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自考英语写作基础教程(汇总20篇)

导语:我就是我,是有颜色不一样的烟火。哈哈哈。以下是小编为大家收集的几篇这就是我英语作文。供大家参考阅读。希望喜欢。

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基础写作技巧汇总

全文共 658 字

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一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论?

二、表现手法:象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托(正衬、反衬)

三、修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语?

四、记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙?六、描写角度:正面描写、侧面描写?

七、描写人物的方法:语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度:视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉?

九、描写景物的方法:动静结合(以动写静)、概括与具体相结合、由远到近(或由近到远)?

十、描写(或抒情)方式:正面(又叫直接)、反面(又叫间接)

十一、叙述方式:概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法:举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用?

十四、小说情节四部分:开端、发展、高潮、结局

十五、小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为:自然环境、社会环境

十七、议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证

十八、论据分类为:事实论据、道理论据

十九、论证方法:举例(或事实)论证、道理论证(有时也叫引用论证)、对比(或正反对比)论证、比喻论证

二十、论证方式:立论、驳论(可反驳论点、论据、论证)

二十一、议论文的文章的结构:总分总、总分、分总;分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。

二十二、引号的作用:引用;强调;特定称谓;否定、讽刺、反语

二十三、破折号用法:提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。

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更多相似作文

篇1:英语作文写作模板

全文共 1276 字

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导语:套用一些英语作文模板可以得到分数的提高哦!下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)

有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。

Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.

觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。

Some people advocate that ....

有些人在坚持认为_________。

They hold that ... 他们认为_________。

People, who advocate that ..., have their sound reasons (grounds)

坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.

那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。

Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.

强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。

Many people would claim that...

有人会认为___________。

Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.

俗话说,""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。

To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.

对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。

There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that...

万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。

When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as ....

提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____.

When faced with...., quite a few people claim that ...., but other people think as...

提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。

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篇2:说明文作文:阅读是写作的基础

全文共 753 字

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写好作文不是一件一蹴而就的事情。现在市场上有一些快速作文、作文速成法之类的指导书,当然是针对如今学生急于写好作文的心理,实际上这些说法都是不科学的。就算是天才,也需要在生活中有了阅历才能产生感悟,进而写出文章。一朝一夕就掌握写作文、写好作文的本领,简直就是天方夜谭。写好作文是靠真功夫的,真功夫怎么来?这就要在平时打好基础了。

阅读自然是必不可少的环节。写作是从阅读开始的,我们上语文课,学习别人的文章,就是一种阅读。当然,这种阅读是有限的,所以课外还应花一定的时间看些有益的书。那么,阅读读什么?怎么读?首先要明白,阅读是一种了解知识、了解他人的手段。别人的书就是他自己的体验与体悟,表达了对生活、人生或某事物的看法,这可能引起你的共鸣,也可能遭到你的反对,但不论是哪一种,对于阅读而言,这种情感的参与本身就是一次思维的锻炼,别人的书也可能是介绍某种或某些知识,那么你可以从中学到许多曾经不知道的东西,不是于无形中长了见识么?写起作文自然是得心应手。要知道,写文章并不仅仅需要语文知识呢,同学们应该清楚文史哲是不分家的,而且文与理工科都是有关联的,知识多了不压人。别人的文字也可能写得很美,你从中会受到启发:如何遣词造句、表情达意,如何构思,如何开头、结尾,这些积累起来不都是经验吗?别人的经历也许会教育你怎样做人,怎样面对困难,怎样与人相处,这些也有可能引发你的感悟,由此而生出写作的念头,不更是一举多得吗?阅读的好处同学们容易明白,但是坚持就不容易了,有必要提醒同学们,读书是要持之以恒的,同时要分门别类,有的精读,有的略读。最好是做读书笔记。

值得一提的是,读书要有怀疑精神,不能"尽信书",所谓的权威与名家他们也有不够好的地方,不要轻易为他人的观点所左右,读书的目的是要形成个人的观点,这才有创造性。

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篇3:小学语文写作的基础知识及技巧

全文共 1229 字

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语文考试内容所占比例在未来的学习中越来越大,那么如何让语文考试锦上添花呢?那就是在作文上花功夫。下面是小编为大家搜集整理出来的有关于小学语文写作基础知识技巧,希望可以帮助到大家!

(一)作文基础知识

1. 审清题意:“五审”:

(1)审清体裁(记叙文、应用文、说明文)。

(2)审清题材(人、物、事、景)。

(3)审清范围(时间、地点、人称、事件、对象具体限制)。

(4)审清主题(中心思想)。

(5)审清其他要求(附加要求)。

2. 确定主题:“四要”:

(1)主题要正确(反应生活实际)。

(2)主题要集中(一个文章不能多个主题)。

(3)主题要鲜明(明确表达自己对事物的态度和立场)。

(4)主题要深刻(深挖内涵思想)。

3. 选择材料:“四要”:

(1)围绕主题选择材料(多写与主题相关的内容)。

(2)选择真实的材料(真实可信,具有代表性和典型性)。

(3)选择新颖的材料(新人新事)。

(4)选择独有的材料(具有创新性)。

4. 编写提纲“五点”:

(1)拟好题目。

(2)确定主题。

(3)段落安排。

(4)每段的主要意思。

(5)重点段落的层次安排和内容。

5. 修改文章“五看”:

(1)是否切题。

(2)主题、思想是否明确、突出。

(3)看材料是否符合主题、内容是否具体、完整。

(4)看语言是否通顺、用词是否准确,有无错别字。

(5)看标点是否正确。

(二)看图作文 “一看二写,四要两注意”

“一看二写”:先看图,再写作文。

“四要”:仔细观察图画;展开合理想象;突出主题、抓住重点;分清主次,具体描写。

“两注意”:看清全画面内容;分清图上内容主次和表达的中心。

(三)记叙文·记事

1. 写清楚事件发生的时间、地点以及事情的发生、发展和结果。

2. 事件经过写具体。

3. 按事件的发展顺序来写。

4. 注意表达真情实感。

(四)记叙文·写人

1. 确定写作对象。

2. 确定人物的思想品质。

3. 选择典型的具体事例。

4. 抓住最能表现人物思想品质的外貌、语言、动作、心理、环境进行描写。

5. 注意表达自己的真实感情。

(五)记叙文·状物——“五要三注意”

1. “五要”:

(1)抓住物的特征。

(2)按一定顺序写。

(3)既写静态又写动态。

(4)展开想象,运用拟人等手法把内容写具体。

(5)托物言志,借物抒情。

2. “三注意”:

