的生硬、不协调，甚至错误百出，所以要使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。比如说发生了一起意外事件，我们通常用“have an accident”来表示，不要错误的使用“have an incident”。

3、注意不同语言的表达习惯，也是写好英语作文的重要环节，如“我的理想是做一名歌手”，很多同学写成“My ambition is to do/make a singer，”“to do”表示“做”或者“干”，“to make”表示“制作”，而“做一名歌手”则表示“成为一名歌手”应该用“be/become a singer”；又如“看书、看报”应用“read a book/newspaper”，而不是“see a book/newspaper”。因此，平时应该注意不同语言的表达习惯，切忌望文生义或一味生搬硬套。

4、有些同学因怕出错而只写短句或简单句，写出的文章过于幼稚、空洞乏味。要使文章有血有肉就要把平时学的知识用进去，如：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词和比较等句型，关键时用上一、二个，就能使文章不同凡响，更有文采，特别是对关联词的使用，如“so that”、“not…but”“not only。。。but also”等，会使你的文章逻辑结构紧密、层次鲜明、条理清楚，更能显示出你的英文功底，但要做到这些并非一日之功，要靠平时的不断训练和积累。

5、最简单的增分点就是认真的书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”，而且很多地区都在写作上有1分的书写分。只要平时多下点功夫，得到这一分并不难。

三、最后将中考写作的基本步骤和技巧归纳为以下几个环节：

1、细心审题细读题目中每一项提示或观察所给的每一幅画，明确文章的中心思想，弄清题意，确定写作体裁，掌握所要表达的要点做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。

2、理顺要点在所给提示或图上标出要点，然后按事件先后的顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图作文，则要按图构思，这样做既可避免要点遗漏，又可使表达内容条理清楚。

3、构成框架将理顺的要点或每幅图画的含义加以连贯，构成写作的整体框架，进一步定人称、定时态语态、定顺序、定段落、定开头结尾。基本框架构成后，写作就有了把握。4、组织句子用自己最熟悉的短语或句型将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，多用简单句，用有把握的复合句。要扬长避短，避难就易。若遇到表达障碍，可换一种说法，将一句变成两、三句，只求达意。

5、串句成篇将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，注意上下句的逻辑关系，适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语，使短文浑然一体，层次分明，过渡自然。6、检查修改文章草成后，默读1～2遍，检查修改，尤其要注意人称、大小写、拼写、习惯用语、格式有无错误，要点有无遗漏，文句有无语病，词数是否恰当，行文是否连贯。

写作是考研英语的第二大重头戏，仅次于阅读。但是这部分又经常被考生忽略，考前不动手，依赖临考模板，很难写出高分作文。那么，如何准备2018考研英语写作呢?一起来看下。

对于考研英语写作，最基本的要求是考前必须动笔写出35篇文章，其中十篇应用文，二十五篇图画作文。注意：动笔写的文章最好是有范文的题目。写作应分为五步：

NO.1 写作

写作写作，第一步首先是写!一定要动手写，你看多少，背多少，都没有动手写来得实在，建议同学们拿考题多加练习。

NO.2 仔细对比

第二个就是仔细对比，写完后对照范文从三个方面去研究：第一个是内容，也就是构思和原文有何区别;第二个是语言，也就是用词、用句和原文有何区别?第三个是结构，就是你的行文思路和原文有什么区别?这是第二个步骤，写作的区别其实就是写作的弱点。

NO.3 背诵

第三步骤就是背诵：也就是可以去背诵一些范文。有的同学说了，范文我背过了，但是写作的时候还是不会写。有两个原因，第一个原因是你背得不熟，背得结结巴巴，还不如不背;第二个原因是没有练过，只是死记硬背。

所以为什么背了还不会用，有两个原因，第一背不熟，第二没有练过。背到什么程度，有12个字“滚瓜烂熟、脱口而出、多多益善。”要背到不需要去想，不需要去动脑子!如果背一篇文章还需要去想，那就证明还背得不熟。大家上考场，如果能想起平时的70%，那已经是相当不错了。所以一定要背熟，这就是第三个步骤。

NO.4 默写

第四个步骤就是默写：背熟后把书合上，把这篇文章默写下来。默写后，做一个工作：仔细对比原文发现写作弱点，你会发现你默写的文章和原文会有一些出入，包括拼写、语法、标点等，这种错误就是你写作的弱点，最好能够把这些错误用红笔标出来。大家为什么写作拿不到高分，根源只有一个——错误太多。很多错误自己都不知道。

NO.5 仿写

第五个步骤就是仿写：什么叫仿写?就是模仿你背过的文章再写出一篇新文章。在背完一篇文章后，要想想这篇文章有什么精彩的词组、词汇和句型可以使用。然后换一个话题，把这篇作文用一下，用里面词汇、词组和句型去构思另一篇文章。

写作的注意点和技巧：写作首要的是，一、不跑题;二、字数达到要求;三、字迹整洁工整;四、少有语病。

这些是很基本的要求，考试的时候就要好好落实。比如，拿到作文题目后要审题。在写的过程中注意字数的限制，不要写太多，会扣分的，字数不够也会扣分。所以实在不行就写完一段话，停下来数一数字数。字迹工整可能短期内提高不了。只要你比平时稍慢一点写字母，就会写得比较整洁。要知道老师的印象分是很重要的。病句的避免技巧就是，凡是你想的过程中感觉别扭的句子，多半就是病句。干脆不要写出来，换一种形式去表达。不要追求好词，要追求准确性。

