英语日记的写作方法及范例【精选20篇】

tknown before. I gain some knowledge about animal life, such as, different

lives of various kinds of animals, the relationship between people and nature,

people and animal, and the importance of animal protection. I want to say that

animals are part of nature as we are. They can not be separated from the humans.

We must keep nature in balance. Please give your love to animals. Stop killing

them.

scourage and stamina. He lost his gold medal because of his illness. As

soon as he regretfully put down his gun, he fell unconscious and was earried

away on a stretcher. Mo Huilen also lost her gold medal painfully. The young

girl was not satisfied with a silver and braved for the gold at the risk of

losing it. She showed the true spirit of sportsmanship. I sing in praise of them

even if they lose. In my opinion we should praetice what we preach and stick to

the Olympic creed that the most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to

win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the

triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to

have fought wen.

slove animals. Never do any harm to them.

以前就知道了。我对动物生活有了一些了解，比如，各种动物的不同生活方式，人与自然的关系，人与动物的关系，以及保护动物的重要性。我想说的是，动物和我们一样都是自然的一部分。它们离不开人类。我们必须保持自然的平衡。请把你的爱献给动物。别杀了他们。

勇气和毅力。他因病失去了金牌。他一遗憾地放下枪，就不省人事，被担架抬走了。莫慧琳也痛失金牌。这个年轻的女孩对一枚银币不满意，冒着丢失的危险去抢金子。她表现出真正的体育精神。即使他们输了，我也要赞美他们。在我看来，我们应该践行我们所宣扬的，并坚持奥林匹克信条：奥林匹克运动会最重要的不是胜利而是参与，正如生命中最重要的不是胜利而是斗争。最重要的不是征服了，而是战胜了_。

爱动物。不要伤害他们。

★高中英语日记100字★

★初中英语日记范文★

★小学英语日记带翻译★

★儿童节英语日记★

联想、想像、象征（托物言志）、比较、对比、衬托、反衬、烘托、以小见大、借景抒情（情景交融）、伏笔和铺垫、前后照应（呼应）、直接（间接）描写、扬抑（欲扬先抑、欲抑先扬）。作用分别如下：

1、象征（托物言志）：通过咏物来抒情，常常借助于某些具体植物、动物、物品等的一些特性，委婉曲折地将作者的感情表达出来。

作用：首先是它把抽象的事理表现为具体的可感知的形象。其次是可以使文章更含蓄些，运用眼前之物，寄托深远之意。

2、衬托：以他体从正面、反面两个角度陪衬本体。作用：突出本体的××特征。

3、对比：把两种相反的事物或一种事物相对立的两个方面作比较。

作用：鲜明的突出了主要事物或事物的主要方面的××特征。

4、借景抒情：通过描写具体生动的自然景象或生活场景，表达作者某种真挚的思想感情。 作用：做到情景交融，使文章充满诗情画意。

5、先抑后扬：先否定或贬低事物形象，尔后深入挖掘事物特点及内在意义，再对事物予以肯定、褒扬。作用：突出强调了事物（人物）的特征。

6、侧面（间接）描写：侧面烘托出该人物的××性格、品行和技能，使得文章结构更加集中紧凑，表达更为简洁精练。

直接和间接描写方法结合运用，可以使被描写的人物或景物的特点更加鲜明、突出。

7、伏笔和铺垫：作用：内容前后照应，情节严丝合缝。

8、照应：记叙文：使文章浑然一体，整体感强，突出主题。

议论文：强化××论点。 散文：反复地抒发××情感，增加情感的深度。

9、联想：由一事物想到另一事物的心理过程。

作用：丰富文章内容，使人物形象更丰满，性格更鲜明突出，情节更生动感人。

10、想像：在原有的感性形象的基础上，创造新形象的心理过程。

作用：为塑造形象、表现主题服务。使读者接受美的陶冶。

写作手法指写一首诗，使它好的所有的手法，它可以有很多方面，修辞方面，表达方式方面，表现手法方面等。

Too much emphasis is placed on the development of reading skills in elementary school. Many students who are discouraged by the lonely activity of reading turn away from schoolwork merely because they are poor readers. But books recorded on audiocassette tape provide an important alternative for students at this crucial stage in their education, one the school board should not reject merely because of the expense involved. After all, many studies attest to the value of allowing students to hear books read aloud; there is even evidence that students whose parents read to them are even more likely to become able readers. Thus, hearing books on tape can only make students more eager to read and to learn. Therefore, the school board should encourage schools to buy books on tape and to use them in elementary education.

