英语说明文写作模板高中汇集20篇

Which is better, shopping online or traditional shopping? Different people

have different attitudes towards it. Some people think that online shopping is

very convenient, for it can save them a lot of time and energy. It’s especially

helpful for those who are always busy with their work. Besides, through the

internet, they can get more information about the commodities they want to buy

and buy a lot of things that cannot be bought in local places.

Nevertheless, I’m not keen on online shopping at all, since most

commodities which are bought online are of poor quality. Once we are cheated, we

may find it difficult to make a complaint. Thus we should take more cautions

when shopping online.

In my eyes, I prefer traditional shopping, because I can choose what I

really need. Also, I can know the quality of every commodity more clearly. Even

if there’s something wrong with the commodities, I can still ask the sellers to

compensate for my loss.

说明文首要的一点是明确说明的 对象，然后用准确的语言，结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。常用的说明手法有下定义、分类别、作比较、引资料、举例子、列数字、画图表等。下定义，即给要说明的对象下一个明确的定义。如博物馆的定义就是征集、保藏、陈列和研究代表自然和人类的实物,并为公众提供知识、教育和欣赏的文化教育机构。分类别是将要说明的对象按照某种标准划分类别，以帮助读者对事物的理解。如电视机，可以分为彩色电视机和黑白电视机。作比较，即将这种事物与那种事物比较异同，从而更清楚地说明事物的特点。如将城市和乡村作比较，将大学和幼儿园作比较等。作比较的时候一定要注意比较的事物之间应当具有可比性，不能生拉硬扯，也不能不尊重客观事实，胡乱比较。为了说明某种事物的特点，有时候需要介绍它的背景、原理、历史等，这时就要用到引资料这种手法。比如我们要对长城进行说明，适当地引用一些历史文献，就更有助于今天的人们了解长城的历史，从而加深对长城中所蕴含的民族精神的认识。在复杂说明文中，列图表具有不可替代的优势。大量的数据、冗长的叙述、复杂的相互关系等，都可以通过图表得到直观的表达。

按说明的对象不同，说明文可分为事物说明文和事理说明文。前者着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等，后者则重在说明事理。这两类说明文常用的写作手法也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征，常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法，事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征，地要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候，在同一篇文章中，几种说明手法都要用到，相辅相成，互为补充。

如何使说明文物理并重、形神兼备的呢?首要的一点是观察。说明文写作的前提是对要说明的事物非常熟悉。要做到这一点，就要养成认真观察、深入了解的习惯：

观察要有针对性。要带着问题观察，而不是走马观花、浮光掠影。最好能在观察前列出观察提纲，观察时要记笔记、画图标。要善于提出问题。

观察时要分清主次。这就要求我们注意观察的顺序。观察有概括性观察和特写性观察之分。前一种方法有助于抓住事物的概貌，后者则利于把握观察对象的细节和特征。由概括到特写、由全局到局部，是观察的一般原理。

观察重在事物的形。要想传神，写出事物的内涵、原理等，则需要有很好的查阅资料、作调查的能力。比如我们要写一篇文章来说明洛阳牡丹。在写好它的形状、颜色、品种之外，如果能够考察一下洛阳牡丹的来历、其中的牡丹名品在培育中的科学原理，这篇文章就会有说服力，使读者更深刻地认识到洛阳牡丹的文化特色。这就要求我们具备相当的知识积累、广阔的知识面和优秀的调查能力。作为小，应当从小注重积累知识和调查能力的训练。比如通过剪报、记笔记、上图书馆和阅览室等途径来有意识地训练自己。

写作说明文还要注意说明的顺序。有合理的顺序，文章才能条理清晰，让人看得明白。说明顺序一般有三种，即空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。间顺序一般有从上到下、从左到右、从前到后、从远到近等。时间顺序一般有从古到今、从过去到现在等。 逻辑顺序有从现象到本质、从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体等。什么是合理的顺序呢?这要根据人们认识事物的过程以及说明对象本身的特征、规律而定。说明事物的形状、构造等，往往以空间为顺序;说明事物的成因、方法，往往以时间为顺序;说明事物的事理，往往以逻辑关系为顺序。

英语写作想要拿高分，经典的句型不可少。下面是语文迷整理的8种英语句型，供大家阅读参考。

一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...

2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph 如前段所述

4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

5.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…

6.For all that...对于这一切...... In spite of the fact that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，...

8.However , the difficulty lies in...然而，困难在于…

9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 同样，我们要注意...

10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势

12.As has been mentioned above...正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 从这个角度上我们可以说

14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面，即 …

三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3. Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of….

五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….

5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法

1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….

七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。

2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。

3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下面的可能是最有效的。

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。

5. The reasons are as follows.

八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight. 8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

Along with the time development accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is adult or the child so long as mentioning the computer all think of internet. But accessing the internet is advantageous but also has shortcoming.

I knew very many people access the net mainly is for playing games which is very bad for the study. Therefore some people believed the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.

Butthere are many people approving to accessing internet why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First the network looks like a library we can look up very many materials easilyand it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next we may read a richer news on-line; In addition accessing the net also has other functions for example E-mail telephoning on the net and so on.