在考前，小作文的提高是非常快的。方法就是分析小作文的类型。应用文写作部分(小作文)考查内容包括投诉信、咨询信、道歉信、求职信等信函类应用文，而且涵盖报告、通知、海报等告示类应用文。不同类型的作文，要自己总结模版。小作文是完全可以准备模版的，其作用也是常明显。一定要注意：总结出自己的模板。

导语：诚然，制度和监督是外力的遏制，作为具有五千年文明史的中华民族，勤俭节约的优良传统是不能丢的，“成由勤俭破由奢”的历史戒律更要时时谨记，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

据媒体报道，中国人在餐桌上浪费的粮食一年高达2000亿元，被倒掉的食物相当于2亿多人一年的口粮。与此形成鲜明对照的是，我国还有一亿多农村扶贫对象、几千万城市贫困人口以及其他为数众多的困难群众。

数十年的经济快速发展，让我们离饥馑年代越来越远，现在的生产力和生产关系基本解决了吃饱问题，而开始着眼于吃得健康与否的问题。但是，粮食安全从来就是一个主权国家的头等大事，粮食的特殊性和相对稀缺性，决定了粮食也是与全社会成员利益息息相关的公共资源。一个人可以通过市场交易占有和享有粮食，但没有权利浪费粮食。不仅没有权利浪费，如果浪费还应面临制度措施的惩罚。

作为一个有着悠久农耕文明的国家，作为一个自诩勤劳节俭的民族，我们的传统，我们的历史，我们身体血液里流淌的文化因子，都让我们本能排斥铺张浪费。三百多年前的《朱子家训》对此有着点睛之笔：一粥一饭，当思来之不易;半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。

要想刹住“舌尖浪费”之风，必须要有全社会的正能量。首先要有敬畏劳动者之心，敬畏劳动者就是珍惜粮食，若连粮食都不能珍惜的官员，谈何以民为本?若连粮食都不能珍惜的人，谈何国富民强?勤俭节约是中华民族的优良传统，也是中华民族伟大复兴的根本。一切发展都是建立在充裕的粮仓之上，没有盈实的仓廪，何以保障中国梦的实现?

诚然，制度和监督是外力的遏制，作为具有五千年文明史的中华民族，勤俭节约的优良传统是不能丢的，“成由勤俭破由奢”的历史戒律更要时时谨记，所以，只有社会传递“勤俭节约“的正能量，发扬共产党艰苦朴素的工作作风和中华民族勤俭节约的优良传统，让每个人在内心拥有“浪费可耻，节约光荣”的荣辱观，才能在内外结合下刹住“舌尖上的浪费”这股不正之风。

导语：岁月是一场有去无回的旅行，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

能够握紧的就别放了，能够拥抱的就别拉扯，时间着急的冲刷着，剩下了什么，时间是一种令人措不及防的东西，原谅走过的那些曲折，留下的都是真的。光阴似箭，日月如梭，时光荏苒，白驹过隙，我们有不计其数的优雅词汇来诉说时光的流逝，但却没有一种方法让时间静止。

仍记得，在一个停电的夜晚，刚刚学会走路的我，因为口渴便悄悄的在没有得到你的允许的情况下，喝了放在桌子上的保温杯里的水，结果因为水温过高，导致小小的我的一定程度的烧伤，在当时12月份下着大雪的夜晚，驱车向最好的医院赶去，而我好像明白了发生的事情，尽管医生在治疗时很疼，哪怕是成人都忍不了的治疗过程，小小的我仍没有流下一滴眼泪，在你和她没日没夜的细心照料下，新生的皮肤竟然和原来的皮肤没有什么区别，这样的结果似乎是对你们几乎半年们有睡过一个好觉的最好的回报。

仍记得，我第一次在电视上看到你的身影，当时还小，还不懂这是一件十分值得骄傲的事情，小小的心中害怕的以为你被关在了那个黑黑的小盒子里，在妈妈的怀中挣扎着想要去救你，直到看到你出现在我的面前，激动的跑过去，只是为了确定你还在我身边。

仍记得，你第一次送我上学的经历，看着我哭红的眼睛，你笑着对我诉说着学校的美好，但只有你自己知道你心里是多么的不舍，你笑着对我说等到我放学之后你一定会在诺大的人群中等我，我安心的朝着陌生的校园走去，看着我渐渐远去的小小的背影似乎又有一种莫名的欣慰与满足。

仍记得，我当时对上学有一种说不出的反感，我使出浑身解数就是不上学，走到门口时，死死地抓住桌腿就是不放手，在我妈异样的眼神之下，你带着我去公园疯了整整一个上午。这样做的结果就是，我一不上学，就想去公园玩，这个坏毛病，虽然让你头疼，但是仍不后悔当时的决定。

仍记得，当时正在陪我在幼儿园参加电子琴比赛的你，突然接到的那一个你一生都不会忘里的一个电话，脸色的突变以及声音的急促，我尽管年龄小，但却也预测到不是什么好的事情，直到我们到了医院，看到了那个我们都十分敬爱的人儿的离去，看到你那伤心的模样，虽然仍然没有太搞清楚状况的我也明白此时，默默的陪伴才是对你最好的慰藉。

