中考英语书面表达写作技巧课件（热门20篇）

i like my school life very much,it is very interesting.i usually reach school at half past seven.then we do morning exercises at eight oclock.we have eight lessons every day.the lesson begin at a quarter past eight.my favourite subject is english.i can get a lot of english knowledge from our teacher.our teacher are very good-natured.they are always kind to us.i also like our outdoor activities.when we have outdoor activities,everyone in the playground is active and lively.how happy we are in our beautiful school!i love the life in my school!

导语：英语作文也是需要日积月累的练习的，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. We re often told that ......But is this really the case ?

我们经常被告知......但事实真是这样吗?

2. People used to ......however , things are quite different today .

过去，人们习惯......但,今天的情况有很大的不同。

3.some people think that ......Others believe that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that ......

一些人认为......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理。但是我们必须认识到......

4.Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .

认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。

5. It is another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .

这是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。

6. In short , we must work hard to make the world a better place .

简而言之，为了把世界变成更美好的地方，我们必须勤奋工作。

7.Lost time is never found again.

岁月既往，一去不回。

8.Everybody should have a dream.

每个人都该有个梦想.

9.Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。

10.Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

11.Lets look on the bright side.

让我们往好处想吧。

（一）怎样写事

一是把“经过”部分分成几个阶段，然后按照先后顺序一层一层地写得清楚。写的时候多文几个“后来怎样”，文章就具体了。

二是注意材料的详略，有所侧重。对一些重要的过程、场面要细致描绘，使读者有如身临其境。

三是对事件中的人物，特别是主要人物，当时是“怎么说的”、“怎么做的”，又是“怎么想的”，一定要写具体。

（二）怎样写活动

活动都是有目的、有形式、有过程的。搞什么活动？为什么搞活动？则眼搞活动？活动的结果怎样？都要写清楚。写活动也要求写清楚“六要素”，要把活动的时间、地点、人物和活动开始、经过、结果写出来。 在整个活动当中，不是写一个人，二是写一群人；不是用一两件事来写人物，而是通过写一个活动场面，来表现人物的精神面貌。写活动的记叙文，最大的特点就是必须有活动的基本内容、主要过程和重要场面。把印象最深刻的内容作为重点，把自己看到的、听到的、亲身经历的主要部分记叙下来，采用点面结合的方法，既要写好群体活动，又要把个体代表写进去；既要写整个场面，又要突出典型人物。

写活动的文章一般包括两大部分：一是活动的经过，二是自己的感受。如果写“参观”活动，就要用“观一处，感一处”的方法。写整个活动的过程，要用顺叙法，即按活动的先后顺序，把活动时间、地点、人物及活动的经过和结果依次写出来。

一、道理论据：

1、逆境是检验强者和弱者的试金石，也是造就英雄豪杰的先决条件。——箴言

2、逆境也有它的好处，就像丑陋而有毒的蟾蜍，它的头上却顶着一颗珍贵的宝石。——沙士比亚

3、莫道浮云终蔽日，严冬过尽绽春蕾。大雪压青松，青松挺且直。——陈毅 更多资料尽在233网校中考网。

二、事实论据：

1、越王勾践卧薪尝胆。与命运抗争的张海迪。钢铁是怎样炼成的。

2、司马迁写《史记》，公元前110年，汉朝的史官司马谈在临终时交代自己的儿子司马迁：做史官时，不要忘记自己所要写的史书。司马迁哭着答应了父亲的请求。这就是要写作《史记》。可是，在他着手写《史记》不久，就被牵连进了李陵案件。因为李陵与匈奴打仗，战败后投降了匈奴，汉武帝大为生气，司马迁为安慰汉武帝，就说李陵可能是假设降，汉武帝认为李是替李陵说情，就把他设进监狱，并施以严酷的刑罚——腐刑。遭些打击，他曾萌发出自杀的念头，但他想到父亲的遗愿，他含垢忍辱，历经20年，终于完成了《史记》。

半命题作文，是指命题者只提供一个不完整的作文命题，下面是小编整理的2017年中考作文指导：半命题的补题技巧，欢迎阅读。

补题是半命题作文至关重要的一步，补题质量的优劣直接影响到半命题作文水平的高低。具体来说，半命题作文的补题，应遵循如下几条原则：

(1)扬长避短，熟悉为先。

每个考生所擅长写作的文体往往是不同的，惟有扬长避短，方能奏凯考场。近年来各地的考场作文，对文体一般都不作限制，考生要充分利用这一点，补题时根据自己的文体特长，选填相宜的词语，将半命题化为自己最拿手文体的全命题来运营文思。

考场作文是一种“速成”作文，很难有充裕的时间来选材、构思。因此，考生在补题时，所选择的词语，应与自己平时库存较为丰富的生活经历相契合;所确定的内容，须是自己较为熟悉、感受较为深刻的生活事件或情感体验。因为只有写自己熟悉的人和事，才能有话可说、有情可抒、有感可发。如2001年河南题 “我深深感受到了____”，题目要求中列出的可供选填的词语有“成功的喜悦”、“失败的痛苦”、“集体的温暖”、“家庭的温馨”、“友谊的可贵、“诚实的可敬”、“虚伪的可鄙”等(也可不受以上词语限制，自行选词填补)，很显然，任何一位考生对上述诸种情感体验不可能有着同样程度的感知、拥有同样深刻的感受，这时他们就必须“趋熟避生”。