(1)仔细观察、抓住特征。

(2)明确中心,展开想象。

(3)根据内容,安排顺序。

(六)记叙文·写景

注意六点:

1. 抓住景物特征。

2. 注意时间、地点、气候等因素的影响。

3. 景物特点安排恰当的顺序。

4. 采用多种手法表现景物特点及变化。

5. 写出自己的感受。

6. 借景抒情。

(七)应用文

1.应用文大多以记叙文为基础,但是还要特别注意的是各种应用文的格式。

2. 常见应用文类型:书信、读后感、通知、留言条、表扬信、建议书和日记。

3. 具体格式:

(1)标题居中。(除了书信、留言条和日记没有标题,其他皆有)

(2)正文:另起一行空两格。

(3)署名和日期:先写署名,另起一行写清“*年*月*日”。

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篇4:英语四级写作模板

全文共 534 字

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There is no consensus [knsenss] 一致of opinions among people about X(争论的焦点)。Some people are of the view that 观点1,while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion(观念) is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据1。 Furthermore, 论据2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测

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篇5:2024考研英语写作热点素材大全

全文共 3684 字

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1.While the inclination to procrastinate is common, one must fully consider the detrimental impact of unnecessary delays.

虽然拖延的倾向是普遍的,但是人们应该充分考虑到不必要的延误造成的有害影响。

2.The tendency to take things for granted is understandable, but the need for one to rationally evaluate the circumstances of any situation is absolutely essential.

想当然的倾向是可以理解的,但是,理智地估计任何情形的情况是完全必需的。

3.Most people are under the illusion that a college degree guarantees success. There is no such guarantee without hard work.

许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。不努力工作就没有这样的保证。

4.Some stubbornly hold to the correctness of traditional practices, but in so doing they seem to totally ignore the fact that progress depends on change.

一些人固执地坚持传统做法的正确性,但是,他们这么做,似乎完全忽视了进步依靠变化的事实。

5.Generally speaking, previous parliamentary policy debates ignored the relevance of transparency.

总的来说,以前议会中针对政策的辩论忽视了透明度的重要性。

6.A precise definition of poverty is actually very difficult to determine. Where does one draw the line between those who are poor and those who are not?

对贫困的精确定义实际上是很难的。如何在贫穷和非贫穷的人之间划一条界限呢?

7.Admittedly, bribery and corruption are endemic to our political and economic systems, but it doesn’t necessarily follow that all politicians and business people resort to illicit behavior.

诚然,贿赂和腐败在我们的政治和经济系统中很流行,但这并不是说所有的政府官员和商界人士都采取违法行为。

8.There’s little doubt that a third World War is avoidable, but it is highly unlikely that regional conflicts will disappear in the foreseeable future.

毫无疑问,第三次世界大战是可以避免的,但是,在可预见的将来地区冲突消失是非常不可能的。

9.Some people assume that investing in stock is a safe pursuit, but their assumption fails to hold water when considering the substantial risk involved.

有的人想当然地认为投资股票是有把握的事情,但是,考虑到涉及的巨大风险,他们的想当然就说不通了。

10.Some people have called for accelerated across-the-board changes. Their approach quite frankly ignores the need for gradual but effective changes.

一些人要求更快速的全盘改变。他们的做法的确忽略了渐进而有效的改变的必要性。

范文一:

Recruitment Announcement

Do you want to be part of a high-level international conference? Do you want to have close contact with world-famous scholars? Here comes your opportunity: becoming a

volunteer for the 2010 international conference on globalization.

The conference will open in China on Feb. 28 and our university has been luckily selected as the host from 20 top Chinese universities. It will be a great honor and

also a challenge for us to organize such an important meeting, so in order to assure its success, 50 volunteers will be recruited from the students in our university.

If you possess basic English-speaking ability, good communication skills, and tremendous working enthusiasm, you will be the ideal candidate we are looking for.

What a great chance it is to display your talents! To seize such a marvelous opportunity, you just need to send your resume to our office in room 302 of the Teaching

Building 5 before Feb. 12, 2010. If needing more details, please contact us at our telephone number 12345678.

Postgraduates’ Association

范文二:

Volunteers Needed

January 9, 2010

To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on

globalization to be held on December 9, 2010 in Beijing. To begin with, applicants should have Chinese nationality, a strong professional spirit, cheerful personality

and be aged under 35. In addition, candidates must have outstanding skills at English listening comprehension and the ability to speak Chinese and English fluently.

Finally, students with relevant professional experience are preferred. Those graduate students who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of

their classes before February 1, 2010. Everybody is welcome to join in it. (107)

Postgraduate Association

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篇6:英语作文写作万能格式佳句11句

全文共 919 字

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导语:英语作文也是需要日积月累的练习的,下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!

1. We re often told that ......But is this really the case ?

我们经常被告知......但事实真是这样吗?

2. People used to ......however , things are quite different today .

过去,人们习惯......但,今天的情况有很大的不同。

3.some people think that ......Others believe that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both sides.But we must realize that ......

一些人认为......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理。但是我们必须认识到......

4.Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution .

认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。

5. It is another new and bitter truth we must learn to face .

这是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。

6. In short , we must work hard to make the world a better place .

简而言之,为了把世界变成更美好的地方,我们必须勤奋工作。

7.Lost time is never found again.

岁月既往,一去不回。

8.Everybody should have a dream.

每个人都该有个梦想.

9.Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望,做最坏的打算。

10.Failure is the mother of success.

失败乃成功之母。

11.Lets look on the bright side.

让我们往好处想吧。

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篇7:高中语文话题作文的写作基础

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如何写好高中作文,对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练,话题作文的基本要求:话题作文还是要审题,所写内容必须在话题范围之内。“立意自 定”,关键要读懂话题关键词的意旨,若给出导语提示,还应划出导语中包含归结的关键语词。一般初学者,首先要注意让这些关键词贯穿在自己作文的始终,统帅 自己的文意。以下是为大家分享的高中语文话题作文的写作基础,供大家参考借鉴,欢迎浏览!

