给山区小朋友的一封信7篇 写给某某的信英语合集20篇

Dear Professor Smith,

I am Li Hua, chair of the Students’ Union of Xinhua Middle School. Our school will have the Second Culture Festival next weekend and I am writing to invite you to give us a lecture about the cultural differences between America and China, which will begin at 9 o’clock and end at 11 o’clock on Nov. 28th in Classroom 201 of the third teaching building.

As an expert in international culture, you must have a good knowledge of the cultural differences between America and China, so we hope you could help us increase our knowledge and clear some cultural confusion.

Could you please contact us in advance at Englishtec @163.com if you could come to our culture festival? We are looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Lihua

我的好朋友：

你好！

你对我的帮助有很多，数也数不清。你还记得那一次吗？那一次在体育课上，老师让我们跑操场，我跑到一半的时候，不小心被一个小石子绊倒了，重重地摔倒在地上，我想站起来重新跑，但伤口实在是太疼了。虽然陆陆续续的有人从我身边经过，但他们都没有来帮我。而你看到了我痛苦的表情后，像一支离弦的箭一样飞快地向我冲去，用关切的目光向我问道：“你没事吧？”我忍着疼痛说道：“没事，只是摔伤了而已。”而你还是不放心，说：“我看你这伤口，要是不消毒的话是会感染的。我来扶你去医务室吧。”我点点头答应了。你扶着一瘸一拐的我，一步一步地迈向了医务室。那时，我的感激之情涌上心头，喉咙似是有什么东西堵住了，想对你说一句感谢的话却说不出口。

还有一次，你帮了我大忙。那一天，轮到我们组扫地，但我的组员却把所有的活都让我干，而他们自顾自的回家了。我扫到一半的时候，看见你因为忘拿课本回来了。你看到只有我一个人在打扫教室，问道：“就你一个人扫地，没有别人？”我点点头，说道：“对，就我一个人，他们都回家了。”你看到我一个人忙不过来，就对我说：“那我来帮你吧！”在我们共同的努力下，教室终于干净了。

谢谢你，我的好朋友，每当我有困难的时候，你都能及时出现。

祝

学习进步，天天向上！

你的好朋友：余心瑜

Dear Mercy,

亲爱的梅斯，

How is everythinggoing! Last time you said you are anxious now because you find it hard to learnEnglish well. Don’t worry. I think you have to improve your English step bystep. And I will right behind you. In my view, you should develop you intereston English first. According to my experience, I think watching English movie,listen to some wonderful English songs and talk in English on the Internetwould be helpful. Secondly, you have to prepare lessons before class that willhelp you understand what the teacher says in the class. I know you feel boredin the class, but you have force yourself to be concentrated. A few days lateryou will feel it a little easy to learn English. The left steps I will tellnext time. By the way, we have not seen each other since your family move toHunan a year ago. Have you ever thought about going back to visit me and learnEnglish together in the coming Summer vacation. Looking forward to your reply.

过得可好。上次你说你现在很焦虑因为你觉得很难学好英语。别担心。我觉得要提高英语你得一步步来。我会帮你的。在我看来，首先应该要培养你对英语的兴趣。根据我的经验，我认为看英文电影，听美妙的英文歌曲以及在互联网上与他人用英语交流会有很大的帮助。其次，你要预习，这样可以让你理解老师在课堂上说的东西。我知道你觉得上英语课很无聊，但你必须强迫自己聚精会神的听。一段时间后，你会感觉到学习英语变得容易些了。剩下的步骤下一次我会告诉你的。顺便提一下，自从一年前你们家搬到湖南后我们就没见过面。你有没有想过暑假的时候回来看看我，我们可以一起学习英语。期待你的回复。

Best wishes,

Li

丽

[给朋友的一封信高中英语作文

Hide and seek will be played by every child, which is my favorite game. I

like to find a quiet park and then play hide and seek with friends. The place is

big and we can hide in many corner. When my friends come close to me, I will be

nervous and hold my breath. The most exciting moment is found by other

persons.

Mr. Cao

Hello!

Today, I would like to recommend a book for you. The name of this book is

"primary school students reading aid Library - folk culture". This book is

about the origin and customs of Chinese festivals. The reason why I like this

book is that when it introduces the calendar of festivals, it always tells a

story about the situation at that time. And each article is extremely vivid,

from which we can not only learn the origin of many customs, but also understand

some unknown history and legend.