Actually accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision the study knowledge but must certainly grasp the discretion.随着时间的发展，接入网已经变成了极为普遍的问题。不管是大人还是孩子，只要一提电脑，都想到互联网。但是，上网是有利的，但也有缺点。

网络的好与坏高中英语作文 我知道很多人上网，主要是玩游戏，这对学习是很不好的。因此，有人认为，中小学生缺乏自我控制能力。

但是，有许多人赞成上网，为什么呢?因为互联网可以为人们提供很有帮助。首先，网络就像一个图书馆，我们可以看到很多材料很容易，而且比查阅书籍速度快;其次，我们可以读到更丰富的新闻在线;此外，上网还有其它作用，例如，电子邮件，网上通电话等等。

其实，上网有它的盈利和缺点的地方。我们用它来开阔视野，拓展视野，学习知识，但一定要把握自由裁量权。

summer can be very hot in southern tai wan where the temperature usually goes up to 32"c or more. because of the heat it is a trying experience to go to school or do anything else in a place that is not air-conditioned. also because of this i stay at home most of the time during the summer vacation and occasionally go to the beach to plunge myself into the cool water as a way to keep my body less sticky. actually i like swimming think nothing is more refreshing than a swim. in the summer vacation that has ended i went swimming many times with my classmates we all had a good time. this summer vacation, however, was not spent entirely in seeking fun. as a second-year senior student i had to prepare myself for the college entrance examinations that were a year away. in other words, i must find time to study, too. so i divided my time between work play during the summer vacation derived benefit from this arrangement.

i spent this summer vacation in quite a different way. i used to run about every day in previous summer vacations,this summer vacation i simply could not afford to do so. i would soon be in the last year of my high-school education would after graduation be up against the college entrance examinations. though those examinations were still a year away, i had to start early to make myself well prepared by reviewing all those things i had learned at school this summer vacation was the ideal time for me to do this. at first i was rather dismayed at the thought of this,later i thought it was better this way because by working hard this summer i could count on endless happy summers to come. with this in mind i then set to work like anything and occasionally went out for a change or did some physical. i was not at all bored by this kind of life, for i was sustained by a hope.

the summer vacation had come round again. i was happy that i could forget about school at least for a while. lest i fool around all through this summer vacation, i made a plan as to how to spend it. first, i thought i should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that i could have a better understanding of them. then i thought i should take up some forms of exercise, such as walking, running rowing, to keep me physically strong. it stood to reason that with such a good plan i should make the best of my vacation time. i did, because i lived up to what i had planned.

[暑假有意义的事高中英语作文200词

English dairybw

July 5th Monday cloudy

Today I came back from a place named “he chuan”, it’s a good place. There has some nice view like chang jiang river. I came there in two days ago. Our aunt is here. We had a good time in there. But I also write English dairy too. Because of the wrong computer, the message didn’t here. I wish myself to live more better tomorrow.

July 6th Tuesday cloudy;

Ah ha, when I get up, it was time for lunch. But I really have a lot of work to

do, I must write words and English dairy, then learned “Li yang” English, and then …… .

Oh, my god, if I do it in the afternoon, I will ready to dead. So I wrote words, and now

I’m writing my English dairy. Wish I could finish these works today. Bye!

July 9th Friday sunny0jK,

How happy I am. Yesterday I finished all the work very quick, so I have a lot of time to do myself. Sometimes finish work early is a good thing, we can have more interests to do the next work. Because of this, I write English dairy eight in the morning. But I wrote it in the evening in the pass day. Everyone, if you can finish the work quickly, not lazy, just try your best.

July 12th Monday sunny

How tired am I! I went back from chongqing three hours ago. In the city I nearly lost the way. Thanks for the hot heart man and woman. They help us to find the way. Oh, don’t think so badly, I’m fine. Because of my hard, my homepage is more beautiful than before, I’m very happy to see it. I love make homepage, if you love it, please let me know, we can take hours talking about homepage. Thank you.

July 14th Wednesday rainy

Yesterday I came to the center of Chongqing with my mother. We came to a place named “toward the air door”. I think many people know it. The night view is so beautiful that we all don’t want to back to home. I have a photo here. In the nine, we had to go back home. I didn’t wash my face before I went to bed, I’m too tired.

July 16th Friday rainyp

This holiday is my best busy holiday for I am learning English, computer and word and I fall in the weekend exam. Many times I want to take today off, but my mother said to me:“go on, you must belive that you can do it.” So I have to try. Now my English is better than 2months ago. I must thanks my mother, she is good for me. Practices makes perfect.

July 21th Wednesday rainy

Good morning everyone, I have some good news and some bad news. The good news is that I have a home page: ; how happy am I. The bad news is the computer game cd-rom is wrong. I can’t play computer game these days. It’s the worse for me. Welcome to my homepage and I wish whom could give me a right cd-rom(you are in sleep).hen hen……

July 22th Thursday sunnyp

Today I came to the city of Bishan,its a beautiful city.Its the shoes centre of western china. I think many people know it. It developed very quickly these years.More and more people move in it. Im pleased to be a Bishan people.

July 26th Monday sunny .

Hello, everyone! I’m so pleased to tell you: I have finished my web today.. It took me more than two days to do. I have a English pen friend now. I want to get pen friend more. So welcome write to me. My E-mail is:@126.com I’m so tired when I wrote this message, I must go to bed quickly. Good bye.5t

July 28th Wednesday rainyh

I will go to school few days later. I’m afraid that I can’t get used to the school life because I true very hate school. I don’t think there has a good school in my home. We have zero English teachers from USA and we have zero good computer ..May be many students can’t agree with me. But they will agree if they can see a really good school. do you agree with me?