In this argument, the writer claims that elementary schools place too much emphasis on the development of reading skills; therefore books on audiocassette should be provided as an alternative method of learning. The arguer attempts to substantiate the conclusion by citing studies that show the value of allowing students to hear books read aloud; including evidence that students whose parents read to them are even more likely to become better readers. This argument ultimately fails as it suffers from several critical fallacies.

First of all, the writer flatly states, without any supporting evidence whatsoever, that many students are discouraged by the lonely activity of reading, then continues on in the same sentence to state that students turn away from schoolwork solely because they are poor readers. Students often read to themselves or to the other students in a classroom situation - hardly a lonely activity. Additionally, this argument puts the effect before the cause - inviting the circular logic that students stop trying to learn to read because they are poor readers. Following this argument to its logical conclusion, because they are poor readers, they should not try to learn how to improve their reading. This absurd argument is analogous to saying that a new student should never start to learn in the first place, because he or she knows nothing.

[最新关于GRE出国考试作文范例

Winter holiday is comming .In this holiday ,I want to finish my English

,math ,Chinese homework before Spring Festival .Because I have lots of things to

deal with after Spring Festival .For example I need to visit my aunt ,uncle

,grandpa and grandma at February 4th. Finally ,my homework and clothes should be

concentrated because after a few days I will go to school .I think a good

beginning is a half ending .So ,I will treasure every minute to spend my winter

holiday .

我鉴定的特点

篇幅短小，语言概括、简洁、扼要，具有评语和结论性质。

自我鉴定的作用（1）总结以往思想、工作、学习，展望未来，发扬成绩，克服不足，指导今后工作。

（2）帮助领导、组织、评委了解自己，作好入党、入团、职称评定、晋升的依据材料准备工作。

（3）重要的自我鉴定将成为个人历史生活中一个阶段的小结，具有史料价值，被收入个人档案。

自我签定的格式与写法

自我鉴定的结构由标题、正文和落款三部分构成。

（1）标题。自我签定的标题有两种形式：

1）性质内容加文种构成，如《学年教学工作自我鉴定》。

2）用文种“自我鉴定”作标题。如果是填写自我鉴定表格，不写标题。

（2）正文。正文由前言、优点、缺点、今后打算四部分构成。

1）前言。概括全文，常用“本学年个人优缺点如下：”“本期业务培训结束了，为发扬成绩，克服不足，以利今后工作学习，特自我鉴定如下：”等习惯用语引出正文主要内容。

2）优点。一般习惯按政治思想表现、业务工作、学习等方面的内容逐一写出自己成绩长处。

3）缺点。一般习惯从主要缺点写到次要问题或只写主要的，次要一笔带过。

4）今后打算。用简洁明了的语言概括今后的打算，表明态度，如“今后我一定×××，争取进步”等。

自我鉴定的正方行文，可用一段式，也可用多段式。要实事求是，条理清晰，用语准确。

（3）落款。

在右下方署明鉴定人姓名；并在下面注明年、月、日期。

个人自我鉴定例文

＜范文＞

自我鉴定

本人近一年以来，能积极参加政治学习，关心国家大事，拥护党的各项方针政策。遵守校纪校规，尊敬师长，团结同学，政治上要求进步；学习目的明确，态度端正，钻研业务。勤奋刻苦，成绩优良；班委工作认真负责，关心同学，热爱集体。有一定奉献精神。

不足是学习成绩需进一步提高。今后我一定发扬成绩，克服不足，争取更大进步。

吴××

20××年×月×日

如何写一封成功求职信范文？首先，最基本的要知道求职信的格式，其次就是要掌握好个人求职信的写作技巧,以下为大家提供一些成功求职信写作方法，仅供参考。

A:开头

开头一定要开门见山的写明你对公司有兴趣并想担任他们空缺的职位，以及你是如何得知该职位的招聘信息的。

例如：获知贵公司****年**月**日在******上招聘******的信息后，我寄上简历敬请斟酌。

B:推销自己

信的第二部分要简短地叙述自己所学的专业以及才能，特别是这些才能将满足公司的需要。没有必要具体陈述，详细内容引导对方查看你的简历。此外，推销时要适度，不能夸大其词。