My favorite article is called "Chongyang climbing, drinking with dogwood.".

This article is about the origin of the Double Ninth Festival. It is said that

there was a pestilence devil in Zhuangnan of the Han Dynasty, which was

extremely ferocious, and would come out to harm people every September 9. There

is a man named Huanjing in Zhuangnan county. Because Huanjings parents died in

the hands of the pestilence devil, Huanjing wanted to kill the pestilence devil

to avenge his parents. On this day, Huan Jing packed up and went to practice

magic arts with the famous immortal Fei Changfang, hoping to kill the evil

devil. After a long journey, Huan Jing finally found the immortal Fei Changfang.

However, things have not been smooth. After Huan Jing explained his intention,

Fei Changfang refused Huan Jings request. So Huan Jing knelt outside Fei

Changfang for two days and two nights. At last, Fei Changfang was moved by Huan

Jings sincerity and accepted him as an apprentice and taught him various

skills. On the ninth day of September the next year, Fei Changfang reckoned that

the pestilence would enter the southern city again and harm people. He ordered

Huan Jing to give him some dogwood leaves and chrysanthemum wine and send him

back to zhuangnang city. When Huan Jing arrived in Zhuangnan, he took the people

to the mountain, and let everyone drink chrysanthemum wine, and filled the

mountain with Cornus. After that, Huan Jing stood in front of the mountain with

a knife. After a while, the pestilence came as expected. It wanted to go up the

mountain and eat people. Huan Jing stopped him, so they fought together. The

smell of Cornus and dogwood is not stable for a few rounds. He raised a knife

from the mountain. The plague devil was removed, and the people in Nancheng

finally lived a comfortable life. Since then, in order to commemorate September

9, people have designated September 9 as the Double Ninth Festival. On this day,

people will climb high with their families, fill the mountains with Cornus and

drink chrysanthemum wine to pray for themselves and their families. This is the

origin of the Double Ninth Festival on September 9.

I like this legend best, because I think Huanjings persistence and bravery

are worth learning.

Finally, I hope you can enjoy this story. When you are free, you may as

well read this book with me.

wish

good health!

Your student: Guo Xugang

22 March 2006

Dear Ms. Reinhart,

I am terribly sorry that I failed to arrive at BLCU last Friday. I hope that this did not mess you up completely, although I know that you had already made some special arrangements for my visit with you parents and friends. I am very sorry about all that. I am sure you will be sympathetic, however, when I tell you that my father is dangerously ill in hospital, and that I found it impossible to leave for the visit when he is in this state.

My father was working very hard on his project on protecting the environment. I know the project has come to a very important stage. He and his assistants did not take regular rest for three weeks. Last night, my father had a heart attack and was soon sent to the hospital. The doctor said my father was in a very serious situation, and, he might need an operation.

24 hours have passed. Nothing has changed. I have to stay at the hospital. I will let you know if there is any good news.

I am sorry again and look forward to seeing you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Tom Williams

亲爱的朋友：

你好！

这学期我过得丰富多彩，受益匪浅。我给你介绍一下我们的迎新年活动吧！

首先的节目是应程璐的长笛，听着那优美、悠扬的温柔的曲子，我格外认真，深深地陶醉了。

接着的节目是沈逸轩和王馨洁表演的健美操。我看着那么多高难度的动作，眼花缭乱。突然她们又来了一个后滚翻，我低下头揉一揉眼睛准备仔细看一下精彩的表演，歌曲结束了。

下面是三个男同学表演的小品，可爱又好玩，笑得前仰后合。屠雨枫自我介绍说他是非常厉害的孙悟空，什么都不怕，会七十六变。然后他们的表演就是打打杀杀，男生高声叫好。女生也笑得前俯后仰，围在一起吃零食……

然后是游戏时间，玩的是抢椅子。队员们个个聚精会神，发令声一响，他们就跑了起来，一叫停他们就争先恐后地找位子坐下，没抢到椅子的人就垂头丧气地回到了座位。

你认为我们的游戏和节目有趣吗？你们有这样的游戏吗？

祝你健康快乐！

想念你的朋友：黄晴宜

1.表示欢迎

2.提出对度假安排的建议

3.提醒应注意的事项

A letter to a Schoolmate

June 23, 2001

Dear Xiao Wang,

I am delighted to know that you will be able to visit me for a week during the National Day holiday. I am looking forward to your visit and to the opportunity to catch up. Welcome to my home in Nanjing!

