双城记英语读后感合集2篇 作文初一汇总20篇

The sorrows of young werther is a German writer johann Wolfgang Goethe is one of the most famous masterpiece. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, a German modern outstanding poets, writers and thinkers. The sorrows of young werther this epistolary novel written in first person, not only conveys the feudal system in Europe from the ancient to the capitalist system of excessive transformation period, the middle-aged and young generation to pursue "personality liberation", "emotional freedom", "return to nature of social status", "establishing equal relationship" between peoples strong desire, also illustrates the authors own distinct position. In 1774 published a novel has aroused strong repercussions, the whole of Europe an victor hot, Goethes hand revealed deep sleep in contemporary deeply excited all the secrets of the mind.

We can see victors image: tsing yi huang trousers and thin sensitive and sentimental. He kept the childlike innocence confronts the nature of his heart is bright and clean, like a deep stagnant water. He attaches great importance to the natural sincere feelings cherish his "heart is better than all other" Albert rational calm very unhappy. His love at first sight, for she had also because she is so innocent in manners do keep a girl lovely nature. Green, in the heart of victor is completely natural and beautiful his love for her is reached the degree of "forgetting"!

She is just victor lover? She is the embodiment of victor all ideal almost representative of beauty. When victors ideal in reality nothing is near, he met and she became his heart clings to object and shelter. His love for her is hot, unselfish, has deviated from the true meaning of love, because it is a kind of irrational and abnormal love, is not the final result of the destruction of others is to destroy them. Rather than his love and his love is his one thousand to from the conquest of the opposite sex to prove the existence of self value. Because of this, in the face of rational barriers victor heart will have such a complicated entanglements and deep pain. He hovered between reality and green, and the fact that, after all, not a lover and victor becomes more crazy. But he lost his friend victor all hope in life, the passion of youth, the courage of life is destroyed by a thus only to an extreme way -- suicide to show resistance of reality. Schiller profoundly analyzes the victors tragedy, he said: "a person with a warm feelings to hug an ideal and escape from reality in order to pursue the infinite reality; he constantly seek him in his outside forever in his own destruction in the nature of things; he felt his own dream is the only reality of his own experience is permanent; he sees their presence as bound shall crush it in order to further the absolute reality."

In the writers love is the greatest hero for it can cling to life; In the writers love is the small only is a tool for personality liberation and realize self value. The protagonist in the novel the continuous and endless memories, fierce inner conflict, also bitter sweet in love feeling, only when he was unable to get a beloved is cruel and gloomy beauty. The so-called vigorous love and heart full of tears, is actually a thick young feelings and deep that must not turn dark young sorrow. Youth it is destined to always full of unease and restlessness, too many boiling blood to be cathartic for ideal can be without any hesitation.

The heroine in the sorrows of young werther self-consciousness is quite strong. Youth and beauty are what he ardently desire. Born for freedom, he died for freedom, he would rather die than to give up his ideal and pursuit. However the value goal of how to implement? Will not, of course, through the practice of reforming society, we have not such ideological awareness, the hero of them, the fate of the palm is only one are pieces of quiet. So they can only choose to make love till death do it the end of time and regret, then maybe can express in the heart of anguish? In this sense it is not only their personal tragedy, also is the tragedy of The Times.

参考翻译：

少年维特之烦恼是德国作者约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德最著名的代表作之一。歌德是德国近代杰出的诗人、作家和思想家。少年维特之烦恼这部以第一人称写就的书信体小说，不仅传达了欧洲从古老的封建制度向资本主义制度过度的转型时期，中青年一代追求“个性解放”、“感情自由”、“恢复自然的社会状态”、“建立平等的人与人之间的关系”的强烈愿望，也阐明了作者自身鲜明的立场。1774年小说一发表便引起了强烈的反响，整个欧洲掀起了一阵维特热，歌德的手揭开了沉睡在当代的深深激动着的心灵里的一切秘密。

我们可以想见维特的形象：青衣黄裤清秀而瘦弱敏感而多情。他保持了童真的本性面对世界时他的心明净如一泓清水。他重视自然真诚的感情珍视他的“心胜于其它一切”对阿尔伯特似的理智冷静的人非常不满。他对绿蒂的一见钟情、一往情深也正是因为她如此天真无邪在举止行事中保持了一个少女可爱的自然本性。绿蒂在维特的心中完全就是自然与美的化身他对她的爱简直达到了“忘我”的程度!

绿蒂难道仅仅是维特的恋人?她几乎是维特全部理想的化身美的代表。当维特的理想在现实中无所依傍的时候，他遇见了绿蒂，绿蒂成为了他心灵的攀附对象和避难所。他对她的爱虽是炽热的、忘我的，却已偏离了爱的真义，因为这是一种非理性的、变态的爱，最后的结果不是毁灭他人就是毁灭自己。与其说他爱的是绿蒂，不如说他爱的是他自己千方百计地要从对异性的征服中证明自我存在的价值。正因为如此，在理性的藩篱面前维特的内心才会产生如此复杂的纠葛和深沉的痛苦。他在现实与绿蒂之间徘徊而终究得不到爱人的事实又使维特变得愈加疯狂。最终他还是失去了绿蒂维特全部的人生希望、青春的热情、生活的勇气都被一道摧毁从而只得以极端的方式——自杀来表露对现实的反抗。席勒深刻地分析了维特的悲剧他说：“一个人物以热烈的感情拥抱一个理想并且逃避现实以便追求非现实的无限;他不断地在他身外寻求他永远在他自己的天性中所破坏的东西;他觉得他自己的梦想才是唯一现实的东西他自己的经验无非是永久的束缚;他把自己的存在看作是束 缚应当把它粉碎以便深入绝对的现实。”

在作家的笔下爱情是伟大的主人公为它生可以死死可以生;在作家的笔下爱情又是渺小的只不过是承载个性解放和实现自我价值的工具。小说里主人公那绵绵无尽的情思、激烈的内心冲突、亦苦亦甜的恋爱感受，只有在他无法得到心上人时才具有残酷而无望的美的意味。所谓轰轰烈烈的爱情与充满血泪的心路，事实上是浓得化不开的年少情愫与深黯的少年悲戚。青春向来就注定充满不安和躁动，太多沸腾的热血亟待宣泄为理想献身可以无半点犹疑。