(2)创新求异，独树一帜。

为半命题作文补题，最易题目雷同、题材“撞车”，为避免这一点，考生在补题时，要充分运作求异思维。选词所表现的内容，最好是别人不曾经历过、不曾想到过、不曾抒写过，甚或根本遇不到、想不起、写不出的。为此，应尽量选择自己亲身经历过或是发生在自己身边的生活事件，尽量避开那些人人皆知的素材。如果考题没有强制一定要从提示语中选词，最好跳出提示，另选新词补题。如2004年河南卷文题一“我与____(小草、春天、智者、母亲等)的对话”，多数考生从提示语中选择“春天”、“智者”、“母亲”等词，但有一位考生却自出机杼，将文题补为“我和崇高的对话”，抒写自己一次真实而独特的心路历程，呼唤崇高人格的回归，充满情趣、理趣。

文有鲜腐之分，题有新俗之别。而题目的新俗在某种程度上决定着内容的鲜腐。半命题作文补题应打破惯有的思维定势，全方位、多角度地运动思维。思维发散得越开，联想和想像越奇特，则与其他考生的区分度就越高，内容就越新颖鲜活，文章就越能独树一帜。

(3)力避空泛，小处切入。

补题虚空浮泛、大而无当，是半命题作文又一高发的“写作事故”。中考作文，字数要求一般在600左右。要在如此短的篇幅中，写深写透一个主题，诚非易事。因此补题时就应“就实避空”，因为题目越空泛，相应地写作范围就越广，选材、组材的难度也就越大。半命题作文命题中设置的思维空白，为考生展开自由联想提供了一个广阔空间，可补入空白处的词语很多很多，一些考生往往就拿捏不准，如2005年无锡市作文题“精彩____(一幕、瞬间、人生等)”，按说以提示语中的“一幕”、“瞬间”入题，也非常不错，然而却有考生为了“创新”，将文题补成“精彩世界”、“精彩世纪”之类，范围越扩越大，文题越变越虚，最后写出来的文章大而空、虚而浮，事与愿违。

因此，要写好半命题作文，最好“小口径切入”，题目不要补得过大。如2005年济南卷文题一“拥抱____”，很多考生如此补题——“拥抱地球”、 “拥抱美德”、“拥抱生命”，等等。不是说这样的题目不可以写，而是说因为它们涵盖范围过大，写起来较难把握，容易流于泛泛而谈。如果将“地球”缩小为 “绿地”、将“美德”缩小为“宽容”、将“生命”缩小为“青春”之类，经营起来，可能难度会变得小一些。有一种以具体事物入题的补题方法，可有效地缩小写作范围。如2000年昆明题“我好想_____”，很多考生就采用此法，拟出了“我好想栽一棵苹果树”、“我好想去草原”、“我好想拥有一间书房”等范围具体的题目，降低了写作的难度系数。

(4)搭配得当，合乎逻辑。

选词补题，应注意词语之间搭配得当，合乎逻辑。首先，要合乎生活逻辑。如写作半命题作文“我第一次_____”，若补填“哭”、“淘气”、“做梦” 之类，就不符合生活事理。因为这些事情大都发生在人的婴幼儿时期，是难以界定“第一”的;而如果换成“领奖”、“说谎”、“远行”等词，则因为其在考生脑海留下的深刻印象，情理皆通。

其次，补题要前后照应，合乎题旨。如2001年唐山题“____谢谢你”，揣摩题旨，横线上所填内容当与“你”照应，应补填称呼或姓名，如“老师，谢谢你”、“对手，谢谢你”等。然而却有考生没有看出题目中的这种对应关系，填成了“辛苦了，谢谢你”、“再一次，谢谢你”等，明显与题旨相悖。相反，2005年厦门题“那一次，我读懂了____”，考场上一篇满分作文补的词语是“坦然”，文章写自己在与历经坎坷却豪迈依旧的大文豪李白、苏轼的对话中，领悟到笑对挫折的人生真谛。作者显然非常准确地破译出了命题者隐含在文题空白处的命题意图，所补词语，既切中题旨，又与文题中的修饰语“那一次”和动词谓语“读懂了”形成了和谐的搭配关系。

(5)思想健康，拓深主题。

中考作文，对文章思想的健康性和主题的深刻性也有着相当的要求。考生在文章中，应该尽量展现当代青年积极进取、昂然向上的精神风貌，唱响时代的主旋律。这里所说的思想健康，并不是要考生喊口号、说大话、唱高调，而是说文章所表现的内容，必须体现文化和文明的正确走向，符合健康的价值观和审美观，反映建设“和谐社会”的时代潮流，力避消极、颓废、暴力和享乐主义思想。如2005年深圳题“_____的味道”，应该说这是一个蕴涵很深的半命题，完全可以补出夺人眼球的好题目。然而令人遗憾的是，竟有考生补填“打麻将”、“抽烟”、“自杀”等词语，显而易见，这样的题目，内容是消极的，思想是不健康的，与正确的主题背道而驰，犯了方向性错误。