As you know, Nanjing has many places of interest to see, to discover, and to enjoy. Among its historical sites are stone city wall, the Confucius Temple with its magnificent night view, and Dr. Sun Yetsens Mausoleum. With all its universities, Nanjing is a cultural center, offering an abundance of artistic and musical performances. Its also a city of beautiful gardens and parks, such as the Xuanwu Lake Park. With all these features, we will have a fun-filled week, especially that in early-October, there are many sunny and mild days for outdoor activities. So, I would suggest visiting these places first, and deciding on the others as our week develops.

Finally, since at this time of the year the weather gets a little chilly in the evening, I would suggest that you bring some warm clothing with you. Also, as there will be crowds of people at the stations and on the trains, you need to be very careful with your belongings!

Best wishes for a pleasant journey!

Yours,

Zhang Ying

[给朋友的一封信_英语作文

Dear teachers

hello everyone!

Novel coronavirus our wills unite like a fortress. The Spring Festival

holiday in 2020 has been a long time for us. Facing the sudden outbreak of the

new coronavirus, the people of the whole country are united in their efforts to

fight the epidemic. In this battlefield without gunpowder smoke, as a member of

the real primary school kindergarten, we should always put "the life safety and

health of teachers and students first", respond to the epidemic situation with a

positive attitude, and do our best with a high sense of social responsibility!

To this end, the following initiatives are issued to all teachers:

1、 Be the forerunner of scientific epidemic prevention

Teachers should follow the novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention

guidelines and other epidemic prevention regulations, do not gather, do not

gather, do not gather at the gathering place, eliminate contact with the

relevant personnel in key areas of epidemic prevention and control, wear masks

outside, wash hands frequently, return to good hygiene habits, do well in their

own and family health management, and actively cooperate with the community

(Village) group control. Work, strengthen physical exercise, improve physical

quality, fully show the good image of peoples teachers.

2、 To be a caretaker of students

At this special moment, every teacher should pay more attention to and care

for children. Through wechat group, QQ group and other ways, we should further

strengthen the scientific prevention guidance for children and parents, do a

good job in the touch and arrangement of each child, understand the daily

movement and health situation of children, and summarize them according to the

times of the school. Guide parents to take good care and supervision, remind

parents to pay close attention to childrens physical and mental health,

appropriate exercise, reasonable diet, to ensure childrens physical and mental

health.

3、 Be the practitioner of online service

As the saying goes, "spring is at the end of a year". According to the

guiding opinions on primary and secondary schools and kindergartens during the

delayed start of epidemic prevention and control in Chongqing city "issued by

the Municipal Academy of education and science, Shixiao kindergarten has decided

to guide children to" suspend classes and never stop school, Da Ai Yong online

"during the period of school extension

1. According to the needs of epidemic prevention and control, the school

will be postponed. Teachers scientifically arrange their own work and life at

home, and take grade group as the unit, formulate online learning activities

(including one week activity plan, work and rest schedule, activity content,

childrens learning feedback and other requirements).

2. Through the class wechat group (or QQ group) upload activity

arrangement, effectively carry out the class self-help learning guidance work

(childrens learning feedback).

3. Adhere to professional reading, read "learning with children" carefully,

and think about the kindergarten based curriculum of "etiquette education"

combined with class examples.

In this special holiday, lets always pay attention to the growth of

children and use professional strength to convey warmth and love! Home hand in

hand, accompany children to spend special holidays!

Dadukou Experimental Primary School Kindergarten

★英语话题作文10篇★

★英语书信格式及范文★

★给英语老师的信带翻译★

★给某人写信英文范文★

小朋友：

你好!