C:联系方式

写清楚在求职信中给出你电话预约面试的可能时间范围，或表明你希望迅速得到回音，并标明与你联系的最佳方式。

D:收尾

感谢他们阅读并考虑你的应聘。

另外还有几点是一定要注意的：

A:首先求职信的篇幅不要太长，简明扼要就可以了。

B:其次不要粘贴或附带太多支持文件，诸如证书、奖状等复印件，除非是招聘单位在招聘广告中特别申明要求的，否则寄了厚厚一大叠材料，成本代价不菲，收效可能甚微。

C:最后，态度要诚恳，不需要任何豪言壮语，也不用使用任何华丽的词汇，只要让对方读来觉得亲切、自然、实实在在就可以了。

Silent night， holy night All is calm， all is bright。

Round yon virgin mother and child Holy infant so tender and mild，Sleep in

heavenly peace。

Radiant beams from thy holy face Sleep in heavenly peace。

With the dawn of redeeming grace Christ， the Savior is bornSilent night，

holy night ，Hooh，Christ， the Savior is born Son of God， loves pure light。

I live very happily today! In the morning， it is very fine! Then I climb

the mountain with family， the air on the mountain is very fresh， the flowers

plants and trees on the mountain all seem extremely beautiful。 Coming back home

in the evening， family and I sat and watched TV together， we are returning and

eating the fruit while chatting， the whole family is happy and harmonious!

译文：这天我过得十分开心!早上，天气十分好!于是我和家人一齐去登山，山上的空气十分清新，山上的花草树木都显得格外美丽。晚上回到家，我与家人坐在一齐看电视，我们还一边聊天一边吃着水果，全家其乐融融!

I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer. My mother is

my first teacher. I know how to type, how to copy a file, and how to visit a web

site on the intern.et. One day, mom was not at home.

I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on n.et. The first

one I met there was a boy called tom. He greeted me politely. When he knew that

I was only a 9-year-old girl, and almost knew nothing about chatting on n.et, he

started showing me how to use the chatting tools, how to download, and how to

send e-mails. I learnt a lot from him.

English dairybw

July 5th Monday cloudy

Today I came back from a place named “he chuan”, it’s a good place. There has some nice view like chang jiang river. I came there in two days ago. Our aunt is here. We had a good time in there. But I also write English dairy too. Because of the wrong computer, the message didn’t here. I wish myself to live more better tomorrow.

July 6th Tuesday cloudy;

Ah ha, when I get up, it was time for lunch. But I really have a lot of work to

do, I must write words and English dairy, then learned “Li yang” English, and then …… .

Oh, my god, if I do it in the afternoon, I will ready to dead. So I wrote words, and now

I’m writing my English dairy. Wish I could finish these works today. Bye!

July 9th Friday sunny0jK,

How happy I am. Yesterday I finished all the work very quick, so I have a lot of time to do myself. Sometimes finish work early is a good thing, we can have more interests to do the next work. Because of this, I write English dairy eight in the morning. But I wrote it in the evening in the pass day. Everyone, if you can finish the work quickly, not lazy, just try your best.

July 12th Monday sunny

How tired am I! I went back from chongqing three hours ago. In the city I nearly lost the way. Thanks for the hot heart man and woman. They help us to find the way. Oh, don’t think so badly, I’m fine. Because of my hard, my homepage is more beautiful than before, I’m very happy to see it. I love make homepage, if you love it, please let me know, we can take hours talking about homepage. Thank you.

July 14th Wednesday rainy

Yesterday I came to the center of Chongqing with my mother. We came to a place named “toward the air door”. I think many people know it. The night view is so beautiful that we all don’t want to back to home. I have a photo here. In the nine, we had to go back home. I didn’t wash my face before I went to bed, I’m too tired.

July 16th Friday rainyp

This holiday is my best busy holiday for I am learning English, computer and word and I fall in the weekend exam. Many times I want to take today off, but my mother said to me:“go on, you must belive that you can do it.” So I have to try. Now my English is better than 2months ago. I must thanks my mother, she is good for me. Practices makes perfect.