July 31th Saturday rainyqn

Every day or every time many people was failed in something. They usually said that it was bad lucky. But the teacher of “Liyang” said:” you should do a little more then you will won.” Remember this word. Then don’t be shy, just try. If some laugh at you, you can say go yourself. If you can do it, that means you are a strong man.

August 1st Sunday sunny

Today I’m very tried for I made my homepage from 10:00 yesterday to 5:00 today. Seven hours nearly let me dead. But I’m pleased to see my homepage has been changed more and more beautiful and full with web. So I will keep doing tomorrow,, I can’t do this night, I’m ready to go to bed. Goodbye, every friend. See you tomorrow.

August 3ed Tuesday sunnyq

I want to kill my bother named kewang because every time and every day he makes me very tried. If yesterday he hut you, tomorrow he will heart you. He is a silly man, he went to bed at 9:00,then he woke up at 6:00 and then he shouted very loudly to makes me up. But I went to bed at 4:00 morning for my home web. I really want to kill him.

英语说明文的写作技巧说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等;也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等;说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求

英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧

一)、审好题

人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式，是书信还是短文。审题完毕，随即列出提纲。

二)、注重主题句的设置

主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence)，是段落的论点，限制段落中议论的范围，是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确，要明确表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”，帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点，让读者快速了解作者的观点。

1、确定主题句的位置

英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句，这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况：①在段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要，这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅，2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构，即主题句在段首。

2、写出好的主题句

好的主题句具有以下特点：①有一定的概括性，普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现，也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句：

1)Staying up late is bad for our health.

2)The more cars, the better?

3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.

4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.

5)a. Tom is a middle school student.

b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.

6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.

然后让学生对照主题句的特点，他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中，学生学会了如何写好的主题句，并且运用到议论文写作中，收到较好效果，见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。

Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

由此可见，好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点，起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点，运用多种方法展开论证，达到以理服人的效果。

三)、用好连接词和过渡句

从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅，句意转换自然，同时使表达合乎逻辑，文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构，但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点，或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散，势必削弱论证的效果，就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。

1、句与句的连接词

连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词，使句意连贯、紧凑，以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?

2.段与段的过渡句

过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次，或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句，效果明显(见下文，题目及要求略，黑体部分为过渡句)。

Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.

However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.

In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍，2005)

上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚，浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此，非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句，使议论文结构严谨，论点清楚，行文流畅。

1)引言段的常用过渡句

Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.

Different people have different opinions on the question of …

They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …

Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.

Although most people think… I believe…

此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意，自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题，或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。

2)主体段的常用过渡句

Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…

Some people think that… While others believe…

Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …

本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句，文章思路清晰，结构清楚，显示作者严谨思维，增强表达效果。

3)结论段的常用过渡句

As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…

Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…

As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…

To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…

运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段，作者或是重申论点，或是强调论点，以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。

英语议论文范文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.

为丰富中学生的环保知识，培养防护意识，学校英语社针对我国雾霾天气频现，危害严重的现状，决定在学生中举行英语征文比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文参赛。

1．雾霾天气的危害：

2．雾霾产生的原因；

3．自我防护的方法。

参考词汇：尾气排放：exhaust emission

雾霾天气：hazy weather

注意：1．词数：120_-150；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Nowadays, the hazy weather frequently appears in our country. It has not only done harm to people’s health, but also affected the public transportation. Terrible accidents happen every now and then, some highways have to be shut down because of the low visibility.

Obviously, air pollution is the main factor that has resulted in the frequency of hazy weather. At the same time, smoke from burning coal and all kinds of dust are also important factors. Besides, exhaust emission from cars and buses has made the situation even worse.

So proper measures should be adopted to deal with the serious problem. To students, opportunities for outdoor sports activities should be decreased, washing faces and hands with running water after each outing is also important, and do not forget to wear a good-quality mask to protect yourself while going out.

I hope we will regain a fresh, clean and bright world soon.

[高中英语作文：雾霾

my daddy was not happy because he thought it was not good for my study.Sometimes I felt I was not a free boy when my daddy was so strict with me,so I tried to talk to my daddy,and he said he was happy because I talked to him,and now he let me play games if I study well.From this,I understand a friendly talk can help people get along well.

Hi, Im Shao Ying. Im going to have a busy Sunday.

In the morning, Im going to the zoo by bike. I want to see the monkeys. Then , Im going to the bookstore. Im going to buy a new English book. In the afternoon, Im going to visit my grandparents with my mom.

It is far, so we are going by bus. In the evening, we are going to watch TV together.

How about you?