如何写好高中作文,对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练,实际效果又发现学生完全没有一般思想认识的基础,真正可见现在所谓合格教育的成效,和高中教学要求的“架空作业”。

一、文章形式的革命——夹叙夹议

尽快脱离初中只重记叙,笼统归结的写法。高中的作文记叙只向最高水平开一条缝,你得复杂记叙,融情思与哲理于一炉,有最动人的细节和最精美的表达,巧妙蕴 含深刻的思辨和无穷的回味,这不是一般人能做到的,更不是学不会议论抒情的同学的避难所。所以,比自己多练议论,远比固守初中记叙的窠臼要有前途。高中的 记叙必须简约,只提炼能说明自己观点的内核,而尽量舍弃叙述的完整过程与细节。叙,惜墨如金;而起始学写议,应力求具体多点分析阐述。

二、文章立意的升华——深入浅出

叙完笼统归结是初中模式作文的又一通病,常常文章的结尾具有宽泛的普适性,而缺乏对文章应有之义作具体针对性的挖掘阐发,常常文章的“穿鞋戴帽”大到可以 套在无数篇文章上,却没什么真正的思考。高中作文倘使还用夹叙夹议,也要对叙的材料反复推敲,找出几例可以统一在一个观点里的材料,就材料的不同侧面来评 析议论,最后上升归结出恰当切题、言之有物的中心。

三、文章表达的提高——点睛生花

好的文笔追求更高效率、更多意蕴。描述中就渗透情思与评析,这是较高水平的表达。一般的叙议分段,也应注意所叙材料紧贴自己的议论,议论应采取逐层推进, 前后分界,避免相互缠绕。但又必须前后连贯,形成一个整体。在文章中一定写好精心组织的关键议论,努力使文章多处呈现运用一定修辞的文采。

话题作文训练举隅

话题作文的基本要求:话题作文还是要审题,所写内容必须在话题范围之内。“立意自定”,关键要读懂话题关键词的意旨,若给出导语提示,还应划出导语中包含归结的关键语词。一般初学者,首先要注意让这些关键词贯穿在自己作文的始终,统帅自己的文意。

规定“题目自拟”,一定不要用话题作标题。1、标题范围尽量要小,不要太大太泛;要合理出新,不落俗套。2、标题不能过长,可以采用副标题的方式对主标题加以限制。3、标题要含蓄,把思维蕴涵于形象的标题之中。

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篇8:写作基础知识:电影创作

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中国第一个电影文学剧本1925年发表于《东风杂志》上的由洪深编的《申屠氏》,小编收集了关于电影写作基本知识,欢迎阅读。

一、基本情况

中国第一个电影文学剧本1925年发表于《东风杂志》上的由洪深编的《申屠氏》

电影剧本与小说的区别:小说可夹叙夹议、评论但剧本必须注重造型。

剧本特性:造型性(叙事与造型合一),鲜明的表现性和动作性,多用动词,少用形容词

分别表现在人物的视觉造型上、场面的选择上,环境、气氛的渲染和把握上。

情感是影片最重要的力量。

心理描写,以往多用视觉形象来传达,如惊讶,睁大眼睛等,老套,做作。充分利用特写镜头渲染人物心情。

可以通过场景、环境对比和服装等视觉造型反映人物心理活到。

叙事也与声音结合:无论什么故事,故事情节都最重要。音乐有交代时代背景,烘托气氛,传达情绪的作用。画面外道德音乐烘托主人公情绪。要注意剧本所用音乐与剧本风格是否相符。

悲剧中加入喜剧成分,更渲染了悲剧色彩的对比力量。

二、结构

线索:单线结构,如《小鞋子》

网状结构

双线结构:一人一事结构,传记性结构,群像式结构

以两个人关系变化为设置结构,如《中央车站》、《秋天的童话》

戏剧式结构:激发情节——开端因素

复杂因素——人物在达到目的前遇到的困难、障碍

危机——处理障碍时遇到的

逆转——峰回路转

高潮

结局

美国西德菲尔德认为可分为三部分,开端四分之一,目标障碍中间的二分之一,结局四分之一

现代电影从单一封闭走向多义和思辨,更需要诚恳的年代,如《生活秀》

电影写作90-120页

开端10-15页 发展、高潮、矛盾高潮、矛盾激化、障碍与危机

结尾25-30页

非戏剧式结构

散文式结构——行散而神不散,情感的细微变化,不再是以故事为主,不注重冲突性,而注重情节性。如《城南旧事》,淡淡的哀愁,沉沉的乡思。

线性段落特点:不再讲述故事情节,而是着重人物思想感情变化。几个故事串联,不再注重大的情节,更注重细节。没油特别强烈的因果关系,淡化情节。如侯孝贤《恋恋风尘》、《冬冬的假期》

块状结构:段与段间无明确、必然的联系,无高潮冲突。

意识流结构:直觉性影响,潜意识,非理性的逻辑关系。代表:瑞典的伯格曼《野草莓》,法国左岸派电影《广岛之恋》,阿伦雷乃《八又二分之一》

三、电影剧作主题

人类文化的基本母体是两个:政治和性,这是最基本最永恒的。

政治是人生存生活的外部环境,而性是人的自然欲望。人性。

情节主题:要求达到某种目的。主题思想:创作者对生活的感悟。

主题的体现:叙事的渠道:情节——情节的选择要对主题体现有所帮助,否则不要

语言——对话、独白、旁白,忌说教

若主题先行过于明显,作品缺乏生活化。

造型的渠道——长短镜头和固定镜头营造的人与大自然的契合,自然美的画面,如侯孝贤的长镜头冷冷的角度却包含了他的悲天悯人的情怀。

主题的要求:1、单纯,不等于简单和肤浅。如《城南旧事》——故乡是生命的源泉,无论以后走多远。

2、传达主题的内涵要清楚,方式要含蓄。

中国人不喜欢一览无余,喜欢曲径通幽——意境

多义性:不同的人有不同的理解,主观性强

多主题:如爱情主题同时兼具其它主题

类型:1、爱与浪漫:障碍如何写:政治压力、阶级差异、疾病、外表、人内在的因素、偶然性因素、中年危机

2、危难与幸存:自然界,人类自己的失误和非理性

3、复仇:主人公不公平的待遇,伤害

4、成功与成就(励志片):外在障碍、挫折,内在的渴求、毅力与奋斗

5、探求与追寻:寻找:具体的找,展现过程,如何去找

抽象:寻找自我,寻找理想

6、团体、家庭纽带

特殊环境条件下相互关系,一班是群像人物,但也会有个中心人物

7、回归:具象:人、东西、出现,对现状重新审视

内在东西:人性的回归

8、奇幻:科幻,动画片,幻想带来心理上的满足

剧作如何分析,从声画关系、题材选择、叙事风格、剧作结构样式、情节构思、人物设置与性格塑造、细节运用、对话写作、主题内涵

对暴力的消解:暴力的正义化(好人胜利)、暴力的美学化(过程美)、暴力的娱乐视觉化

四、电影创作的情节

情节:经过作者加工后的故事

故事:直接的现实

关键两点:人物间相互关系和构成的历史

戏剧性情节:侧重于故事,完整性、生动性、趣味性

基础是矛盾冲突包括,个人与社会时代的冲突,个人与个人的冲突,人物内心想法的冲突。

开头,悬念的设置,怎么办和为什么

中间,保持悬念,设置障碍

使矛盾不断深入

增加人物、情节

不要偏离情节主线

结尾,释放悬念

一次性释放,合理性铺垫,出乎意料

大悬念中小悬念的不停释放

情节线索分为简单无副县和复杂两条或以上多条线索

淡化型情节:散文式情节,人物间细微情感的变化,生活中事件片段化,节奏散漫,形散要慢慢品位。

荒诞性情节:通常用夸张手法,有娱乐效果

意识流情节,人与过去、梦境、幻觉搅合在一起,生活流情节,生活的原生态类似于纪录片。

写作时一些原则和技巧:

1、转折,高潮时如何转折

2、蓄——放

3、不要过多揭示

4、时间跨度大时,历史感较强的影片,把历史事件编进去,可以有真实性和历史感

5、写好渐变,学会用细节写作

6、如何看待巧合与煽情:巧合即偶然性,煽情制造情感高潮时注意度的把握

五、悲剧

能给观众产生悲的审美感受

把有价值的东西撕碎给人看

摹仿比生活中更悲的人

性格悲剧,机遇悲剧

两种力量,来自正义一方受到失败,挫折

中国悲剧中往往缺乏哲学思考,西方悲剧侧重对人,对生命的探讨,而中国悲剧侧重于人在社会中命运的呈现。

悲剧体现出一种深沉的力量

悲剧类型:悲壮悲剧:英雄悲剧,英雄人物抗争中,死在悲壮中

悲苦悲剧:好人悲剧,在隐忍中毁灭

悲哀悲剧:主人公身上存在某种缺陷,源于无知,愚昧

悲剧的写作要领:

冲突双方对立的强烈性

必须让观众站在悲剧主人公一边

主人公内心世界充分展示

结局不要让大团圆结局来冲淡悲剧的整体,悲不一定要让主人公死去,让观众产生同情,并不一定要让正面人物以死结束。

悲与喜的艺术结合:悲的色调更浓,爱情悲剧是人生悲剧命题的永恒,将喜剧作悲剧的外包装,喜剧形式,悲剧命题。

六、喜剧的创作技法

错位,打破习以为常的生理秩序和心理秩序,些别、身份、时空错位

夸张

误会,非常态,尴尬

巧合

怪诞,变形

反差,身份反差

原则:要有生活基础,情感共鸣,重情节,细节,喜剧通俗性和广泛性

拼贴:经典画面,经典语言再利用

七、人物塑造

文学——人学——人文关怀

大众百姓:人的命运

大众情感

把人物留在观众心里是对电影人物塑造最高评价

人物塑造的基础是关于性格的塑造,性格决定命运。

人物在和社会环境发生冲突时,人物性格表现出来。

人物和人物的冲突,人物内心的冲突:两难选择(国家与个人,生与死,关于情感方面的选择)

具体方面包括肖像、语言、行动(关键行为、细节也能决定成败或改变命运)

注意:要避免性格的类型化、概念化,按代际划分一群人不太合适

避免性格的简单化、多面化

主人公应凸显性格特点

性格展示:定型展示

发展式:根据人、事、社会的变化

人物构思——剧作重要元素

包括人物、人物的行为动机需求(故事从头到尾的原动力)、行为

人物行动的具体情境、命运或结局

1、需求是剧作的原动力,主动需求如情欲、爱情、友情、亲情、性欲、物欲、利己欲、爱

被动需求如人与自然,人与社会关系

人与人区别在于性格和看待世界的方式所形成的处理问题的观点,个性与态度由观点与个性决定的精神上的气质

2、设置障碍:最大障碍莫过于生命的终结

客观障碍:战争、社会变革、灾难、疾病、死亡

人为障碍:内心障碍

3、人物的行动和态度

4、导致结局(命运)

人物小传

前史——内在的生活——形成人物性格(主要部分)——回顾从前(反常行为,包括童年经历、小时的人际关系、父母因素)

剧情——外在生活——揭示人物性格的部分

人物外在生活的组成部分,三部分生活,包括职业的、个人生活方面(爱情、家庭生活)、私生活(离开职业、家庭,自己独处时的个性)

确立人物谱系

人物关系变化——情感变化(情感经历)

包括亲情、友情、爱情

人物与事件的关系

人物决定事件

事件创造人物

对话写作

功能:交代说明,塑造人物性格,推动剧情发展

对白设计原则:低调的姿态表达高调的灵性

对话符合人物性格

符合特定的人物关系

符合特定的场合、情境

对白设计忌:过于重复、过于直截了当、过于零碎、过于冗长、过于雷同、过于呆板、过于说教、过于虚假

旁白和独白

主观式第一人称、客观式第三人称

忌大白话,文字性较强,意味深长,旁白的声音与文学不可分,要有味道,诗一般的语句,诗一般节奏出现。

独白:话外音出现的剧中人物内心的表达,叙述性语言,景物描写、人物肖像、人物行动。

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篇9:英语考试写作有方法

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1)做模版:拿几片范文,找几句比较拽的结构型句子,拼凑出一个你自己顺手的框架即可。不用到处找,也不用找很多,一个框架即可,当然,准备一些可以替换的词:比如recommendation替换conclusion.漂亮句子很多,但若水三千,我只掬一瓢饮。

2)找出主要的错误类型,每种写出一道两句经典的表述即可。

3)考时30分钟分三个阶段:一)12-15分钟,写出完整的第一段,三个征文段的topic sentence,和完整的末段。写第一段的同时就构思topicsentence,末段无非是重复结论和三句topic。这样的好处是结构已经完整了,你不用慌了。。二)13-10分钟,完成三段正文。我以前觉得这个很困难,后来想通了。无非是把这层意思说清楚就行。3句话就够了。也够长了。三)5分钟check.还一个作用时,是在前面没有完成,还有一个buffer,也不至于弹尽粮绝。