仍记得，小时候，你在我心中简直就是个神人，语、数、英、政、史、地简直是样样精通，老师总是给我们留下了一堆不能用x来解的应用题，让我们来共同解答，或许说是你一个人在战斗，然后再顺便替我写好过程，等着给我仔细解释，直到我彻底明白，尽管我有时我为了尽快和小伙伴玩耍，只是应付的听听。

仍记得，我们总有一些不能让妈妈知道的秘密，例如培训班没上，小提琴没练等等，你回来之后发现我没去上课后，在我的软磨硬泡之下，终于答应不告诉她，我激动的跑到门口小卖店给我们一人买了一根一块的老冰棒，这就就是我们达成协议的见证，虽然用的是你口袋里的零钱，但你每次都帮我保守着这些老妈“不该知道的秘密”。

仍记得，每次和nn发生矛盾，哪怕不是我的错，你都会责备我，我知道在这种情况下，你的处境真的很为难，但青春期的我似乎不怎么理解，依然和你对着干，就是这样，从小到大都是在你的保护下不让我妈打我的你，踹了我一脚，委屈的眼泪止不住的流下来，但现在回想起来，真的是我的不对，真的想和你说一声对不起。

仍记得，已经很晚了，你非要去nn家，我和妈妈都说不用去，这么晚了，估计都已经睡了，别再去打扰她，但你却反问了了我一句“为什么你可以和你妈妈在一起?”这是我才知道，虽然在我面前你是一个超人一样的角色，但实际上你仍是个需要时不时和妈妈在一起的孩子，至此之后，无论多晚，我会陪着你一起去看nn。

仍记得，每天在回家的时候，电视机总是固定不变的是法制栏目，其实心里有小小的反感，但只能默默的陪你看，每每问起你为何要看此类的节目时，你总是默默不语。除此之外，十多年的职业生涯，似乎使你得了职业病，总是持续关注着最新的法制信息，还时不时的给我普及，尽管我有时是真的不感兴趣，但我任然坚持听，因为这是你喜欢的，就像小时候你不厌其烦听我讲了一遍又一遍的《哪吒传奇》。

仍记得，在高考的前几天，家里的氛围似乎有那么点紧张，但你和妈妈装的一种不太像的云淡风轻的模样把所有的好吃的全部堆在餐桌上，直到我吃不下，但我知道你比我还要紧张，生怕任何突发情况，导致我发挥失误，考不上一个理想的大学，而没心没肺的我，仍然是吃嘛嘛嘛香，睡眠质量超好的度过了人生中第一个最重要的转折，而你和妈妈却担心的晚晚都睡不好觉。

仍记得，当接收到大学录取通知书的瞬间，你开心的模样，小心的打开，仔细的取出里面的录取通知书，一遍又一遍的看着，仿佛是你自己的似的，当我们坐着飞机来到了这个陌生的城市，向来心大的我，似乎渐渐体味到分离的伤感，当你们帮我打理好宿舍里的一切，军训的集合没有让我能和你们好好地道个别，回来是你们已经离去，但我的脑海里满满的都是你们。当第二天，你们为了给我送些吃的再次出现在我的面前，明明是一件很开心的事眼泪却止不住的掉了下来，倔强的为了不让你们担心，悄悄的跑到楼道里把眼泪擦干，微笑着进来。舍不得你们每天早上叫我起床，舍不得你们每天早上给我做早餐，舍不得你们每天晚上无论自习到多晚总会给我留灯，舍不得你们给我的一切……

仍记得，刚刚进入大学有种种的不适应，从来没有住过校的我要五个来自不同地区的性格迥异的姑娘相处，面对全新的教学模式，面对全新的班级人群，面对全新的一切，慢热的我似乎一下子适应不了者如此多的变化，每天都过得不太开心，每天最大的乐趣就是和你视频通话，虽然每天都是几乎一样的问题，但我能感觉到你就在我身边。

时间一种让人猝不及防的东西，晴时有风阴时有雨，争不过朝夕，又念往昔，偷走了青丝却留不住你。渐渐地，我长大了，尽管我从未做过任何让你骄傲的事，你却始终视我如宝，你没有很多钱，也不是大领导，但你却护着我，宠着我，给了我最好的一切，有一天仔细的观察你，原来你一种肉眼看不到的速度慢慢的变成了一个老男人，突然好想抱抱你。也许含蓄是咱们家的传统，但我仍欠你一句：爸爸，我爱你!

岁月是一场有去无回的旅行，好的坏的都是风景，别怪我贪心只是不愿醒，纵然似梦半醒着，哭着笑着都快活，因为你只为你，我们在一起，看云淡风轻……

导语：那些流芳百世、闻名世界的成功者，都是以自己的信用赢得了尊重的人。因为，信用是高尚品格的象征。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关高考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

年轻、财富、学识、友谊，毫无疑问都是人生的资本，但这些都不是人生最重要的。人生最重要的资本，是信用。信用是一种彼此的约定，是一种具有约束力的心灵契约。尽管它无体无形，但却比任何法律条文更具震撼力和约束力。一个没有信用的人，要想跻身成功者的行列，可以肯定是不可能的。