以说明为主是说明文与其他文体从表达方式上区别的标志。小编收集了说明文作文的写作方法，欢迎阅读。

说明文一般结构形式为：先对说明的对象作总的概括介绍，然后导入具体说明。

一、概括介绍的方式

1、概述式

开头用简洁的语言介绍事物的概况，给人以总体形象。如《故宫博物院》是这样开头的：

在北京的中心，有一座城中之城，这就是紫禁城。现在人们叫它故宫，也叫故宫博物院。紫禁城是明清两代的皇宫。是我国现存的最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群，有五百多年了。

开头介绍了故宫博物院的地理位置、名称、性质和年代。通过概述的介绍，我们可以大致了解故宫博物院的概况。

2、描述式

开头描写事物的特征或状态，让读者有一个直观的总体认识。如《中国石拱桥》开头是这样描述的：

石拱桥的桥洞成弧形，就像虹。古代神话里说，雨后彩虹是“人间天上的桥”，通过彩虹就能上天。我国的诗人把拱桥比作虹，说拱桥是“卧虹”“飞虹”把水上拱桥形容为“长虹卧波”。

开头描述石拱桥的重要部位“桥洞”的状态特征，然后用神话传说和诗人对石拱桥的描述补充说明这一特征。

3、设问式

开头设问，能激发读者了解知识的欲望和兴趣，急切了解事物或事理。如《花儿为什么这样红》的第一段。由描述红花的鲜艳和美丽，自然提出“花儿为什么这样红”的问题，让人们随作者的具体解说了解其原因，探寻其知识。

4、定义式

开始对事物下定义，提示事物内涵(本质特征)和外延(包含的范围)，让人了解事物的本质。如《统筹方法》开篇是这样定义事物的：“统筹方法，是一种安排工作进程的数学方法，它的实用范围极其广泛。”

二、具体说明的结构思路

说明文的结构由事物的性质确定，一般来说，确定它的结构可从以下两个方面考虑：

1、按说明对象的自身条理性来安排结构

任何事物都有自身的条理规律，把握了这种规律并据此安排结构，能使说明的内容井然有序，条理清楚。一般来说，运动、变化、发展的事物，它的条理性表现在时序上，不同时间有不同的形态，说明时可按时间顺序安排结构。如《从甲骨文到缩微图书》，就是按时间顺序安排结构的，先写文字产生和出现书籍的雏形，再写正式的书籍，最后写现代的书籍，从而说明了书籍演变发展的过程。

处于静止状态的事物，如建筑群、名胜古迹、物品等，常常从空间位置上体现它的条理形。说明这类事物，宜按空间顺序，先表后里、先外后内进行说明。如《故宫博物院》说明一个古代建筑群，这个建筑群处在一定的空间方位上，排列有序，内部建筑有主有次。文章按照空间位置，先写外部城门，后写城内建筑，写内时先写主，后写次。整篇文章层次井然有序。

2、按人们对说明对象的认识规律安排结构

对读者陌生以及读者难以理解的说明对象，说明时常常由具体到抽象，由表面现象到内在事理。由个别推及一般。在具体说明中，宜先写状态，后写功用或成因，最后揭示性质特征。如《死海不死》是一篇事理性说明文，具体说明部分先说一种现象：传说约两千年前，罗马统帅狄杜把俘虏的奴隶投在死海里，但奴隶却安然无恙。然后解释原因，这是因为死海海水的咸度很高。接着进一步解说死海的成因，说明时先叙事，后说它是自然界变化的结果。这样说明，读者易于理解。

对读者并不陌生的事物或事理，说明时可先说一般，再叙说个别现象。这种写法宜先写性质特征，后写状态，人们可先获得事物或事理的总体认识，然后具体理解。如《苏州园林》，一般读者都知园林这一事物，但苏州园林与其他园林有所不同，因此，写作时宜先说出它与其它园林不同的性质特征，然后具体说它的形态。这种结构安排有利于读者尽快地认识事物。

说明文的结尾一般是自然结束，说明清楚了，文章就结束了。有的说明文最后再次归结特征，有利于读者区别事物。如《故宫博物院》最后写道：“站在景山的高处望故宫，重重殿宇，层层楼阁，道道宫墙，错综相连，而井然有序。这样宏伟的建筑群，这样和谐统一的布局，令人不能不惊叹。”结尾直接点出了故宫建筑群的特征：宏伟、和谐、统一。有的说明文，结尾作一些补充性的说明，或开拓读者的视野，或增强说明的准确、严密程度。如《看云识天气》结尾是这样写的：“在某些情况下，看云识天气往往要受到限制，因而，还是要依靠天气预报。”这一补充，比较全面地说明了“看云识天气”的作用，增强了说明的科学性。

温室里的花朵永远都是最脆弱的，学会独立是很重要的。下面是小编为你整理的关于独立的高中英语作文，希望你喜欢! 关于独立的高中英语作文篇1

Today in China,many families have only one child.So the children usually doted upon by all family members.Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and lack the ability to solve problems independently.

There are some ways to help children to be independent.Firstly,the child should have a chance to see the world around him.He must understand that there are various competitions in this world,and everyone can find his right position in the society only by individual efforts.Secondly,the parents should give the child enough help to make him feel comfortable.Its impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.A child needs help from the beginning.Without any help,the child may lose his faith.At last,parents should let his child make decisions,which can temper his ability to deal with problems.

No parents can accompany the children for the whole life.It is the child himself who is responsible for her own fate.Only an independent person can live and succeed in this world.

今日的中国,很多家庭都只有一个孩子.所以孩子往往成为全家人生活的焦点.有些孩子逐渐养成了依赖家长的习惯,从而导致他们缺乏自己解决问题的能力.

