关于爱好的英语作文高一(推荐20篇)

Today was the first day of my new life. I looked at my new books and

checked everything for the new school year. I was excited as well as

worried.

Entering new school, I was curious about everything, new classrooms, new

teachers, new classmates etc. It would be a new start for each student. And what

I was worried about is that I had no friends here. I wondered if no liked to

play with me. Were the teachers strict with students?

I fell relaxed when the teacher asked me, What else could I help you,

freshman?". I found that the teachers were kind and polite, and the classmates

around me were friendly. While I was thinking about how to get on well with my

classmates, my desk mate showed me his favorite Ipad4s. He wanted to play with

me, but I didnt know how to play, so he taught me patiently, and we played

happily.

Worries have gone, and happiness is coming.

Christmas is one of the most important celebrations of the year for the western countries. It falls on the twenty- fifth of December and has the same importance as Chinese New Year to people with English backgrounds. The celebration is for the birth of Jesus Christ, who is the son of God in Christianity. Now days Christmas is no longer only celebrated by the Christians, but by most people from all over the world.

On the twenty- fourth of December everyone gets excited for it’s the day before Christmas which is called Christmas Eve. The children are usually sent to bed early and are warned that “Santa Claus will only come and give you a present if you be good.” The younger kids actually believe that Santa will come down the chimney on the sleigh that’s pulled by his reindeers. Food like short bread and beer are prepared for Santa when he comes, however most times parents just eat them. Some children put socks and sacks up for the holding of the presents (that their parents put in).

Rise and shine on Christmas morning! The children are always the first ones to wake up, some even do at four. Present wrappers everywhere! They look into their presents with a big smile on their face and oh dear….I hope no one’s disappointed. I feel sorry for anyone that got pink underwear. Children play while dinner is prepared by the adults. The Christmas dinner are usually eaten together by relatives. The tradition of Christmas pudding and roosters are usually eaten with deserts afterwards. The rest of the day is usually games and fun before the good days all come to an end.

I wish everyone a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!!!

Last week, I saw a very impressive documentary about panda. A professor

studied panda in the early 1980s went to the wild life and kept trace of wild

giant panda for many years. As a result, he found that it was human being that

made these lovely animals die out. At that time, many people believed that giant

panda became less because of the low rate of newborn babies. But it was not

true. People cut trees for making profit at that time. Panda lose homeland and

they lacked of food. Thanks to these valuable data, the government took the

policy to protect the animals. So today, the number of giant panda is

increasing. People realize the importance of protecting the environment and it

is the best way to protect wild animals, they are the indispensable part of the

nature.

My New Years Resolution

2014 will be end ,and 2015 will be come. In the new year ,we must be have much wishes, because new year means that things end and another things start. So we need to make a new years resolution in order to the second year will be better. I want to share my new years resolution with you. Firstly, I decide to try my best to learn english. because my english so poor that it affects my other subject. I will face many differences, such as broadening my vocabulary, training my listening, improving my write and so on. I must work hard because I dont want to behind the times. Secondly, I will give up watching football games because every time it takes me two hours, which makes me not finish my homework. As a student, study is our duty, so I will focused more on study and less on playing . In order to my future, I will work hard.

2014年即将结束,2015年即将来临。在新的一年里,我们必须有很多愿望，因为新年意味着事情结束，另一个开始，所以我们需要让新的一年的决议为了第二年会更好。我想与你分享我的新年决心。首先，我决定尽我最大的努力学习英语。因为我的英语很差,它会影响我其他的科目。我将面临很多差异,例如扩大我的词汇，训练我的听力，提高我的写作等等。我必须努力工作，因为我不希望落后于时代。其次，我将放弃看足球比赛，因为每一次我花了两个小时,这让我没有完成我的家庭作业。作为一名学生,学习是我们的责任，所以我将更关注学习而不是玩。为了我的未来，我将努力学习。

I like reading for three reasons. first of all, books introduce me to a new world, which is colourful and without time and space limit, through reading, i can trace back. to ancient egypt, the cradle of human civilization. it can bring myself to the united states, a glamorous land i have been longing to visit. secondly, reading can better myself by showing me a new horizon. in the past years, most of my knowledge has been obtained from books. i have learned from many people by reading about their ideas on scithee, politics, life and society. thirdly, reading bridge the gap between my dream and my goal. in ordcr to succeed in my career in the future, i must keep reading, thinking and practising.