在少年维特之烦恼中主人公的自我意识相当强烈。青春和美都是他热切向往的东西。他为自由而生，为自由而死，他宁死也不愿放弃自己的理想和追求。然而这种价值目标如何实现呢?当然不可能通过改造社会的实践，我们的主人公还没有这样的思想觉悟，他们，在命运的掌心里只能是一枚渺续安静的棋子。因此他们只能选择爱爱它个地老天荒、至死不悔，这样或许能抒发心中的苦闷?在这个意义上说这不仅仅是他们个人的悲剧，也是整个时代的悲剧。

[少年维特之烦恼英语读后感及翻译

《钢铁是怎样炼成的》这本书中的主要人物保尔.柯察金，是前苏联乌克兰人。他，平凡而伟大，打过工，参加过红军，还担任过共青团委书记。在一次攻克敌人暗堡的战斗中，年轻的保尔负了重伤，左眼失明。但他仍坚持工作，就这样日复一日，年复一年，直至双目失明，下身瘫痪。可保尔未被病魔所吓倒，他克服了难以想象的困难，靠口述，请亲友笔记，创作了《暴风雨的儿女》这部长篇小说，实现了重返战斗岗位的理想。

保尔那种为人类进步和解放而无私奉献的精神;那种崇高理想和每一个具体行动结合起来，脚踏实地，埋头苦干的精神;那种不畏任何艰险百折不挠，艰苦创业的精神;那种比钢铁还要坚强的意志，不正是现代化建设所提倡的精神吗?保尔的崇高精神使我联想到了自己，自己却是常向困难低头屈服的人。记得一次体育课上，老师叫我们男同学跑一千米。我一开始还跑得很带劲，可跑了一半，我就累得气喘吁吁，于是，我便不跑了。现在看来，我错了!有毅力的表现是在学习生活的事事处处，而不是单方面的。

作者尼古拉.奥斯特洛夫斯基这样说过：人，最宝贵的是生命，生命对每个人只有一次，人的一生应当怎样度过。“回忆往事，他不会因为虚度年华而悔恨，也不会因为卑鄙庸俗而羞愧。临终之际，他能够说：‘我的.整个生命和全部精力都已经献给了世界上最壮丽的事业——为解放全人类而斗争’。”这段话，激励了一代代的青少年，也给我增添了战胜困难的勇气和信心。

Ive read this twice. The first time I rushed through it just to find out who was the "victim." Yeah. Wasnt really surprised about that. Im sure a few people are thinking it was a serious mistake to off our lamented victim, but honestly, I wasnt really enthused at having to slog through this book.

I understand that this is covering the adolescent years of young Mr. Potter, but the whole teenage angst thing came out of nowhere. There shouldve been some hints as far back as "Chamber" but instead, we have four years of pent-up hormones come flooding out of the page. It is overwhelming at times, a feeling made worse when you realize that there wasnt a big plot; if anything, this was written partially for contract, partially to continue the story （I, personally, could have lived without the whole Hagrid/Grawp subplot, not to mention 50% of Dolores Umbridge, who herself is part pun, part metaphor, yet neither part really does anything but make one groan）。

But one thing to be said, there is growing tension and suspense in the book, which is written and intended--if we remember for a moment and think （perhaps somewhat na-iv-ely）--for young adults and not those of us with seasoned palates. This is why the book deserves a high rating; to me--and to many individuals over the age of, say, 16--this isnt a great novel. But it is an excellent novel for the young adult crowd and anyone who wants a mystery/fantasy/pseudo-thriller with characters who are reaching the genesis of their development. We may not like the person Harry becomes or the browbeating attitude of Umbridge or Rons jealousy rearing its head at odd turns, but it is a realistic portrayal of adolescent confusion and angst, of the tendency for some individuals in todays society to repreinformation and punish anyone who tries to resist the "system."

Yes, this is a heavy-handed statement, but this book is a metaphor as much as it is a fantasy. Remember, the Harry Potter series is desgined as an arc, so we naturally have to have the stage set for the final two books in the saga.

Hardcore Potter fans will enjoy this. Anyone expecting a great epic, however, will be disappointed because of their misconceptions.

The Little Prince is a book which the author write for his friend Leon Werth.So at the beginning the author said,to Leon Werth when he was a little boy,I will dedicate the book to a child from whom this grown-up grew.All grown-ups were once children.This narrates is lonely ,sad child’s story.The story of the little prince of life with a serious attitude,he diligentiy to clear the crater,pulling the monkey bread tree seedlings.

He lives on a young star.One day he left the star which he lives,starts to travel.He passed though various stars,afterward,he arrived the Earth.And finally returned to his star.In the traveling,the little prince saw the of all forms person in the society confused:king,which loves the vanity person.The drunkard,for put behind ashamed drinks.The industrialist who only likes calculating the astronomy number typemoney.T

hier only common ground in the heart fills the vanity.In the travel,the little prince discovered that,the people are the places which always does not will satisfy oneself lives,they are pursuing happiness with hardship,but actually frequently crudely happily expels from the side.He and the author met each other the desert,they gradually have becoming the best friend.They seek native and move together which we had already lose .

Hello, everyone!My name is Winnie. Im a 15 years old girl. I live in the beautiful city of Beihai.

你好,每个人!我的名字是温妮。我是一个15岁的女孩。我住在美丽的城市北海。

Im an active, lovely, and clever girl. In the school my favorite subject is math. Perhaps someone thinks its difficult to study well. But I like it. I believe that if you try your best, everything can be done well.

我是一个活跃的，可爱的,聪明的女孩。在学校我最喜欢的科目是数学。也许有人认为很难学好。但我喜欢它。我相信如果你尽你最大的努力，一切都可以做得很好。

also like sports very much. Such as, running, volleyball and so on. Im kind-hearted. If you need help, please come to me.I hope we can be good friends!

也很喜欢运动。例如,跑步、排球等等。我是善良的。如果你需要帮助,请到我这里来。我希望我们能成为好朋友!

OK. This is me. A sunny girl.