这里有几点可以帮助孩子变得独立.首先,孩子应当正式他周围的世界,每个人只有通过自己的努力才能在社会中找到他自己的位置.其次,家长应给予孩子足够的温暖让他感到舒适.不能要求每个孩子从不依赖父母.孩子需要一个起跑的平台.没有任何帮助,孩子或许会失去信念.最后,家长应让孩子做决定,如何依靠自己的能力解决问题.

没有父母可以陪伴孩子一辈子.决定自己的命运是孩子肩负的责任.只有独立的人才能在这个世界生活并取得成功. 关于独立的高中英语作文篇2

When I was very small, I was so envious about the adults, because they could do whatever they wanted and did not have to depend on their parents. For me, I did not have money and my parents limited my pocket money, so I couldn’t spend the money to buy whatever I wanted. It seems to me that being an adult is my only wish. Some day, I learned from the movie that being an adult was not that as perfect as I thought. In the movie, the man struggled to earn money to pay his bills, what’s more, he had to stay away from his family. Loneliness was always around him. To be independent means we can live our own way and make our own decision. We have more freedom. But at the same time, it also means more annoyance. So why just we enjoy this moment.

在我很小的时候,我很羡慕成年人,因为他们可以做任何他们想做的,不必依赖他们的父母。对我来说,我没有钱,我的父母限制我的零花钱,所以我无法花钱去买所有我想要的。似乎成为一个成年人是我唯一的愿望。有一天,我从这部电影中了解到，作为一个成年人也没有我想象中的那么完美。在电影中,那个人努力挣钱来支付他的账单,更重要的是,他不得不远离他的家人。寂寞总是是围绕着他。独立意味着我们可以有自己的方式生活,做自己的决定。我们有的自由。但与此同时,这也意味着的烦恼。所以为什么不享受这一刻呢。 关于独立的高中英语作文篇3

When we talk about being independent, we often think about leaving our parents and living alone. The mental independence is always ignored by people, mental independence means the person can measure the things and make the right decision. As for the children, even they move out and stay far away from their parents, but sometimes they just can’t control themselves, they will get the bad behavior, like smoking and drinking, their life is losing control. The young people need to cultivate their independent spirit, they should think by themselves, learn to take care of the other people, thus they can be the real independent. When a person grows up, they can be strong enough to support their lives and at the same time, they can be mature enough to make their own decision. They can tell what is wrong and what is right.

当我们谈到成为独立，总是想要离开父母，独自居住。精神上的独立总是被人们忽略，精神上的独立意味着一个人能衡量事情，做出正确的决定。对于孩子来说，虽然他们搬出去，远离父母，但是有时候他们无法自控，养成不好的习惯。比如抽烟和喝酒，他们的生活会失控。年轻人需要养成独立精神，他们应该自己思考，学着去照顾别人，这样才能真正的独立。当一个人成长了，他们才能够足够的强大去养活自己，同时，也能够足够成熟去做决定。他们能区分什么是好，什么是坏。

[有关独立的高中英语作文

英语一直是我最头痛的一门功课。因为在我看来有无数个毫无规律的英语单词要背诵，还有那莫名其妙的听力，都令我烦恼不已。但这学期我发现我似乎对这门讨厌的功课产生了兴趣。

事情的起因是爸爸出差到北京，给我带回了一台“读书郎”英语同步读书机。我立刻被它漂亮的外表吸引住了，因为它像一台高档的笔记本电脑。打开读书机，左边是音标，分为元音、辅音;右边是26个英语字母。最大的好处是它可以下载我上课用的pep教材。妈妈让我打开英语课本，翻到第1页，把读书机中的页码调至相同页码，我再用那神奇的信号笔一点，点到哪儿，读书机就发出标准的读音，点第二遍时它就译出这个单词的中文含义，真是太神奇了!

刚开始几天，我每天一放学就抱着这台“读书郎”，渐渐地新鲜劲也就过去了。妈妈看准了时机，立即调动我的积极性，把老师当天教的英语单词分批教我，并慢慢告诉我这个字母在单词中所发的音。这样，日积月累，慢慢地我对有些字母的发音规律也有所掌握。正像妈妈所说的那样，一旦你会读准这个单词，那么这个单词的一半已被记住，只要稍一用心，就可记住全部。妈妈告诉我：学习英语要循序渐进，因为记忆会衰减，所以学单词时，先学一遍，过一会儿复习一遍，到第二天再复习一遍，一星期、一个月内再次复习，这样能把短期记忆变成长期记忆。这种方法叫作“思马德记忆”。按照妈妈所说的方法，我试了一下。哎，果真有效果!渐渐地我对背诵单词有点窍门了。这个学期六个单元所要求的四会单词，我全部做到了会“听、说、读、写”。

因为背诵单词有了明显的进步，得到了老师的表扬，我的学习热情倍增，对听力也产生了兴趣。现在我拿到听力课文，不象以前那样手忙脚乱，而是先把课文、图案看一遍。如果是选择题，我会看清图案，了解这几幅图的大致含义，再听录音。我现在能抓住几个重点词语与图案进行对照，基本能做到准确无误。对阅读也同样，抓住几个关键词语和下面的问题进行对照。

以上几点仅是我对学习英语的几点体会。同学们，你们是不是也和以前的我一样，对学习英语非常头痛，其实不用害怕，只要坚持不懈，今天记不住的单词明天再记，反反复复，我相信你一定会成功。让我们一起努力，共同进步吧!