半命题作文题目补填的词语不同，主题揭示的深刻度也会有所不同。考生要想从作文考场上披锦而归，还必须学会开动真情和想像的钻头，向思维深处钻探、挖掘。大凡文章的主题，都可分为浅、中、深三个不同的层次，开挖时切忌浅尝辄止。仍以深圳题“_____的味道”为例，此文补题若停留在“物”的层次或 “感官”的层次，补填“西瓜”、“咖啡”、“冰激凌”之类，就滋味写滋味，必然俗气浅薄;若紧扣“味道”的涵义，往深处开掘，进入“事”的层次或“体悟” 的层次，补填“得奖”、“挨批”、“失败”等词，虽仍然平淡无奇，毕竟深刻多了;若再掘一锄，进入“情”的层次或“想像”的层次，补填“母爱”、“阳光”、“飞翔”等内容，兴许就能别开洞天，胜人一筹。

文题补写好了，文章也就变成命题作文了，这时同学们就可以按照命题作文的要求，动笔写作了。

【预测题目】

假如你是Han Mei，下面是一封你的笔友Alice 给你发来的e-mail，请你根据e-mail 的内容给她写一封回信，与她交流看法，并帮她排忧解难。

提示词语：listen to，mother’s love，care about，communicate with，get along with，smile

写作要求：

语句通顺，书写工整;

可用所给提示词语，也可以适当发挥;

词数在60-80左右。

Dear Han Mei，

I’m afraid I’ve got a big problem recently. My mother talks too much to me. She always tells me," Be careful while crossing the street.”“Put on more clothes.”“Did you do a good job at school?” And so on. I’m annoyed(烦恼). What shall I do?

Alice

【参考范文】

Dear Alice，

As a teenager,I met the same problem as you. But now I can get along better with my mother. Here are some ideas for you.

Your mother talks much, because she cares about you. Maybe it’s not a good way, but it shows your mother’s love. So I think you should listen to her. If your opinions are different from your mother’s，you can communicate with her, and tell her what you are thinking about. If your mother doesn’t take your advice，just keep silent and give her a smile.

I hope what I say here can help you a lot.

Yours

Han Mei

【参考译文】

亲爱的爱丽丝，

作为一个少年，我遇到了和你一样的问题。但现在我可以更好地与我的母亲。这里有一些想法给你。

你妈妈说话多，因为她在乎你。也许这不是一个好方法，但它显示了你母亲的爱。所以我认为你应该听她的。如果你的意见和你母亲的不同，你可以和她交流，告诉她你在想什么。如果你的妈妈不接受你的建议，保持沉默，给她一个微笑。

我希望我在这里说的能帮到你很多。

你的好朋友，

韩梅

导语：一张张温情卡片传递着的是正能量。因为有了路人对收报老人的关爱，才令老人心生感激;因为有了老人对路人的关爱，才有了这一张张承载着温情与感动的卡片，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

在城市街头，我们都曾遇到过拾捡废品的老人，他们为补贴家用拾捡废品变卖，不过北京地铁站口一名自称为“四惠大爷”的老人却很特别。近日，有网民将“四惠大爷”发放感谢卡一事发上微博，一时之间吸引了众多网民关注，网民们都被这名可爱的老人感动了。他为了感谢平日送给他报纸的陌生人，便亲手制作了一张卡片，发放给进入地铁的市民。路人每给这位“四惠大爷”送一份看过的报纸，大爷都会深深鞠一躬，双手接过报纸，说声谢谢，并递上这样一个感恩卡。“再怎么着急，也别忘了吃早饭”“大家每天都给我报纸，感谢你”……卡片上朴素的语言，令许多网友感动得“泪奔”，有网友评论说：“这寻常的感恩和热心，这么简单而强烈”，“拿到卡片心里暖暖的”。这种来自普通人细致入微的温情语言再次将路人感动。

【运用指导】

一张张温情卡片传递着的是正能量。因为有了路人对收报老人的关爱，才令老人心生感激;因为有了老人对路人的关爱，才有了这一张张承载着温情与感动的卡片，这正是爱的循环，也是和谐的基础。点亮一盏心灯，照亮他人的同时，也温暖了自己，这就是正能量传递的结果。由此，素材可以运用到“正能量”“传递”“和谐”等话题当中。“四惠大爷”只是地铁站一个普普通通的收报老人，但就是这样一个平凡的老人，以他不平凡的温情卡片让无数都市人为之感动。温暖人心不一定要轰轰烈烈，简单、真诚一样能温暖人心!由此，素材可以运用到“简单与平凡”“感动”“真诚”等话题当中。

这是一个让人可亲可敬的老人。他用自己的一举一动诠释了那些越来越被现代人忽视的待人接物的传统美德。用双手接过报纸，向对方深鞠躬，并真诚地道一声“谢谢”，这些容易被我们忽略的细节流露出一个老者良好的素养。由此，素材可以运用到“传统美德”“细节”“感恩”等话题当中。

【运用方向】

(1)传递正能量;(2)素养;(3)和谐;(4)简单与平凡;(5)感动;(6)真诚;(7)细节。

写作是—种复杂的思维活动，在高考作文写作的过程中，谋篇布局、文字功夫固然很重要，但形成文字之前的思维技巧更为重要。

作文思维是一个多元的、立体的、复杂的思维过程。常用的思维方法有顺向思维和逆向思维、发散思维和收敛思维、纵向思维和横向思维、线性思维和非线性思维、对称思维和非对称思维、静态思维和动态思维等。这些思维方法贯穿于写作的全过程，我们应当研究思维技法，努力将这些思维方法灵活地运用于作文中，使思路活跃，文思泉涌。