好吧。这就是我。一个阳光明媚的女孩。

《三国演义》是一部断代体古典名著小说，它讲述了从东汉末年时期到晋朝统一之间发生的一系列故事。它写的庸主献帝、刘禅，无能之辈吕布、袁术、袁绍、刘表、刘璋，气量狭隘的周瑜，长厚的鲁肃，勇者张飞、许楮、典韦，下至因行间而贻笑千古的蒋干，无不个极其态。

虽有这些人物，但最令我有所感受的是这本书当中所描述的几个英雄人物。

先说关羽。这是给我留下印象最深的人物之一。他降汉不降曹、秉烛达旦、千里走单骑、五关斩六将、古城斩蔡阳，后来又在华容道义释曹操。他忠于故主，因战败降敌而约好一知故主消息，便不知千里万里往投。我认为虽降了敌，但最后还是回来了，不但仍算忠，而且还要算一种难得可贵的忠。他的所做所为值得我们学习。

再说曹操。曹操在《三国演义》中被称为奸雄，可能是因为他的儿子。他说刘备与他是并世英雄，说得刘备都不敢听，但是他没有杀刘备，虽刘备正是他的瓮中之鳖。这使我感到了曹操的大度，也是周瑜做梦也梦不到的。周瑜眼中只有诸葛亮，与其誓不两立，只要把诸葛亮杀了，东吴的天下就太平了。后来又发现刘备也不是一般人物，便想杀刘备，至少把他留在东吴，东吴的天下也太平了。

总的来说，读过这本书之后我大开眼界，而以上几人也给了我很深的感受，他们很值得我学习。作文

近日重读海明威的经典名作《老人与海》，掩卷之后不禁感叹经典的力量永恒，书中那位老渔夫——圣地亚哥，一位常常梦见非洲狮子的老人，在遭遇连续八十四天没打到一条鱼的厄运打击，纵然他坚强不屈，克服了常人难以承受的巨大苦难，历经千辛万苦，却依然没有把那条“比他的船还长两英尺”的大鱼完整地带回家。如果仅仅从结果上看，他似乎是个失败者，但是从整个过程来看，老人却无疑是一个精神上的强者，一个不折不扣的“硬汉”，他的那句“人可以被消灭，但不能被打败!”的誓言宣告了与命运抗争到底的伟大人性的光辉!

如果说结果决定一切，那么无疑老人没有实现他的梦想;如果人生仅仅只是以成败论英雄，那么;老人也算不上好汉豪杰;可是纵观全篇作品，我们感受到这样一个道理：结果固然重要，但是过程更加精彩!

是的，人的一生会经历许许多多，有欢笑，有泪水，有成功，有失利，如果我们能够像老人一样拥有强大的自信和不屈服的信念，那么生活中的磨折无疑就会成为未来成功的磨刀石。老人在经历了大海的挑战、命运的嘲弄、大鱼的搏斗这些令人筋疲力竭折磨后，本想否极泰来，却随即又陷入了鲨鱼的再次挑战，这时候大多数人应该都会无奈地选择放弃，那么他们就会以失败者为标志告终;可是我们的勇敢的老渔夫选择了不向命运屈服，勇于面对挑战的大无畏精神，再次鼓足勇气以桨为兵，战斗到最后一刻，虽然大鱼只是剩下了巨大的骨头，老人却永远成为大家心目中的胜利者，他也成为了自己命运的胜利者，他战胜了自己!

孩子你现在努力学习不断付出辛勤的汗水，无疑我们都希望你能够考上心仪的好学校，可是，这个结果难道是你学习的目标吗?显然不是。你更加需要珍惜的是：在实现你的理想目标的过程中所得到的成功经验和失败教训，好好享受学习的快乐，感悟人类知识文化的美好，如果能够做到这一点，付出了自己的努力，那么即使最初的目标没能完全达成，也无需悔恨难过，其实你已经收获了很多的意外之喜，就像一句广告词说的：“人生就像一段旅程，旅程的终点并不是目标，更值得注意的是沿途的风景和我们看风景时候的心情!”

“永不言败”这也许就是《老人与海》给予我们的的人生感悟;“享受过程”慢慢体会生活带给我们的痛苦与快乐吧!

the call of the wild in the beginnning, buck lived in a happly life . he was the lovely pet of the miller . he could get sufficient food everyday. however , happy time is always short . unluckily,he was stolen and sold to pay off a gambling debt. buck was taken to alaska and sold to a pair of french canadians who were impressed with his physique. they trained him as a sled dog, and he quickly learned how to survive the cold winter nights and the pack society by observing his teammates. buck was later sold again and passed hands several times, all the while improving his abilities as a sled dog and pack leader. there life was hard ,but he could feel the warmth given to him by thornton . so buck came to love him and grew devoted to him. i was deeply impressed by him .

however , at last, thornton was killed by indians . it was a pity . the world is dominated by those who are much stronger and more powerful than common people, and only the stronger ones could exist. this is the law of club and fang. buck gradually realizes the law and begins to obey the law after he is stolen and taken to the would. the savage environment which is full of tricks, dangers and deaths turns him to be more powerful and cunning. finally, he becomes the leader of his team. similar to the would, our society becomes crueler and crueler, and living in the society becomes

harder and harder. if you want to exist, to have a good life, you should be tough enough to stand the sufferings; you should keep alert, watch and learn; you should make yourself stronger than others. this is the law of living.

【范文】Shen Zhen is my favorite city. It is a young and promising city. I have been living in this city for over ten years. I love the seafood in this city as well as its beautiful scenes. In summer, I can go to the sea to see the sun rise, or enjoy the fresh cool sea water. On weekend, I can go to the park to have a walk. Shen Zhen is my hometown. When I grow up, I want to make contribution to this city and make it becomes a better city.