4)非常措施:考试万一时间不够,首段就抄原句;如果时间还不够,末段就cut-paste首段和topic 的文本,稍加修改即可。但是,结构是完整的。

5)ok作文法的精髓和适用范围:精髓:看上去很美。适用范围:不想得6分的人(因为想的6分的人追求的是实际上也很美。如果运气好,可以的5分,运气不好,可以的4分。

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篇10:古代文学论文写作的基础

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综上所述,要打好古代文学论文写作基础,阅读的量是相当大的。面对如此浩瀚的典籍,应如何阅读呢?方法有两个,一是细水长流,持之以恒。要有计划地选定一批书,在一定的期限内,每天拨出一部分时间,坚持不懈地读下去。二是处理好博览和精读的关系。阅读古代作品和有关文献资料,必须区别博览和精读,不能平均使用力量,重要的书籍要多下工夫仔细读、反复读,一般的可以采取浏览的方法略观大概。一个研究对象,总有少数几种重点书籍,如《诗经》,历代注释著作,少说也有几百种,但真正重要的、代表一个时期的研究水平和成果的,不过《毛诗正义》、《诗集传》、《诗毛氏传疏》、《诗三家义集疏》等几种,研究时必须把主要精力放在这些重点书上。博览也很重要,许多与研究的点有关的面上知识必须了解,就可以采取博览方式,博览的面要广些,但可以读得快一些、粗一些,中间遇到有与研究对象关系密切的问题则须仔细推敲。“精读”有助于增强读书能力,进而获得具体的学间知识,“博览”便于扩大知识面,为有时研究某一问题提供搜寻资料的线索。

读诗,在整个中国古代文学史上,诗具有至高无上的地位,可以毫不夸张地说,它是文学中的文学,正宗中的正宗,这不仅是因为诗歌源远流长,内容极为丰富,还因为其他文学体裁莫不受到诗歌的巨大影响,具有“诗化”的特征。如骄文这一体裁正是诗与非诗交叉的产物,处处表现出结构形式的诗化和表述语言的诗化,甚至连自然科学、社会科学和哲学著作里也有着诗歌抒情韵味的闪光。可以说形象性、情感性、音乐性广泛地体现在诗歌和一切非诗的作品中。强调读诗,还有一层意思,即强调吟诵。这是因为搞古代文学研究一定要有对诗歌的感悟能力。文学文本的解读不同子科学文本.相当大的程度要靠感悟。在诗歌研究方法中,理论、视角都是第二义的,第一义是感悟,有感悟,尤其是有个性化的感悟,不论从任何视角切人,都能有所创获,而没有感悟,视角、理论都是死的。感悟能力从何而来,一靠来自天分的灵性,部分则要靠吟诵与背诵。吟诵是古典诗歌研究的第一步,没有吟诵的工夫就进人不了古诗研究的殿堂,在吟诵间所获得的,超乎文字之外的独特感觉,是个性化研究的前提。

总而言之,为了加强自己文学艺术的修养,培养和提高研究古代文学和写作古代文学论文的能力,读书,多读书,用正确的方法有计划地读书,是为无数人的实践证明了的行之有效的途径。

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篇11:2024年高考英语写作必备佳句

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1. According to a recent survey, four million people die eachyear from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children haveunpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete withgraduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great effortsshould be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of internationaltourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on constructionof city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, whocomplain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严 重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend muchmore time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

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篇12:英语写作素材积累:8种实用句型

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英语写作想要拿高分,经典的句型不可少。下面是语文迷整理的8种英语句型,供大家阅读参考。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻,...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says, 正如谚语所说的,

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到,...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单,所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外,我们坚持认为,...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而,困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样,我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是,而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此,我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此,在我看来,更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是,....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说,我不能同意他们的意见,理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来,……一直被视为……,但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的,因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展,越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论,是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...,但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书,我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

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篇13:小学生写作基础及提升技巧

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会写文章,善于写文章,需要若干条件,其中一个条件就是练好基本功。以下是为大家分享的3小学写作基础提升技巧,供大家参考借鉴,欢迎浏览!

打好写作基础,练好写句子的基本功,要从把句子写完整、具体、通顺、连贯这几方面做起。

一、把句子写完整

怎样的句子才算是完整的呢?读读下面的句子:

1.我们劳动。(谁,干什么)

2.小蚂蚁运送食物。(什么,干什么)

3.哥哥是一名少先队员。(谁,是什么)

不难看出:在一般情况下,句子是由两部分组成的,前半部分交代“谁”或“什么”,后半部分交代“做什么”“怎么样”或者“是什么”。前后两部分说全了,句子才算是一句完整的话。

需要强调说明的是:知道什么是完整句,怎样的句子才算完整,这只是一个知识性的问题;落实在行动上,即平日在说每一句话,在写每一句话时,都要认真思考,反复斟酌,提高“完整”意识,不写残缺不全的句子,这才是最重要的。

二、把句子写具体

句子要完整,这是首要的。但在许多时候,句子只做到“完整”是不能准确表达意思的,还要做到“具体”。怎样的句子才算是具体的呢?读读下面这几组句子,体会一下:

第一组:

1、爸爸做工。

2.爸爸在工厂里做工。

分析:第二句写清了爸爸在哪儿做工。

第二组:

1.小蜜蜂飞来。

2.夏日,一只金色的小蜜蜂从远处嗡嗡地飞来。

分析:第二句写清什么时候,有多少,什么样,从哪儿,怎么样。

由上面这两组句子可以看出:在句子主要成分的前面或后面,写清什么时候(时间)、有多少(数量)、在什么地方或从哪儿(地点)、什么样(形状或颜色)、怎么样(态势)、达到什么程度(情境)等,就写清了事物外形特点、活动特点,就把自己要准确表达的意思写出来了,这就叫做把句子写具体。这样的句子就算是完整、具体的句子。

学习把句子写具体,这是一项极为重要的技能,需要同学们抓住人物或事物的特点,准确运用词语,进行持久练习。

三、把句子写通顺

句子通顺,就是句意明白,读得顺口。具体来说,句子通顺包括以下几个方面:

1.用词要准确,经得起推敲。例如:我们把门口的泥土消除掉了。句中,“泥土”不能“消除”,只能“清除”掉。

2.句中词语排列的顺序要合理。例如:正在花上,有几只漂亮的蝴蝶翩翩起舞。这句话改成“有几只漂亮的蝴蝶,正在花上翩翩起舞”,句子就通顺了。

3.词语使用搭配要得当。例如:公园里生长着各种树木和五颜六色的鲜花。句中“生长”和“鲜花”两词搭配不当,应改为“公园里生长着各种树木,盛开着五颜六色的鲜花”。

4.句中各词语的意思不能自相矛盾。例如:我断定他大概是王小刚的哥哥。句中“断定”与“大概”矛盾,应删掉“大概”。

5.关联词语的使用恰到好处。例如:只有天下雨,地才会湿。“下雨”不是“地湿”的唯一条件,因此,第一句应改为:只要天下雨,地就会湿。

6.句意明白,合乎实际,符合情理。例如:博物馆里展出了五千多年前新出土的文物。说“五千多年前新出土的文物”不合实际,应改为:博物馆里展出了新出土的五千多年前的文物。

四、把句子写连贯

连贯,即句子之间连接贯通。显然,把句子写连贯,这是指写几句话(又叫“句群”)来说的。

翻开某些同学的作文本,段落中上下句不连贯的现象比比皆是,主要表现在:句子之间无顺序,承接不紧密,跨度大;上下句之间,被描述的对象(即“主语”)重复出现,不会运用“他(她)”或者“它”这些人称代词。怎样才能做到把句子写连贯呢?