下面，我们择要介绍一些思维技巧。

一、顺向思维

顺向思维是一种从人类已有的成果出发，以人类已有的成果为思维原点，又创造性地推动着人类已有成果向前发展的思维方法。具体的表现形式有三种：一是创造性地运用人类已有的成果；二是对人类已有成果进行创造性的完善三是创造性地深化人类已有的成果。

作为写作中的顺向思维，是指在写作思考的过程中，思维循着命题者的意图、指向去思考。在写作过程中，循着命题者的指向思考，并从正面考虑问题的答案，这样有利于培养思维的求同性。你也可以有所创新，但必须在原材料思维前进的方向上发展创新。

二、逆向思维 逆向思维也叫反向思维法、反弹琵琶法。所谓逆向思维，就是对某一问题抛开它所提供的条件和思路导向；换一个角度向其反面去思考，以获得与原材料截然不同的意义，得出不同凡俗、富有创意的思维结果。

三、求异思维 人们往往习惯于认识事物的某一面，而忽略了与之相反的另一面，因此，这就留给了人们思考的另一空间。运用求异思维的方式，打破从来如此的思维定势，独辟蹊径，反其道而思之，往往有新颖独到的发现，进而写出好的文章.

四、原点思维 原点思维是指以某一原有事物为原点，围绕其所进行的继承借鉴、发扬深化、寻找原因和解决问题的一种思维方式。有人说。原点思维就是从思维的原出发点考虑问题。

五、发散思维 发散思维又称辐射思维放射思维多向思维扩散思维，它是从多种角度去思考探索问题，寻找多样性解决问题的思维方式。发散思维的特点是：充分发挥人的想象力，突破原有的知识因，从一点向四面八方想开去，井通过知识、观念的重新组合，寻找更新更多的设想、答案或方法。发散思维是一种多方面、多角度、多层次的思维方法，具有大胆独创、不受现有知识和传统观念局限和束缚的特性，因此很有可能从已知导向未知，获得创造结果。

六、辨证思维 辩证思维是指用全面、发展、变化的眼光看待事物，透过大量繁复庞杂的现象认清事物本质的思维方法，实际上就是以辩证法为其观念基础的思维认识方法。

[高中语文作文创新写作技巧指导

Dear John,

I am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city. After all these

years of writing to each other, I can not wait to see you. However, I regret to

inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time.

The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the

earliest I can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land. Will you

please wait for me in the arrival lounge? You can have breakfast while you

wait.

By the way, as we have never met I must tell you home to identify me: I am

of 165cm tall and have a long hair. In addition, I will wear a white skirt and

carry a China Daily at hand.

Hope we can meet soon.

Sincerely yours,

Alice

Dear Kate:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe”

which I read through with great interest. I had finished reading the book and

was about to return it when my cousin came to see me. Never having seen the

book, She was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer. However, I

hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will

overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner. Thanking you again for the

loan.

Sincerely yours,

英语期中考试优秀作文：Hw t sta health（4篇）

If u want t sta health,u shuld eat re fruit and vegetables.If u want t eep health,u shuldnt eat t uch fried fd.We ust chage ur bad habits.And u shuld have enugh exercise ever da.I thin in this wa,we can eep health.

——孙xx

Health is ver iprtant t us.We shuld be health.If u want t be health,u shuld have enugh exercise,eat health fd and have a gd tietable.I used t watch a lt f TV ever da.But nw I dnt wacth uch TV an lnger.I exercise regularl.S,thats wh I ver health.

——王xx

Ever peple want t eep healeh.But a lt f peple are unhealth because the dnt have a gd diet and the dnt have enugh sleep.If u want t sta health,u shuld nt eat t uch fried fd.u shuld eat se vegetables instead.And u shuld g t bed earl and get up earl.The st iprtant ting is t exercise rugularl.But I dnt have enugh exercise,s I shuld exercise ever da.In this wa,I can sta health.

——毛xx

We shuld sta health.Staing health is iprtant.But hw can we sta health?If we want t sta health,we shuld eat a lt f fruit and vegetables.If we want t sta health,we shuld drin enugh water ever da.If we want t sta health,dnt frget exercise.We shuld exercise regularl ever da.In fact,we can sta health in an different was.Fruit,vegetables,water and enugh exercise are useful t help us t sta health.We als shuld have gd habits.I used t eat a lt f sweets.But nw I dnt eat t an sweets an lnger.Nw I health and teeth are health,t.S if u have bad habits,u shuld change bad habits quicl.If u want t sta health,it will be iprtant t change bad habits.Lets sta health,shall we?