【翻译】深圳是我最喜欢的城市。她年轻富有活力。我在这里居住了10年。我爱这座城市的海鲜和美丽的风景。夏天来的时候，我可以去海边看日出，或者去享受冰爽的海水。在周末的时候，去公园散散步。深圳是我的家。等我长大了，我要为这所城市作出贡献，让她变得更好。

这个寒假，我读了许许多多沈石溪的文章。我特别喜欢里面的一篇叫做《狼王梦》的文章，这篇文章让我更客观更全面地了解了狼，它不是《小红帽》里那可恶的狼外婆，也不是童话故事作恶多端的“大灰狼”，而是大自然的英雄豪杰，是一种非常智慧的动物。

《狼王梦》是着名动物小说家，被誉为“动物小说大王”的沈石溪的作品，讲述了一个令人为之动容的故事：母狼紫岚为了完成公狼黑桑当上狼王的遗志，将希望寄托在下一代孩子身上，对狼崽展开一系列教育。可惜事与愿违，她一次又一次地失败，三只小公狼也相继死去。最后，她为了狼孙的安全，与金雕同归于尽了。母狼紫岚极力压抑着自己的母性，在自己的孩子面前，她极力掩饰着自己，摆出一副严厉、冷漠的样子。而实际上，又有哪一个母亲想让孩子受到伤害呢？可是为了让孩子变得更有力量，她又不得不严格要求孩子，使它们早日体会到：在激烈的竞争中，胜利者很少很少，若不能拥有过人的绝技，是无法在这片领域立足的！

母狼紫岚让狼崽早早地领悟到了生存的艰难，体验到了竞争的无情，欣赏到了不屈不挠的强者风采，让他们抢先一步获得过人的胆魄与谋略，这些都是成为狼王的基本条件。在我们眼中，狼是残暴的、冷酷的、狡诈的。“狼心狗肺”、“狼狈为奸”……从这些成语中，就可看出人们对狼的痛恨与厌恶。可是，读了《狼王梦》后我才发现，人们误解了狼，弱肉强食与无情掠夺是狼的生存法则，冷酷与绝情是狼的本性，甚至，残忍与狡诈也是一匹出类拔萃的狼才可能拥有的一笔珍贵的“财富”。现在，父母都精心呵护孩子，怕孩子受到委屈和伤害，许多孩子都被培育成娇滴滴的、经不起一点儿风吹雨打的“温室花朵”了。长大后这些“温室花朵”怎么能在激烈的社会竞争中展现自己的才能呢？

爸爸妈妈，请让我们拥有一方自由的天空吧。我们要做那丛林中自由奔跑的野狼！我们要做那蓝天下自由翱翔的雄鹰！

“真诚是第一把艺术的钥匙”、“建筑在了解自己了解别人上面的爱，才不是盲目的爱”……一句句经典而又耐人寻味的话语贯穿整本《傅雷家书》，让人深深体会到其中饱含的父亲对儿子深深的爱。

《傅雷家书》，收录了1954年间到1966年间傅雷及其夫人写给两个儿子的家信100多封，是优秀的青年思想修养读物，是素质教育的经典范本，是充满着父爱的教子名篇。

他，傅雷，用不舍表明对孩子的愧疚，五三年正月父子之间的激烈争论，使他良心上的责备消释不了。直到儿子离家远行——留学于亚欧大陆另一边的波兰时，“胸口抽痛，胃里难过”的痛苦滋味他才尝尽。他用那一封一封不舍的书信来抒发自己对儿子无限的愧疚之情。有些罪过只能补赎，不能洗刷!

他，傅雷，用自身艺术造诣将孩子的道路铺向未知的前方。他常在信中大量篇幅谈美术，读音乐作品，谈表现技巧，谈艺术修养。不管是留学波兰或是获国际大奖，还是赴各地演出，他始终关注着儿子在音乐艺术道路上的成长，不时给予指点。

他，傅雷，用做人的道理浇灌孩子懵懂的心田。无论从事什么职业，做人是第一位的。在信中，他常以自己的亲身经历为例教导儿子：待人要谦虚，做事要严谦，礼仪要得体;遇困境不气馁，获大奖不骄傲;要有国家和民族的荣辱感，要有艺术、人格的尊严，做一个“德艺俱备、人格卓越的艺术家”……

傅雷既是一位特殊的教育家，又是一位严厉、尽责同时不乏爱心的父亲。在生活中，虽然也有像他那样饱含父爱的父亲，但给予孩子的却是溺爱。他们将自己的孩子泡在蜜罐里，当作温室的花朵呵护着，却不思教育其做人之理。我们期盼像傅雷一样的父亲。

“这是一部最好的艺术学徒修养读物，这也是一部充满着父爱的苦心孤诣，呕心沥血的教子篇”，楼适夷这样评价《傅雷家书》。

家书是真情的流露。他，傅雷，用苦心孤诣的父爱填满了儿子的心灵，指引了儿子的人生。

夜已深，枕着红楼进入梦中。那是一个快乐的地方，是少男少女的世界，随着心做自己想做的事情，从不顾及外面的黑暗，只要自己的圈子明亮，便好。赏花、论诗、吃蟹，生活就是这么美好。只愿永远都能这么美好。

昨夜看到贾府衰败，心中仍念念不忘大观园中的生活。那样奢侈却又有些美好的生活，也只有在《红楼梦》中才会出现。那就像一场梦，在昨夜的梦中再度出现。不喜欢高鹗后十八回的续写，他的语言与曹雪芹的有太大的差别。但或许更多是因为最后的结局太过悲伤，让我无法接受。

在我的感觉中，宝玉也是因为无法接受而出家为僧。曾经在大观园中吃胭脂的男孩已不复存在，随着悲欢离合的发生而离去。他宁愿伴随青灯长夜，也不愿去面对贾府的衰败。红楼，就像一场梦，永远只能在回忆中片片捡起;现实，就像一堵墙，不愿去面对。在梦中黛玉葬花、湘云醉卧、迎春穿针……一切是那么宁静安祥。就像十六、七岁的年纪，哪尝过什么愁滋味。黛玉的琴音是多么妙曼，宝钗的诗歌是多么成熟。像场梦，真实却又隔着一层膜。有多少人与我一产，愿红楼，梦不醒。因为梦外的世界实在无法提起，与梦中的美好差别太大。有多少人希望世界是美好、和平的;做着自己喜爱的事情，与自己喜爱的人共度一生。

但是个梦，终会醒。不管你是否愿意，都得接受梦碎的一天。只有面对它，你才会放下。只是哪怕我明白，却仍希望着红楼，梦不醒;世界，永远美好!