When I was alittle child, I had many dreams. I wanted to be rich, so that I can live in abig and beautiful house. I can go everywhere by car. But now, my dream seems tobe better and more realistic. I hope I can have a good job. It will not takemuch of my time, although I can’t earn much. Every year, I have holidays totravel. Traveling is my favorite and it can reduce my pressure. It’s good formy life. Therefore, I hope traveling can be a part of my future life.

当我还是个小孩的时候，我有很多梦想。我想变得富裕，这样我就可以住在漂亮的大房子里，可以驾车到每个地方。但是，现在我的梦想似乎更好更现实了。我希望我能够拥有一份好工作，尽管我不能赚很多钱，但是它不会占用我太多时间，每年有假期去旅游。旅游是我的爱好，它可以减轻我的压力，对我的生活有好处。因此，我希望旅游可以成为我将来生活的一部分。

中学英语教学大纲中明确指出：“写是书面表达和传递信息的交际能力。培养初步写的能力，是英语教学的目的之一。”在近年的高考中英语写作也占有相当比重。因此，在高中阶段教师应在指导和组织学生进行英语写作上下功夫，在平时教学中应有计划有目的地去训练和提高学生的写作能力。

一、学生能充分认识英语写作的重要性是写作能力提高的必要条件。

英语写作能力的提高需要持之以恒的长期训练。如果学生对写作重要性认识不够，他们就不能积极主动地去配合老师搞好写作训练，甚至产生逆反心理，产生对立情绪，英语写作就会半途而废，达不到预期目的。

在平时教学中，老师要经常性地有意识地对学生进行写作重要性的教育。学生一进入高中就要让他们了解初中和高中英语教学要求的异同。

我给学生找几份中考和高考题，帮助他们了解中考和高考英语试题对基础知识和基本技能要求的相同之处和不同之处，引导他们转变观念，更新和完善学习方法，要让他们了解到英语写作在高考中、实际运用中以及对将来继续学习英语的重要性。

我还联系在过去高考中英语取得优异成绩的毕业生，用书信介绍学好英语的方法，特别是在英语写作方面的成功经验和英语写作对他们当时及后来英语学习的重要性。这些毕业生有很大的感召力，很有说服性，尤其对那些有逆反心理的学生。

二、指导写作应注意的几个问题：

1．教师要有明确合理的教学计划和教学程序，组织系统规范的有序训练。

2．帮助和要求学生养成积极主动地坚持英语写作的良好习惯。

3．坚持循序渐进的训练原则。写作要先易后难，先短后长，先学会运用简单句、并列句，后学会用复合句表达，先写正确句子逐步过渡到围绕一个人、一件事、一个观点去写有中心的文章，由不限定时间到限定时间，由限定时间长到限定时间短，由限定字数少到多……

4．分程度要求。对学生的要求不能一刀切，对学习好的要求要高，对学习差的要求要适当低一些。要避免有些学生轻而易举垂手可得，而有些学生又可望而不可及的情况发生。

5．注意讲评。要经常指出优点，以利模仿，指出缺点，警示避免。

6．鼓励优秀，耐心帮助差生。充分利用板报、专栏进行优秀作文展览，或者也可采用传阅方式进行。但不能放弃或岐视差生，要经常帮助他们树立信心，掌握写作方法和技巧。

7．基础知识和能力并重，听说读和写并举。教师在平时教学中应充分利用一切可以利用的机会启发引导学生提高自己的写作水平。如遇到优秀的句、段或篇提示学生注意欣赏作者的表达法，把它们作为范例，在自己写作中加以模仿和运用。又如遇到英汉表达方法不同之处，提示学生注意英语的正确表达法，切忌出现汉语式的英语。要帮助学生养成正确运用标点符号的好习惯，切忌一点到底的错误方法。

8．要求学生在写作中宁简勿误，不能养成随随便便的习惯，要养成严谨推敲的风气。

三、训练写作的常用方法。

写作训练应考虑循序渐进的原则，采取逐步提高的形式进行。

1．用学过的词、短语或句式，模仿课文中的表达法造句。2．换课文中的人物、时态、语态或体裁等改写课文。3．看图作文。4．填补式作文。5．写课文复述材料或写心得体会。6．将打乱顺序的句子按事件发展的时间顺序或逻辑关系等整理成一篇完整的短文。7．教师给出题目和提纲让学生写作。8．写日记或周记。9．材料作文。教师给出汉语提示让学生用英语表达。

四、注意纠正学生英语作写中容易出现的错误。

学生最初写作时，教师要给予必要的指导，使他们少犯错误。教师还要经常性地例举错误的表达法，提醒学生注意避免。在批阅作文时教师要随时标出学生错误之处，还要随时记录学生所犯错误，把学生的错误加以归类总结，把普遍性的错误提出来，让学生集体改错，使他们的语言表达尽可能地规范正确。

总之，学生英语写作能力在老师有计划的组织和耐心帮助、正确引导下，在学生长期积极密切的配合下是能够得以逐步提高的。

This morning i went to the english corner which is in the park near my home. it is three years since it was founded.

Many middle school students as well as college students and foreigners take part in the activity. people there practice speaking english by talking about something interesting. people also exchange the experience in english learning. i think it is a good chance for me to use what i have learnt in my english class. i felt very cool after i got back home.