——朱xx

动笔之前先列提纲

写记叙文要设计好开头结尾，同时要把你叙述的事情分成几个层次，一个层次是一段，中间如果能设置好一个过渡句或过渡段更好。列提纲的时候，一定要把开头结尾写详细些，中间各段，穿插哪些精彩的话语或名言俗语、诗词典故，要写准。一个合格的学生，列提纲，大约5分钟到8分钟。

篇幅争取要写满

一般来说，中考高考作文要求都不低于600-800字。如果要求是600字左右，那就顶多写到700字。争取合理安排卷面，把给的卷面写满到95%左右。譬如中考作文不低于600字，试卷给的卷面多是800字左右，那么，你争取写到780字，留下最后一两行。

字迹是得分关键

任何形式的作文考试，阅卷老师打分时，第一眼，看的是字迹。因此，写作文必须要把字写好。记住，考作文考的是内容，而不是书法，切忌字迹潦草。

首尾两行半

除了忌八九行的行文外，“大头作文”也要不得。建议考生在写作文的时候，开头结尾占两行半，顶多不能超过三行半。视觉会有瞬间的疲劳，也会影响阅卷老师的情绪。

想好主题和文体

写作文，要么是记叙文，要么是议论文。一般来说，多是“总-分-总”结构。记叙文的结尾要注意抒情和总结哲理，议论文最好是“1-3-1”或者“1-4-1”结构，中间的3或4，是分层解题。当然也可以灵活采用夹叙夹议的手法。但是注意，千万别议论文说了那么多事例却不归纳主题，记叙文忘记说事却议论过多。因此，写考试作文，事先要想好了。

吸引人的标题

好的题目非常重要，如果能达到让人眼前一亮的感觉，多加一两分绝对是没有问题的。考试作文中，一般都是由考生自己来拟定题目，题目不宜太长和太短。

考前备料攒信息

考试前，建议考生翻阅大量的范文，积累一些考试作文的结构。可以把写作的梗概和套路归纳出来，可以分别背个三五句。

段落分明，干净整洁

考试作文中，要注意及时分段，三四个段落显得少了，八九个段落，显得琐碎了些。除非有特殊情况，段落以5～6段为好。此外，卷面一定要整洁，不要涂改得乱七八糟。

导语：我们大家都知道，每个公民都有维护好自己权益的义务，所以日常生活中发生一些小摩擦我们当然要理智的去处理，那么投诉信是不是一个很好的办法呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Dear_______,

I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.

The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).

I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).

Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

一.开头技巧

⑴欲扬先抑，开发胃口

唉，老师怎么让我和他坐一个桌呢?她可是我班最凶的女生啦!就因为这，大伙都叫她"虎妞"。--《同桌》

⑵开门见山，直截了当

我和阿敏的交情可不一般--初中三年的同桌。对她，我有一肚子的话要说。--《同桌》

⑶描形绘神，印象逼真

她，长得真丑：黄瘦的脸;尖尖的下巴;淡得几乎看不见的眉毛下，一双细眯的眼睛;鼻子扁而大;一口参差不齐的牙齿，略有黄色……唉!甭提了，她的外表真不符合这么动听的名字--祝丽丽。--《同桌》

⑷自然交代，平引下文

新学期一开始，我就注意到一个问题：我们班三十三名男生，二十七名女生，男生两人一桌恰好多一名，女生亦如此，必将出现一个男生和一个女生同坐一桌的危机。可万万没想到这个危机会降临到我的头上。--《同桌》

⑸歌词开头，响彻云际

"明天你是否会想起/昨天你写的日记/明天你是否会惦起/曾经最爱哭的你……"一曲悠扬的《同桌的你》从路边音像书店传了出来，那带着绵绵情思的乐曲，把我的思绪带回了三年前的时光……--《同桌》

⑹排比反复，创造旋律

朋友，就是我可以为他献出真挚情感的人;朋友，就是我可以对他付出全部信任的人;朋友，欢乐时与我分享，危难时与我同行。人生中没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光。我就有着这样的一个好朋友。--《朋友》

⑺设问开篇，无沿无边

往事如烟，随着时光的流逝，大都渐渐淡忘，而那双眼睛，怎能使我忘怀?--《朋友》

⑻名言指路，开宗明义

培根说过："无真实朋友之人，可以谓之真可怜而永陷于孤独生活之人。"他的话道出了朋友的重要。是的，假如一个人丧失了友情，他简直无法生存在世界上。--《朋友》

⑼对比映衬，突出重点

随着岁月的流逝，许多人渐渐被我淡忘了，然而，有那么一双眼睛，一种声音一个身影，至今萦绕在我的心头，久久不能忘怀。--《朋友》

⑽倒叙开头，吸引读者

当我们乘着离开国防教育学校的时候，不知道为什么，泪水竟然在我的眼眶里打转。难道是留恋吗?是留恋那一段虽苦虽累但充满活力的生活，还是留恋那待人苛刻却真诚亲切的军人，我们的教官?--《朋友》

⑾拨乱反正，拨云见日

有人说，淡泊就是看破红尘，看透一切，认为一切都是假的、虚伪的……这种看法是对淡泊的曲解。如果我们翻一下词典就会明白，"淡泊"是不追求名利的意思……--《淡泊》

⑿泰山压顶，观点强现

目前，校园攀比之风肆虐，我认为这种风气确实需要刹一刹。--《攀比风，可休矣》

⒀联想象征，奇妙无穷

一个梦，曾经在西方强盗的炮舰下埋葬，留下的是老一辈辛酸是泪珠不止的心痛和望眼欲穿的期盼作为见证。伴随着流泪的长江长大的我们也就少年已尝愁滋味，踩着前辈留下的印证期待，期待着有那么一天……--《期待》