初一英语作文如何教好呢，老师们有何看法？下面一起去看看小编整理的初一英语作文教学方法吧！

写作是书面表达和传递信息的重要途径，培养学生初步的写作的能力，是初中英语教学的目的之一。但是长期以来，中学英语写作教学一直徘徊于不理想的状态，尤其是在农村中学来讲更是不堪入目。平素测验中，不少学生只能写出寥寥数语，而且文章中拼写错误和其他语病随处可见，学生英语作文的质量不尽如人意。即使在有些学校所谓的实验班级效果也不是怎么理想。尽管在平素的教学评价环节中，我们花费大量的时间用于批改学生的作文，但是学生一次又一次的反馈给我们的并不是我们预期所料的，甚至是差之千里。如何解决这一难题，成为现阶段我们英语教学工作者面前的“拦路虎”。本文就这一问题作一些粗浅分析，力求找出了中学英语写作教学的瓶颈所在，结合教学实践，探索性的作一些关于中学英语写作教学的交流——“读、改、写”的实践。

七年的初中英语教学下来，留给我无穷的思考与困惑：不管在什么样的测试中，只要谈到英语写作，很多学生都感到头痛？即使有部分学生能动笔写写，其中的语法错误也是随处可见，写作要点不明确，语句不通顺，语言、词汇档次低，语言不地道或是汉语式的英语写作，让人看后很是费解。即使给材料作文学生也感到无从下手，在他们看来：翻译又是个问题，或是上面所说的汉语式的直接翻译出来。导致这些问题的缘由何在？是平时的教学没有到位，存在写作教学走过场？重视不够？还是学生根本就不是学英语的那块料？困惑，苦思、冥想！多方寻缘由。究其原因，我认为英语写作教学效果不理想主要问题出在平素的教学环节上。长期以来，我们很多英语教学者都重复着同一种模式：教师布置写作内容——学生完成作文——教师批阅作文——作文发还给学生。缺乏对学生的有效地针对性的指导，像那种简单而粗暴的评价方式，从根本上起不到什么作用。久而久之，还会使学生厌恶英语作文写作，甚至产生“写作恐惧症”，进而影响整个英语学习及考试效果！现我就英语写作教学的几点感悟与大家一起共勉。

一、读中不忘写，在阅读中适时穿插写作教学。

“读中教”指的是写作与阅读联系挂钩。因为单靠指导学生掌握写作要领进行写作，在实际的教学工作中是完全不够的，而当我们教学一篇篇阅读理解文章，才正是学生们学习写作的好时机，阅读理解也是我们教学写作的最有效武器，毕竟好文章是写作最好的老师和范例，更是我们教写作的法宝。因此，在每次学习和欣赏一篇阅读理解文章的时候，尤其是文中含有经典语句时，我都给学生设定四个目标：第一，理解作者写作的用意，即作者在文章中阐明了什么观点和段落的安排及其如何阐述的。第二，弄清作者运用了什么样的写作方法。比如是说明、记叙还是论证，包括文章运用的时态、语态以及其他种种语法手段。第三，学习作者的一些用词来扩大词汇量，积累词汇，同时让学生学习短语的搭配并收集词汇和短语。第四，收集作者在文章中写出的佳句、妙句、绝句。为今后的写作奠定基础。几年的教学实践证明了这样的教学有其独具的特色与效果

因此，我认为：写作教学完全应该，而且必须与阅读理解相结合才能真正让学生领悟和掌握写作方法与写作技巧的要领，没有阅读哪里来的模仿和借鉴？所以“读中教”是我的第一步，之后，在感性的基础上，我再给学生讲解具体的写作方法，这一点是我接下来要做的第二步“写中教”。

二、写作中不失恰如其分的指导，适时地开展“写中教”。

所谓“写中教”，就是在学生学作时给予写作方法的指导，通常我从三个方面入手：首先，概括初级写作的文体特点。书面表达在文体上以记叙文、应用文（书信、日记、通知、说明书等）的形式为多见。然后，概括其形式特点。近年来，初级写作题型在形式上以看图说话和根据中英文提出写作两种类型出现频率最高，要求能根据图画所提供的情景和英汉提出的词语，建立联想，创造性地运用所学过的词汇和语法知识来进行表达，比如根据一副或多幅图画及提示语，写出语法正确的六至八句话，或者一篇字数在60－100字的短文，充分地运用自己所学的知识，完整、准确地表达所需求的意思，考查的重点是在领会图意和提示语的前提下能简单创造语言的能力。最后是概括题材特点。在题材上，初级英文写作的表达题所给的大部分内容是比较贴近孩子们生活的人物和事件，诸如饮食、运动、爱好、环境、交友、旅行、娱乐等等，考查的是生活知识和语言知识学与用综合能力。

根据以上文体、形式、题材特点，我要求学生在看图写话时，掌握好以下一个要领：

1、看图说话书面表达题要领

首先，认真审题，弄清画意，把握中心。一般来说，写作题所提供的几幅图画虽然是整个故事情节中的一个或数个重要的情景片段，但每幅图的主体内容一定是清清楚楚、脉络分明的，这一点务必要准确把握，只有具体、透彻的理解画意，方能抓住抓准表达的重点。紧扣暗示内容，分析表达重点，看图题若也有语言提示，那么首先要细审提示材料。若是英文提示语，那就更加重要了，因为提示词语不但能有助于理解画意，而且告知如何围绕这些重点词语组织材料，然后表达出图画内容。但应注意，无论哪种形式的看图写话均不会给出所有的词语，因此，必须紧扣画面暗示的内容，再结合提示语的补充，酌情填补一些关键词语。

其次，运用正确的表达方式和准确的写作方法。用正确的表达方式准确地写出图画所表现的内容，形成一句或一段切合画意又无语法错误的句子是关键。具体应注意以下几点：

（1）确定基本时态。动词是做谓语还是做非谓语？是否需要用第三人称单数？这些必须考虑清楚再动笔。要抓住提示语中提供的或自己设置的时间状语，或抓住第一画图反映出来的故事背景。

（2）注意词语的变化。如该用形容词还是副词？名词是否可数？前面是否需用冠词？词尾是否丢失s或者其他变化形式？特指的定冠词the是否要用或不用？这些在平时演练时，都需要“斤斤计较”，养成习惯。

（3）句型的选择。尽量用自己所学过的句型表达，能用简单句尽量用简单句。

（4）书写规范、准确。

（5）反复检查。要逐字逐句检查词语搭配和句子的结构，是主系表还是主谓宾，注意时态是否完整等等。

2、写中英文提示作文的提纲要领

在做没有图画只有中英文提示语的书面表达题时，对学生要求更高，写作的难度也更大了。这种题型对八年级（下）和九年级学生较多用。我指导学生运用以下六条要领：

（1）、审清题意。反复仔细阅读、推敲提示，分析出文章的重点，弄清文章的格式，确定写什么内容，以免离题；

（2）、概括简要的中文提示中的部分要点，此时切记不可逐句翻译，题前所给的英文提示词语最好全部用上，采用扩写的方式，根据所给材料进行适当的恰如其分的扩写，可以由词到句，再有句到段，最后到篇的“点及面”的写法。