那些流芳百世、闻名世界的成功者，都是以自己的信用赢得了尊重的人。因为，信用是高尚品格的象征。

公元前4世纪的意大利，有一个名叫皮斯阿司的年轻人触犯了国王，被判绞刑，几天后在特定的日子中将被处死。皮斯阿司是个孝子，在临死之前，他希望能与远在百里之外的母亲见最后一面，以表达他对母亲的歉意，因为他不能为母亲养老送终了。他的这一要求被告知了国王。国王被他的孝心所感动，允许他回家，但是他必须为自己找个替身，暂时替他坐牢。这是一个看似简单其实近乎不可能实现的条件。有谁肯冒着被杀头的危险替别人坐牢，这岂不是自寻死路。但，茫茫人海，就有人不怕死，而且真的愿意替别人坐牢，他就是皮斯阿司的朋友达蒙。

达蒙住进牢房以后，皮斯阿司回家与母亲诀别。人们都静静地看着事态的发展。日子一天天地过去了，皮斯阿司还没有回来，眼看刑期就快到了。人们一时间议论纷纷，都说达蒙上了皮斯阿司的当。行刑日是个雨天，当达蒙被押赴刑场之时，围观的人都在笑他的愚蠢，幸灾乐祸的也大有人在。刑车上的达蒙面无惧色，慷慨赴死。

追魂炮被点燃了，绞索也已经挂在达蒙的脖子上。胆小的人都吓得紧闭了双眼，他们在内心深处为达蒙深深地惋惜，并痛恨那个出卖朋友的小人皮斯阿司。但就在这千钧一发之际，在淋漓的风雨中，皮斯阿司飞奔而来，他高喊着：我回来了!我回来了!

这一幕太感人了，许多人都还以为自己是在梦中。这个消息宛如长了翅膀，很快便传到了国王的耳中。国王闻听此言，也以为这是谎言。他亲自赶到刑场，要亲眼看一看自己优秀的子民。最终，国王万分喜悦地为皮斯阿司松了绑，并亲口赦免了他的刑罚。

在赦免的现场，国王当众宣布了自己要以信用立国，以信用治天下的政令。并宣布任命皮斯阿司为司法大臣，任命达蒙为礼仪大臣，协助国王治理国家。国王说，他为自己的国家有这样的子民感到高兴，为自己的国家有这样信用和义气的子民感到自豪。他相信，他们两个人一定会辅助他把国家治理成信用礼仪之邦。

事实上，正是这两个人在担任了大臣以后，以诚信治天下，使意大利走向了历史最辉煌的全盛时代。

这就是信用的力量。无论一个人，还是一个组织，一个国家，当信用成为安身立命的尺度之后，就可以改变成败，就可以创造历史了。

导语：个人修养就是个人认识、情感、意志、信念、言行和习惯的修炼和涵养。一个人只有通过自觉地遵循社会道德体系的要求，更好地履行个人的社会义务，以下是小编为大家精心整理的关于修养的作文素材，欢迎大家阅读参考!

1.如果一切皆善，就一切皆美。--《托尔斯泰作品研究》

2.生活中的善越多，生活本身的情趣也越多。二者水乳交融，相辅相成。--托尔斯泰《伊凡·伊利奇之死》

3.功利是一部机器的目的和检验机器价值的根据，而善良只是人的目的和意愿。--泰戈尔《民族主义》

4.善良的、忠心的、心里充满着爱的人儿不断地给人间带来幸福。--马克·吐温《镀金时代》

5.良心这玩意儿，它谴责起人来，是够叫我害怕的，对大人是这样，对小孩也是这样。--狄更斯《远大前程》

6.人心是广漠寥廓的天地，人在面对良心、省察胸中抱负和日常行动的时候，往往黯然神伤!--雨果《悲惨世界》

7.虔诚的开端，带来美好的结束。--雨果《吕意·布拉斯》

8.爱你自己要爱在最后，珍爱那些恨你的人，诚实比起腐败会给你赢得更多的好处。--莎士比亚《亨利八世》

9.你必须对你自己忠实;正像有了白昼才有黑夜一样，对自己忠实，才不会对别人欺诈。--莎士比亚《哈姆莱特》

10.如果你想要过的快活，想要祷告上帝，做一个诚实的人，那你就得遵守诺言。--狄更斯《荒凉山庄》

11.如果你做事缺乏诚意，或者迟迟不愿动手，那你即使有天大本事，也不会有什么成就。--狄更斯《荒凉山庄》

12.一个诚实的人绝不会白用人家的东西，也决不会白拿人家的东西……--高尔基《崔可夫一家》

13.有些人相信诚实总是上策。其实这是迷信;有时候假装诚实要比真正的诚实强好几倍。--马克·吐温《赤道环游记》

14.你们以诚实获得了悠久和崇高的声誉，当然你们是以此自豪的--那是你们的宝中之宝，简直是你们的心肝宝贝。--马克?吐温《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》

15.善良的心就是太阳。--雨果《笑面人》

16.一只小小的蜡烛，它的光照耀得多么远!一件善事也正像这支蜡烛一样，在这罪恶的世界上发出广大的光辉。--莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》

17.爱与善是幸福，亦是真理，世界上唯一可能的幸福与真理。--罗曼·罗兰《托尔斯泰传》

18.最光明的天使也许会堕落，可是天使总是光明的;虽然小人全都貌似忠良，可是忠良得一定仍然不失他的本色。--莎士比亚《麦克白》

19.纯朴的忠诚所呈献的礼物，总是可取的。我们不必较量那可怜的忠诚所不能达到的成就，而应该重视他们的辛勤。--莎士比亚《仲夏夜之梦》

20.人们倾诉衷肠的声音更温柔，更真实，可以绝对信赖，并且可以十分肯定它除了给人以最亲切的劝告之外，再无别的。--狄更斯《圣诞故事集》

21.诚实，像我们所有的情操一样，应当分成消极的与积极的两类。消极的诚实没有发财的机会时，是诚实的。积极的诚实是每天受着诱惑而毫不动心的。--巴尔扎克《邦斯舅舅》