Dear Tom,

I would like to introduce my hobbies to you .

I like dancing very much.I always dance with my firends when I have nothing to do. Dance can help me keep fit and it is helpful for us to be happy.

Sometimes I dance one two hours with my friends. Though I feels very tired after dacing ,I am very heppy .

What is your hobby ?

I hope to receive your earliest reply.

亲爱的汤姆，

我想向大家介绍我的爱好。

我非常喜欢跳舞。我跳舞与我的朋友当我什么也没做。舞蹈可以帮助我保持健康，有助于我们快乐。

有时我和我的朋友跳舞一二小时。虽然之后呢我觉得很累，我很开心。

你的爱好是什么？

我希望能收到你的回信。

[英语写信作文：my hobby我的爱好

Since I go to high school, I feel the great pressure. High school is the very important period of my life, because if I study well, I can enter into my the ideal college and have the bight future. So I want to do my best, I don’t want to lag behind. The problem is that I can’t always be the top student, sometimes I will fail the exam. At that time, I need to adjust myself and take easy. The way for me to relax is various. First, I will listen to the music. Hearing the music can smooth my heart, it helps calm down, so I will get out of the annoyance. Second, I like to do some sports, such as jogging, basketball and tennis. Doing these sports also helps me let out my bad emotion and I become energetic again.

自从我上高中，我就感受到了很大的压力。高中是我生命中很重要的阶段，因为如果我学得好，就能进入到理想的大学，有一个光明的前途。因此我想要做到最好，我不想要落后。问题就是我不可能一直都是尖子生，有时候我考试也会失败。在那个时候，我需要调整自己，并且放松。我放松的方法是多样的。第一，我会听音乐。听音乐能让我的心顺畅，也帮助我冷静下来，这样我就能把烦恼抛去。第二，我喜欢做一些运动，比如慢跑，篮球和网球。做这些运动能帮助我释放不好的情绪，再次变得活力四射。

I have many hobbies, such as reading, writing, singing, drawing, watching TV and doing exercise. I think hobbies can make my life colorful. And I can make friends easier, because we have common interests and we have many things to talk about. Besides, having some hobbies can bring knowledge to me. For example, reading is a good way to get knowledge. I can not learn all from class, so reading can bring me other knowledge. Singing and drawing are skills. They can help me to improve myself.

i was thirty-seven then, strapped in my seat as the huge 747 plunged through dense cloud cover on approach to the hamburg airport. cold november rains drenched the earth and lent everything the gloomy air of a flemish landscape: the ground crew ran gear, a flag atop a squat airport building, a bmw billboard. so germany again.

37岁的我端坐在波音747客机上，庞大的机体穿过厚重的夹雨云层，俯身向汉堡机场降落。11月砭人肌肤的冷雨将大地涂得一片阴沉，使得身披雨衣的地勤工、呆然垂向地面的候机楼上的旗，以及bmw广告板等的一切的一切，看上去竟同佛兰德派抑郁画幅的背景一般。罢了罢了，又是德国，我想。

once the plane was on the ground soft music began to flow from the ceiling speakers: a sweet orchestral cover version of the beatles " norwegian wood". the melody never failed to send a shudder through me, but this time it hit me harder than ever.

飞机刚一着陆，天花板扩音器中低声传出轻柔的背景音乐，那是一个管弦乐队演奏的甲壳虫乐队的《挪威的森林》。那旋律一如往日地使我难以自已。这一次，比往日还要强烈地摇撼着我的身心。

i bent forward in my seat, face in hands to keep my skull from splitting open. before long one of the german stewardesses approached and asked in english if i was sick. "no," i said, just dizzy"

为了不使头脑胀裂，我弯下腰，双手捂脸。很快，一位德国空中小姐走来，用英语问我是不是不大舒服。我答说："不要紧，只是有点晕。

"are you sure?"

"yes, im sure. thanks."

"真的不要紧?"