⒁环境描写，渲染气氛

十月九日又到了，鲁迅先生已经逝世六十年了。从傍晚到子夜，静静地，一个人坐在窗前，任冷雨打着窗棂。灯下一盆吊兰淡淡地涂抹一壁翠色书柜。夜风荡起，身上微微泛起寒意。想起了鲁迅先生，泪水就滑落下来。

⒂题记为冠，哲理为先

世间万物皆难逃自然辩证法，孰是孰非，孰优孰劣，孰喜孰忧，岂可一言以蔽之?--《假如记忆可以移植》

⒃博览群书，信手拈来

据说，在非洲的原野上，有一种食虫的花朵，色彩绚丽，芳香异常，许多飞虫抵御不了"诱惑"而葬身其中……--《抵御"诱惑"》

暮色中，几缕炊烟从农舍里袅袅升起。我捧着一束栀子花，站在张老师的窗前。张老师，您还是那样忙碌?该歇歇了吧，今天是您的节日--教师节。我带着我的收获来看您来了。--《琐忆》

⒅以物喻人，含义深长

在一望无际的旷野上，一棵古老的树，虽然生命已到了最后一刻，但它仍然倔强的生长着。在它的身旁，一棵小树正在抽出嫩嫩的芽。老树的根枯了，它把生命的汁液输给了小树;老树的叶黄了，它把绿色的生命注入了小树。老树历经沧桑，走完了它艰难的历程。如今，小树刚刚抽枝吐叶，老树却离开了它……这正像外公离开了我，他来不及接受我对他的报答之情，就匆匆离开了我。--《琐忆》

⒆解题铺陈，明示中心

责任，就是一个人分内应该做的事。军人，有保家卫国的责任;医生，有救死扶伤的责任;教师，有培养接班人的责任。工人、农民、职员、商人……人人都有自己的责任。在我们的社会里，各行各业都有许多尽职尽责的人，他们组成了一道道最美的风景--请允许我，从这道道美丽的风景画卷中撷取一幅动人的画面吧。

⒇设置矛盾，引人入胜

"我就不信，你在这个班生活了两年多，对这个集体就会没有一点感情?……"这是今天早晨班主任陈老师对我说的话。我望着陈老师愤怒的目光，委屈的眼泪直在眼眶里打转，心理说："陈老师，你误会了……我怎么能不爱我们的班级体呢?"

题目：请以“saving water”为题，并根据以下提示写一篇不少于60单词的作文。

saving water

1 what do we use water for?

2 why water is very important in our daily life?

3 how do we save water?

参考范文

as we all know, water is essential in our daily life. we drink water every day, we use water to wash things and cook food, we also use water to make machines. people cant live without water.

我们都知道水对于日常生活的重要性。我们每天喝水，用水洗东西和烹制食物，我们还用水来制造机器。离开水，人类就无法存活。

though about 75% of the earth is covered with water, only 3% of it is fresh water. so we must save water by having a shower instead of a bath. we can save water by fixing dripping taps immediately and we can also save water by not washing under a running tap.

虽然地球75%都被水覆盖，但其中只有3%是淡水。所以我们应该用淋浴代替泡澡来节约水，同时及时修好滴水的水龙头，并且不要开着水龙头洗东西。

话题作文的评价标准分为基础等级和发展等级两个级别。在“基础等级”中，从题意、文体、思想感情、中心内容、结构语言、书写标点六个方面提出了基本要求;在“发展等级”中，从深刻、丰富、有文采、有创新四个方面提出了评价标准，鼓励学生在作文中创新。

由于话题作文有开放性等特点，一些考生以为话题作文没有严格的要求，不重视审题，随意为文的现象较多。具体说来有这样几种情况：①审题不准，甚至脱离话题;②拟题不动脑筋，有的在话题的后面加“之我见”三字或直接用话题作标题;③误以为“文体自选”是不讲文体，文章写得“四不像”;④思想贫乏，内容空洞无物，不愿在“深刻”上下功夫;⑤照搬照套自己读过的文章，有抄袭之嫌，如2001年以“诚信”为话题，有些考生就将《读者》(2001年第13期)中的《玉》改为自己的作文搬上试卷;还有语言贫乏、语句不通、书写潦草、标点不当等毛病，都值得考生注意。

我们了解了话题作文的特点，接下来就要了解往届考生作文的不足，避免重犯类似的毛病，还要加强针对性的训练。

1.注重积累思想、积累生活，力求作文有一定的深度。高三学生应该关注社会，多读书，广泛储备写作素材。多找一些话题来思考：如教育、奉献、机遇、青春、财富、竞争、成功、素质、人生、环境、资源、网络等，平时有积累、有感受，考时就有可能正常发挥或超水平发挥。

2.加强审题、立意训练。话题作文虽然不像命题作文那样规定过死，但宽也不是漫无边际，宽也有“度”。写话题作文，必须弄清话题的意思、范围。作文立意即确立写作意向，“意”就是文章的主旨，主旨要求正确、深刻、鲜明、新颖。因此，在立意训练中要尽可能多地想出好的立意，然后多中选优，优中选深，深中选新。