22.当一个人是一个真正的人的时候，他就应当在大言不惭和矫揉造作之间保持等距离。既不夸夸其谈，也不扭捏取宠。--雨果《悲惨世界》

23.文明是善，野蛮是恶;自由是善，束缚是恶。但正是这种臆想的知识把人类天性中的那种本能的、最幸福的、原始的对于善的需要给消灭了。--托尔斯泰《卢赛恩》

24.不要相信良心的责备，它会带你走得很远。不合理的忠贞像地下屋的楼梯一样落下去。走下一级，两级，再到目前为走一级，就走进黑暗中。聪明人就回头走上去，天真的人留在那里。--雨果《笑面人》

25.每个人的良心上都有污点，但多数人对自己心灵上的这种点缀却满不在乎，就像穿着一种浆得笔挺的衬衣一样轻松。--高尔基《水及其在自然界与人类生活中的意义》

26.人如果没有良心，哪怕有天大的聪明也活不下去!--高尔基《我的大学》

27.良心的法则常常与经典上的法则不同。--泰戈尔《牺牲》

28.你就这问题作解释的时候，千万不能够歪曲、穿凿，或牵强附会;更不能仗着自个儿精明，就明知故犯，叫自己的灵魂负上罪名。--莎士比亚《亨利五世》

29.酒是一种无色的液体火焰，它迅速、准确地把人的心灵中一切人性的东西统统烧尽。--高尔基《扫烟囱的人》

30.遭到了诽谤，还大事张扬，那是不聪明的，除非张扬起来能得到什么很大的好处，诽谤很少能经得住沉默的磨损的。--《马克·吐温自传》

在语文教学中，对教师而言，最难教的是作文；对学生来讲，最难写的也是作文。因此，如何激发学生的写作兴趣，提高学生的写作水平，成为作文教学的根本任务。

一、留心生活，学会观察

所谓观察，就是用眼睛去看。要远“观”近“察”，事事留心，时时注意，并养成一种习惯。被誉为世界短篇小说之王的法国作家莫泊桑曾拜当时著名作家福楼拜为师。一天，他把自己坐在屋里编的准备写成小说的故事讲给福楼拜听。福楼拜听后，说：“我劝你不要忙于写这些虚拟的东西，你每天骑马到外面转一圈，把路上看到的一切准确地、细致地记录下来。”于是莫泊桑意识到福楼拜是教他首先学会用眼睛去观察生活，认识生活，练好观察这一基本功。从此他花了一年左右的时间，每天外出观察，终于写成了小说《点心》，并成为世界著名的小说家。后来莫泊桑在总结自己的创作经验时，说：“对你所要表现的东西，要长时间很注意地观察它，以便发现别人没有发现过和没有写过的特点。任何事物里，都有未被发现的东西……”鲁迅也曾说过：“留心各样的事情，多看看，不看到一点就写。”这是鲁迅长期创作的经验总结。由此可见，要想写好文章必须重视观察事物，提高观察能力。

不少学生作文脱离实际，生编硬套，字词不够废话凑，像挤牙膏似的想一句写一句。如何改变这种现象呢？我们先来看峻青的《海滨仲夏夜》一段中的描写：“夕阳落山不久，西方的天空，还燃烧着一片橘红色的晚霞。大海也被这霞光染成了红色……”这段文字确确实实是描写海上的晚霞，绝非别处，只有在海上。

作者抓住了海滨夏夜的特色，用“橘红色”来形容晚霞，用“染成了红色”写海水的色彩，用“燃烧”一词生动地描绘了晚霞的情态。为什么峻青能把海滨夏夜的景写得如此逼真形象呢？是因为作者以生活为写作素材，通过细致入微的观察、感受和思考，才把这一景色写活了。所以，在作文教学中，我们应鼓励学生全景式的扫描生活，用自己的眼，以自己的心去理解、感受生活，挖掘生活中最熟悉的，最能打动心灵的宝藏，写真人真事，抒真情实感。“必须寻到源头，方有清甘的水喝。”这“源头”就是我们的五彩缤纷的生活，让生活成为学生自己真正的创作源泉吧。

二、练写随笔，积累素材

茅盾说：“应当时时刻刻身边有一支铅笔和一本草簿，把你所见所闻所为所感随时记下来……”。写随笔，就是给学生以充分的自由：选材自由，命题自由，文体自由，字数自由。只管写自己最熟悉、最感兴趣、印象最深的人或事。可议论，可抒情，可记叙、随心所欲。洋洋洒洒几千字，不嫌多；点点滴滴几十字，不嫌少：有话则长，无话可短，尽兴而写，随意而止。这样不自觉地培养了学生的观察事物的兴趣和能力。他们写的内容起初比较简单，渐渐地，观察视野不断扩大，就从身边的小事写开去，写社会、写人生。内容越来越丰富：班级的生活与风波，家庭的欢乐与忧愁，社会见闻等等，真是大到宇宙，小到自我，尽入笔底。有个学生对校园常作细致观察，从景到人，从人到事，连续写了校园生活之