"不要紧的，谢谢。"我说。

she smiled and left, and the music changed to a billy joel tune. i straightened up and looked out the plane window at the dark clouds hanging over the north sea, thinking of what i had lost in the course of my life: times gone forever, friends who had died or disappeared, feelings i would never know again.

她于是莞尔一笑，转身走开。音乐变成彼利·乔的曲子。我直起了腰，望着北海上空阴沉沉的云层，浮想联翩。我想起自己在过去人生旅途中失去的许多东西——蹉跎的岁月，死去或离去的人们无可追回的懊悔。

the plane reached the gate. people began unlatching their seatbelts and pulling baggage from the storage bins, and all the while i was in the meadow. i could smell the grass, feel the wind on my face, hear the cries of the birds. autumn 1969,and soon i wou1d be twenty.

机身停稳后，旅客解开安全带，从行李架中取出皮包和上衣等物。而我，仿佛依然置身于那片草地之中，呼吸着草的芬芳，感受着风的轻柔，谛听着鸟的鸣啭。那还是1969年的秋天，我快满20岁的时候。

…

true, given time enough, i can bring back her face. i start joining image-her tiny, cold hand; her straight, black hair so smooth and cool to the touch; a soft, rounded earlobe and the microscopic mole just beneath it; the camels hair coat she wore in the winter; her habit of looking straight into your eyes when asking a question; the slight trembling that would come to her voice now and then (as if she were speaking on a windy hilltop)-and suddenly her face is there, always in profile at first, because naoko and i were always out waking together, side by side. then she turns to me, and smiles, and tilts her head just a bit, and begins to speak, and she looks into my eyes as if trying to catch the image of a minnow that has darted across the pool of a m1impid spring.

当然，只要有时间，我会忆起她的面容。我追忆着：那冷冰冰的小手，那流线型泻下的手感爽适的秀发，那圆圆的软软的耳垂及其紧靠底端的小小黑痔，那冬日里时常穿的格调高雅的驼绒大衣，那总是定定注视对方眼睛发问的惯常动作，那不时奇妙发出的微微颤抖的语声(就像在强风中的山岗上说话一样)—随着这些印象的叠涌，她的面庞突然自然地浮现出来。最先出现是她的侧脸，大概因为我总是同她并肩走路的缘故，最先想起来的每每是她的侧影。随之，她朝我转过脸，甜甜地一笑，微微地低头，轻轻地启齿，定定地看着我的双眼，仿佛在一混清澈的泉水里寻觅稍纵即逝的小鱼的行踪。

i do need that time, though for naokos face to appear. and as the years have passed, the time has grown longer. the sad truth is that what i could recall in five seconds all too soon needed ten, then thirty, then a full minute——like shadows lengthening at dusk. someday, i suppose, the shadows will be swallowed up in darkness. there is no way around it: my memory is growing ever more distant from the spot where naoko used to stand-ever more distant from the spot where my old self used to stand. and nothing but scenery, that view of the meadow in october, returns again and again to me 1ike a symbolic scene in a movie. each time it appears, it delivers a kick to some part of my mind. "wale up," it says. "i’m still here! wake up and think about it. think about why im still here." the kicking never hurt me. theres no pain at all. just a hollow sound that echoes with each kick. and even that is bound to fade one day. at the hamburg airport, though, the kicks were longer and harder than usual which is why i am writing this book: to think. to understand! it just happens to be the way im made. i have to write things down to feel i fully comprehend them.

但是，让直子的面影在我脑海中浮现出来，我总是需要一点时间。而且，随着岁月的流逝，所需的时间愈来愈长。这固然令人悲哀，但事实就是如此。起初5秒即可想起，渐次变成10秒、30秒、1分钟。它延长得那样迅速，竟同夕阳下的阴影一般，并将很快消融在冥冥夜色之中。哦，原来我的记忆正在同直子原来站立的位置步步远离，甚至逐渐远离自己一度站过的位置。而惟独风景，惟独那片10月草地的风景，宛如电影中的象征性镜头，在我的脑际反复推出。并且那风景执着地连连踢我的脑袋，说着："起来，我可还在这里哟!起来，起来想想，思考一下我为什么还在这里。"不过这种踢法一点也不痛，一脚踢来，只是发出空洞的声响。甚至这声响或迟或早也将杳然远逝。但是在这汉堡机场，它们踢得比往常更长久、更有力：起来，理解我!惟其如此，我才动笔写这篇文字。我必须形诸文字，才能弄得水落石出。

A long time ago,there was an emperor who told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he liked,then the emperor would give him the area of land he would have covered.