我知道我不认识你，但我在电视上面看见你们的生活不及我们，你们的学校没有我们的美，你们在阴暗矮小屋子里学习，你们操场上那些设备与我们有着大大的区别。

但是，你们不要为设施不好而沮丧，要把握好机会努力学习，我们学校，我们大家都在帮助你们，为你们捐款，把我们的书，衣服等捐给你们，让你们过上好的生活，你们要好好学习，天天向上，长大以后，好好报效祖国，为祖国做贡献。

当然我们也在努力，努力让祖国的科技飞速发展，为了我们祖国的将来，让我们一同创造美好未来!让我们一起把努力转成动力，把动力转成能力，把能力转成智慧，让我们成为一颗颗闪烁的明星，照着祖国的江河山川吧!

祝：

学习进步，身体健康!

来自远方的朋友：陈妮珊

Mathematics was too difficult for me, the teacher spoke so fast that I

could not understand. I failed every math exam, my dad was very angry, he

wouldnt let me watch TV, or let me go out, I was very sad. The math teacher

always asks me to go to the office and tell me the problem. I am not afraid to

make mistakes, because I can correct them. I keep practicing, speed up my

problem, and dont forget to preview and review. In the most recent exam, I

achieved excellent results in maths. A good learner has many good learning

habits.

数学对我来说太难了，老师讲的太快，以至于我不能听懂。每次数学考试我都不及格，我的爸爸很生气，他不让我看电视，也不让我出去玩，我很难过。数学老师总是让我去办公室，给我讲题。我开始不害怕犯错，因为我还可以改正。我不断的练习，加快了我的做题速度，并且不忘记预习和复习。在最近的一次考试里，我的数学成绩达到了优秀。一个好的学习者有很多好的学习习惯。

亲爱的外国朋友们:

你们好!我是中国的一名普通的小学生。你们也应该听说过2008年的奥运会将在北京召开的消息了吧！我，做为中国的小主人，理所当然要为北京举行奥运会作出一份贡献了。想来想去，我觉得，该向你们介绍一下我们这美丽的祖国和勤劳热情的人民。

我们伟大的祖国，走过５５年的光辉历程，在这半个多的世纪以来，我们祖国的经济建设成就举世瞩目，令人惊叹。综合国力在世界排名一再提升，特别是在改革开放以来，我国科技进步和经济发展速度更是前所未有的。

如今，我国不仅经济建设有着强劲的发展势头，而且航天科技也是突飞猛进。在不久前，我国就成功地发射了“神州五号”载人飞船。从开始研制到发射成功，仅仅用了三年多的时间，使我国的航天事业向前跨了一大步。

中国的经济、科技都在飞速发展，而香港、澳门也相继回到了祖国的怀抱里。朋友们，你们说，我们的祖国是多么的发达进步、繁荣昌盛啊！

朋友们，我真心地希望你们能在２００８年来到我们的祖国，来观看奥运会，游览壮丽的山河，接受我们的热情款待。

愿我们在这里共同祝

祝

学习进步

一个热情欢迎外国朋友的中国孩子

Dear friend,

I’m RuanXinyue,a girl student from ZhenDan Education.I’m writing to invite

you to come and stay in my home during the next two weeks.

I’m a helpful and clever girl.I can speak Chinese and English.I like

swimming and playing basketball.I like sports best.I like eating delicious food

too.

My family has four people.They’re my father,my mother,my brother and

me.

My mum is a teacher.She is tall and thin.She is kind but sometimes she is

strict.She goes to work by car.She works on the school.

My father is a doctor.He works on the hospital.He is tall and strong.He

goes to work by car.He is kind too.He likes reading books.

Do you think I am your best choice now?Looking forward to meeting you.

Yours,

RuanXinyue

Dear Sir,

I am writing to apply for a British Council scholarship to study in

Britain. I did my five years basic training in medicine at Shanghai University.

After this I successfully completed a one-year postgraduate course in

Ophthalmology at the Peoples General Hospital, where I am at present serving a

two-year probation in the Eye Clinic.

As a result of the publication in 2003 of my article in New Scientist

entitled "Soft and Rigid Contact Lenses ", which was based on a survey of 37

patients over 6 months, I made contact with Dr. Li Ming of the Capital Hospital

and Dr. Ma Li of the University College Hospital. I have received their help and

advice with my current research project, which is a two-year survey of the

acceptance of various types of contact lenses in 200 patients.

Despite their help, I feel that I cannot make real progress in this field

unless I can actually have day-to-day contact with these specialists. I would

therefore like to continue my research at either the Capital Hospital or the UCH

as soon as my probationary period here is completed, and I would like to study

in Britain for two years.