3.学会拟标题。题目自拟，给考生提供了一次显示才华的机会。题目像人的前额和眼睛一样重要。题目是给评卷人的第一个印象。拟题要考虑自己所选定的文体和储备的素材以及驾驭的能力。拟题应避免陈题、大而不当的题、太一般化的题。

4.逐条落实“基础等级”要求，重点训练“发展等级”要求。作文评分标准中“基础等级”列出了六项要求，是高中毕业生作文应达到的一般要求。“发展等级”提出了四个方面的要求：深刻、丰富、有文采、有创新，这是作文的较高要求。现在评卷时一般采用“一点给分法”，这四个方面，只要有一个方面十分突出，就可以评10分。对于“发展等级”的10分，我们一定要下气力争取全得或多得。

另外，卷面一定要整洁，书写一定要工整，不要写漏了标题，不要写错别字。考场作文，一定要想好才动笔，不要写几行划掉又重来。

[话题作文的写作方法技巧

小学阶段不同年级的作文有不同要求和写作技巧小学英语写作指导小学英语写作指导。

对于小学3年级的学生，在他们已经掌握好了如颜色(colour)、衣服(clothes)、数字(number)、星期(day of the week)、月份(month)、宠物(pet)、情感(feeling)、身体部位(body)、文具(school things)的基础上进行文章的填空，如果学生能够按照文章的要求写进相关的信息，那就已经很不错了。下面是一个自我介绍的简单例子：

Myself

Hello，my name is_____. I am_____years old.My favourite colour is_____，_____， and_____.My favourite pet is______，_____ and______. My favourite food is_____，______and______.My favourite day is______. My favourite school thing is______and______.My favourite number is and______.I am______today.

上面的这个例子，如果学生能够依次能吧自己的姓名、年龄、喜欢的颜色、喜欢的宠物、喜欢的食物、喜欢的日子、喜欢的文具、喜欢的数字和今天的心情准确无误地写出来，那么就已经能够完成了3年级阶段的作文要求。

对于4年级的学生，可以写一篇介绍自己课室或者自己卧室的文章。下面是一篇4年级学生的介绍课室范文。

My classroom

I am studying at Tongji primary school.I am in Class Two, Grade Four. (介绍自己所在的学校和所在的年级) There is a blackboard in front of the classroom. There are twenty-five desks in our classroom, they are brown. There are many books on the desk. There are fifty students, thirty boys and twenty girls. There is a picture on the wall. There are two fans on the wall. (用there+be句型把班里和摆设和班上的人数都表达出来了) It is tidy and clean.I like my classroom very much.(最后是作者的总结)

对于5年级的学生，作文的要求也提高了很多，很多学生在介绍别人或者是写自己喜欢的小动物的时候很容易忘了第三人称单数动词要加ses，如：He get up at 7 o’clock(get忘了加s)，在用到现在进行的时候动词很容易忘了加ing(如I am play the piano，play就忘记了加ing)，介词和介词短语也占了很重要的位置如介词in，on，at，of。介词短语如dream of(区分dream that)和be afraid of都是很重要的介词短语，很多学生忘记了介词后面要加动词小学英语写作指导少儿基础英语。

对于6年级的学生，作文考查的是英语的综合应用能力，而且出的题目大部分都是看图作文，这就在一定程度上增加了写作的难度，它也是综合了3年级的分类词汇，4年级的句型，方位介词，5年级的重点介词短语和时态，不过我相信只要平时多点积累单词和句型、多点动笔、多注意语法上的问题、多看作文书，那么就能写出流畅、有深度的文章。

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

Changes in Shanghai

1 300年前的上海

2 上海的今天(东方明珠、金茂大厦)

3 上海的明天(2010年的世博会)

参考作文

Shanghai was a small town three hundred years ago. There were only a few thousand people living here. Many of them were fishermen and farmers.

300年前，上海只是个小镇，只有几千人居住在这里，其中很多人是渔民和农民。

Today, Shanghai is becoming an international city. Many tall building have been built. Some bridges have been put up over the Huangpu River. More and more foreigners come to Shanghai for a visit every day.

今天，上海已变成一座国际大都市，并建成了很多高楼大厦。黄浦江上架起了很多桥梁。每天都有越来越多的外国人前来旅游。

Shanghai has already won the bid for holding the World Expo 2010. I think the environment will be better and better and the city will be more and more beautiful.

上海已经取得了2010年世博会的举办权，我相信上海的环境会越来越好，并且越来越美丽。

点评：虽然2010年世博会已经结束，但关于城市发展的话题依然热烈，除了上海，像广州、北京、深圳等大城市也有可能是考试的热点。

导语：人生的道路是由一个个十字路口交错而成的,只有在每一个路口都作出自己正确的选择,并且坚定不移地沿着这条路走下去,才能在自己绚丽的人生大道上走出一串串坚定的脚印。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