Sure enough,the horseman quickly jumped onto his horse and rode as fast as possible to cover as much land area as he could.He kept on riding and riding,whipping the horse to go as fast as possible.When he was hungry or tired,he did not stop because he wanted to cover as much area as possible.

Finally,the horseman came to a point when he had covered a substantial area but was exhausted and dying.He asked himself,"Why did I pushmyself so hard to cover so much land area?Now I am dying and I only need a very small area to bury myself."

The above strory is similar with the journey of our life.We push very hard everyday to make more money,to gain power and recognition.We neglect our health,time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauties and the hobbies we love.One day when we look back,we will realize that we dont really need that much,but then we cannot turn back time for what we have missed.

So,take it easy!Do what you want to do and appreciate nature.Life is fragile;life is short.Dont take life for granted.Live a balanced lifestyle and enjoy life!

Since its rise, the Internet has been playing a more and more important

role in our daily life. It brings tremendous convenience and efficiency to our

lives. Online shopping is also a new rising thing brought by the Internet. Since

its increasing developing speed, some people think that online shopping will

replace traditional shopping. However, as far as I am concerned, it wont happen

in a short time.

Although online shopping is really very convenient, there are still some

strong points of traditional shopping which cannot be replaced by online

shopping. Firstly, online shopping lacks the intuitional impression of goods.

Sometimes the photos offered by the sellers are beautified with softwares, and

you will be disappointed to find the actual item is far from your expectation.

Secondly, returning goods in online shopping is quite troublesome, and sometimes

you only can achieve your goal at the cost of the payment of the postage by

yourself. Finally, there are too many fake products and cheats in online

shopping, and the quality of goods cannot be guaranteed as those in traditional

shops.

According to the points above, online shopping still needs some

improvements to totally replace the functions of traditional shopping. However,

the potential of online business is so huge that it will certainly take a great

share in the trade market.

My little cousin is only ten, but he knows more than any students in his grade.

He likes computer games and he is crazy about music. When he is free, he always listens to music. He likes many kinds of music, like country music, pop music, jazz and classical music.

He hates noise, when it is very noisy, he will be very angry and shout until people become quiet. So of course, he doesn’t like public places.

One day, I went shopping with him. On our way we saw a beggar. He thought the beggar was a drunk, and he wanted to tell him not to drink too much wine. But I told him that he was a beggar, he is very poor. To my surprise, he came in front of the beggar and gave him $5. Isn’t he kind?

He is like his father. They are both very kind and friendly, and a little funny. They both have big eyes and little mouth.

Although he is ten, his room is full of toy planes and toy buses.

This is my little cousin. Is he lovely?

[有关高一的英语作文

Today is New Years Eve morning, firecrackers sounding snap snap away. As

long as you take a look at the outside, red firecrackers everywhere, come

together to form a Red Sea. The family have their own homes going up in the

beautiful, it seems like in the match. My family is no exception, sweeping,

glass, cabinets, such as rubbing. Prepare the arrival of the New Year.

Afternoon, we posted in accordance with the custom of the Chinese New Year

couplets, father and a good paste, and then said to me: "I paste you posted, I

looked at the high level you say rich, said that if the lower rising good

you ", I asked my father why? Dad said: "The plan is a lucky," "Oh, I

understand," We posted on the Alliance are: evil Hongfu family happy is: wang

gas people to come into everything.

导语：你会跟大家怎么介绍你的校园呢?以下是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I love school.I think school is really cool.Let me tell you about my school life. I go to school five days a week.I m there eight hours each day.School is a big part of my life. My school day is long.My schedule is so full.There is always something going on.

My teachers are excellent.They help me to improve.They are very patient and kind. My classmates are good friends.We often study together.We always help each other out. We are like a team.We play games and enjoy activities.We laugh and have fun when we can.