三、课外阅读，学会迁移

现在有不少学生在“题海战术”中苦斗以提高分数，“重理轻文”的现象较为严重，以致于有些学生“两耳不闻窗外事，一心只读理科书”，平时很少课外阅读，缺乏写作材料，对作文望而生畏。要使学生作文有话可说，有物可写，必须注意积累写作材料，提倡多阅读文章。杜甫说：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”“破万卷”是说书读得要多，书读得多，知识才厚实，才能博古通今，写起文章来才能左右逢源，才“如有神”助。但仅仅靠多读是不够的，“唐宋八大家”之一的韩愈说：“学以为耕，文以为获。”这是说阅读是写作的先导，没有读的“耕耘”，就没有写的“收获”。因此强调学生对所读之书还要进行熟读精思，融会贯通，积累材料，让它成为自己写作的“源头活水”，学会迁移，并运用到作文中去。作文时，吾意所欲言，无不随意所欲，内容应笔而生，如泉之涌，滔滔不竭。

一个非常着名的公司要招聘一名业务经理，丰厚的薪水和各项福利待遇吸引了数百名求职者前来应聘。经过一番初试和复试，剩下了10名求职者。主考官对这10名求职者说：“你们回去好好准备一下，一个星期后，本公司的总裁将亲自对你们进行面试。”一个星期后，10名做了准备的求职者如约而至。结果，一个其貌不扬的求职者被留用下来，总裁问这名求职者：“知道你为什么会被留用吗?”这名求职者老实地回答：“不清楚。”总裁说：“其实，你不是这10名求职者中最优秀的。他们做了充分的准备，比如时髦的服装、娴熟的面试技巧，但都不像你所做的准备这样务实。你用了一种超常规的方式，对本公司产品的市场情况及别家公司同类产品的情况做了深入的调查与分析，并提交了一份市场调查报告。你没被本公司聘用之前就做了这么多工作，不用你又用谁呢?”

【温馨提示】从故事中可以发现，世上的事情有时就这么简单得让人难以置信：如果你墨守成规，等待你的只有失败;相反，如果你稍微动一下脑筋，对传统的思维方式进行一番创新，就可能获得成功。同学们可以从“充分的准备”、“超常规的方式”等角度思考作文的立意角度和材料选择，可谈“准备”、“创新”等对“生活”、“成功”的影响。

林则徐一生大起大落，曾多次受罚，甚至连降四级、五级，但无论怎样，他始终以人民利益作为自己一生的责任。且不说虎门销烟，单就充军发配新疆一例可见一斑。作为一个犯人，而且年老体弱，在充军途中，遇上了开封段黄河决堤，他义无反顾地冲上了前线，主持治水，并被特许迟缓发配一年之久。到达新疆后，他又带领当地百姓开垦农田，三年内开田竟达三千七百多公顷，并主持修建了一条长长的水渠，把天山上的雪水引下来灌溉土地，变荒地为良田，这渠一直沿用至今，已有一百六十多年的历史了。林则徐做这一切的时候，正是他在最不得志的时候，在最荒凉的地方，顶着最难理解的屈辱，干着最普通、最费力、最不容易露脸的事。但只要有利于人民、有利于国家、有利于后代，便在所不辞，管他是沉还是浮!像这样忠心耿耿为人民做事的人，人民怎能忘怀?

【温馨提示】运用这则材料时，我们不但要看到林则徐为人民所做的一系列好事，还要注意到那个时期是林则徐一生中最为艰难的时期。我们可以站在林则徐的立场上去细细揣摩他当时的心理活动过程;也可以再现当时情景，仔细描述他为民办实事的前后始末;还可以将其他人物的行为拿来对比，以突出林则徐为国为民的高尚情操。这则材料适用于“责任”、“奉献”、“考验”、“处世”、“美”、“风度”、“驾驭自己”等话题。

导语：我们大家都知道，每个公民都有维护好自己权益的义务，所以日常生活中发生一些小摩擦我们当然要理智的去处理，那么投诉信是不是一个很好的办法呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Dear_______,

I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.

The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).

I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).

Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

导语：在中国这方热土上，有无数仁人志士，为了民族的解放国家的独立和人民的幸福，抛头颅洒热血，谱写了一篇篇悲壮激越的历史篇章。以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的关于缅怀先烈的初中写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

2.“桃花红雨英雄血，碧海丹霞志士心。今日神州看奋起，陵园千古慰忠魂!”

3.每次望见五星红旗，就想到你们，各位先烈，是你们的献血染红了它!

4.走近革命义士留念碑，烙印着他们每一个人动摇的信奉!这时，我面前映现了黄继光的高大形象!

5.向革命先烈致敬!感谢先烈们用生命和鲜血换来我们今天的幸福生活!生的伟大，死的光荣!你们的精神永垂不朽!