（3）、将提示中的有关信息融入自己的语句中，尽力做到语言规范、准确，文字通顺。

（4）、在抓住重点，不偏离主题的前提下，合理想象，拓展思路；

（5）、用好介词和连词，使文章简练、纹理通顺，尽量使用自己有把握的句式来表达，避免使用不熟练的词、短语和句型；

（6）、最后，正确把握文中的时态和语态，仔细揣摩、合理灵活变化时态和语态。

三、在写作评价中适时地给与指导，积极开展“改中教”。

我的最后一步是走“错误路线”，即在批改学生习作中利用学生的“错误资源”进行写作教学。在批改学生的习作时，我把其中的错字、别字以及大量的令人啼笑皆非的病句收集起来，这些东西常常是学生们的通病，虽说使我苦恼，但经验告诉我，其实这也是一种资源，颇有利用价值，而且用好了还是一剂治病句的“良药”呢！与此同时，我们也要善于发现学生的优点，适时不忘鼓励教学的开展，从而激发学生的写作兴趣。对于写得有水平、有档次的习作可以范读，从而进一步的调动学生的写作热情。

对于大多数学生容易犯的错误，我把一些比较典型的病句展示在黑板上，然后让学生互相订正。许多时候学生在“欣赏”他们自己的劣作时都忍不住哄堂大笑，但笑过之后，错误也在轻松愉快的气氛中改正了，这样既活跃了写作课堂的气氛，又达到了让学生纠正错误的效果。除此之外，我让每个学生准备一个纠错本，将他们平时在练习、造句和作文中出现的病句摘录在册并认真纠正，以避免重复出错，使文章中的病句逐渐减少。

以下是我在学生习作中遇到的典型案例，原文如下：

Nowadaays,the environment gets more and more bad.because of the pollution.Although the  government take any measures  to carry  it , it isnt working well  in it.

There is only one earth.I think we should do something useful we can to protect the environment.sach as we can use both sides of each piece of paper and use cotton handkerchiefs,not the paper ones to protect soil .if we go to a short distance.we can walk or by bike.we can also plant more trees and grass to protect air.

If  we  all do that,we will have healthy and  happy.

从整体看，本文错误较多，汉语思维较严重.但总的来讲这篇作文的思路还是比较清晰的，

于是我和学生一道对该文进行了分析：

1、本文首先缺一个主题，从正文中我们不难看出本文是要求写作如何保护环境问题，作者应根据题目要求拟定题目，再进行写作！譬如：我们可以拟定为：HOW  TO  SAVE  OUR  MOTHER等。

2、该文的第一句就出现拉严重的语法错误，The environment gets more and more bad.变得越来越糟糕，应该是“worse  and  worse".在提出问题时，最好创设一定的语言情景，逐步导入,俗话说得好“好的开始就是成功了一半”。以本文为例，我们完全可以以这样导入：With  the  development of  economy  ,more and more factories have built .But there is more and more pollution coming.

3、该文的第二句中的take any measures to carry  it  。意思没有表达清楚，让人看了费解，其实作者可能是想说政府采取一些措施去阻止污染。而采取一些措施去制止污染应为：take  some  measures  to  keep pollution.然而效果不好应为:it  doesnt  work  well.

4、在第二自然段中有单词拼写错误及名词单复数误用的现象，比如“sach as ”应为"such as".

5、表意不清。"not the paper ones to protect soil"和we can also plant more trees and grass to protect air.都存在表意不清的现象。其应该表达为：第一句最好这样表达：not to use paper or use less paper to protect  trees and  because the trees  can  keep the earth from washing.第二句改写为we  can also plant more trees and grass to keep the air clean and fresh.

5、标点符号用得不够恰当，如If we go to a short distance.we can walk or by bike.在这里我们最好这样用要好一些：If we go to a short distance，we can walk or by bike.

6、在最后一段发起倡议时，最好使用感叹句型或祈使句型这样会显得更有力！文章会显得更深入.如;my dear friends, lets get together to protect "The Blue Sky"!等。

除了上述“九字法”英文写作教学模式，我们还应重视做足“平时功夫”以促进学生写作。所谓平时功夫，是指背诵名篇佳作；收集各种话题，布置学生在假期或周末练笔，提倡“一周一文"；传阅、张贴、展览学生优秀习作以资鼓励等。鼓励学生善于从平素的练习中总结经验、吸取教训，只要持之以恒，我们完全可以让越来越多的学生逐渐学会用第二语言来表达自己的思想，而且可以像用母语一样轻松自如。

结束语

路漫漫其修远兮。英语写作教学的探究征程远而富于变化，需要各位同仁在实际工作中不断探索。在英语写作教学中如何教学及讲评需要继续探索。但有一点鄙人是这样认为的：宽松、愉悦、不断获得鼓励的环境中，学生的思维才会变得活跃。所以教师要及时抓住学生稍纵即逝的新奇、独特的想法，给予赞扬，使学生的创造性思维得以发展。多给学生创造性思维活动的机会，鼓励学生勇于尝试，并在失败面前不气馁。在平素的写作教学实践中，教师应最大限度地创设和实施多种鼓励机制，充分调动全体学生动笔写作的积极性，这样才能促进学生的写作能力更快更好地实现，从而从整体上提高学生的英语语言应用能力。

This week I mostly stayed at home and did some homework. Last Saturday HP6 had just come out. And many Harry Potter fans went to buy it. I did’t buy it because it was too expensive, but I downloaded it on the Internet. It was in English. Many people went on translating as soon as the book came out. I also took part in it and became a part of the translating group. From this group, I first realized that my English was so poor. I needed to look up in the dictionary all the time. It was really troublesome. But I withheld and withheld. I had translated many paragraphs. I was the youngest among the translators, but I didn’t feel there was much pressure. This work was hard but I really felt happy. We had already finished nearly 20 chapters

today is my grandpas birthday. our family went back to my grandpas home in the morning. we got together to have a big family dinner to celebrate his birthady. we bought a big birthday cake and gave some presents to my grandpa.

in the afternoon, we went to the park to go boating. we had a good time. my grandpa had a nice time on his birthday.