My schoolwork keeps me busy.I have homework every day.I have quizzes and tests all the time. I like learning new things.I know knowledge is power.I m preparing for the future. My school is like a family.It s like a home away from home.I hope you feel the same way about your school.

【翻译】

我爱学校，我认为学校很酷，让我告诉你我的学校生活。我一周上学五天，我每天都在那里八个小时，学校是我生活的重要组成部分。我上学的时间很长，我的日程安排得很满，总是有事情在继续。

我的老师很优秀，他们帮助我进步，他们非常耐心和善良。我的同学是好朋友，我们经常一起学习，我们总是互相帮助。我们就像一个团队，我们玩游戏，享受活动，我们笑，玩的时候，我们可以。

我的功课让我很忙，我每天都有家庭作业，我一直在做测验和测验。我喜欢学习新事物，我知道知识就是力量，我在为未来做准备。我的学校就像一个家庭，就像一个远离家乡的家，我希望你对你的学校有同样的感受。

Everyone has his or her hobbies. My hobby is collecting stamps. I collect all kinds of stamps, mostly Chinese stamps. I started collecting stamps when I was in my elementary school. I enjoy collecting stamps because I can learn many things from these stamps. I hope my stamp collection will grow slowly to include foreign stamps. I plan to have many pen pals and exchange letters with them, so I can collect more stamps from letters.

每个人都有他或她的爱好。我的爱好是收集邮票。我收集各种邮票，大多是中国邮票。我在小学时开始集邮。我喜欢收集邮票，因为我可以从这些邮票中学习很多东西。我希望我的邮票收藏会慢慢的增长，包括外国邮票。我计划有许多笔友，并与他们交换信件，这样我就可以收集更多的邮票信件。

[我的爱好英语作文与翻译

i have a dream that a lot! but some macant do but i heard: "a person, have a dream, have goals, have goals, there ipower; a power; hathe power, life ifull of meaning." so im going to like the wordof one layer upward, become a successful person!

from third grade i have a dream ito have been admitted to the universitdepartment of insects, or other subjectabout biological, although thiroad itough, but i believe that: "along ahave a dream can come true in all things." so i trto effortto tragain upwards.

i have thiverbig dreams, because i have a passion for biologand insect, love, i think everone of umust have complete mission in the world, and i came into the world should be dedicated to the insect world.

anyway, everyone hagoaland dreamhe will be vertrmbest to make their own dreams, no matter adults, children and old grandpa and grandma must have been hidream, but someone hadied still unfinished, so be sure to cherish their own dreams, let him not onlthe big dreams, but most true eternal dream, everone of the world must come on!

As an outgoing junior school student, I have many interests, such as watching movies, reading books, searching the Internet, playing computer games, attending various sports. In the spare time, the one thing I like most is watching movies, because it’s very convenient and interesting. Usually, movies tell wonderful stories to us. They are humorous, sad, happy, intricate or thought-provoking. You can get many from a good movie. Besides, my favorite sport is basketball. Every time after I play basketball, I feel relaxed. I focus on the game and I don’t let anything to influence on me. It’s really a wonderful feeling.

作为一名外向的初中生，我有很多的爱好，比如看电影，读书，上网，玩游戏以及参加各种运动。在课余时间，我最喜欢做的一件事就是看电影，因为它方便有趣。通常来说，电影告诉我们精彩的故事。它们有的幽默，有的悲伤，有的快乐，有的复杂，有的发人深思。你可以从一部好的电影中学到很多。此外，我最喜欢的运动是篮球。每次打完篮球后我都觉得很放松。我专注于比赛，不让任何事影响到我。这种感觉真的很好！

[英语作文：我的爱好My Interests

导语：作为一名中学生，你对你现在的校园生活还满意吗?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Hi! I am a girl. I’m fourteen years old. I come from a small village of Guangxi. I am a student of Class 1, Grade 2. My School life is very interesting. Class begins at 7:45a.m. I have five classes in the morning. In the afternoon, I often have two or three classes. We learn Chinese, English, math, history, biology, geography, politics, physics and so on. I learn them with great interest. I like P.E. best. Because having sports is good for us and build us up. And we’ll have a sport meet this term, I want to take part in the long jump.