6.我们手捧鲜花，泪雨洒在了鲜花，给鲜花洒上了一层悲痛。我们悄悄地瞻仰着，深切怀念革命好汉们。

7.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点，我也因此对他们产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

8.在中国这方热土上，有无数仁人志士，为了民族的解放国家的独立和人民的幸福，抛头颅洒热血，谱写了一篇篇悲壮激越的历史篇章。

9.缅怀革命先烈，黄继光董存瑞还有许多革命先烈，他们为了我们美好的生活，拼死拼活，我们要永远记住它们。没有他们就没有我们今天的美好幸福的生活。我们要好好学习，为国争光。

10.义勇军进行曲当着优美激昂的旋律在耳畔响起，你是否想过，今天我们的幸福生活是谁为我们开阔的，那就是我们革命先烈辛苦奋斗得来的，他们用了多少革命烈士的献血换来的幸福生活，换来我们祖国的繁荣富强。

11.我们怀着悲痛而沉重的心情来到南山寺烈士陵园，缅怀为了祖国的解放和人民的安宁而英勇牺牲的战士，瞻仰他们的丰功伟绩。烈士陵园是那么庄严肃穆，让人不由得肃然起敬。我们先排好了整齐的队伍，然后按要求站好队，认真地聆听主持人的致词。我抬头瞻仰墓碑，墓碑上写者：革命烈士永垂不朽!我想，如果世界上有永垂不朽，那么我相信那是一种精神不悔。我们的先烈们就有这样的不悔，不悔为革命的付出。所以，他们理应受到敬仰!

12.这一座座的墓碑，就代表着一份份的忠诚。他们拼命的战斗难道不是为了祖国的明天，祖国的未来吗?红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话--他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

13.我们的幸福生活是来之不易的，是靠先辈们的辛苦奋战才得来的，是经历许许多多场战争才换来我们美好的今天，才换来我们今天的幸福生活，先烈们的奉献是无私的，是伟大的，更是无可取代的。让我们从现在开始，把先烈的这种精神传扬下去。开创我们更美好的明天。

14.青山来自于土壤，大海来自于溪流，高楼来自于地基，生命来自于母亲。一切有因有果，而我们中国的现在来自于先烈。我心中有一份感激，我无法用语言来表达，但是用最朴实的语句来说：“谢谢!”

15.是他们的生命换来了中国繁荣的今天，是他们的鲜血染红了遍地的桃花。我们怎能忘记这一段段可歌可泣的悲壮史诗?我们怎能忘记那一张张曾经鲜活的面容?让我们静静的追思，深深地缅怀，把最深情的思念和最崇高的敬意，寄托在这鲜花中，让它陪伴在先烈的左右。

16.革命先烈们，你们为人民的利益而死，你们的死重于泰山，你们与青山同在，你们与大地永存。你们永远是我们心中的一块丰碑。

17.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点。

18.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!

19.无数的革命先烈抛头颅，撒热血，用鲜血和生命换来我们今天的幸福生活，我要好好学习，珍惜今天的幸福生活，把我们祖国建设的更加繁荣富强!

20.又是一年的清明节，我们在这里缅怀先烈。我们要争做文明学生，创建文明校园。在这些先辈面前，立下不悔誓言，请举起右手，让我们一起宣誓：热爱祖国追求真理，立志成为“有理想有道德有文化有纪律”的一代新人，遵守学生道德行为规范，诚实守信，严格自律，树立良好学风，做一个有道德的人，将来为祖国的繁荣富强作出贡献!

21.我对革命烈士产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

22.炮声隆隆硝烟洋溢，一个个战士奋勇争先地跟敌人拼命时间如流水，一下子就愉到了拂晓，只见一个身影刚强地向火力点爬去，就在那最后一刻，他张开双臂，向炎力点猛扑从前，用本人的胸膛堵住了敌人的枪口，时光就定格在这一霎时，他是谁?他就是--黄继光。

23.清明节是一个悼念的日子，清明雨纷纭，淅沥不停，那是天在哭，那是每一个人怀念眼泪，走近烈士纪念碑，我们仰望---看到的不是一个普一般通的一片气象，月夜下，好像看到峥嵘岁月中的一个豪杰身影……

24.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

25.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。

26.谢谢你们为了我们更好滴生活，献出了宝贵的生命。我们会好好珍惜，努力学习你们的精神。将来长大后把我们的国家建设的更加美丽!

27.在米高的纪念碑上写着周恩来总理的题词“革命烈士永世长存”我们就在那里举行了主题大队会，歌声是那么响亮，朗读是那么蜜意，吹奏是那么悦耳，我们无比的冲动，默默地告慰着我们心中的英雄。

28.我热爱烈士，热爱祖国，我为自己是中国人而感到骄傲自豪。我将永远的把自己的一生奉献给祖国。中国有辉煌的历史，有铁一般的热血男儿，有着那种致死不悔的精神，我要做一个堂堂正正的中国人，我祖国的未业而奉献一切。我是革命烈士的后继者，我一生的求学难道不是为了这个目的吗?作为身为中国人的我，去继承先烈的遗志是理所当然的。我真想像烈士那样，做到永垂不朽。我这个报效祖国的决心是无法动摇的。

29.一进摆设馆，最抢眼的就是那幅大型油画，画的是红军步队正在艰巨的爬着山峰，战士们的脚下都是万丈深渊，稍有不慎就会损失性命，可是兵士们并不被艰苦吓倒，他们咬着牙，艰苦的向上爬着爬着，永往直前。

30.今天的鸟语花香，源于您满腔的热血;今天农民伯伯的五谷丰收，是您金灿灿的心愿……我们不能忘记，我们怎能忘记。烈士们的抛头颅，洒热血。安息吧!成睡在地下的英烈们!你们是不朽的，即使再沉睡上一万年，也永远会被人们流传下去!