July 21th Wednesday rainy

Good morning everyone, I have some good news and some bad news. The good news is that I have a home page: ; how happy am I. The bad news is the computer game cd-rom is wrong. I can’t play computer game these days. It’s the worse for me. Welcome to my homepage and I wish whom could give me a right cd-rom(you are in sleep).hen hen……

July 22th Thursday sunnyp

Today I came to the city of Bishan,its a beautiful city.Its the shoes centre of western china. I think many people know it. It developed very quickly these years.More and more people move in it. Im pleased to be a Bishan people.

July 26th Monday sunny .

Hello, everyone! I’m so pleased to tell you: I have finished my web today.. It took me more than two days to do. I have a English pen friend now. I want to get pen friend more. So welcome write to me. My E-mail is:@126.com I’m so tired when I wrote this message, I must go to bed quickly. Good bye.5t

July 28th Wednesday rainyh

I will go to school few days later. I’m afraid that I can’t get used to the school life because I true very hate school. I don’t think there has a good school in my home. We have zero English teachers from USA and we have zero good computer ..May be many students can’t agree with me. But they will agree if they can see a really good school. do you agree with me?

July 31th Saturday rainyqn

Every day or every time many people was failed in something. They usually said that it was bad lucky. But the teacher of “Liyang” said:” you should do a little more then you will won.” Remember this word. Then don’t be shy, just try. If some laugh at you, you can say go yourself. If you can do it, that means you are a strong man.

August 1st Sunday sunny

Today I’m very tried for I made my homepage from 10:00 yesterday to 5:00 today. Seven hours nearly let me dead. But I’m pleased to see my homepage has been changed more and more beautiful and full with web. So I will keep doing tomorrow,, I can’t do this night, I’m ready to go to bed. Goodbye, every friend. See you tomorrow.

August 3ed Tuesday sunnyq

I want to kill my bother named kewang because every time and every day he makes me very tried. If yesterday he hut you, tomorrow he will heart you. He is a silly man, he went to bed at 9:00,then he woke up at 6:00 and then he shouted very loudly to makes me up. But I went to bed at 4:00 morning for my home web. I really want to kill him.

People, on their own way of life, do not be afraid of dirty! Step on the

white bone and flesh, step by step to brilliant! People, walk on their own way

of life, do not be afraid of sadness! Step by step to the light with sweat and

tears! Man! Walk on the road of your life, dont be afraid of imitating

hesitation! Follow faith and ideal, step by step out of confusion! Man!

Walking on their own way of life, it is doomed to wander! Dont hate that

you dont have a confidant, because you still have yourself! Go, go to the top,

step on your own heaven.

This morning， the sky is cloudless， spring。 My friends and I went to the

park flying a kite， flying a kite in the park so many people， some is small

swallow; some birds; there is I most like the phoenix。 The sky was a riot of

colours， like a blossoming be riotous with colour clouds really beautiful ah! We

play happy!

译文：这天早上，天空万里无云，春风拂面。我和朋友们一齐去公园放风争，公园里放风争的人可真多，有的是小燕子;有的是小鸟;还有的是我最喜欢的凤凰。天空一片五彩缤纷，像一朵朵五颜六色的彩云真美丽啊!我们玩得可开心!

语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据;但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。小编收集了英语论文的格式与写作方法，欢迎阅读。

一、英语论文的标题

一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。

就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐,并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。

二、英语论文提纲

英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。

三、英语论文正文

有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码;阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。

四、英语论文的文中引述

正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节;既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 (即英语论文参考文献)的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。

1.若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:

The divorce of Arnolds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9).

这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名);阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成p.9);作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号;句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。

2.被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:

Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas”

is an admirable and characteristic

diatribe. And if one is sorry that in it

Whitman is unable to conceive the

extreme crises of society, one is certain

that no society would be tolerable whoses

citizens could not find refreshment in its

buoyant democratic idealism.(Chase 165)

这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起;二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。

3.如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:

Dr.Beaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9).

值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。

4.如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号);点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:

Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(Nitchie 43).

5.若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:

Professor Chen Jias A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i).

圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线;规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字;其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。

6.如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:

Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35).

Farrington points out that Aristotles father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15).

这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及 The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。

7.评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。

When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(1.1620-21).