读完这篇童话后，我觉得皇帝太傻了、爱虚荣，整天想着穿华丽的衣服，什么事都不管，怕说出自己看不出新衣，被别人说不聪明，怕暴露了自己的缺点或弱点就假装自己看见了衣服。骗子太狡猾，利用皇帝的弱点骗取皇帝的钱财。大臣们太虚伪，为了讨得皇帝的欢心，和骗子一起用假话欺骗皇帝。他们为了增加自己的名和利颠倒是非、混淆黑白。

这个故事告诉我们不管做人，还是做事，都要一步一个脚印，踏踏实实的干活。在发现自己的缺点时，不要掩盖，应该积极的更正。当我们做错事的时候，要勇敢承认，及时改正。当发现我们的身边人如果有不良行为的时，要像故事中那纯洁的小孩一样勇于提出在，积极乐意的帮助他们改正错误，我们都要做一个诚实勇敢的人。

我真心的希望这世上的人们不要为了一时的虚荣而放弃做人的原则。

Despite I’ve not in my childhood yet, I still prefer reading fairy-tale stories. The tales, which accompany with me in my old days, often make me think of some precious experience and sensation which only belong to children. This summer I’ve review this kind of tale, which was published in 1940. It’s the world-famous fairy-tale by the French author, Antoine de St-Exupery, The Little Prince.

As many other fairy-tales, the outline of The Little Prince is not very complex. “I”, the narrator of the story, is a pilot whose plane has something wrong and lands in the Sahara. In this occasion, the pilot makes the acquaintance of the little prince, a little boy from another planet, the Asteroid B612. The little prince has escaped from his tiny planet, because he has some quarrel with a rose, which grows on his planet. In that case he left his own planet and took an exploration at some neighbor asteroids.

On his all-alone journey, the little prince meets different kinds of people, which includes a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. From these people he gets a conclusion that the grown-ups are very odd. Following the instruction of the geographer, he descends in the Sahara, on the earth.

Traveling on the earth, the little prince, who sees a garden of five-thousand roses, is overcome with astonishment and sadness, as he considers his rose is unique in the universe before. At that time a fox appears. The fox, who tell the little prince about the meaning of the word “tame”, becomes his new friend. At the time to say farewell, the fox makes him know that his rose is unique because she is his rose and tamed by him. From that the little prince begins to treasure friendship and be responsible to his rose.

At the anniversary day of his descent of the earth, rejecting the pilot’s advice, he goes back to his own planet by bite of a snake. “It’s too far. I can not carry this body with me. It’s too heavy.” he said. He tells his friend, the pilot, he must be responsible for his rose, so he has to go back. At the end the author doesn’t tell us the ending directly. Maybe it’s more significant for us to imagine, and for more, think over.

One of the important characters is the rose. Growing on the planet, she is very beautiful, but her coquetry and vanity suffer the little prince a lot. In spite of they love each other, he soon becomes unhappy. On the time of his departure, he just knows she certainly loves him. The character of the little prince actually represents the children, and their native thoughts and deeds. On the contrary, the inhabitants on the other planets, such as the king, the businessman and the conceited man, they also reflect the defects in the grown-up’s world. The real theme of this fairy-tale with a little sadness, I guess, is the consequence of pure love and friendship in our lives, but not others “matters of consequence” of the grown-ups.

I recently read Tom Sawyer adventures, the protagonist of the story is a boy named Tom Sawyer, he and his friends adventure, finally got a lot of property.

Let me the deepest impression with Tom and huck saw Indian Joe killed the scene of the doctor, and the Indian Joe is referred to the drunken neighbour muftah potter.

And afraid to expose the Indian Joe, at first, Tom and huck the oaths, can not say out. But porter was tried, because conscience uneasy, Tom brave stand out. Spoke at that time the doctor is how to die, for potter proves that he kills no one.

But Tom have a naughty side, such as Tom dreams lie to aunt polly, clearly is Tom in the night quietly overheard their talk to the home. Aunt polly so lose face in front of celine, Harper, but kind of aunt heard Toms rhetoric, forgiven Tom.

This book also let me know how many of the truth, a person should be brave, and see a wrongdoer should disclose; The person should be kind, even died for the sake of the other party; The person should have a dream, do not do the cage bird. I benefit a lot from it, a lifetime.

最近我读了汤姆索亚历险记，故事的主人公是一个名叫汤姆索亚的男孩，他和他的朋友们一起冒险，最后得到了一笔不小的财产。

让我印象最深刻的汤姆和哈克一起看见印第安人乔杀了大夫的场景，而印第安人乔却嫁祸给喝醉酒的穆夫波特。

起初，汤姆并不敢揭发印第安人乔，还和哈克发了誓，再也不说出来。可是波特被审判时，因为良心上的不安，汤姆勇敢的站了出来。说出了当时大夫是怎么死的，替波特证明了他没有杀人。

但是汤姆也有调皮的一面，例如汤姆托梦骗波莉姨妈，明明是汤姆在那天晚上悄悄的到家里偷听了她们的讲话。波莉姨妈因此在赛琳尼哈泼面前丢了面子，但是善良的姨妈听了汤姆的花言巧语，原谅了汤姆。

这本书也让我懂得了许多道理，做人应该勇敢，看到有做坏事的人就应该揭发;做人应该善良，即使遇难时为对方着想;做人应该有梦想，不做笼中的小鸟。它让我受益匪浅，令人终身难忘。

There are many parts I like:"The Ugly Duckling" tells of a homely little bird born in a barnyard who suffers abuse from his surroundings until, much to his delight (and to the surprise of others)， he matures into a beautiful swan, the most beautiful bird of all. The story is beloved around the world as a tale about personal transformation for the better." The Angel"?, which about an angel and a dead child gathering flowers to carry to Heaven, reminds us of the punishment which we would accumulate on the ill-use and under-use of our talents and situations.

"The Little Mermaid lifted her glorified eyes towards the sun, and felt them, for the first time, filling with tears.” The Mermaids sacrifice is not incidental, or because she made the mistake of loving a human, or because she wanted a soul, or be a complete human, or as her final rite of passage.