31.红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

32.只要想着这些革命先烈，我就会觉得自己是多么的美好，在这个富裕的社会主义国家中，我是多么的美满和幸福，而在那个艰苦的斗争社会中，哪有如此美好的生活。我要郑重的烈士们说：“伟大的革命先烈们，你们的斗争胜利了，我们青一代少年将再次继承你们努力开辟下来的光辉道路，我们将要去建设祖国的明天，我会认真的学习，学好本领，长在后再继续工作建设祖国，你们安歇吧!我会努力去做的，我敬爱的烈士们。

33.年年祭扫先人墓，处处有犹长春风，学习先烈革命精神，为振兴中华建功立业，不忘烈士抛忠骨，民族复兴中国梦。清明节到了，今天是无数革命先烈用鲜血和革命换来的，没有你们，我们的祖国也不会繁荣昌盛，我要好好学习。没有你们的英勇献身，就没有我们今天的幸福生活!是你们用铮铮铁骨，托起明天的太阳!是你们用不屈不挠的大无畏，铸就祖国的辉煌!你们的英名永垂不朽，你们的精神万古长青!向你们致敬!向你们学学习!

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

一、注意积累写作素材

素材是复杂的、宽泛的、零碎的、不系统的社会生活现象，是作者搜集起来的生活材料。大量素材在作者头脑中积蓄，通过作者的感知、剖析，受到启迪后，产生的某种创作冲动。作者有一种明晰的思想，一种真挚的感情需要表达，不吐不快，这便往往产生了主题。主题是客观事物作用于作者的头脑而产生的主客观相统一的新思想。选择何种角度，何种形式表达主题，便要由表达主题的需要来决定，在素材中搜索，哪个可用，哪个不用，怎样剪裁。而为表达主题作者所摄取的生活角度、事件、场景，便成了作品题材。可见，是素材决定主题的产生，主题决定对素材的选取。写作不是原样照搬生活，但必须有“生活”即对素材的占有。有志于写作的人，要做一个生活中的有心人，对什么事都留心，见到什么事都思考一番。

怎么积累素材，当然方法很多。这里只强调一点，请你身上备一个小本，遇到一个新鲜事，一个场景，听到一个故事，或千虑之一得，便及时地记录下来，再不时地翻一翻。久而久之，聚腋成裘，那个小本本就成了你素材的仓库。俗话说“好记性，不如烂笔头”。相信你坚持下去，定会受益。

二、鉴别和选择材料

占有了大量素材，却不一定会写出好文章。这除了“技巧”上的差别外，还有一个鉴别、欣赏、选择的眼光问题。在大量素材面前，要善于鉴别和选择材料，这是作者必备的又一个能力。有的人自我感觉良好。可是，当提起笔来，立刻头脑空空，或虽感到有一个事很好，却不知如何写，原因就是你知识的土地太贫瘠了。怎么办?捷径只有一个，多读书。培根说过“读书足以怡情，足以长才。”高尔基也说过“人的知识愈广，人的本身也日臻完善”。可是，我们有的同志没有读书的习惯，甚至连报纸也不看，写作上的无能也就不足为怪了。当然，读书多也不一定就有知识，还要学会思考。知识，只有当它靠积极的思维得来而不是凭记忆得来的时候，才是真正的知识。知识是引导我们走向“能力”巅峰的灯火，思考能使知识的灯火更加明亮。想写出高水平的文章，必须先具备鉴别和选材的能力。这个能力不是一朝一夕就可具备的，知识的积累是长期的、终生的，那么，请从现在就开始吧。

三、主题的提炼

有的人很想写文章，苦于不知写什么，无从下笔。其重要原因之一，是初学者不善于提炼主题。主题是一篇文章的灵魂，而材料是血肉，结构是骨骼，语言是细胞，叙述、描写、议论、抒情是手段，缺一不可。但若没了“灵魂”，便成了“行尸走肉”，没了“灵魂”，别人看了文章，也会不知所云。那么，我们怎样提炼主题呢?打个比方，如果“主题”是金子，那金子是从大量的金矿、金沙中“淘”出来的。如前所言，是在占有大量素材的基础上，在具备相当鉴别和选材能力的基础上产生的。提炼主题时，要认真思考一下：(1)这些给我一些朦胧启示的素材，最使我感动的是什么?(2)这个令我感动的地方，表现的是一种什么样的思想、情操?(3)这种思想、情操是否具有时代性、先进性、典型性?(4)具有时代性、先进性了，那么是否有新意?是不是别人都写“滥”了的，我还能否从中掘出新意、选出新角度?凡此等等，经过一番思考后，那个确定下来要表达的东西，即主题。对主题的要求，要观点正确、内涵深刻、表现集中、角度新颖。我们学过的《谁是最可爱的人》，写志愿军战士的文章很多，但魏巍同志却表现得最集中、最深刻，角度也新，所以脍炙人口。主题产生，离不开丰富的生活基础，源于对生活有深刻的认识，并且我们要有强烈的表现(写出来)欲望。由生活到思维，从感性到理性，就是主题产生的过程。一般说来，别人认为没啥意思，不值写，我偏要写出点意思，便容易深刻，别人这样写，我偏要那样写，便容易出新；别人想出得面面俱到，我却抓住一点，小中见大，集中笔力，深掘细琢，主题更容易突出集中。提炼主题的功夫，最根本的靠反复实践，平时就注意“读文取法”，从文字背后寻真谛。