这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格;圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写;21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。

五、英语论文的文献目录

论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点:

1.目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。

2.目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码;如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm;各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。

3.各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等;各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。

4.各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。

现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。

Two or More Books by the Same Author

Brooks, Cleanth. Fundamentals of Good Writing: A

Handbook of Modern Rhetoric. NewYork: Harcourt, 1950.

---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats,

Eliot, and Warren. New Haven: Yale UP,1963.

引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名;各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。

An Author with an Editor

Shake speare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Ed. Louis B.

Wright. New York: Washington Square, 1959.

本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth;如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:

Blackmur, Richard P.Introduction. The Art of the Novel:

Critical Prefaces. By Henry James. New York: Scribners,

1962.vii-xxxix.

如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):

Emery, Donald. Preface. English Fundamentals. By Emery.

London: Macmillan, 1972.v-vi.

A Multivolume Work

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. 4 vols. London: Faber, 1928.

Browne, Thomas. The Works of Sir Thomas Browne. Ed.

Geoffrey Keynes. Vol.2. London: Faber, 1928. 4 vols.

第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容;第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。

A Selection from an Anthology

Abram, M. H.“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the Age.”

Romanticism Reconsidered. Ed. Northrop Frye. New

York: Columbia UP,1963.63-88.

被引用的英语论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英语论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。

Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers

Otto, Mary L.“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for Parents.”

Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-48.

报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3.3);1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。

Arnold, Marilgn.“Willa Cathers Nostalgia: A Study in

Ambivalance.”Research Studies Mar.1981:23-24,28.

月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月;23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。

Gorney, Cynthia.“When the Gorilla Speaks.”Washington Post

31 July,1985:B1.

引用日报上的英语论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。参考文献(略)

Today, my mother and I went to Xiaohe Gou, and we had fun.

When we got there, we saw that the fish pond in Xiaohe ditch was covered with ice. I want to go down to play on the ice, so I decided to try the ice thickness first. Because there were no thick branches on the riverside, so I lifted a big stone and threw it all in to the ice. There was a huge hole in the ice, and the shadow of a small fish was hidden below. Fortunately, I didnt go down easily, otherwise...

We continue to move forward. Those fish ponds show their true colors: I have made the "mask people" one by one.

A small stream blocked our way further. I looked at what could be used without wood boards around. Because the water is very shallow, I move a piece of big stone, three lower five in addition to two set up a stone bridge, my mother and my mother passed the brook, and also helped people to pass a bridge.

After crossing the bridge, we began to move forward. We saw a vacant area in front of us, and it was scraped evenly by bulldozers. Mother said that it might have been a natural ancient granary. The center of the loess slope is a circular open space, which is transformed into a natural granary. Why do I think so good things should be leveled and destroyed? I ask mother, mother said that this is the conflict between modern civilization and ancient history, and now people have destroyed the historical relics left by their predecessors for their own existence. If I want to live in the air, I will not destroy so many precious and rare historical sites.

Im very happy to go out today. At the same time, I realized the importance of life to human beings, and realized that the development and construction of society could damage the civilization of ancient society. I think life is very important, but ancient civilization is also important. We should coordinate the relationship between the development of modern civilization and the preservation of ancient civilization.

1. To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己。

2.Water is the source of ourlives

水是生命之源。

3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状。

4.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.

我们政府正努力制定措施与污染作斗争。

5.We are sure that well win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗。

6.Its high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.

是时候我们应该防止环境污染了。

7. Keep our mountains green，the wate clean，and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝。

8.However，natural resources are not inexhaustible.some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.

然而自然资源并不是无穷无尽的，一些储量已经到了穷尽的边缘。

9.If we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.

如果我们不为将来考虑，后代就会受到威胁。

10.Our earths days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了。

11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，……一定会有恶劣的后果。

英语日记带翻译

英语日记：English Host I did it

Yesterday, it was really a nice day. I got the English Host in the end.

Now, allow me to tell you the gain of writing English articles.

The first, I learned a great many new words. They are very useful for me. While writing, meeting some new words are ineluctability. And when I met the new words, I would look up the dictionary immediately, and I would remember them soon. Bit by bit, the new words will be in my mind.

The second, I grasped a lot of practical verb tense and sentential form. Such as Past Tense, Future Tense, Future Continuous Tense, etc.