I’ll try my best to learn english better, for it is so widely used in the world.

Since I went to college, I feel so excited about the new chapter of my

life. I have imagined the campus life for so many years. Now I finally come to

this stage. I have much time after class, so I need to learn to deal with it.

After two years’ struggling, I find the right way to spend my time.

The first thing for every college student is to learn major knowledge. In

China, so many students think college time is used to play instead of study, so

they skip class. This is a big mistake. College is the stage for students to

master practical skills, which decides what kind of job they will work on. So I

study very hard from Monday to Friday. I don’t want to miss the important

knowledge.

The second thing for college students is to join the after-class

activities. Joining the activities can not only learn more skills, such as dance

and sports, but also can make friends. Campus is like a small society. Students

need to learn to make connections with other students, so that they can win more

chances. I learn a lot from my new friends and know how to communicate.

My college life is wonderful, I learn both knowledge and social skills.

My Sister 我的姐姐

Allow me to introduce my sister. Her name is Carol. She is tall and slim. She has big eyes and wears a pair of glasses.Her hair is long and blond. She is very polite and helpful. She is willing to give seats to the people in need in the bus. She has the same hobby with me. We both like playing tennis and computer games. I don’t think she plays better than me in tennis. But she plays better than me in computer games. Such as Russia, Bricks,Bubbles and so on!

My sister is very hard-Working. She is learning IELTS by herself. She wants to be a teaeher in the future. I think she can make it!

【参考译文】

请允许我介绍一下我的姐姐。她的名字叫卡罗尔。她又高又苗条。她有一双大眼睛，戴着一副眼镜。她的有一头很长的金发。她很有礼貌而且乐于助人。她坐车的时候愿意把座位让给需要的人。她和我有相同的爱好。我们都喜欢打网球和玩电脑游戏。我不认为她网球比我打得好。但她电脑游戏玩的比我好。如俄罗斯，砖块，泡沫等!

我的姐姐总是很努力。她正在学习雅思。她将来想当老师。我认为她能做到!

Every child needs to receive education and they spend so much time to learn

knowledge, whether they are like or not. The adults always tell their children

that as they are young and full of energy, so they should learn knowledge and

skills, but most kids dont know the necessity of study. The most important

reason to study is to keep pace with the time. We live in the society that we

need to make connections with others. If we dont get the newest information, we

will be kicked out and have no idea what they are talking about, then isolation

happens. Whats more, when we are equipped with skills, we can make our choices

and take charge of our life. In order to live the comfortable life, we must

study hard and fight for our future.

一、什么是说明文？

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。

二、说明文分类

按照不同的标准，说明文可分不同的类别：

依据说明对象与说明目的的不同，把说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物。通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明，使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物,例如：《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。事理说明文的说明对象是某个抽象事理。将抽象事理的成因、关系、原理等说清楚，使读者明白这个事理“为什么是这样”是其主要目的，例如《大自然的语言》、《奇妙的克隆》等。 根据说明语言的不同特色，把说明文分为平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种。

根据说明文的体系不同，还可以分为自然科学类和社会科学类。

三、说明文的特点

以说明为主的表达方式是说明文与其他文体的主要区别。在各种文章样式中，说明文体是一种客观的说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识，或者来自有关科学研究资料，或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得，都具有严格的科学性。

说明文的语言特点

准确、简洁、平实是说明文语言的主要特点。当然，说明文的语言风格也是多种多样、各有特色的，有的以平实见长，有的以生动活泼见长。以此为据，可概括为平实说明和生动说明两种方式。一般来说，以说明事物为主的说明文，重在抓住事物的特点，用简明的语言平实地加以说明。而科学小品，讲究趣味性、文艺性，须要作必要的生动、形象的说明。

四、说明文的顺序

1.时间顺序。时间顺序是文章常见的记叙、说明顺序之一。 即按照事理发展过程的先后来介绍某一事物的说明顺序。凡是事物的发展变化都离不开时间，如说明生产技术、产品制作、工作方法、历史发展、文字演变、人物成长、动植物生长等等，都应以时间为序。 时间顺序在文章中使用恰当就可以起到画龙点睛的效果，说明清楚，使读者一目了然，所以在文章时间顺序也是一种独特技巧。 2.空间顺序。空间顺序。即是按事物空间结构的顺序来说明 ，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从整体到局部来加以介绍，这种说明顺序有利于全面说明事物各方面的特征。一般说明某一静态实体（如建筑物等），常用这种顺序。；《故宫博物馆》按照先总后分的顺序，先概括说明故宫建筑物的总体特征，然后再具体介绍太和门、太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫……御花园，而在介绍每一座建筑物的时候，则又按照先外后内、先上后下的顺序。

3.逻辑顺序。逻辑顺序即按照事物、事理的内在逻辑关系，或由个别到一般，或由具体到抽象，或由主要到次要，或由现象到本质，或由原因到结果等等一一介绍说明。逻辑顺序主要分成12种——从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体、从现象到本质、从具体到一般、从结果到原因、从次要到主要、从部分到整体、从具体到概括、从本质到现象、从一般到具体。不管是实体的事物，如山川、江河、花草、树木、器物等，还是抽象的事理，如思想、观点、概念、原理、技术等，都适用于以逻辑顺序来说明凡是阐述事物、事理间的各种因果关系或其他逻辑关系，按逻辑顺序写作最为适宜。