意大利着名高音歌唱家卢西亚诺·帕瓦罗蒂回顾自己走过的成功之路时,说:“当我还是个孩子时,我的父亲,一个面包师,就开始教我学习唱歌。他鼓励我刻苦学习,培养嗓子的功底。后来,在我的家乡意大利的蒙得那市,一位名叫阿利戈·波拉的专业歌手收我做他的学生,那时,我还在一所师范学院上学。在毕业时,我问父亲:‘我应该怎么办?是当教师还是成为一位歌唱家?’我父亲这样回答我:‘卢西亚诺,如果你想同时坐两把椅子,你只会掉到两把椅子之间的地上。在生活中,你应该选定一把椅子。’我选择了当歌唱家。我忍住失败的痛苦,经过七年的学习,终于第一次正式登台演出。此后我又用了七年时间,才得以进入大都会歌剧院。现在我的看法是:不论是砌砖工人,还是作家,不管我们选择何种职业,坚持不懈是关键。请选定一把椅子吧。”

【温馨提示】人生的道路是由一个个十字路口交错而成的,只有在每一个路口都作出自己正确的选择,并且坚定不移地沿着这条路走下去,才能在自己绚丽的人生大道上走出一串串坚定的脚印,才能实现自己独特的人生价值。由此我们可以围绕“坚持”、“选择”、“认定目标”等方面构思行文。

记叙文写作是中考作文的“主打”文体，也是平时写作训练最重要的任务，而且许多考生也习惯于写记叙文，那么，满分作文记叙文写作技巧有哪些你知道吗？下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于满分作文记叙文的写作技巧，希望可以帮助到大家！

技巧一：中心突出，立意深远

首先，立意必须集中而突出。即使需要使用较多的素材也只能统一在一个中心之下，这样才不会散而无主，不至于喧宾夺主。

其次，记叙文务必符合积极、健康、深刻、高远的立意要求。

其三，要善于从日常小事中发现深刻、有时代气息的主题，善于从事件的表面向深处挖掘，使主题变得深刻起来。

其四，运用对比可以让人物的形象更鲜明，事件的中心揭示得更深刻。如将美与丑、善与恶、强与弱、悲与喜对比，将人或事的前后变化对比，将不同的人对某人某事的态度对比等等。

另外，你也可以用环境描写来渲染气氛，暗示事件发展，衬托人物心情等，从而彰显主旨。如一篇《责任重于泰山》的作文。

作者先用“每个人都有着每个人的责任，责任重于泰山”作题记，然后分别用一、二、三作小标题，依次叙写了张老师出人意料地带病冒雪上课、检察长在战友(因救护自己而牺牲)儿子的判决书上签字前矛盾的思想斗争、县委书记为了泄洪抢险而顾大局舍小家决定炸除自己从小生活的村庄这三件事，说明了给学生上课是教师的责任、严格执法是领导者的责任、保护国家利益是所有公民的责任，从而使“不同的位置有不同的责任”的主旨得以凸显。

技巧二：详略得当，内容充实

选材要鲜活。即选构要真实、新颖、典型，从生活中捕捉精彩的典型素材，筛选出那些最高兴、最悲痛、最深刻、最难忘、最能打动人心、最能展现时代风貌的典型事件，或者概括提炼，或者放大细节，或者定格镜头，必能写出具有、独特个性、深刻感悟和超级感染力的佳作来。

情节通常包括事件的开端、发展、高潮、结局等几部分，如作文《一张贺卡》，作者以“贺卡”为线，围绕一个穷学生给老师“送贺卡”这件事展开生动描述，把“买贺卡”“送贺卡”“卖贺卡”三个场面一线串起，使文章曲折生动、感人至深;但在处理素材的详略时，却略写“送贺卡”，而把自己“买贺卡”前的思想斗争、老师“卖贺卡”后的感动心理浓墨重彩描述，这样就突出了一个正直、慈爱、善良的老师形象。

技巧三：情感真挚，叙中含情

在刻画人物时，要将真情实感融入到细致、生动的人物描写和事件叙述中去，人物有了真情实感便获得了鲜活的生命。可以通过细节描写、选用情感鲜明的词语、打造抒情语句来流露真情。例如《懂你，懂你》中描写丰富细腻、真挚感人。作者将“我”的深切感受、心理活动和母亲的动作、神态和语言描写结合起来，一个，心思细密、宽厚温和、体贴女儿的母亲形象跃然纸上。

技巧四：结构清爽，叙事生动

首先结构要完整，写人叙事要清晰。应善于运用前后照应、一线串珠等技法组织材料。其次叙事要生动，情节要曲折。叙事写人时可以使用前后对比法、设置悬念法、抑扬生变法、虚构科幻法等来使文章尺水兴波、妙趣横生。如一篇《我的这杯“苦咖啡”》的作文，作者分别以“麦田？烈日”“村边？夏夜”“小院?清早”“医院？黄昏”为小标题，按地点和时间变化为序依次描绘了四个生活场景，表现了作者和爷爷之间细腻深厚的祖孙情。这种以情为线的行文，立意、情感、事件以一贯之，极具结构美和情感美。

技巧五：个性人物，形象鲜明

写人记事的记叙文大多是通过塑造人物形象来揭示中心的。你可以通过个性分明的外貌、神态、服饰、语言、动作、心理等描写来展现人物的思想感情和性格特征。例如通过不同人物的语言便能体现出各自文雅有礼、粗鲁低俗、豪爽干脆、优柔寡断、风趣幽默、干巴木讷等迥异的性格。你也可以随着事件的发展或观察角度的变化，对人物进行多层次描写，或将正面描写与侧面描写相结合，特别要注意细节描写和概括描写相结合。