They are very useful for my writing.

The third, I got many praises and encourages. They made me very happy, and I made progress more and more.

Last, I got so much fun. English writing makes me happy. I study in it, and harvest in it.

Dear my friends, what you got? Show us, and let us work hard together, grow up together!

英语达人我做到了

昨天真是美好的一天，我终于得到了“英语达人”称号。

现在，请允许我来与大家分享我在写英语文章时收获了什么。

首先，我学到了很多新单词。每当我在写文章的时候，遇到生词是不可避免的。当我遇到生词时，我就会马上查词典，我还会记住这些单词。渐渐地，生词就会不再陌生。

其次，我掌握了许多常见的时态和实用的句型。例如：一般过去时、一般将来时、将来进行时，等等。它们对我的英语写作很有帮助。

第三，我收到了许多表扬和鼓励。它们让我非常开心，我在这里不断地成长。

我还收获了很多的乐趣，英语写作使我愉悦，我在写作的同时也学习着，收获着。

亲爱的朋友们，你收获了什么？和我们分享吧。让我们共同努力,共同成长！

An English proverb says that time is money. I consider it (this) wrong.

Why? Because we all know that we can earn money by work but can not in any way

get back time (in anyway). For this reason, we may (can) say that time is more

valuable than money.Many people do not know the value of time. It (this) is

indeed a great pity. We must bear (keep) in mind that wasting time is equal to

wasting your life.

今天卓老师让我去听听学友元老级英语教师赵紫刚老师上的英语课，听说他上课上得很好，作为实习老师的听课与以往的听课应当不同的。可叹自己做了16年的学生，听了各色各样的老师讲课，或严谨或幽默，或深入浅出，或步步深入，习惯了听课只是记笔记，学知识，从来没有留心去观察老师上课的方法，但是这堂得听课，我的重点就是去观察一个老师是如何组织她的教学活动的。赵老师讲课声音很宏亮，我坐在最后面还可以听得非常清楚。第一次听课听的便是新单元的对话与短文理解。那些对话与短文我倒是可以讲清楚是什么意思，但是对于其中体现的语法，新单词的运用等我却并不能一一指出。尤其是那些什么形式宾语，定语，状语之类的术语，自己最是难以说清。再加上大学里学的英语多是欣赏阅读，很少涉及到句子结构语法分析。大二时讲的语法课是全英文的厚厚的一本，当堂课还知道讲的什么。课后全不知什么了，发现自己的英语知识只是零散的东一块西一片，没有形成整体的结构框架，不知道怎样串起来，也不知道哪里是重点。看见赵老师给同学们一条一条例举的详略得当又重点突出，觉得自己在教学太欠缺了，得好好学习一下了。但是我还没有直接问他因为我感觉自己能解决的问题自己先解决比较好。

与其他文体相比，英治议论文的结构一般较为固定，有下列几个部分组成：

1.提出需要议论的议题;

2.摆出正反两方面的观点;

3.表明作者持何种态度;

4.论证自己观点的正确性从而使读者接受自己的观点;

5.小结。

在具体写作中要注意下列几点：

1.议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，啰啰唆唆

2.正反两方面的观点一般都要摆出，有时也有只强调一种观点的，那么这就等于将上述第二点和第三点合在一起了

3.作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可

4.论证自己的观点是议论文的最关键的部分。论证手段与英语说明文中的一些写作手法相同，常用的有罗列法、举例法、因果法、比较法等等。

5.对于较长的英语议论文还可以在文章结尾时对全文要点作一小结。

下面这篇学生作文是较为典型的一篇英语议论文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.

翻开学生的作文本，许多学生生拉硬拽，无奈无味文字都会干巴巴的挤在眼前。例如：《洗衣服》许多孩子会写：我吧衣服泡在水盆里，放上水，再放一小勺洗衣粉，等十五分钟后开始洗。先使劲搓衣领，然后又在搓板上用力揉衣服。最后，打来清水把衣服投一遍晾在绳子上。三年纪是这样洗，到了五年级还是这样洗。由此就很让人怀疑他是否真的洗过一件衣服。而好多份几乎千篇一律的文字，则大多来自同一本参考书籍。