1.合理安排顺序,使句子连贯。

有顺序,这是写几句意思连贯的话的最基本的要求。这就要求我们,在写几句话时,一定不能东一句、西一句,想到哪儿就写到哪儿;总要围绕既定的中心意思,按照一定的顺序,把相关的句子组织在一起,使句子前后连贯。

2.学会运用“他(她)”或“它”这些人称代词,使句子连贯。

读读下面这段话,想一想,有什么毛病,怎样说才好:

妈妈的衣袖破了。妈妈赶忙从抽屉里拿出一个小布包。妈妈先从布包里拿出一根针,一根青线,用牙咬了咬线头,把线头穿过针眼。妈妈又从布包里找出一小块布,贴在破了的地方,然后一针一线地缝起来。

读后,大家一定会发现:这几句话写的对象是妈妈,主要写的是妈妈缝补衣服时所作的准备工作,是按事情经过的先后顺序排列的。只是由于这四句话的开头重复出现“妈妈”一词,因此读起来显得很拗口。如果把后面三句开头中的“妈妈”改成“她”字,这几句话就连贯多了。

这就告诉我们:在几个句子里,如果写的是同一个人物(或事物),后面再指这个人物(或事物)时,就可以用“他(她)”或“它”来代替。

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篇14:写作基础:读后感的基本写作方法

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在读过一篇文章或一本书之后,把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来,写成的文章就叫“读后感”。小编收集了写作基础:读后感的基本写作方法,欢迎阅读。

一、读后感的概念

读后感的概念有两重含义:一是真实的、不受任何约束的读后感,二是一种作文的体裁,考试时要接受各种条件的约束。下面这篇读后感,就接近于第一种读后感。写这种读后感,主要是给自己看的,一定要真实,有什么感想(当然感想应当有意义,值得一写)就写什么感想,与心得笔记不同,它要展开来写,尽量像一篇文章,尽量写得生动、实在、深刻。一般应当写清楚读了什么,有什么感想,联想到了什么,对自己有什么作用等。它不追求文体、格式框框,写起来也可长可短。

二、读后感的写法

写读后感最重要的一点是要读出所读书籍或者文章的“眼睛”,它是你展开来写的基础、中心和出发点,这个问题我们已经在上一讲里说过了,这里就不多讲了。其次,写读后感,有它一定的规矩,有的书上把它归纳为“引、议、联、结”,四个字,想公式一样。对于这些规矩我们不可以不学,考试时只要内容有创意,套用这种公式未尝不可;但我们也不要受其所限,写成千篇一律的“八股文”,也可尝试在结构上有自己的创意,有自己的个性。但不管怎样,读后感也离不开“读”——对原文的引述、概括、评价等等,离不开“感”——自己的感想。只要把这两个字表达好了,就是好的读后感。

三、写读后感的基本技巧

在读过一篇文章或一本书之后,把获得的感受、体会以及受到的教育、启迪等写下来,写成的文章就叫“读后感”。

读后感的基本思路

(1)简述原文有关内容。如所读书、文的篇名、作者、写作年代,以及原书或原文的内容概要。写这部分内容是为了交代感想从何而来,并为后文的议论作好铺垫。这部分一定要突出一个“简”字,决不能大段大段地叙述所读书、文的具体内容,而是要简述与感想有直接关系的部分,略去与感想无关的东西。

(2)亮明基本观点。选择感受最深的一点,用一个简洁的句子明确表述出来。这样的句子可称为“观点句”。这个观点句表述的,就是这篇文章的中心论点。“观点句”在文中的位置是可以灵活的,可以在篇首,也可以在篇末或篇中。初学写作的同学,最好采用开门见山的方法,把观点写在篇首。

(3)围绕基本观点摆事实讲道理。这部分就是议论文的本论部分,是对基本观点(即中心论点)的阐述,通过摆事实讲道理证明观点的正确性,使论点更加突出、更有说服力。这个过程应注意的是,所摆事实、所讲道理都必须紧紧围绕基本观点,为基本观点服务。

(4)围绕基本观点联系实际。一篇好的读后感应当有时代气息,有真情实感。要做到这一点,必须善于联系实际。这“实际”可以是个人的思想、言行、经历,也可以是某种社会现象。联系实际时也应当注意紧紧围绕基本观点,为观点服务,而不能盲目联系、前后脱节。

以上四点是写读后感的基本思路,但是这思路不是一成不变的,要善于灵活掌握。比如,“简述原文”一般在“亮明观点”前,但二者先后次序互换也是可以的。再者,如果在第三个步骤摆事实讲道理时所摆的事实就是社会现象或个人经历,就不必再写第四个部分了。

四、写读后感应注意的问题

第一是要重视“读”

在“读”与“感”的关系中,“读”是“感”的前提、基础;“感”是“读”的延伸或者说结果。必须先“读”而后“感”,不“读”则无“感”。因此,要写读后感首先要读懂原文,要准确把握原文的基本内容,正确理解原文的中心思想和关键语句的含义,深入体会作者的写作目的和文中表达的思想感情。

第二是要准确选择感受点

读完一本书或一篇文章,会有许多感想和体会;对同样一本书或一篇文章,不同的人从不同的角度思考问题,更是会产生不同的看法、受到不同的启迪。以大家熟知的“滥竽充数”成语故事为例,从讽刺南郭先生的角度去思考,可以领悟到没有真本领蒙混过日子的人早晚要“露馅”,认识到掌握真才实学的重要性;若是考虑在齐宣王时南郭先生能混下去的原因,就可以想到领导者要有实事求是的领导作风,不能搞华而不实,否则会给混水摸鱼的人留下空子可钻;再要从管理体制的角度去思考,就可进一步认识到齐宣王的“大锅饭”缺少必要的考评机制,为南郭先生一类的人提供了饱食终日混日子的客观条件,从而联想到改革开放以来,打破“铁饭碗”,废除大锅饭的必要性。

一篇读后感,不能写出诸多的感想或体会,这就要加以选择。作为初学者,就要选择自己感受最深又觉得有话可说的一点来写。要注意把握分析问题的角度,注意联系自己的实际情况,从众多的头绪中选择最恰当的感受点,作为全文议论的中心。

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篇15:关于天气的英语写作素材

全文共 2363 字

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中考英语作文中经常会出现跟天气有关的题材,下面是语文迷网为大家提供的关于天气的英语作文素材,一起来看看吧。

1. It rained cats and dogs last night. 昨晚雨下得很大。

Rain cats and dogs是一句非常受欢迎的俚语,几乎每个学英语的学生都懂得用 rain cats and dogs 来形容雨下得很大。

当然如果你不想用俚语的讲法,你可以说:"Its raining really hard.(雨下得很大)"或是"Were having a heavy rain."同样也是“雨下得很大”。

那“雨下得很大,我被淋成了落汤鸡”这整句话要怎么讲?“落汤鸡”在英文里常用"I am soaked."(我湿透了)来形容。因此,我们可以说:Its raining cats and dogs out there so Im soaked.

2. We had a downpour. 我们刚遇到了一场倾盆大雨。

中文里常形容下雨像是用“倒”的一样,这在英文里也有同样对等的字眼喔!英文里用的是 downpour 这个词。所以“下雨像是用倒的”我们可以说:"We had a downpour."

另外有一个十分口语的讲法就是"Its really coming down out there.",也是形容雨下得很大,像是用“倒”的一样。

3. Its just sprinkling. 只是在下毛毛雨而已。

在英文里不管下“毛毛雨”或是“毛毛雪”我们都可以用 drizzle 和 sprinkle 这两个动词来表示。

Drizzle 这个词就是气象术语“下毛毛雨”的意思,而sprinkle 则是一个动词表示“撒”,但也常被用来形容毛毛雨。

常听到的用法就是:"Its drizzling." 或是 "Its sprinkling."另外还有一个词叫 scattered rain,指的则是“零零星星地降雨”。

例如:We have to cancel the track and field contest because of the scattered rain.因为零星的降雨所以我们必须取消田径赛。

天气的英语单词

downpour, shower 暴雨

storm, tempest 暴风雨

lightning 闪电

land wind 陆风

hurricane 飓风

cyclone 旋风

typhoon 台风

whirlwind 龙卷风

gale 季节风

gust of wind 阵风

breeze 微风

fog 浓雾

dew 露水

humidity 潮湿

freeze 冰冻

snowflake 雪花

snowfall 降雪

waterspout 水龙卷

dead calm 风平浪静

Indian summer 小阳春

drought 干旱

AM Clouds / PM Sun=上午有云/下午后晴

AM Showers=上午阵雨

AM Snow Showers=上午阵雪

AM T-Storms=上午雷暴雨

Clear=晴朗

Cloudy=多云

Cloudy / Wind=阴时有风

Clouds Early / Clearing Late=早多云/晚转晴

Drifting Snow=飘雪

Drizzle=毛毛雨

Dust=灰尘

Fair=晴

Few Showers=短暂阵雨

Few Snow Showers=短暂阵雪

Few Snow Showers / Wind=短暂阵雪时有风

Fog=雾

Haze=薄雾

Hail=冰雹

Heavy Rain=大雨

Heavy Rain Icy=大冰雨

Heavy Snow=大雪

Heavy T-Storm=强烈雷雨

Isolated T-Storms=局部雷雨

Light Drizzle=微雨

Light Rain=小雨

Light Rain Shower=小阵雨

Light Rain Shower and Windy=小阵雨带风

Light Rain with Thunder=小雨有雷声

Light Snow=小雪

Light Snow Fall=小降雪

Light Snow Grains=小粒雪

Light Snow Shower=小阵雪

Lightening=雷电

Mist=薄雾

Mostly Clear=大部晴朗

Mostly Cloudy=大部多云

Mostly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时阴有风

Mostly Sunny=晴时多云

Partly Cloudy=局部多云

Partly Cloudy/ Windy=多云时有风

PM Rain / Wind=下午小雨时有风

PM Light Rain=下午小雨

PM Showers=下午阵雨

PM Snow Showers=下午阵雪

PM T-Storms=下午雷雨

Rain=雨

Rain Shower=阵雨

Rain Shower/ Windy=阵雨/有风

Rain / Snow Showers=雨或阵雪

Rain / Snow Showers Early=下雨/早间阵雪

Rain / Wind=雨时有风

Rain and Snow=雨夹雪

Scattered Showers=零星阵雨

Scattered Showers / Wind=零星阵雨时有风

Scattered Snow Showers=零星阵雪

Scattered Snow Showers / Wind=零星阵雪时有风

Scattered Strong Storms=零星强烈暴风雨

Scattered T-Storms=零星雷雨

Showers=阵雨

Showers Early=早有阵雨

Showers Late=晚有阵雨

Showers / Wind=阵雨时有风

Showers in the Vicinity=周围有阵雨

Smoke=烟雾

Snow=雪

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篇16:高考英语写作素材:英语课文经典句子

全文共 4367 字

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课文中的经典句子,又是精华中的精华,背熟之后对你的写作语法有很大的帮助。下面来看看小编为大家带来的英语课文经典句子吧,希望对你有帮助。

1、 Flora,whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.

2、 Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.

3、 The garden that was once so beautiful was completely destroyed, swept away by the wild water.

4、 I found some photos of interesting places which were not too far away from Chengdu.

5、 He told me that I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei, which wasn’t too expensive.

6、 First,we went to Leshan, where we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha.

7、 Looking up at the large head and down at the large feet makes you feel so small.

8、 Wei Bin took photos of us standing in front of the Buddha.

9、 Steven Spielberg, whose mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946 in a small town in America.

10、 In 1959 Spielberg won a prize for a film which he made when he was thirteen years old.

11、 The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.

12、 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.

13、 This was the moment when Spieberg’s career really took off.

14、 I hate hiking and Im not into classical music.

15、 I surf the Internet all the time and I like playing computer games.

16、 Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.

17、 When are you off to Guangzhou?

18、 My plane leaves at seven, so I think we’ll take a taxi.

19、 See you when I get back.

20、 The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.

21、 Now ,the water, which was cold as ice and flowed faster than a river, was above her knees.

22、 Jeff and Flora looked into each other’s face with a look of fright.

23、 Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.

24、 One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.

25、 He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.

26、 Chuck learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.

27、 When he makes friends with Wilson, he understand that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.

28、 The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.

29、 I found the bathroom, but I didn’t find what I was looking for.

30、 Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way back.

31、 There are more than 42 countries where the majority of the people speak English.

32、 In total, for more than 375 million people English is their mother tongue.

33、 In China students learn English at school as a foreign language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a first or a second language.

34、 In only fifty years, English has developed into the language most widely spoken and used in the world.

35、 With so many people communicating in English every day ,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

36、 For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.

37、 In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess “(meaning “I think”),just as the British did 300 years ago.

38、 At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages ,ending up with different words.

39、 Except for these differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.

40、 However,most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.

41、 Many people travel because they want to see other countries and visit places that are famous, interesting or beautiful.

42、 Many of today’s travelers are looking for an unusual experience and adventure travel is becoming more and more popular.

43、 Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.

44、 Hiking is fun and exciting, but you shouldn’t forget safety.

45、 A raft is a small boat that you can use to paddle down rivers and streams.

46、 If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees or rocks.

47、 The name “whitewater “comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.

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篇17:四级英语写作知识归纳

全文共 2772 字

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1)主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy。

It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…

It is / that

2)宾(表)语从句

We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates。

The problem is not who will go, but who will stay。

3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,

There are many reasons why I want to study in your university。

It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste。

4)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him。

Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers。

5)分词短语做定语或状语

Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better。

6)倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem。

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots。

7)被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem。

He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds。

Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)

8)设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

9)比较

1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B。

3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that.。。

4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that.。。

5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages。

6.Like anything else, it has its faults。

7.A and B has several points in common。

8.A bears some resemblances to B。

9.However, the same is not applicable to B。

10. A and B differ in several ways。

11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects。

12. People used to think ..., but things are different now。

13. The same is true of B。

14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks。

15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .。。

10)原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation。

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors。

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that.。。

4. The factors that contribute to this

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that.。。

6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are.。。

7. Part of the explanations for it is that .。。

8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that .。。

9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is .。。

10. Perhaps the primary factor is that …

11. But the fundamental cause is that .。。

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篇18:英语写作经典句式积累

全文共 13591 字

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下面是语文迷网小编为大家整理的英语写作的经典句式,希望对你有帮助。

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者,有如下理由:

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view&nbsnbsp;is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点,有以下原因:

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生,要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化,近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲,退休以后,阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说,找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的,正如那句老话:活到老,学到老

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象,校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作,学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力,而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.

近几十年,尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变,但必须承认,由于学费和书费日益飞涨,资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此,业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论,我们不难得出结论:业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响,我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作,这将有利于学生和他们的家庭,甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在,越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适,减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时,随着这些机器带给我们的好处,员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面,失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查,越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论,我完全相信,随着现代社会的进步,幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年,国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用,应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言,我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制,理由如下:

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外,为了吸引旅游者,大量人工设施被修建,这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化,一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此,国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年,父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job&nbsnbsp;markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点,通过学习,他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识,当他们长大后,这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先,额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出,孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后,从事一些体育活动,而不是额外的学习,是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期,缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二,从心理上讲,大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

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篇19:英语考研应用文写作复习方法

全文共 2182 字

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对于考研英语应用文写作来说,考生平时复习时不仅要注意应用文写作特点、格式要求,还要有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。考研辅导专家建议广大考生不要简单认为应用文的复习就是复习相应的格式,格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求,除了应用文特定的格式外,还要背诵一些经典的套话,在平时的写作训练中培养迅速构思成篇的能力,注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。下面,我们就针对应用文写作中的私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告几种形式介绍一下写作技巧。

一、私人和公务信函

信函是很重要的一种应用文。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具,与同学们的生活、学习比较密切,也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信,谈事情的同时又交流感情,是四级考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常见的一种信函,研究生英语考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常考的是公共信函。所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信,主要是为了办事,比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。

信函一般都是由写信时间、信内地址、称呼、信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角,寄信人地址要写在右上角,寄信人地址也可以不写,姓名写在地址上面,地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼,信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如:sincerelyyours,faithfullyyours或者yourssincerely,yoursfaithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则,即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。

正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体,不用含糊抽象的词如:本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确,层次要清楚,让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅,避免迂回冗长的长句,使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往,同样需要以礼待人,因而在写信过程中,要避免伤害对方感情,措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词,要自然得体,彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则,不能以自己为中心,要尊重对方的习俗爱好,即便是拒绝,也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式,避免语法、拼写、标点错误,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。

二、备忘录

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文,主要用来提醒、督促对方,或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址,称呼,事因,正文,结束语,和署名,备忘录上一定要说明什么时间,谁写的?写给谁?什么事?并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

三、摘要

接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种,一种是文章摘要,一种是论文摘要。

文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要,文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括,内容上要涵盖全文,语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文,弄懂文章大意;摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致;摘要应该简明扼要,字数在规定的字数范围内;摘要最好不要照搬原文,应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点;并且注意千万不要照抄,也千万不要评论,只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。

第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文,硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程,多采用一般过去时;说明某课题现已取得的成果,宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型,比如表示研究目的,可以用Inorderto……Thispaperdescribes……Thepurposeofthisstudyis……,表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用Theauthors[suggest/conclude/consider]that……。

四、报告

最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种,第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识,比如作者生平,时代简介等,接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括,与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同,读书报告也要注意时态,比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告,书面报告考试(专业课历年考研试卷)的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似,所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级,它也需要交代清楚四件事:什么时间?谁写的?写给谁?什么事?

当然,应用文写作能力的提高必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在复习阶段,首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式,注意事项,写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文,要整段整段的背,不仅是背会而且要脱口而出,并且转换成自己的语言,写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次,是要多动手写作,要写出属于自己的文章,多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查,看有无语法错误,有无用词不当,能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思,可以让同学帮忙检查,让同学提一些宝贵的意见和建议。总的来说,虽然大家对应用文的写作还比较陌生,但是只要认真对待,只要花时间背范文了,花时间写文章了,就一定能取得理想成绩。

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篇20:2024中学必备英语写作素材汇总

全文共 3991 字

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1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensive quality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly,

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I 大写)

46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion

53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way

55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…

57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition

58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59.长远利益. interest in the long run

60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62.取其精髓,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs。

63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth

67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …

68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides。

No garden without weeds。

69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person。

70.重视 attach great importance to…

71.社会地位 social status

72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…

76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal

77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth。

80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with

81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary。

82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of

83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water

84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…

87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of

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