英语说明文写作模板高中20篇

When I was very small, I was so envious about the adults, because they could do whatever they wanted and did not have to depend on their parents. For me, I did not have money and my parents limited my pocket money, so I couldn’t spend the money to buy whatever I wanted. It seems to me that being an adult is my only wish. Some day, I learned from the movie that being an adult was not that as perfect as I thought.

In the movie, the man struggled to earn money to pay his bills, what’s more, he had to stay away from his family.

Loneliness was always around him. To be independent means we can live our own way and make our own decision. We have more freedom. But at the same time, it also means more annoyance. So why just we enjoy this moment.

在我很小的时候,我很羡慕成年人,因为他们可以做任何他们想做的,不必依赖他们的父母。对我来说,我没有钱,我的父母限制我的零花钱,所以我无法花钱去买所有我想要的。似乎成为一个成年人是我唯一的愿望。有一天,我从这部电影中了解到，作为一个成年人也没有我想象中的那么完美。在电影中,那个人努力挣钱来支付他的账单,更重要的是,他不得不远离他的家人。寂寞总是是围绕着他。独立意味着我们可以有自己的方式生活,做自己的决定。我们有的自由。但与此同时,这也意味着的烦恼。所以为什么不享受这一刻呢。

[高中英语作文：当我们独立了

初中英语写作教学要把握一定的基本策略。写作是一个角度复杂的思维过程，对认知能力、思维能力、语言能力、组织能力和自我监控能力都有相当高的要求。写作水平的提高依赖于学生的参与，依赖于教师的指导和课堂教学的有效开展。

所谓写作教学策略，就是用来促进写作教学开展的方式方法。

1.写作的早期训练。英语写作是一门技巧、技能，需要一个长时间的发展过程才能趋于稳固，因此无论从写作能力本身的培养角度来说，还是从写作教学方法的运用角度而言，写作训练都需要早期化。

2.随着学习内容的增多，如学了数字、年龄、年级、班级、个人的喜好和生活习惯等之后，这时可让学生逐步增加写作内容。

做好“书面表达”这道题，学生应该从以下几方面人手：

一、充分准备。打好基础。

为了提高书面表达水平，平时应加强阅读，应背诵一些句型、段落甚至短文。只要读得多、背得多，就能出口成章，下笔成文。其实，用英文写信，记日记等都是学生力所能及且行之有效的练习写作的好方法。

二、仔细审题，明确要求。

对题目所提供的信息要认真分析，明确要求，做到心中有数。要对所提供的信息加以分析、整理，使之更加具体化、条理化，为开始动笔做好准备工作，还要搞清题目的要求，以便根据不同的题材、体裁，写出不同格式，风格各异的文章，此外，还要注意人称、时态、地点等信息，避免出错。

三、抓住重点。寻求思路。

根据题目所提供的信息，草拟提纲，寻求逻辑次序，确定如何下手，否则，语无伦次的文章将不会被人接受，也不可能得到高分。

四、遣词造句，表达规范。

用词要适当，不可逐句把提示汉译英，亦不可生拼硬凑，不要硬拿英语单词到中文句子里去对号，否则写出中文式英语，闹出笑话。一般来讲，写作时，应尽量选出你有把握的词，尽量使用短句(简单句)。如果有的单词不会写，有的思想不会用英语表达，你可以设法绕开，最好找一个同义词、同义句，或近义词、词组短语来代替。要正确使用关联词，如and，or，but，so，because，since等，以便行文自然流畅。

作文写完之后，应注意检查修改，修改时先从全局修改。首先要检查主题是否明确，表达方式是否恰当，接下来检查所写内容是否切题，该交待的内容是否交待了，最后检查所用时态、人称是否符合要求，最后是否一致。

写完后，还应仔细校阅1—2遍。校阅要逐词逐句进行，注意检查语法、拼写、标点、大小写等方面的错误。校阅是自检的最后一关，应严肃认真的进行，尽可能地消灭一切差错，增强文章的效果。

因此，要写好一篇作文，不仅需要具有丰富的思想内容，掌握扎实的词汇、语法及修辞等方面的语言基本功，而且还需要掌握因不同思维方式和文化背景而形成的英语特有的篇章机构模式 惟有这样才能进行最有效的书面交际活动。

Marcel Hirscher continued his dominant start to the alpine skiing World Cup season with yet more milestones on Sunday.

The Austrian, seeking an unprecedented fifth consecutive overall title, became the first man to win three successive giant slalom races at the Alta Badia venue, in Italys Dolomite mountains.

He claimed the World Cup lead from Aksel Lund Svindal, moving 20 points ahead of the Norwegian -- who was 28th, following his two speed-event wins in preceding days at nearby Val Gardena.