I enclose a detailed curriculum vitae and an offprint of my article,

together with two letters of recommendation from Dr. Li Ming and Dr. Ma Li.

Yours faithfully,

Lily Chen

For some reasons, I never get up before nine oclock on Saturdays.

Sometimes I stay in bed until lunch time. Then Ill do some exercises, read

English, play computer games. In the afternoon, I go to school for writing and

playing table tennis. I play table tennis well. In the evening, I go to the

teachers home to play Chinese chess, I like it.

What an interesting day!

Dear ___,

Christmas is coming,I think it is the largest festival in your

country,which just is as grand as chinas spring festival.At this nice

moment,let me say happy to you,and also say hello to all your family.hope you

and your family have the best festival.

yours,

sincerely ___

贫困山区的小朋友：

你们好！

我是实验小学五（2）班的一名学生，叫董颖楚。今天，我在电视上看到了你们瘦弱的身影，还看到了你们无助的眼神。你们大都家境非常困难，常常吃不饱穿不暖，可你们却非常想上学，渴望学到一些你们梦寐以求的知识。

可看看你们的学校吧！一间间破旧的房子，一张张用泥土堆起来的桌子，同学们从家里带来的大小不一的破板凳，没有电灯，没有书本，甚至没有粉笔！这一切都是我们无法想象的。有的同学练习本上的字写得密密麻麻，写完了用橡皮擦掉，再用一次；有的同学的笔用得只剩手指头那么长了，还舍不得扔掉；有的同学的书包是妈妈用一些旧布头缝成的；有的同学几学期下来，书本还像新的，书角一点也没有卷起；有的同学……你们在那么艰苦的条件下，还坚持学习，有的同学成绩还好得出奇呢！你们的学习精神真令我们敬佩。

再看看我们吧。我们有各种各样的学习用具，漂亮的书本，崭新的文具盒，功能各异的笔，一个个色彩斑斓的书包……数不胜数。我们中许多同学都是家里的小公主、小皇帝，家里人整天都围着我们转，可我们还身在福中不知福，不好好学习，整天想着玩，看上什么就非要不可，老惹大人生气。

通过我们的“手拉手”的活动，让我们都能真正能感受到社会就是一个大家庭，一人有困难，大家都应该去帮助。我们可以通过援助，让有困难的学生不再感到孤独，让他们感受到温暖。也许我们捐助的东西微不足道。但无论什么，也许是一个书包，也许是一支铅笔；也许是一本小书，也许是一件洁净的汗衫；也许是日积月累下来的硬币……但是在爱的天平上，他们永远都是等值的。我相信，当你们收到我们的小礼物时，一定体会到了温暖，拥有了无限的欢乐。

我们都是祖国的花朵，我们一定要向你们学习，长大以后更好地建设祖国，让祖国的明天更加美好！希望与你们手拉手，共同进步！

祝

学习进步，天天向上！

一个关心你们的同学：

THE ONLY MAGICAL THING----Map There was only one thing in the world that

wanted to play, and that guy’s name was Jack. He wanted to be a pirate one day,

and found treasure in pirate islands… He had a conversation with his mother one

day for certain. It was about being a pirate one day for once in his

lifetime…

“Mom, I want to be a pirate one day, and find treasures in buried islands

and…” “Whoa! Hold there son, what do you mean by, you what to be a pirate?”

asked his mother, “Well it is that I just want to hunt for treasure instead of

just being a regular boy like usual…”

His mother laughed so very hard, “Then why don’t you ask the sorcerer of

the wicked castle?” his mother suddenly added, “What do you mean of: Wicked?”

“Well,” replied her mother, “It all happened in…” “Wait!” shouted Jack, “There

is no time for you to explain the whole thing, if you could show me this ‘Wicked

castle’ then I could be a pirate sooner or later.

And so his mother showed him a riddle clue, which had many words written on

it, “All you have to do is answer the riddles and you will arrive at your

destination;” so Jack took the map, and head out for the wicked castle

immediately, “Now let us see, two choices to make; which one is it that I need

to take?” then he suddenly felt a little twinkle among his eyes, he looked at

the map; “That’s it!” he opened the map and placed it upon him. “Now, I just

need to figure this one out.”

He read it out loud, “Choose the path that has round hard things the most…”

then he thought about it, he looked at each side; first, he checked the left;

“There is nothing very hard on this side, or even round!” the he checked the

other side, known as the right; “Look, there is a pile of rocks here, they are

very hard; and round, and there are plenty of them!”

He walked to the right, and then he went straight on. At last he came to a

big castle, it has many traps; and so Jack decided to use the map and find clues

so that he won’t get lost…

He first came to the front door, and then he opened the map, read the

riddle; “Watch out for the monster, with two pairs of wings; and come in the

spring, it is giant, I warn you…” then he answered, “The only flying thing that

has two pairs of wings is a dragon fly!” when he said “Dragonfly”

d-r-a-g-o-n-f-l-y; a giant dragonfly flew past his eyes!

“Whoa!” shouted Jack, he then read the riddle, “look around you; use the

one, as sharp as a knife;” Jack looked around himself, then he found a big sharp

needle; it was huge! He used all his might and picked it up, and then he sprang

it to the monster. The monster fell down immediately, as if dead.

Then Jack had beaten the giant ‘Dragonfly’d-r-a-g-o-n-f-l-y, he was ready

to see the sorcerer. He was casting a spell when Jack came in, he interrupted

him; and so the sorcerer shouted, “What are you doing stranger?” he asked, “Can

you make me a pirate?” “What! Nobody has ever done that spell before;

never!”

And so Jack had to keep on being a normal boy, he was satisfied sometimes,

but also was glad that he didn’t turn into a pirate. “The map is ‘the only

magical thing’ in this world…

Dear John,

I am eagerly looking forward to your visit to our city. After all these

years of writing to each other, I can not wait to see you. However, I regret to

inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time.

The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the

earliest I can reach the airport will be about an hour after you land. Will you

please wait for me in the arrival lounge? You can have breakfast while you

wait.

By the way, as we have never met I must tell you home to identify me: I am

of 165cm tall and have a long hair. In addition, I will wear a white skirt and

carry a China Daily at hand.

Hope we can meet soon.

Sincerely yours,

Alice

给远方朋友的一封信

远方的朋友：

你好!

我是__省__市__区广场路小学的一名学生。你是男是女，是胖是瘦，是高是矮，我都不知道。但是，我们肯定有一个共同点，那就是我们在同一片蓝天下生活,学习。

我生活在__。这里风景十分秀丽，山有“海上名山、寰中绝胜”之誉的雁荡山，水有“天下第一水”之称的楠溪江，街有__旧城商业文化氛围最为浓厚的五马街，岛有瓯江蓬莱之称的江心屿，一副大好山河的画面。

我的脑袋瓜非常灵活，爱好很多，比如，写作文、吹笛子、打乒乓球、玩游戏。我最光辉的一面就是作文了，我的作文曾多次在各种杂志报刊上刊登。我的学习很好，但我也非常外玩。在玩的前提下，我会完成所有的学习任务。

我还对历史方面和武侠方面有着一些小偏好。在我认为，玩不能纯玩，要有知识的玩。比如《瘟疫公司》这款游戏，不仅可以学到很多地名国名，还可以学到很多疾病的名称。

有句话是这样说的“雄心壮志是茫茫黑夜中的北斗星。”这是英国诗人剧作家罗伯特?勃朗宁说的。北斗星是非常亮的，又在茫茫黑夜之中，这就是说人必须要有雄心壮志。这就是我送你的名言。

欢迎你有空来__做客!也欢迎你给我来信!

祝：心想事成有才华，健康快乐学习好!

你远方的朋友：

20__年3月5日晚

Dear Sir,

I was very interested in your advertisement in todays edition of The

Evening Post and I should like to apply to be a member of the Amazon Expedition

team.

I am twenty-three years old and have an honors degree in Botany from Bath

University. Since leaving university I have been working in a research

laboratory but my contract comes to an end in six weeks. I would particularly

like to join the expedition for the opportunity it would give me to study the

plant life of the area.

I enjoy several outdoor activities including rowing and rock climbing and I

consider myself to be both fit and healthy enough to undertake such an

expedition.

If you would like me to attend an interview, I would be able to come at any

time convenient to you, (J1) my employers have agreed to give me time off for

the purpose. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Lily Ma