五、说明文的结构

说明文的结构一般有两种：总分式，事物说明文常用的结构形式：（1）总——分，如《苏州园林》（先总体的概括，再分说。结尾没有总结性的语言），（2）总——分——总，如《故宫博物院》；递进式，各层之间的关系是由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质。各层之间的关系为递进关系。如《向沙漠进军》。

六、说明文常用的说明方法

(1)下定义。用简明的语言指出被说明对象的本质特征。从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。下定义能准确揭示事物的本质，是科技说明文常用的方法。

(2)分类别。把被说明对象按一定的标准分成不同的类别，一类一类地加以说明，叫分类别。如《食物从何处来》把生物获得食物的途径和方法划分为"自养"和"异养"两类，然后分别说明。

(3)举例子。举出实例进行说明，使内容具体化，叫举例子。《中国石拱桥》通过介绍赵州桥和芦沟桥，使人们具体了解中国石拱桥的特点，用的就是举例子的说明方法。

(4)列数字。用准确的数据说明事物的某些方面，这种方法叫列数字。如"笔全长13.5厘米，笔身约占3/5，笔帽约占2/5。顶端的活动小枢纽能自由伸出和缩进，像个乌**，长0.7厘米，笔挂长3.9厘米。"(《我的圆珠笔》)

(5)作比较。就是通过比较说明事物和事理。例如《苏州园林》中，用苏州园林建筑的不对称与我国古代宫殿和近代的一般住房的对称进行比较，突出苏州园林的自然之美。

(6)打比方。说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。"石拱桥的桥洞成弧形，就像虹。"形象准确地说明了石拱桥的外形特征，这句话就用了打比方的说明方法。

(7)画图表。为了把复杂的事物说清楚，还可以采用图表法，来弥补单用文字表达的缺欠，对有些事物解说更直接、更具体。使读者直观，一目了然地了解事物的特征。

(8)引资料。资料的范围很广，可以是经典著作，名家名言，公式定律，典故谚语等。

(9)摹状貌。为了使被说明对象更形象、具体，可以进行状貌摹写，这种说明方法叫摹状貌。（和描写要区分开，两者虽一样，不过是在不同的文体中的。）

(10)作诠释。 从一个侧面，就事物的某一个特点做些解释，这种方法叫诠释法。

七、简单说明文的写作方法

1、必须抓住特征。所谓特征，就是指事物所具有的独特的地方。任何事物都有各自的特征，这也是它区别于其它事物的主要标志《活板》介绍我国古代的印刷术，就当时说："活板"这种印刷术的主要特征是"活"。因而文章在介绍中自始至终抓住了这个特征，把活板的印刷历史、制作方法和使用方法，介绍得十分清楚，使读者有了确切的了解。能不能抓住事物的特征，主要取决于作者对事物有没有细致的观察和深入的研究。

2、合理安排顺序。事物大多是具有复杂性的，必须从多方面去介绍，才能讲清楚它的特征。依据事物本身固有的条理，是将说明文写得条理清楚的根本保证。事物本身固有的条理顺序，一般说来，有以下几种：

(1)空间顺序。是指按照物品的空间方位进行说明。或由远及近，由近及远;或由内到外，由外到内;或由上到下，由下到上;或由前到后，由后到前等等。说明物品的形状、构造，一般采用这种顺序。

(2)时间顺序。是指按照时间发展的先后进行说明，先发生的先说，后发生的后说。说明事物发展变化的过程，往往采用这种顺序。如《看云识天气》中有一段描写天气的变化，由晴转阴，由阴转雨(雪)有时间先后的顺序，天空的云随着这个时间的推移，也变化着不同的形态：卷云--卷层云--雨层云。就是按时间先后的顺序写的。

(3)逻辑顺序。是指按照事物内部的联系和人们认识事物的规律来安排说明的顺序。由

整体到部分，由主要到次要，由浅入深，由简到繁，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质等，因此，说明文作者在考虑文章思路时也必须符合这些认识规律，才能使自己的文章正确地反映人们对客观世界的认识过程，同时又能适应读者的接受能力和欣赏习惯。如《大自然的语言》说明物候现象来临的因素，共写了三段：第一段说，"首先是纬度"，第二段指出，"经度的差异是影响物候第二个因素"，第三段指出，"影响物候的第三个因素是高下的差异"。这个层次顺序的安排，就是由主次决定的。

3、选择说明方法。说明事物的方法很多，我们选择什么样的说明方法要根据自己的文章而定，因为运用一些说明方法的目的，是为了更正确地说明事物。

4、语言描述准确。说明文的语言，和其它文体一样，都讲究用词准确，表述明白，这是写好各类文体章的基本要求。但是，说明文作为一种独立的文体，对文章的语言又有自己的特殊要求。说明文是以介绍知识为主的一种文体，无论是解说事物，还是阐明事理，都必须讲究科学性，按照客观事物的本来面目，老老实实地说清它们各自的特点和本质，既不允许虚构夸大，哗众取宠，也不允许艰深晦涩，佶屈聱牙。这样，说明文的语言就应该简洁明了，质朴无华，也就是语言要"平实"。