Obviously ,as human beings and ‘children of God’， we should possess the essential goodness. The fairy tales show us about the importance of kindness, of perseverance, of obedience which we should follow in life.

I love the theme of Andersens Fairy tales : "There is no love greater than this: That someone gives his life for his friend." It also points out the importance of wisdom in a persons life. we can see more important aspects of life.

在浩瀚的知识海洋里,我读过很多书,但唯独对我影响至深的是《西游记》一书,它出自吴承恩爷爷笔下,这本书是我们中华民族的文化精髓,也是闻名中外的一部中国国粹。

《西游记》里的人物最让我佩服的要数孙悟空了,一路上他扬善除恶,打抱不平,彰显了他毫不畏惧,英勇正义的性格特点。书中的许多故事情节深受读者着迷:三打白骨精、智斗二郎神、三借笆蕉扇、大闹天宫……其中,我印象最深的是三打白骨精。白骨精为了吃上唐僧肉,三次化身一家人来诱惑欺骗天性善良的唐僧进入她设好的圈套,但都被孙悟空的火眼金睛一一识破,还被孙悟空一一打死。大慈大悲的唐僧认为孙悟空打死了三条人命,对孙悟空狠念紧箍咒,并坚决赶走了孙悟空。孙悟空苦苦哀求要留下保护唐僧师傅,终因无法挽回师傅逐走之心,便回花果山去了……之后,故亊一波三折,唐僧师傅被白骨精抓了,明白了真相后被孙悟空救了,才知道是错怪了孙悟空。从这些情节中,让我明白了什么是真善美,什么是假恶丑,什么是正义,也让我真正学会了要有打抱不平的勇气!

记得有一次,我来到学校门口,看见满巷的小商小贩把巷子挤得水泄不通,各种小吃玲琅满目,吸引着同学们的胃口,但我仔细观察,有一个小商贩卖的是劣质食品。心想:小商贩为了谋取利益,不顾及学生的安全,竟然做出缺德的事。想到这,我气不打一处来,毅然决然地打一出“头号战”。于是,我走上前去,态度坚定地说:“叔叔,你这卖的是劣质的食品,已经过期变质了,要是吃进同学们的肚子里,会严重地影响同学们的健康。你不能为了一己之利而损害他人的身体健康,这样不符合社会公德,希望你立刻把劣质食品收起来,不要再卖了。”小商贩看着我一副小大人的模样,脸一下子刷得红了,不好意思地推起小推车走了……这时的我全身充满着正义感,不禁为自己的勇气喝彩。

《西游记》唤起了人们心灵深处的那份美好的纯真与善良,让世界每个角落都充满着满满的正能量!

One of the most interesting questions about gullivers travels is whether the houyhnhnms represent an ideal of rationality or whether on the other hand they are the butt of swifts satire. in other words, in book iv,is swift poking fun at the talking horses or does he intend for us to take them seriously as the proper way to act? If we look closely at the way that the houyhnhnms act,we can see that in fact swift does not take them seriously:he uses them to show the dangers of pride.

First we have to see that swift does not even take gullver seriously. for instance,his name sounds much like gullible,which suggests that he will believe anything. also, when he first sees the yahoos and they throw excrement on him,he responds by doing the same in return until they run away.He says, “I must needs discover some more rational being,” even though as a human he is already the most rational being there is. This is why swift refers to erasmus darwins discovery of the origin of the species and the voyage of the beagle to show how gulliver knows that people are at the top of the food chain.But if lemule gulliver is satirized,so are the houyhnhnms,whose voices sound like the call of castrati.

They walk on two legs instead of four, and seem to be much like people.As gulliver says, “it was with the utmost astonishment that I witnessed these creatures playing the flute and dancing a vienese waltz.To my mind,they seemed like the greatest humans ever seen in court,even more dextrous than the lord edmund burke.”As this quote demonstrates,gulliver is terribly impressed,but his admiration for the houyhnhnms is short lived because they are so prideful.For instance,the leader of the houyhnhnms claims that he has read all the works of charles dickens,and that he can singlehandedly recite the names of all the kings and queens of england up to george ii.Swift subtly shows that this houyhnhnms pride is misplaced when,in the middle of the intellectual competition,he forgets the name of queen elizabeths husband.

Swifts satire of the houyhnhnms comes out in other ways as well.One of the most memorable scenes is when the dapple grey mare attempts to woo the horse that guenivre has brought with him to the island. first she acts flirtatiously,parading around the bewildered horse.But when this does not have the desired effect,she gets another idea: “as I watched in amazement from my perch in the top of a tree,the sorrel nag dashed off and returned with a yahoo on her back who was yet more monstrous than mr.Pope being fitted by a clothier.She dropped this creature before my nag as if offering up a sacrifice.My horse sniffed the creature and turned away.”

It might seem that we should take this scene seriously as a failed attempt at courtship,and that consequently we should see the grey mare as an unrequited lover.But it makes more sense if we see that swift is being satiric here:It is the female houyhnhnm who makes the move,which would not have happened in eighteenth century england. the houyhnhm is being prideful,and it is that pride that makes him unable to impress gullivers horse. gulliver imagines the horse saying,sblood,the notion of creating the bare backed beast with an animal who had held mr.Pope on her back makes me queezy.

A final indication that the houyhnmns are not meant to be taken seriously occurs when the leader of the houynhms visits lilliput,where he visits the french royal society.He goes into a room in which a scientist is trying to turn wine into water (itself a prideful act that refers to the marriage at gallilee).

The scientist has been working hard at the experiment for many years without success,when the houyhnmn arrives and immediately knows that to do: “the creature no sooner stepped through the doorway than he struck upon a plan. slurping up all the wine in sight, he quickly made water in a bucket that sat near the door.”

He has accomplished the scientists goal,but the scientist is not happy,for his livelihood has now been destroyed.Swifts clear implication is that even though the houyhnhmns are smart,they do not know how to use that knowledge for the benefit of society,only for their own prideful agrandizement.

Throughout gullivers travels,the houyhnhms are shown to be an ideal gone wrong.Though their intent might have been good,they dont know how to do what they want to do because they are filled with pride.They mislead gulliver and they even mislead themselves.The satire on them is particularly well explained by the new born houyhnhm who,having just been born, exclaims,“with this sort of entrance,what must I expect from the rest of my life!”