Hirscher claimed his fourth victory this season, and his third in giant slalom -- a technical discipline where he already leads by 134 points after only four rounds.

He was 0.19 seconds ahead of Norways Henrik Kristoffersen after the two runs, while Frances Victor Muffat-Jeandet was third.

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"I skied at my 100% limit in the second run," Hirscher said after the 35th win of his career put him one behind sixth-placed compatriot Benjamin Raich in the all-time standings.

"It was difficult snow, not as icy as were used to here in Alta Badia and I think that Henrik skied a smoother run, but I gave it all my power and in the end I am really happy to come away with the win."

In Sundays womens action, Eva-Maria Brem made it a double giant slalom success for Austria by winning in Courchevel, France.

Switzerlands Lara Gut, who won twice at Val dIsere in Fridays alpine combined and Saturdays downhill, tied for second with Norways Nina Loeseth.

Gut extended her overall World Cup lead to 58 points over American star Lindsey Vonn, who was 13th following her crash on Saturday.

"I didnt really feel very balanced today," Vonn said. "I think I just rung my bell a little bit yesterday."

Brem claimed her second career World Cup victory, having been runner-up in the previous giant slalom races at Aspen and ?re.

"Every season I just need that one moment when everything gets together -- that one run, like the second one in Aspen when I felt, This is how I need to keep this working," the 27-year-old said.

"I knew what I had to do, but waiting at the start was tough. That second victory was beautiful too and that made me cry."

when my teacher told me to prepare for this competition i restated, hesitated.everybody in my class knows that. i never learned english in my primary school.i couldn’t speak english one year ago, but now, could i take part in this competition? no, i can’t. is aid to myself? i’m afraid ofmaking mistakes before so many learned professors and before my classmates and teachers.sud- denly!

a voice came to my ears.“everybody will make mistakes. even the very famous american president george bush” my english teacher said in my class.when i heard that, i think i can. i runinto my teacher’s office happily. “i will do it.” i said. so i stand here today. in front of you.

The period of high school stage is the preparation for college, all the students work hard in the purpose of the better future. In this stage, they hold the same target, fighting for the College Entrance Exam, especially in the third year, the sprint is very important. There are some suggestions for a better sprint. First, students should take a regular work schedule, it is very important to sleep in time, so that students can wake up early in the morning and then work with efficiency. Second is to keep the balanced diet. Students should pay attention to what they eat, the nutrition should be enough, so they can keep a better mind, thinking in a quick way. The last year of high school life must be hard and tedious, the one who keeps hold on will gain what they want. If they do as the mentioned suggestions, they can work better.

☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。

☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。

1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

There are many important people have been in my life, and one of them I will never forget. I met him last summer. He was short and tanned, and was about twelve years old. He was selling the balloons on the sideway when I met him, I was curious and asked him:” why do you do business at such young age?” he said:” I’m not doing business, I have been saving money. I want to donate it to the disaster area, the children there need help.” I was surprise, and ashamed. I bought many balloons from him and asked him to keep the change. I should learn from him to be a kind-hearted person.

在我的生命中出现过很多重要的人，其中有一个非常难忘。我是在去年夏天的时候遇见他的。他个子很矮，皮肤黝黑，比我年纪还小。我遇见他时他正在路边卖气球，我非常好奇就问他：“你为什么年纪那么小就做生意了?”他回答说：“我不是在做生意，我正在存钱。我想把钱捐到灾区，那里的孩子们需要帮助。”我感到很惊讶，也很惭愧。我向他买了许多气球，不用找零。我应该像他学习，做个有爱心的人。

Tourism in China

Recent years have seen a tendency in China that tourism is growing faster. According to a recent survey made by some experts, about 47% urban residents travel regularly, and 28% rural residents also make their tour across the country. The survey also shows that more people are interested in tourism, and will join the army in the future.

Facing this tendency, we can’t help exploring some underlying factors that are responsible. In the very first place, with the policy of reform and opening up, Chinese people’s living standard has been greatly improved, and therefore, most of them can afford to travel around. What’s more, it is believed that people now take a more positive attitude to tourism, and regard it as a life style. In addition, tourism facilities are becoming better and better. For example, transportation develops fast, and many scenic spots are available now.

中国旅游

最近几年，在中国的趋势，旅游业增长较快。根据最近的一项调查显示一些专家认为，约47%城镇居民定期作出旅行，28%的农村居民，也使他们的全国巡演。该调查还显示，更多的人在旅游有兴趣，并会在将来加入。

面对这一趋势，我们不能不说是负责任的开发一些潜在因素。在第一个地方，随着改革开放政策，对中国人民的生活水平有了很大提高，因此，他们大多数都不能周游。更重要的是，它相信，人们现在更积极的态度，旅游业，把它作为一种生活方式。此外，旅游设施正在变得越来越好。例如，交通运输发展迅速，许多景点都已经上市。

导语：小编提醒大家，要想把作文写好，要想在考研写作中得高分，平时一定得多阅读优秀的范文，特别是一些漂亮精彩的句型。同时也有必要掌握一些写作模式和技巧，不断地模仿练习，最后才能真正打造出高分作文。

一、命题依据

考研话题牵涉面广，包罗万象，变幻莫测。但从历年考研真题研究中可以发现写作基本上可粗略地划分为两大类话题：永恒话题(everlastingtopic)和热点话题(hotissue)。所谓永恒话题，是指那些不以时间和空间的转移为转移的话题。这类话题一般都是一些宏观的大话题，没有明显的时代印痕。如有关社会道德范畴的话题。另一大类是热点话题，即近几年或某一年特殊的社会现象， 媒体普遍报道过或公众普遍谈论的话题。如AdvertisementonTV(93)，温室的花朵经不起风雨(2003)等，所以，平时在生活和学习中留意类似话题的英文素材预以备战不妨是个好的办法。

二、写作技巧

1.精心构造全文的引言段

考研作文阅卷老师每天工作量很大，工作时间也较长，因此长时间批改水平参差不齐、质量高下不一的作文难免感到疲劳，厌倦，甚至气恼。据测试统计，一口气读完12 篇后才走神的人极少，定力惊人。因此，在考研写作三段制中，第一段最能吸引他们的目光和注意力，因为考研作文采用的是总体评分法(GlobalScoring)，作文评卷老师往往主要凭借第一段的总体印象打分。有人把文章的第一段说成是黄金段落，说老师就是在这一段中不断地“淘金”。这一说法是很有道理的，因此，作文要想得高分，一定要精心构造全文的第一段，最大限度地满足阅卷老师的期待心理，力争给他留下良好的第一印象。经验告诉我们，阅卷老师在看完文章的第一段后就已基本上给文章定了分数档次，即使在第二，第三段中发现文章中的其他一些美中不足之处，他也只是微调几分，总体分数还是比先定的档次低的文章要好得多。总之，引言段在全文三段中的重要性再怎么强调也不过分。如果要按重要性依次递减的顺序来排的话，那么应是引言在先，其次是结尾段，再次是拓展段。

2.制造语言的闪光点

“言之无文，行而不远”，同理语言干瘪平淡，让人看之面目可憎，读后味如嚼蜡。要想攫住阅卷老师匆匆的一瞥，留住他们的兴奋点，就非得在语言上猛下功夫，多制造些表达上的闪光点。语言是思维的外壳，语言的好坏直接影响到实际作文分数的高低。语言表达的亮点体现在小到一个词，短语大到一个句子中。高分作文往往是“锱铢必较”，几乎字字计较。很多人作文分数很低往往是因为用词面太窄。当然，词汇的积累是有个过程的。可惜的是，很多同学只能认词，却不能再现，更不用说写作时运用了。

3.避免中国式英语

母语为非英语的人学习英语时往往会将母语的思维和表达方式直接迁移到英语表达当中。中国人学英语时往往会受母语根深蒂固的影响，最易造出中国腔的英语。有人把“价格便宜”直接写成“The price is cheap”，把“这件事小菜一碟”说成“This is a small dish”，让人看后苦笑不得。因此要尽量摆脱中国试英语，方法看来只有一条：多看外国人写的文章，多多阅读。不难想象，阅卷老师如果在短短的二百字文章中到处看到Chinglish，他无法使自己对你文章的印象好起来。

4.尽量有路标词

路标词(signalword)又称衔接词(connectives)就像灯塔为在茫茫大海中航行的船只指引方向一样，它能突出文章的层次性和逻辑性。英语文章讲究启承转合。“启”就是开启观点：“承”就是接着话茬进一步发展论证或补充：“转”就是讲相反或对立的观点：“合”就是总结概括。一篇文章若没有路标词便会杂乱无章的乱堆在一起，给人凌乱没有条理的感觉。标志词或衔接词的作用绝对不可小觑。

此外，多种句型的交替使用，文章脉络层次的分明，论据的合理充分等在写作中都应引起足够的重视。

关于城市介绍高中英语作文篇1

The city of hangzhou lies in the southeast of china and faces the east sea. it is famous for its beautiful west lake with a long history.whenever you come to this modern city you will see many parks and some places of interest around the west lake. during the holidays or festivals or at the weekends, people like boating on the water or walking on the paths of the woods or sitting on the ground to have a picnic. what a good time they have! since the politics of the reforming and opening were carried out by the government of hangzhou, plenty of tall buildings have been set up and great changes have taken place in this city.

杭州位于中国的东南，东临东海，以美丽的西湖而闻名于世。无论你什么时候去杭州，都会看到许多公园和名胜古迹环绕着西湖。节假日人们喜欢在西湖上荡浆，在小树林里漫步，或者坐在地上野炊，度过愉快的时光。自改革开放以来，杭州发生了巨大变化，许多高楼大厦拔地而起，呈现出新面貌。

关于城市介绍高中英语作文篇2

Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. Back in 3000 years ago in Zhou dynasty, Beijing, which was called Ji at the moment, had been named capital of Yan. Thereafter, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty all made Beijing their capital. Therefore, Beijing was famous for "Capital of a thousand years".

The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of Beijings life. Tiananmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing.

As Beijing has been confirmed home city of Olympics 2008, the spirit of "green Olympics, scientific Olympics and humanized Olympic" will surely bring more and more changes to Beijing, promote the development of sports and Olympics in China as well as in the world, and strengthen the friendly communications between Chinese and foreign people.

中考英语考试中“书面表达”往往是最后一项，怎么样在那么短的时间内尽可能的拿到高分呢?

一、中考英语写作的概述

你对于在中考英语写作中拿高分有把握吗?实际考试中，许多学生却常常有“无话可说”的感觉。那要如何我们才能克服这种无话的状态，取得高分呢?

归根到底这是一个英语基本功——单词、短语和句型的问题。

英语作文的前提条件是掌握了一定量的词汇、语法及体裁、题材等方面的知识。学生如果想要在写作方面有本质上的提升，必须进行多次的写作练习。因此，必须合理地设置训练步骤，遵循从初级到高级，从简单到复杂的原则去练习，经过一段写作实践之后，写作水平一定会有大幅度的提高。

中考英语作文对考生的要求有四点：1、内容要完整。2、语句流畅。3、没有语法错误。4、书写规范。

二、中考英语写作的评分标准

1、老师拿到的标准

写作水平的高低和文章的好坏，分数是最直接的评分标准，也是考生们最关心的。但是多少考生真正透彻知道中考英语写作的评分标准?什么样的文章才是阅卷老师眼中的好文章?

评分标准：

(1)整篇作文满分20分，其中内容8分，语言8分，结构4分。

(2)内容贴切，句子流畅，用语准确，加整体印象分1分。

(3)不满60个词，少1——5个词扣0.5分，6——10个词扣1分。

(4)所有给出问题涉及的三项内容，每少一项扣3分。

(5)每个拼写，大小写，标点符号等错误扣0.5分;同一的拼写错误不重复扣分，扣分总和不超过2分。

(6)语法错误每项扣1分，同一错误不重复扣分，扣分总和不超过2分。

2、老师想看到的标准

语言(8分)：

词——固定搭配、高频重点词汇;

句——复杂句(各种从句)、特殊句型、正确的句子!

内容(8分)：(总、分)论点、论据支持句;简洁、切合主题的记叙内容。

结构(4分)：

语言结构——句子重点突出、内容清晰;

内容结构——论点、论据以及记叙之间的逻辑关系;

句数控制——对于相对内容的句数掌握;

亮点、出彩点——排比、拟人、谚语、成语、押韵等。

三、扣分

内容方面：要点缺失，可酌情扣分。比如中考作文“Iwanttodosomethingformyschool”，若没有写一件具体的事情，是要扣3分以上的;若写的事情太过于虚幻，没有实际内容，也会扣1-2分。

字数：少于60字的作文要酌情扣分。

中考英语作文要求60字以上，标点符号不算，少了就要扣分。

但是60字的作文能不能得高分?从我们拿到的实例作文来看，16分以上的作文，没有少于75字的，甚至少于80字的也少之又少。

当然，也极少有超过100字的，因为中考试卷的短线格一共80个，在格子下面大约还有2行的空间，可以加20字左右，再多阅卷人就很难看清了，也会影响卷面的美观。

所以，同学们如果想让作文得到高分，最好是让字数在75-100字之间。

语法和拼写错误：每个扣0.5，重复错误不计;

标点错误：每4个扣0.5。

四、加分

作文的组织结构分。就是根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。只要文章中有1个亮点，基本就可以争取到1分(3分的文采分是很难全部拿到的)。而这1分的亮点，是可以提前准备的。

“万金油”式的复杂句型，例如强调句型、only相关的倒装句等，只要同学们多操练几次，几乎是一定能用到作文当中，从而为自己争取到这1分。

其次就是卷面分。很多家长(微博)和同学，尤其是部分书法并不是十分整洁的同学，都会关心是否真的有“卷面分”的存在。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项，但是这个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。

据阅卷老师的经验，在阅卷的时候并不是按这3个部分逐项打分的，而是在第一遍读完全文之后，心里已经形成了一个“印象分”，然后再细读第二、三遍，把印象分分配到各个打分部分。

因此，这个“印象分”就非常重要，而同学们的书法，也正是在这个环节，影响到了自己的分数。所以初三的考生，如果书法不好，一定要注意。

A Lovely Cat

Several days ago, Mother brought home a little cat. I gave her a nice name "Mimi".

She is black all over except her: four feet and a small nose. There is also a white bib on her chest. Can you imagine what she looks like? Every morning she gets up the earliest. Then she always climbs up my bed and wakes me up. When we sit at table having our meal, she often runs under the table and even climbs onto our knees, it seems as if she was saying, "Let me join you. I want something to eat."

"Mimi" likes to lie onthe floor in the sunshine. She feels;comfortable that way. She looks more lovely when doing that.

I like "Mimi" very much because the cat brings us a joy of the family. 可爱的小猫

几天前，妈妈将一只小猫带回家，我给它起了一个美丽的名字叫"咪"。 "咪"除了四足和鼻子是白的，其余都是黑的，看上去，好像在胸前打了一个白领结，你能想象出它是什么样了吗?

每天早上，它总是起得很早，然后跳到我的床上，把我叫醒，我们坐在桌前吃早餐时，它会从桌下轻轻爬到我们的膝盖上，好像在说："我也想吃东西。" "咪"喜欢躺在地板上晒太阳，它觉得很舒服。这样做时，它看起来更加可爱。

我非常喜欢"咪"，因为它给我们家带来了欢乐。

[喜欢的小猫英语作文

说明文用途很广，实用价值很大，写好说明文是很重要的，是现代化生活对每个人提出的要求。掌握说明文自身的规律，才能写好说明文。 下面介绍说明文的写作方法，欢迎阅读了解。

随着科学技术的高速发展，许多新产品也应运而生，相伴随的说明书也与日俱增，所以，好说明文已成为当前急需解决的课题。

任何事情都有其自身的规律，说明文的写作过程也是有规律可循的，因此，作为一个写说明文的作者，只有掌握这一规律，才能写好说明文。

1 明白说明文的六大要素

大家都知道，写记叙文，必须具备记叙文的六个要素，才能写成一篇记叙文，而且说明文和记叙文一样，也必须掌握说明文的要素才能写好，其要素归纳起来也不外乎如下六个方面：

（1）说明对象。

（2）被说明对象的特征。

（3）说明方式。

（4）说明顺序。

（5）说明方法。

（6）被说明对象的性质，性能功用，成因市里及内部关系等。

2 清楚写好一篇说明文需要具备的六个条件

这就是说，要想写好一篇说明文，至少得具备六个条件，那么又如何使用这六个条件呢？

第一，明确说明对象是什么？这要求你清楚地告诉读者，你要说明一个什么事物。

第二，被说明对象有何特征，什么是特征呢？所谓特征就是这一事物区别于其他事物的标志，因为，任何一个事物，都有其自身的特征，只有抓住它的特征，才能从本质上把说明的事物与其他事物区别开来，这样你才能把被说明的对象说清楚，从而达到说明的目的，例如，食物从何处来一文，作者就抓住被说明对象，食物来源的根本特征，植物靠自养，动物和大部分微生物靠益阳，极少部分的细菌靠化学能来合成，从而在本质上说明了食物来源这一深奥的事理。如果作者没有抓住这一特征，恐怕浪费了很多的笔墨也难以说清楚，因此要想写好一篇说明文，掌握被说明对象的特征是极其重要的，但是要准确的有条理地说明事物的特征，首先必须对事物有个清楚的认识，在生活中观察体验，参加实践，深入研究，坚持不懈地记取，是我们认识事物的根本途径，在这方面的例子是不乏其人的，伟大的物候学家，竺可桢，坚持不懈的观察记录，写出了大自然的诺言，周树人认真观察，写出了生动有趣的蜘蛛。因此，观察观察再观察，认识认识再认识，才能认清事物的特征。

第三，根据被说明事物的自身特征确定署名方式，既平实说明，生动说明两种方式，平实说明语言简练准确，通俗易懂，不带有描写的成分，例如，统筹方法，生动说明带有描写的成分，用词准确传神，把抽象的事物形象化，具体化，给人的感觉既生动活泼又形象，有趣味，例如，看云识天气，有时还可以把平实说明，和生动说明二者结合起来，这样会收到相得益彰的效果，例如，周建人写蜘蛛一文，在介绍蜘蛛吐丝的生理，机制时，运用了生物学上的术语，并作了科学的说明，这是平实说明。在介绍蜘蛛在网上，一幕幕紧张激烈捕捉蚊蝇的战斗场景时，作者运用了生动说明，这样语言准确，生动又形象，增强了文章的说明效果，使读者不仅有所知而且有所感，更觉有趣，总之，说明方式，根据说明对象的特征可灵活运用。

第四，确定说明顺序，因为说明对象不同，所以说明顺序也会相应的不同，可归纳为三大类，一是，按时间顺序写，包括程序说明，例如，从甲骨文到口袋图书馆。二是，按空间顺序写，空间顺序又分为从上到下，由内到外，从左到右或从右到左，从中间到两边，从前到后货，按从东西南北方位写。例如故宫博物院，人民大会堂。三是按逻辑顺序写，所谓逻辑顺序，就是按照事物的关系安排先后次序，例如海光。

总之，说明顺序只有安排合理，才能使文章条理分明，能给人一个说清楚完整的印象。

第五，恰当地运用说明方法，常用的说明方法有，下定义，分类别，举例子，作比较，打比喻列数字，配备图表等。至于用什么方法来说明事物，这是动笔之前必须考虑的。没有恰到好处的说明方法，也达不到说明的目的，究竟用哪种或哪几种说明方法？要由被说明对象的特征来决定，例如，食物从何处来一文，作者将生物获得食物的途径，作为分类的标准，分为自养和异养两大类，接着，又以获得食物的方法为标准来进一步，说明，自养型，认为靠光合作用的，和不靠光合作用的两类，易养型的分为不能加工改造植物的，动物和能加工改造的人类两类，这样层层分类说明不仅符合科学原理，而且条理分明，作者在分类说明的同时，行，文中还运用了打比喻，举例子下定义列数字的说明方法，这种恰当的综合运用，大大的增强了说明的效果，总而言之，说明方法，不能一概而论，而要根据被说明事物的特征，从实际的需要出发，去恰当地运用。

第六，根据说明的对象不同，可分为十五说明，事理说明，程序说明三大类，实物说明要根据说明的对象的特征，侧重说明事物的性质，类别，状态性能，功用、成因等。事理说明要说明有关事物的内部关系，程序说明要写清楚操作步骤的先后顺序。

3 合理安排命题和安排说明文的结构

命题方式，题目一般是直接揭示要说明的对象，这是说明文最常用的命题方法，例如，机器人，统筹方法等。有了题目，又具备了材料，还要有完整的结构形式。

说明文常用的结构形式有四种：

（1）并列式，各层次间的关系是平等并列的，例如，《南州6月荔枝丹》。

（2）递进式，后面的说明是在前边说明的基础上做进一步的说明，各层次之间的关系由浅入深，例如《向沙漠进军》，作者竺可桢先说明沙漠对人类的危害，接着说明人类征服沙漠的方法，最后指出在社会主义制度下，人类征服沙漠的美好前景。

（3）总分式，先总体来说，后面几层再分开说，或者前几层先分开说，然后再总起来说，例如，巍巍中山陵，作者对陵园建筑，按空间顺序，由总到分来说明。

（4）连贯式，各层次之间按照事物的发展过程或按因果条件等关系，安排层次，前后互相承接，例如，景泰蓝制作，当然这几种结构形式有时单独运用，有时综合运用，大城市之间按照一种结构形式安排每层，中小城市可采取另一种结构形式，总之要灵活运用，达到结构严谨完整的目的。

说明文用途十分广泛，对工业农业科技，商业和人们的日常生活都有很大的实用价值，人们利用他来为自己服务，指导着日常的工作学习和生活，因此，写好说明文是很重要的，是现代化生活对每个人提出的要求。

Today is New Years Eve morning， firecrackers sounding snap snap away. As long as you take a look at the outside， red firecrackers everywhere， come together to form a Red Sea. The family have their own homes going up in the beautiful， it seems like in the match. My family is no exception， sweeping， glass， cabinets， such as rubbing. Prepare the arrival of the New Year. 今天是除夕，上午，鞭炮声劈啪劈啪的响个不停。只要你向外面看一看，到处都是红红的鞭炮，汇成了一条红海。各家人都把自己家打扮的漂漂亮亮的，好像在比美似的。我家也不例外，扫地、擦玻璃、擦柜子等。准备新年的到来。 Afternoon， we posted in accordance with the custom of the Chinese New Year couplets， father and a good paste， and then said to me： "I paste you posted， I looked at the high level you say rich， said that if the lower rising good you "， I asked my father why? Dad said： "The plan is a lucky，" "Oh， I understand，" We posted on the Alliance are： evil Hongfu family happy is： wang gas people to come into everything. 下午，我们就按过年的习俗贴春联，爸爸和好浆糊，然后对我说：“我贴你看着高低我贴高了你就说‘发财’，如果低了就说‘高升’好吗”，我问爸爸为什么呢?爸爸说：“就是图个吉祥”，“噢我懂了”我们贴的上联是：家有宏福千般喜，下联是：人来 旺气万事成。 End paste New Year， we began dumplings. Good luck to Tim， we are still a dumpling in a bag of coins. Dinner， my folder， a Dumpling， one to eat， "cough，" the voice of a coin吃出for my whole family applauded， and say that I am lucky this year. After dumplings， we saw the Chinese New Year Festival， my favorite essay nd "yellow soybeans." Liu Qian first a one-dollar coins into the cup， then into the host egg rings. "Bean yellow" in a person to "take off clouds" that they "Li Xiangyun" really funny. No wonder people say： "Spring Festival Evening Show" is a cultural feast. 贴完春联，我们就开始包饺子。为了添吉祥，我们还在一个饺子里包了一个硬币。吃晚饭时，我夹了一个饺子，一吃 “咯”的一声，吃出一个硬币全家人都为我鼓掌，说我今年有福气。吃完饺子，我们又

Every child is surrounded by the deep mother love. However, we often turn a

blind eye to the love. One day I deeply felt the love.

One day I hurried home for lunch after school, because there would be an exam

in the afternoon and I had expected to go back to school early to prepare for

the exam. But when I got home, the lunch was not ready yet. I felt unhappy. When

the dishes were served, I forund none I like. I ran out of my house angrily and

wanderde on the street for a while,hungry. Then I walked to school.

When I got into the classroom, I saw a lunch box on my desk. One classmate

told me that it was my mother ther that had brought it here.After opening the

box, I found my favorite food inside. My eyes was moist with tears.

Mother gave me her love without asking for return, How deep mother love

is!

1. What is language for? Some people seem to think its for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--- the longer the words the better. Thats wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication。

语言到底是用来干什么的呢?一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词--而且单词越长越好。这个想法是错误的。语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的!

2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible。

学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。

3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become。

一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多的将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变的越自然。

4. Learning any language takes a lot of effort. But dont give up。

学习任何语言都是需要花费很多努力，但不要放弃。

5. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages should be fun。

放松点!要有耐性，并让自己快乐!学习外语应该是乐趣无穷的。

6. Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hard- work will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的学习，更加勤奋的操练，你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。

7. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word-- use it, in your mind, in a sentence。

经常使用字典和语法指南。随身携带一本小英文字典，当你看到一个新字时就去查阅它，想想这个字---然后去用它，在你的心中，在一个句子里。

8. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence。

一有机会就努力去用英文来思考。看到某事时，想想它的英文单词;然后把它用到一个句子中去。

9. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms。

尽可能多的操练时态。学习一个动词的时候，要学习它的各种形态。

10. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language。

我想学习和了解更多关于语言背后的文化知识，当你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地运用语言。

If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. if we want light, we must conquer darkness. perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “there are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount the pyramids—the eagle and the snail.”

if i were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; i would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. i would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.the habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. i often hear grown up people say “ i could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so” , and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.

if I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. it takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. it only needs early cultivation to become a power.

the + 形容词最高级 + n. + (that) + S(主语) + have ever seen / known / heard / had / read, etc

例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.(海伦是我见过的最美丽的女孩。)

Nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than to + V(谓语)

例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. (没有比接受教育更重要的事。)

S cannot emphasize the importance of sth. too much：再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。

例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. (我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。)

There is no doubt + that + 句子：毫无疑问，……

例句：There is no doubt that the economy is recovering. (毫无疑问，经济已经逐渐复苏。)

It pays to + V + O(宾语)：……是值得的。

例句：It pays to help others. (帮助别人是值得的。)

An advantage of + 名词结构+ is that + 句子：……的优点是……

例句：An advantage of using solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.(使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。)

There is no denying that + 句子：不可否认……

例句：There is no denying that the quality of our life has gone from good to better. (不可否认，我们的生活质量日益改善。)

On no account can we + V：我们绝对不能……

例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. (我们绝不能无视知识的价值。)

It is universally acknowledged that + 句子：全世界都知道……

例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable[不可或缺的] to us. (全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。)

The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子：……的原因是……

例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. (我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。)

be closely related to sth.：与……息息相关

例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. (做运动与健康息息相关。)

So + 形容词 + be + S + that + 句子：如此……以致于……

例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. (时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。)

It is time + S + 动词过去式：该是……的时候了。

例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. (有关当局是时候采取适当措施解决交通问题了。)

S + enable + O + to + V：……使……能够……

例句：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. (听音乐使我们获得放松。)

be + forced / obliged / compelled + to + V：不得不……

例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. (既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。)

a. + as + S + be, S + V + O：虽然……， 但是……

例句：Rich as our country is, the quality of our life is by no means satisfactory. (虽然我们的国家富有，但我们的生活质量仍差强人意。)

It is conceivable / obvious / apparent that + 句子：可想而知/明显/显然……

例句：It is apparent that knowledge plays an important role in our life. (显然，知识在我们人生中扮演着重要角色。)

The + 形容词比较级 + S + V, the + 形容词比较级 + S + V：……愈……，……愈……

例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. (愈努力，愈进步。)

Since + S + 动词过去式，S + 现在完成式： 自从……，……一直……

例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. (自从上了高中，他一直很用功。)

By + V-ing, S can V：通过……，……能够……

例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. (通过做运动，我们能够保持健康。)

be based on sth.：以.……为基础

例句：Progress in society is based on harmony. (社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。)

That is the reason why +句子：那就是……的原因

例句：Summer is sultry[闷热的]. That is the reason why I dont like it. (夏天很闷热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。)

There is no one but + V + O：没有人不……

例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. (没有人不渴望上大学。)

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + sth. / V-ing：因为/ 多亏……

例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. (因为他的鼓励，我终于实现了梦想。)

For the past + 时间, S + 现在完成式： 过去的……来，……一直……

例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. (过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。)

What a + a. + n. + S + V!= How + a. + a + n. + V!：多么……!

例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! / How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (遵守诺言是多么重要的事!)

get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V：养成……的习惯

例句：We should get into the habit of

keeping good hours. (我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。) leave much to be desired：令人不满意

例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. (我们的交通状况令人不太满意。)

Those who + V + O：那些……的人

例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. (违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。)

have a great influence on sth.：对……有很大影响

例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. (抽烟对我们的健康有很大影响。)

spare no effort to + V：不遗余力地……

例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. (我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。)

do good / harm to sth.：对……有益/有害

例句：Reading does good to our mind.(读书对心灵有益。)

pose a great threat to sth.：对……造成很大威胁

例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. (污染对我们的生存造成很大威胁。)

bring home to + S + O：让……明白……

例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. (我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。)

do ones utmost to + V = do ones best to + V：尽全力去……

例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. (我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。)

写作包括两部分，一是要求在35分钟内写一篇150字左右的短文，二是要求在10分钟内写一个50--60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文，作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关，另外也有社会热点问题，比如环保、旅游、健身等，题目理解起来都比较容易。

短文写作部分文体为议论文，一般采用三段式的结构，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，论据充分，论证严密，基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章，应该注意一下写作步骤：

1.审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。

2.组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。

3.修改：也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。

关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道，短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题1～2分钟；组织素材, 细节和关键词: 4～5分钟；起草: 20～25分钟；修改定稿: 4～5分钟。

最后要说明的是，从某种意义上来说，专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构，而对于固定的题型，有固定不变的表达法。因此，大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当，搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型，包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句，以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法，然后自己多动笔写一写，只要按这样的方法进行练习，相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。

便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确，交待清楚，比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等，要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式，一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。

Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.

There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3.

In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测.

一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。

(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。

at first 最初 for one thing?(for another)

at present 现在;当今 首先?(其次)?

currently 目前;最后 recently 最近

first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来

in the beginning 起初 one the one hand?(on the other hand)

to begin with 首先;第一 一方面?(另一方面)

first of all 首先;第一 generally speaking 一般地说

in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说

lately 最近 to start with 首先;第一

presently 现在;此刻 now 现在

(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。

after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时

after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地

after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果

also/too 并且;又 for example 例如

at the same time 同时 for instance 例如

beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的

Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此

in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点

in addition to? 除?之外 secondly 第二

in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地

in other words 换句话说 so 所以

in particular 特别(地) soon 不久

in the same way 同样地 still 仍然

by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后

indeed 的确 third 第三;第三点

meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三

moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次

no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如

obviously 明显地 later 后来

of course当然 truly 事实上;真实地

particularly特别地 unlike ?不像??;和??不同

what is more 而且;此外

(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。

after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地

all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何

anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管??;虽然??

at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地

but 但是 by this time 此时

though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地

in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地

even though即使 otherwise 否则

still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地

in fact 事实上 unlike 不像??;和??不同

as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是

especially 特别地

(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。

above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是

as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之

as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说

as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来

at last 最后 therefore 因此

by and large 一般说来 thus 因此

briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说

by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之

eventually 最后 surely 无疑

finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之

in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问

in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑

in short 简而言之 truly 的确

in a word 总之 so 所以

certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然

all in all 总之

二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。

(一)表示因果关系

as a result

He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination. as a result of

He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.

accordingly

He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.

because(of)

We are delayed because of a traffic jam.

due to

His success is due to his excellent work.

owing to

Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.

thanks to

Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.

now that

Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.

so long as

You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.

since

Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.

in that

The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.

so that

The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him. therefore

There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.

(二)表示解释关系

as a matter of fact

I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.

as well

I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.

frankly speaking

Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.

in this case

In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.

(三)表示推理关系

or else

Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.

otherwise

You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard. if so

If so, it will make a great difference.