每每看到这些令人颇觉乏味的文字，都会是那个无奈与心痛：孩子们为什么会写得这样空洞？为什么写得这样难受呢？难倒只是缺乏细致的观察吗？难倒只是缺乏遣词造句、布局谋篇的技巧吗？不，不是的。归根结底学生不愿写，写不出来的一个重要原因是内心缺少了一种感情，一种对生活的点点滴滴的关爱之情。没有了这种情感，面对本来丰富多彩的生活就视而不见，听而不闻，一切都变成了过眼云烟，对生活的感应力、认知力降低。其直接结果就是每次作文总是先为;写什么;而苦恼。

纵观历代名家名篇：屈原满腔悲愤做《天问》；陆游忧国忧民写《示儿》；杜甫欣喜若狂述《闻官军收河南河北》；李白激情洋溢绘庐山瀑布。鲁迅先生笔锋犀利，无所畏惧，一篇篇恰似战斗檄文的作品至今依然是读者的首选。它们哪一篇不是作者情之所致，心之所致，而文之所致呢？因此我认为培养学生丰富的内心情感，提高生活认知力，激发出不吐不快的写作欲望，让一簇簇心灵火花烁烁闪耀是成就学生作品的一大要素。

那么如何培养内在情感，提高生活认知力，激发写作欲望呢？

借用诗人杜甫的两句诗就是：随风潜入夜，润物细无声。即把生活中点点滴滴的小事从学生身边信手拈来，开展朋友式的聊天活动，让学生在&ldqu;感知&rdqu;，（即在生活中的所见所闻）、&ldqu;感觉&rdqu;（即对所见所闻进行的浅显的评议）&ldqu;感悟&rdqu;（即透过现象看本质时所发表的比较深刻的见解）这三步曲中不知不觉地有话可说，有话愿说，有话会说，让一吐为快方觉舒畅地情感逐渐注满身心。

点评他人感悟，体验作者的创作激情，加强身心体验。

1. 以《穷人》一课为例。

《穷人》一课描绘了桑娜与丈夫不顾家境贫寒，生活艰难，依然抱养了邻居家的两个孤儿，与自家五个孩子一并抚养的故事。学生们认真阅读，并着重体会作者对女主人公心理活动的描写，以及对主人公语言的描写，从而明确作者的感悟皆来自于穷人们那些无私，善良的表现。

2. 入文想象，体验作者的创作激情。

在第一步体会的基础上，让学生们变成作者走进桑娜的家去看一看，然后谈谈自己的感想，再和渔夫出海打鱼，说说自己的体会。此举意在使学生深切感受到桑娜一家生活多么艰难，多么危险，最后让学生们想象自己是桑娜，是渔夫，去做一做它们的善举……在想象中，学生们慢慢体会到作者不仅仅是感觉到穷人善良就下笔的，而是在深刻体味到穷人们不顾自身苦难而忘我奉献的伟大精神时迸发出无限创作激情才成就此文的。与此同时，学生们也才会心旌激荡了。

如果说文中作者的创作激情对学生们是一种引领性的培养，那么生活中实践性培养、激发应是帮助学生提高生活认知能力，调动无限创作情感的必经之路。

点评身边琐碎，触动生活认知，调动写作热情。

生活中，每个人由于成长环境、机遇有所不同，生活色彩也就浓淡不一。但它与人心灵情感的充实与否并不成正比。也就是说，在平凡的生活中，依旧可以拥有一颗充实的心，一份洋溢的情。关键是如何拥有。是主动觅寻，还是被动逐波？当然选前者。而我们的任务就是要促动学生在生活的海洋中能够主动地游起来，且勇于追潮头，敢于立潮头，乐于领潮头。即能够树立自己的观点，发表自己的观点，升华自己的观点。这种观点就是学生对生活的认知，就是学生们的创作激情。

1. 随即点评身边小事，帮助树立正确认识。

一位同学在作文中提到曾经和他人为了好玩而一起爬墙头的事情，最后告诉大家千万要注意安全，别做危险的游戏。经过大家再三思议，觉得只是为了好玩而去爬墙头，不仅危险，而且是一种不文明的行为，是违反小学生行为规范的。还有的说应该学习创造一些有益的游戏，如果真想勇敢一次，不妨请解放军叔叔帮忙，指导……总之，同学们都认为应该做文明学生，学会对自己的行为负责。在大家的提议下，这位同学除了把爬墙时的危险动作描写更准确外，而且写出了爬墙的一些心理，细节等。如：骑在墙头上，开始还美得高举两手挥舞，忽然往下一看，呀，真高啊！心一下子怦怦跳起来，两手紧紧抓住墙头，腿也一下子夹紧了墙壁，身上热烘烘的……结尾修改后写成：这回不文明的大行动可把我害惨了，同学们可别学我呀！

可见，帮助学生点评身边琐事，自由认知，引导提高，使学生自然而然地感悟生活的积极意义，从而激发出学生高昂的写作热情，使作文更好地水到渠成。

2. 固定跟踪，积累看法。

以校园生活为例。学校是学生们重要的生活空间之一，与老师、同学、教室、校园的相处时间可谓长矣。感觉应是既熟悉又陌生。

说熟悉是因为每天相见，是自己身边的人与物，自然就多了一份亲切，说陌生是因为对人与物的喜爱与信任是需要培养的，所以也就多了一份生疏。然而正是这些熟悉的陌生人、陌生物，会成为激发学生跟踪议论的好题材、兴奋点。让学生去寻找那些人或物固有的特点及变化，然后抓住对人或物的外在感知，记录下自己的感觉乃至感悟。按捺不住之时讲给大家听。同学们边听边议，良好的创作情绪由此逐渐酝酿，慢慢生成……

例如要写《可爱的校园》时，发动学生先列举出校园从内到外的新颖、独特风景。大家看到校园的美，心旷神怡中感悟出这是师生辛勤劳动的结果，并且应该好好爱护。还有的同学能够认识到：人多力量大，人心齐泰山移，努力付出就会有美好的收获，收获是快乐的，更要好好珍惜。有了这些感悟，当学生再提笔时，不再是生搬硬套一份喜爱之情，而是凭着一份激动的心情去夸窗明几净，整齐有序，活泼美丽的校园了。

孔子说：知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。叶圣陶先生说：识得深切，写出来当然亲切；识得浅薄，写出来不免浅薄。一无所知，硬要写也没法写出。因此培养学生的认知能力，激发学生的写作情感，使学生认识到周围事物的价值，对周围的事物感兴趣应是引领学生们走入作文大门的重要一步。而且通过帮助学生点评生活，可以直接对学生进行潜移默化地进行人与人交往教育，社会道德教育，科学思想方法的启蒙等等，使作文与育人紧密结合，为学生的长远发展打下一定的基础。

议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求

英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧

一)、审好题

人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式，是书信还是短文。审题完毕，随即列出提纲。

二)、注重主题句的设置

主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence)，是段落的论点，限制段落中议论的范围，是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确，要明确表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”，帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点，让读者快速了解作者的观点。

1、确定主题句的位置

英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句，这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况：①在段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要，这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅，2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构，即主题句在段首。

2、写出好的主题句

好的主题句具有以下特点：①有一定的概括性，普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现，也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句：

1)Staying up late is bad for our health.

2)The more cars, the better?

3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.

4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.

5)a. Tom is a middle school student.

b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.

6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.

然后让学生对照主题句的特点，他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中，学生学会了如何写好的主题句，并且运用到议论文写作中，收到较好效果，见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。

Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

由此可见，好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点，起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点，运用多种方法展开论证，达到以理服人的效果。

三)、用好连接词和过渡句

从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅，句意转换自然，同时使表达合乎逻辑，文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构，但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点，或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散，势必削弱论证的效果，就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。

1、句与句的连接词

连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词，使句意连贯、紧凑，以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?

2.段与段的过渡句

过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次，或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句，效果明显(见下文，题目及要求略，黑体部分为过渡句)。

Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.

However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.

In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍，2005)

上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚，浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此，非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句，使议论文结构严谨，论点清楚，行文流畅。

1)引言段的常用过渡句

Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.

Different people have different opinions on the question of …

They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …

Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.

Although most people think… I believe…

此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意，自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题，或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。

2)主体段的常用过渡句

Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…

Some people think that… While others believe…

Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …

本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句，文章思路清晰，结构清楚，显示作者严谨思维，增强表达效果。

3)结论段的常用过渡句

As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…

Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…

As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…

To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…

运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段，作者或是重申论点，或是强调论点，以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。

英语议论文范文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.