I have lunch at school at about a quarter to twelve, because my home is a little far from the school. After school, I often play basketball with my classmates on the playground. Sometimes, I go to the school library. In my spare time, I often practice speaking English with my good friends on the lawn. Because Beijing will host the 2008 Olympic, English is very important. Speaking English will help me to make more foreign friends.

My teachers and classmates are very friendly to me. I like my school life very much. What about your school life? Can you tell me?

【参考译文】

嗨!我是姑娘我十四岁。我来自广西的一个小村庄。我是一名1年级2班的学生。我的学校生活很有趣。在7:45a开始上课。我上午有五节课。在下午，我经常有2个或三个班。我们学语文、英语、数学、历史、生物学、地理、政治、物理等。我很感兴趣。我最喜欢体育运动。因为有运动对我们有好处，把我们建立起来。这学期我们将有一个运动会，我想参加跳远比赛。

我在学校吃午饭大约四分之一到十二，因为我的家离学校有一点远。放学后，我经常和我的同学们在操场上打篮球。有时，我去学校图书馆。在我的业余时间，我经常练习说英语和我的好朋友在草坪上。因为北京将举办2008届奥运会，英语是非常重要的。说英语将帮助我结交更多的外国朋友。

我的老师和同学对我很友好。我非常喜欢我的学校生活。你的学校生活怎么样?你能告诉我吗?

Life only have once, and people often do not pay attention to traffic safety has ruined my life.

In order to cut a lot of people, some do not go sidewalks or not go zebra crossing, dont look at the traffic lights, the rampage; Some in order to save time, resolutely climb over the rail, and the traffic safety of cloud nine. The results...

Now many people, cycling speed is very fast, there seems to be a urgent matter, the elderly, is unimaginable.

One night, I was window to write my homework, feel very tired, leaning in the window to have a rest. Suddenly, a young man, think good, extremely unexpectedly sit bicycle handlebar, not casual. But "it is the unforeseen that always have blessed", positive impact a flying motorcycle, because young people turn when too late, just listen to "bang" to a young man was playing out, head on the concrete, blood all over the floor, unconscious. I am a pain in the heart: a life will disappear in this way? How to call a person not forget!

Hi, do not obey the traffic rules, it is a price to pay, the consequences will be disastrous. "Traffic safety" in your heart, let us consciously abide by traffic rules, in order to avoid the happiness and sadness!

人生命只有一次，而人们往往不注意交通安全断送了自己的生命。

许多人为了抄近路，有的不走人行道或不走斑马线，不看红绿灯，横冲直撞;有的为了节省时间，毅然翻过栏杆,我行我素，此时交通安全抛之九霄云外了。结果……

现在许多人，骑车的速度十分快，好像有十万火急的事，结果车毁人亡，不堪设想。

有一天晚上，我正在窗前写作业，感到十分疲惫，便倚在窗前休息.忽然，一个年青人，自以为车技好，竟然坐自行车不扶车把手，漫不经心.但“天有不测风云，人有旦夕之福”，正面冲一辆飞一般的摩托车，由于年青人来不及时转弯，只听 “砰”地一声年青人被弹出去，头撞在水泥地上，血溅了一地，不省人事.我心里一痛：一个生命就这样消失了?怎叫人不刻骨铭心!

嗨，不遵守交通规则，是要付出代价的，后果将是惨不忍睹的。“交通安全记心中”，让我们自觉遵守交通规则，以免乐及生悲!

Many people believe that having a lot of money is the greatest happiness in

life. But I dont agree with them, because money is not everything. Money cant

make us a true man.

The way I see it, good health is much better than a lot of wealth. No

matter how much money we have, we’ll not feel happy at all if we are in poor

health. In order to be healthy, we must keep a positive attitude and have a good

living habit.

Apart from good health, we must be diligent at work. As long as we work

hard, we cannot just make a good living, but enrich our minds.

Additionally, we ought to give our helpful hands to others when they are in

need. While helping others, we can own a good fame as well as get more social

experience. Its really a good way to kill two birds with one stone. Only by

doing so can we enjoy the happiest life.

In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. while it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. high should be allowed more time for play. plying is not wasting time, as some think. it gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. which tends to be stifled by too much study.

Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. i do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. i do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole.